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Mokelumne System Temperature Management: Integrating Modeling Tools & Monitoring Programs Into Planning & Operations Benjamin S

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Mokelumne System Temperature Management: Integrating Modeling Tools & Monitoring Programs Into Planning & Operations Benjamin S Mokelumne System Temperature Management: Integrating Modeling Tools & Monitoring Programs into Planning & Operations Benjamin S. Bray Assoc. Water Res. Spec. East Bay Municipal Utility District Presentation Roadmap WHO, WHAT, WHEN & HOW, WOW, WHERE • The Context: Historical Motivation • Mobilizing Resources: Developing a Management Support System • System Operation through Collaborative Adaptive Framework: Highlights & Example(s) • Future Plans for Refining & Expanding Feb. 24th, 2014 2 Starting with Acknowledgements (in no particular order) The WHO • Rachel Simons & K.T. Shum (former colleagues) • Thomas Suarez, Water System Inspector II • Kevin Richards (now with PG&E) • District Staff including: – WNR: Joe Miyamoto (Ret.), James R. Smith (Ret.), Jose Setka, Richard Sykes, Lena Tam – O&M: Cifford Chan, Joe Young (Ret.), Rey Encarnacion, Damon Hom, Kevin Fung, Russ Taylor, Dave Hansen, John Hurlburt, Pat Lydon, Steve Rowan, John Johnson, Eileen White Feb. 24th, 2014 3 Historical Context The WHAT 1987 - Critically Dry Water Year October 1987 – Fish mortality attributed to numerous WQ factors 1988 October 4 - Camanche drops to historical low ~8,530AF 1992 – U.S. FWS Intervened in FERC proceeding 1993 - WQQRS 1D temperature model developed by Systech March 22, 1988- c. 1993 – EBMUD $1.2M project to install HOS Water Shortage July 16, 1993 - EBMUD proposes Emergency declared settlement offer due to drought 1996 - Parties Execute POA July 1, 1991 – FERC issues license modification proceeding March 23, 1998 – for LMR Project No. 2916-004 JSA signed c. 1994 – EBMUD expands monitoring June 1999 – LMRP program esp. WQ data collection WQRMP signed 2005 - model assessment of temperature modeling capabilities 2007 – 2D model development for Feb. 24th, 2014 Pardee and Camanche completed 4 Goal Statement and Key Operating Objectives The WHY • Goal: maintain stratification in Camanche Reservoir through fall • Regulatory framework defined by JSA and LMRMP • Maintain coldwater pool storage (<16.4°C) in Camanche Reservoir V > 28 TAF • Maintain cold water releases from Camanche Reservoir T < ~16.4 °C Feb. 24th, 2014 5 Temperature Management Timeline The WHEN Reservoir Stratification Temperature Management … J F M A M J J A S O N D … Juvenile Adult Salmon Salmon Migration Migration Resident Steelhead Feb. 24th, 2014 6 Mokelumne System Monitoring Stations The WHERE Feb. 24th, 2014 7 Zoom in at Camanche Dam The WHERE • CAMC measures High Level temperature through CAMC Outlet Camanche valve house through low level outlets (LLOs) CAMD • CAMD is the monitoring station behind the dam and is HOS System also the location of the YSI autoprofiler • HLO: 202’ ± 48” LLO: 102’ ± 84” Feb. 24th, 2014 8 Monitoring Hardware The HOW YSI Autoprofiler Probe Setup Hydrolab Feb. 24th, 2014 9 Pardee Reservoir The WHERE Spillway Crest Water Surface Elevation 567.7’ 550’ Gate 520’ Gate 490’ Gate Unit #1 & Unit#2: 460’ Gate Elevation 375’ Pardee Tower Aqueduct Intake Unit #3 & Sluice: Total Elevation 260’ Release (Not to Scale) Feb. 24th, 2014 10 Pardee Releases Pardee Dam The WHERE 1 - Water released from Pardee Dam 2 - Water travels down river (~ 2 miles) 3 - River plume plunges below surface of Camanche Camanche River Reservoir Feb. 24th, 2014 11 Pardee-Camanche Connectivity The WHERE Pardee Dam Outflow Plunge Point Camanche Dam Reservoir Surface Camanche Temperature EPILIMNION METALIM HYPO What flow rate is needed to break through the hot surface layer and make it to hypolimnion? Feb. 24th, 2014 12 Upstream Station Flex and Plunge Point Station Concept The WHERE Station Flex Feb. 24th, 2014 13 Camanche Reservoir The WHERE Flow Water Through Surface High Level Elevation Outlet ~203’ Flow Through Low Level Outlet ~102’ Total Release Bottom Water Temperature Feb. 24th, 2014 14 The HOW Model Domains Lower Mokelumne River and Fish Hatchery Pardee Model 300 ft deep Camanche Model 2,400 acres 160 ft deep 8,300 acres River Model 1-40 ft deep 65 ft wide Temperature Out to Temperature In from Lower Mokelumne River Upper Mokelumne River #3 #2 #1 Camanche River Pardee Reservoir Reservoir Model 2: Model 3: Model 1: SNTEMP CE-QUAL-W2 CE-QUAL-W2 1-Dimensional Feb. 24th, 2014 2-Dimensional 2-Dimensional 15 Pardee Model The HOW Pardee Reservoir 3 branches 42 segments 98 layers Feb. 24th, 2014 16 Middle Mokelumne Model The HOW SNTEMP (& RMS4) One-Dimensional Horizontal Upstream Length: 2.2 miles Input at Elevation Change: 260 ft to 220 ft Dam Width: 65 ft Downstream Output at Heat Flux (Meteorology) Reservoir Input Input: Flow Rate and Output: River Temperature Temperature from Pardee Model Feb. 24th, 2014 17 Camanche Model The HOW Lateral Two-Dimensional Vertical & Longitudinal 1 mile - Assumes constant temperature in the Longitudinal lateral direction 500 meters 1 branch 29 segments 44 layers Feb. 24th, 2014 1 meter 18 Model The HOW Performance 2001 Feb. 24th, 2014 19 Model The HOW Performance 2003 Feb. 24th, 2014 20 Model The HOW Performance 2005 Feb. 24th, 2014 21 Adaptive Management of WQ The HOW Involves continual monitoring & assessment Examples of Operational Controls: • Camanche High-level Outlet • Hypolimnetic Oxygenation System • Cold Water Pool Support (i.e. flow & timing of res. releases) • Mokelumne Diversions into Pardee Tower • Active assessment of release Feb. 24th, 2014 criteria for maximizing benefits22 Modeling Results - Camanche Release Temperature Demo The HOW Feb. 24th, 2014 23 2007-2008 Drought Feb. 24th, 2014 24 2007-2008 Drought TNF Estimates 2006: 1,460 TAF 2007: 420 TAF 2008: 400 TAF 2009: 590 TAF Feb. 24th, 2014 25 Mokelumne Storage Time Series Feb. 24th, 2014 26 2007 Pardee Releases and Camanche Cold Water Storage • Cold water retained in Pardee through July • Mid August 2007, cold water releases from Pardee to maintain cold water pool volume in 900 Camanche 800 700 • Coldwater releases 600 successfully maintained 500 Camanche hypolimnion 400 Discharge [cfs] volume and tempered 300 200 increasing temperatures 100 0 Feb. 24th, 2014 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 27 Cold Water Transfer Efficiency & Pardee Release Operation Feb. 24th, 2014 28 2008 Cold Water Management Actions • Pardee Tower gate operations (11 changes over the calendar year) • Weekly cold water pool volume assessment (reservoir volume and in-stream temps.) • Camanche high level outlet siphon (~30cfs from May 29 through July 16) • Cold water transfer efficiency (function of Pardee release rate and volume) • Purchase of water from WID (reserved in storage for critical fall period) Feb. 24th, 2014 29 2008 Pardee Inflow and Cold Water Collection Feb. 24th, 2014 30 2008 Pardee Releases Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Total 1200 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 Discharge Discharge [cfs] 500 400 300 200 100 0 0.0 30.0 60.0 90.0 120.0 150.0 180.0 210.0 240.0 270.0 300.0 330.0 360.0 Julian Day Feb. 24th, 2014 31 2008 Camanche Cold Water Storage and Bottom Water Temp. Feb. 24th, 2014 32 2007-2008 Recap • Cold Water Management is a team effort! • Diverse monitoring datasets allow cold water tracking and adaptive evaluation of key management actions. • The 2007 and 2008 drought was challenging but provided valuable lessons learned for the next inevitable drought. • Cold water plume travel-time estimates from Pardee Dam to Camanche Dam range from several days to less than two weeks. • Cold water transfer efficiency is related to release timing and rate which must be balanced Feb. 24th, 2014 against other management objectives. 33 .
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