Department of the Army, DoD § 578.2

578.87 Master Explosive Ordnance Disposal 578.134 Certificate of Achievement. Badge. 578.135 Certificate of appreciation to em- 578.88 Pathfinder Badge. ployers. 578.89 Badge. 578.136 Certificates for badges. 578.90 Aviation Badges. 578.137 Cold War Recognition Certificate. 578.91 Aviation Badge—Basic. 578.92 Senior Aviation Badge. AUTHORITY: Sec. 3012, Pub. L. 84–1028, 70A 578.93 Master Aviation Badge. Stat. 157; 10 U.S.C. 3013. 578.94 Driver and Mechanic Badge. 578.95 (Rescinded). SOURCE: 71 FR 17276, Apr. 5, 2006, unless 578.96 Nuclear Reactor Operator Badge (Re- otherwise noted. scinded). 578.97 Marksmanship Qualification Badge. GENERAL 578.98 Ranger Tab. 578.99 . § 578.1 Purpose. 578.100 Sapper Tab. The primary purpose of the awards 578.101 Physical Fitness Badge. 578.102 U.S. Civilian Marksmanship Pro- program is to provide tangible evidence gram. of public recognition for acts of valor 578.103 President’s Hundred Tab. and for exceptional service or achieve- 578.104 Identification Badges. ment. Medals constitute one of the 578.105 Presidential Service Badge and Cer- principal forms for such evidence; in tificate. the , medals are of 578.106 Vice Presidential Service Badge and the following categories: Certificate. 578.107 Office of the Secretary of Defense (a) Military decorations are awarded Identification Badge. on a restricted individual basis in rec- 578.108 Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification ognition of and as a reward for heroic, Badge. extraordinary, outstanding, and meri- 578.109 Army Staff Identification Badge. torious acts, achievements, and serv- 578.110 Guard, Tomb of the Unknown Sol- ices; and such visible evidence of rec- dier Identification Badge. ognition is cherished by recipients. 578.111 Army ROTC Nurse Cadet Program Decorations are primarily intended to Identification Badge. 578.112 Drill Sergeant Identification Badge. recognize acts, achievements, and serv- 578.113 U.S. Army Recruiter Identification ices in time of war. Badge. (b) The Army Good Conduct Medal is 578.114 Career Counselor Badge. awarded in recognition of exemplary 578.115 Recruiting behavior, efficiency, and fidelity dur- and Retention Identification Badges. ing enlisted status in active Federal 578.116 U.S. Army Reserve Recruiter Identi- fication Badge. military service. 578.117 Foreign and International Decora- (c) Service medals are awarded gen- tions and Awards to U.S. Army Per- erally in recognition of honorable per- sonnel—General. formance of duty during designated 578.118 Individual foreign decorations. campaigns or conflicts. Award of deco- 578.119 Foreign unit decorations. rations, and to a lesser degree, award 578.120 Foreign badges. of the Army Good Conduct Medal and 578.121 United Nations Service Medal. 578.122 Inter-American Defense Board of service medals, provide a potent in- Medal. centive to greater effort, and are in- 578.123 Philippine Defense Ribbon. strumental in building and maintain- 578.124 Philippine Liberation Ribbon. ing morale. 578.125 Philippine Independence Ribbon. 578.126 United Nations Medal. § 578.2 Explanation of terms. 578.127 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Medal. The following definitions are fur- 578.128 Multinational Force and Observers nished for clarity and uniformity in Medal. the determination and award of decora- 578.129 Republic of Vietnam Campaign tions: Medal. (a) Above and beyond the call of duty. 578.130 Kuwait Liberation Medal—Saudi Exercise of a voluntary course of ac- Arabia. 578.131 Kuwait Liberation Medal—Kuwait. tion, the omission of which would not 578.132 Republic of Korea War Service justly subject the individual to censure Medal. for failure in the performance of duty. 578.133 Certificates for decorations. It usually includes the acceptance of

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existing danger or extraordinary re- imum: Full name, Social Security sponsibilities with praiseworthy for- Number (SSN), date and place of birth, titude and exemplary courage. In its marital status, education, and military highest degrees it involves the vol- service. untary acceptance of additional danger (h) Bravery. Quality or state showing and risk of life. courage; level of conduct which is ex- (b) Active Federal military service. The pected of professional Army soldiers. term ‘‘active Federal military service’’ (i) Combat heroism. Act or acts of her- means all periods of active duty, Ac- oism by an individual engaged in ac- tive Guard Reserve (AGR) service and, tual conflict with an armed enemy, or except for service creditable for the in military operations which involve Armed Forces Reserve Medal, excludes exposure to personal hazards, due to di- periods of active duty for training rect enemy action or the imminence of (ADT) and full-time training duty such action. (FTTD). Service as a cadet at the (j) Combat zone. The region where United States Military Academy is fighting is going on; the forward area considered to be active duty for the of the theater of operations where com- purposes of military awards and deco- bat troops are actively engaged. It ex- rations. tends from the frontline to the front of (c) Active Guard Reserve. Army Na- the communications zone. tional Guard of the U.S. (ARNGUS) and (k) Decoration. Distinctively designed U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) personnel mark of honor denoting heroism or serving on active duty (AD) under 10 meritorious/outstanding service/ U.S.C. and Army National Guard per- achievement for individuals and units. sonnel serving on full-time National (l) Direct participation. ‘‘Hands-on’’ Guard duty (FTNGD) under 32 U.S.C. activity at the site, or sites, of the These personnel are on FTNGD or AD military act or operation. The indi- (other than training) for 180 days or vidual must be physically present at more for the purpose of organizing, ad- the designated location, having con- ministering, recruiting, instructing, or tributed to and influenced the action. training the Reserve Components and (m) Direct support. Services being are paid from National Guard Per- supplied the combat forces in the area sonnel, Army or Reserve Personnel of operations by ground units, ships, Army appropriations. and aircraft providing supplies and (d) Area of operation. The foreign ter- equipment to the forces concerned, pro- ritory upon which troops have actually vided it involves actually entering the landed or are present and specifically designated area; and ships and aircraft deployed for the direct support of the providing fire, patrol, guard, reconnais- designated military operation; adja- sance, or other military support. cent water areas in which ships are op- (n) Distinguished himself or herself by. erating, patrolling, or providing direct A person to have distinguished himself support of operations; and the airspace or herself must, by praiseworthy ac- above and adjacent to the area in complishment, be set apart from other which operations are being conducted. persons in the same or similar cir- (e) Award. Recognition given to indi- cumstances. Determination of this dis- viduals or units for certain acts or tinction requires careful consideration services, or badges, accolades, em- of exactly what is or was expected as blems, citations, commendations, the ordinary, routine, or customary be- streamers, and silver bands. Also an havior and accomplishment for individ- adjectival term used to identify admin- uals of like rank and experience for the istrative functions relating to recogni- circumstances involved. tion (for example, awards boards, (o) Duty of great responsibility. Duty award recommendations, and so forth). which, by virtue of the position held, (f) Award precondition. Any eligibility carries the ultimate responsibility for criterion not specified by this regula- the successful operation of a major tion which must be met before award- command, activity, agency, installa- ing a decoration. tion, or project. The discharge of such (g) Biographical sketch. Identification duty must involve the acceptance and of an individual that includes as a min- fulfillment of the obligation so as to

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greatly benefit the interests of the come of an engagement or engage- United States. ments against armed opposition. To (p) Duty of responsibility. Duty, which perform duty or to accomplish an act by virtue of the positions held, carries of achievement in connection with a high degree of the responsibility for military operations against an armed the successful operation of a major enemy, the individual must have been command, activity, agency, installa- subjected either to personal hazard as a tion, or project, or which requires the result of direct enemy action, or the exercise of judgment and decision af- imminence of such action, or must fecting plans, policies, operations, or have had the conditions under which the lives and well being of others. his duty or accomplishment took place (q) Extraordinary heroism. Act or acts complicated by enemy action or the of heroism or gallantry involving the imminence of enemy action. risk of life. Minimum level of valorous (x) Key individual. A person who is oc- performance in combat consistent with cupying a position that is indispen- a recommendation for the Distin- sable to an organization, activity, or guished Service Cross. project. (r) Foreign Decoration. Any order, de- (y) Medal. A term used to— vice, medal, badge, insignia, emblem or (1) Include the three categories of award, tendered by or received from a awards, namely: Decorations, Army foreign government. Good Conduct Medal, and service med- (s) Foreign government. Includes any als. unit of a foreign governmental author- (2) Refer to the distinctive physical ity, including any foreign national, device of metal and ribbon which con- State, local and municipal Govern- stitutes the tangible evidence of an ment; any international or multi- award. national organization whose member- (z) Meritorious Achievement. An act ship is composed of any unit of foreign which is well above the expected per- government described above; and any formance of duty. The act should be an agent or representative of any such exceptional accomplishment with a unit or organization while acting as definite beginning and ending date. The such. length of time is not a primary consid- (t) Gallantry and intrepidity at the risk eration; however, speed of accomplish- of life. Fearless spontaneous conduct at ment of an important task can be a the certain risk of life, above and be- factor in determining the value of an yond the call of duty, which clearly act. sets the soldier apart from all other (aa) Meritorious Service. Service which comrades. Minimum level of valorous is distinguished by a succession of out- performance in combat consistent with standing acts of achievement over a a recommendation for the Medal of sustained period of time. Individual Honor. performance must exceed that expected (u) Gallantry in action. Spirited and by virtue of grade and experience, conspicuous acts of heroism and cour- based on accomplishments during an age. Minimum level of valorous per- entire tour of duty. formance in combat consistent with a (bb) Military merit. Demonstrated con- recommendation for the Silver Star. duct or character deserving of recogni- (v) Heroism. Extreme courage dem- tion. onstrated in attaining a noble end. (cc) Officer. Except where expressly Varying levels of documented heroic indicated otherwise, the word ‘‘officer’’ actions are necessary to substantiate means ‘‘commissioned or warrant offi- recommendations for the Bronze Star cer.’’ Medal with ‘‘V,’’ Air Medal with ‘‘V,’’ (dd) Operation. A military action, or and the Army Commendation Medal the carrying out of a strategic, tac- with ‘‘V.’’ tical, service, training, or administra- (w) In connection with military oper- tive military mission; the process of ations against an armed enemy. This carrying on combat including move- phrase covers all military operations ment, supply, attack, defense, and ma- including combat, support, and supply neuvers needed to gain the objectives which have a direct bearing on the out- of any battle or campaign.

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(ee) Outstanding or unusually meri- (kk) Valor. Heroism performed under torious performance. Performance of combat conditions. duty determined by the employing (ll) Wartime criteria. (1) A period of component to have contributed to an formally declared war and for 1 year unusually significant degree toward after the cessation of hostilities. the furtherance of good relations be- (2) A period of military operations tween the United States and the for- against an armed enemy and for 1 year eign government tendering the decora- after cessation of hostilities. Only tion. This requires that the service be those individuals actually in the com- of national significance to the foreign bat zone or those in the communica- government and that it be performed tions zone whose duties involve direct under exceptionally difficult, extraor- control or support of combat oper- dinary, or hazardous conditions. ations are to be considered under war- (ff) Peacetime criteria. (1) In a period time criteria. when the United States is not engaged (3) A period of national emergency in the prosecution of a formal declared declared by the President or by the war. Congress. (2) Applied outside a combat zone when the United States is engaged in § 578.3 Display sets of award elements military operations against an armed and the Medal of Honor. enemy, but is not prosecuting a for- mally declared war, except that in the (a) Government agencies. Upon ap- communications zone those individuals proval by the Secretary of the Army, whose duties are in connection with samples of military decorations may be military operations against an armed furnished, without charge, for one dis- enemy may be considered under war- play at the headquarters of each Army time criteria. and higher field commander, in the of- (3) A period in specified areas where fices of the chiefs of governmental U.S. troops are engaged in military op- agencies not under military jurisdic- erations involving conflict with an op- tion where opportunity for the public posing foreign force or while serving to view the display is assured, and in with friendly foreign forces engaged in each office of Headquarters, Depart- an armed conflict against an opposing ment of the Army (HQDA) with activi- armed force in which the United States ties that include matters pertaining to is not a belligerent party. decorations. (gg) Primary next of kin. Primary next (b) Civilian institutions. Upon approval of kin are, in order of precedence, sur- by the Secretary of the Army, samples viving spouse, eldest child, father or of military decorations may be fur- mother, eldest brother or sister, or eld- nished, at cost price, to museums, li- est grandchild. braries, and to national headquarters (hh) Reserve Components of the Army. of historical, numismatic, and military The Army National Guard of the societies; and to institutions of such United States and the U.S. Army Re- public nature as will assure an oppor- serve. tunity for the public to view the exhib- (ii) U.S. Individual Army decorations. its under circumstances beneficial to U.S. Individual Army decorations are the Army. All decorations furnished to the Medal of Honor, Distinguished civilian institutions for exhibition pur- Service Cross, Distinguished Service poses will be engraved with the words, Medal, Silver Star, Legion of Merit, ‘‘For Exhibition Purposes only.’’ Distinguished Flying Cross, Soldier’s (c) Requests. Letter requests for deco- Medal, Bronze Star Medal, Purple rations for exhibit or display will be Heart, Meritorious Service Medal, Air made to Commander, U.S. Army Medal, Army Commendation Medal, Human Resources Command (USA and the Army Achievement Medal. HRC), ATTN: AHRC–PDO–PA, 200 Sto- (jj) U.S. unit decorations. U.S. unit vall Street, Alexandria, VA 22332–0471. decorations are the Presidential Unit (d) Display. Service medals for serv- Citation, Valorous Unit Award, Meri- ice prior to World War II will not be torious Unit Commendation, and Army provided for display purposes since Superior Unit Award. only minimum essential quantities are

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