Covid-19: Validity of Key Studies in Doubt After Leading Journals Issue Expressions of Concern
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Stephen P. Lock on "Journalology"
INSTITUTE FOn SCIENTl FICl NF0F4MAT10N8 3501 MARKET ST PHILADELPHIA PA 19104 Stephen P. Lock on “Journalology” Number 3 January 15, 1990 I don’t remember exactly how long I have Lock: Editor and Scholar known Stephen P. Lock. Our first encounter was probably at a meeting of the Council of Biology Editors (CBE) some 20 years Stephen P. Lock was born in 1929 and re- ago. It is somewhat unsettling to realize that ceived his education at Queen’s College, so much time has gone by. Equally disquiet- Cambridge University, UK, and the Medical ing is the notion that Steve will soon retire College of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. as editor of the venerable British Medical Trained as a hematologist, he served on the Journal (BMJ). But in the near future Steve staffs of various London teaching hospitals, will indeed step down, having helped train including St. Bartholomew’s and the Hos- his successor, due to be appointed in the fall pital for Sick Children, before being ap- of 1990. pointed assistant editor of BMJ in 1964. It seems odd to refer to Lock as an elder After serving as senior assistant editor and statesman of biomedical editing-however deputy editor, Lock became editor in 1975. accurate that description might be. The word I am amused that Steve opened his talk that comes to mind when I think of Steve with the traditional, mythical reminder about is youth. This youthfidness is reflected in the estimates of the number of extant jour- his writing and in his approach to problems. nals. -
Daily Evidence Digest 4 June 2020
Daily evidence digest 4 June 2020 The daily evidence digest collates recently released reports and evidence – provision of these links does not imply endorsement nor recommendation. Physical distancing, face masks, heart failure, research quality Peer reviewed journals featured: A systematic review on physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person- to-person transmission here A rapid review on dysphagia assessment as a potential aerosol generating procedure here Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on STEMI in a non‐COVID‐19 epicentre here A brief report on eating disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia here Data on the impact of COVID‐19 on heart failure hospitalisation and management here A survey on the use of telemedicine for head and neck ambulatory visits here Racial and ethnic disparities in long-term services here Tele-palliative medicine volunteers in New York here A commentary on the physical, mental, and social issues and challenges faced by unpaid home care providers here A BMJ feature article on how NHS mental health services are adapting to provide care here A small case report on three COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy and encephalitis here Two ‘expressions of concern’ about the quality of information and reliability of conclusions of a retrospective study in NEJM on ACE inhibitors and ARBs here and a multinational registry analysis of hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 in the Lancet here Letters and correspondence Self-risk assessment for patients with rheumatic disease -
Misinformation in the COVID-19
Editor’s column J NeuroIntervent Surg: first published as 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016683 on 14 August 2020. Downloaded from acute strokes, predominantly affecting Misinformation in the COVID-19 era otherwise healthy people <50 years of age.12 13 Endothelial dysfunction, hyper- Gabor Toth ,1 Alejandro M Spiotta,2 Joshua A Hirsch ,3 coaguability, ACE2 receptor variability, 4 upregulated inflammatory response and David Fiorella resultant thrombotic events have all been hypothesized as possible causes for The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a toll of primary data sources”.7 Medical jour- these unusual cases, but definitive data on humankind that is remarkable for a nals not properly “vetting” and eventually are currently lacking. One of the alter- disease in modern times. As of late June publishing high-impact articles that turn native explanations may be that some 2020, almost 500 000 people have died of out to be based on unverified data can of the “healthy” patients actually have the disease worldwide, including more misguide providers as well as the public. underlying but previously unknown than 120 000 in the USA, with estimates of Information on the disease that was previ- risk factors contributing to the vascular infected individuals approaching ously restricted to medical professionals is events. It is also possible that younger 10 million.1 The numbers of infected and now available to the broad public by the patients are more likely to have asymp- deceased patients will continue to rise. swipe of a screen, just like any other news- tomatic COVID-19 infection, and in In these times of considerable uncer- reel. -
Defining Covid-19 Elimination
EDITORIALS Department of Preventive and Social BMJ: first published as 10.1136/bmj.n1794 on 15 July 2021. Downloaded from Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Defining covid-19 elimination New Zealand Correspondence to: D C G Skegg Elimination is achievable and should not be confused with eradication [email protected] Cite this as: BMJ 2021;374:n1794 David CG Skegg, Philip C Hill http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1794 Speaking about progress towards ending the covid-19 “zero covid” for a prolonged period. Even with border Published: 15 July 2021 epidemic in the United States, Anthony Fauci said: restrictions and strict quarantine, incursions of the “We will end the epidemic phase, and we will likely virus occur from time to time, leading to clusters of get somewhere between control and elimination, infections and occasional large outbreaks. In the more likely closer to control.”1 Now authorities in Australian state of Victoria, for example, a resurgence England are abandoning most efforts to control, let of covid-19 last year peaked at over 700 cases a day, alone eliminate, the infection.2 Throughout the before being extinguished after three months.11 pandemic, the word “elimination” has been used in Despite such setbacks, Australia and New Zealand different senses. Many confuse elimination with remain healthy economies with largely normal eradication, which normally means permanent community life, apart from temporary border reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of an restrictions. Both are developing plans for a phased infection—as was achieved for smallpox.3 This reopening of borders. confusion helps to make the idea of eliminating The likely consequences of not aiming for elimination covid-19 seem impossible and not worth pursuing. -
Open Access Policies of Leading Medical Journals: a Cross-Sectional Study
Open access Research BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028655 on 20 June 2019. Downloaded from Open access policies of leading medical journals: a cross-sectional study Tim S Ellison, 1 Tim Koder, 2 Laura Schmidt, 2 Amy Williams, 1 Christopher C Winchester 2 To cite: Ellison TS, Koder T, ABSTRACT Strengths and limitations of this study Schmidt L, et al. Open Objectives Academical and not-for-profit research access policies of leading funders are increasingly requiring that the research they ► This manuscript includes a cross-sectional analysis medical journals: a cross- fund must be published open access, with some insisting sectional study. BMJ Open of open access policies of medical journals with a on publishing with a Creative Commons Attribution (CC 2019;9:e028655. doi:10.1136/ high impact factor, including society-owned jour- BY) licence to allow the broadest possible use. We aimed bmjopen-2018-028655 nals, from multiple publishers. to clarify the open access variants provided by leading ► The open access policies of all journals analysed ► Prepublication history medical journals and record the availability of the CC BY were clarified, and confirmation of our findings and additional material for licence for commercially funded research. was received by email from 97% of the contacted this paper are available Methods We identified medical journals with a 2015 online. To view these files, journals. impact factor of ≥15.0 on 24 May 2017, then excluded please visit the journal online ► Open access policies of the journals and publishers from the analysis journals that only publish review articles. -
Frauds in Scientific Research and How to Possibly Overcome Them Erik Boetto,1 Davide Golinelli ,1 Gherardo Carullo,2 Maria Pia Fantini1
Current controversy J Med Ethics: first published as 10.1136/medethics-2020-106639 on 6 October 2020. Downloaded from Frauds in scientific research and how to possibly overcome them Erik Boetto,1 Davide Golinelli ,1 Gherardo Carullo,2 Maria Pia Fantini1 1Department of Biomedical and ABSTRACT their activities, while also evaluating the quality of Neuromotor Sciences, University Frauds and misconduct have been common in the history the scientific evidence provided. of Bologna, Bologna, Italy 2Department of Italian and of science. Recent events connected to the COVID-19 COVID-19 pandemic is giving us a glimpse of Supranational Public Law, pandemic have highlighted how the risks and consequences how scientific research might evolve in the future: University of Milan, Milano, of this are no longer acceptable. Two papers, addressing researchers want to share their work in a quick, Lombardia, Italy the treatment of COVID-19, have been published in two of open- access fashion, in order to receive immediate the most prestigious medical journals; the authors declared feedback and recognition by their peers. Preprint Correspondence to to have analysed electronic health records from a private servers allow them to do so, as shown by their Dr Davide Golinelli, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor corporation, which apparently collected data of tens of increased popularity: almost 4000 COVID-19 Sciences, University of Bologna, thousands of patients, coming from hundreds of hospitals. papers have been submitted to medRxiv alone as Bologna 40126, Italy; Both papers have been retracted a few weeks later. When of June 2020.1 davide. golinelli@ unibo. it such events happen, the confidence of the population While this ‘torrent of preprints’ surely contrib- in scientific research is likely to be weakened. -
The Journal Impact Factor Denominator Defining Citable (Counted) Items
COMMENTARIES The Journal Impact Factor Denominator Defining Citable (Counted) Items Marie E. McVeigh, MS The items counted in the denominator of the impact fac- tor are identifiable in the Web of Science database by hav- Stephen J. Mann ing the index field document type set as “Article,” “Re- view,” or “Proceedings Paper” (a specialized subset of the VER ITS 30-YEAR HISTORY, THE JOURNAL IMPACT article document type). These document types identify the factor has been the subject of much discussion scholarly contribution of the journal to the literature and and debate.1 From its first release in 1975, bib- are counted as “citable items” in the denominator of the im- liometricians and library scientists discussed its pact factor. A journal accepted for coverage in the Thom- Ovalue and its vagaries. In the last decade, discussion has 6 son Reuters citation database is reviewed by experts who shifted to the way in which impact factor data are used. In consider the bibliographic and bibliometric characteristics an environment eager for objective measures of productiv- of all article types published by that journal (eg, items), which ity, relevance, and research value, the impact factor has been are covered by that journal in the context of other materi- applied broadly and indiscriminately.2,3 The impact factor als in the journal, the subject, and the database as a whole. has gone from being a measure of a journal’s citation influ- This journal-specific analysis identifies the journal sec- ence in the broader literature to a surrogate that assesses tions, subsections, or both that contain materials likely to the scholarly value of work published in that journal. -
Covid-19 Retractions Raise Concerns About Data
News in focus in South America, says Carlos Chaccour of the Barcelona Institute for Global Health in Spain, COVID-19 RETRACTIONS who is running a clinical trial of ivermectin and had raised questions about the preprint’s data. RAISE CONCERNS ABOUT Researchers testing hydroxychloroquine in clinical trials are worried that the Lancet find- DATA OVERSIGHT ings might make it harder for them to complete their research, despite the fact that the paper Studies relied on health-record analyses from firm has been retracted. “We’re hearing that people just aren’t interested in hydroxychloroquine,” that declined to share its raw data for an audit. says David Smith, an infectious-disease special- ist at the University of California, San Diego, By Heidi Ledford and who is helping to run a trial of the drug in people Richard Van Noorden with COVID-19 who have not been hospitalized. Most data on hydroxychloroquine in wo weeks after a high-profile paper COVID-19 have come from in vitro studies in The Lancet1 reported that the anti- or small clinical trials. On 5 June, however, malarial drug hydroxychloroquine researchers working on a large randomized might be dangerous to people with UK trial called RECOVERY announced that their COVID-19, three of its four authors data on more than 4,600 hospitalized people Tretracted the work because they were unable indicated that hydroxychloroquine didn’t to independently verify their data set, a reduce the risk of death, and that they were large proprietary collection of electronic stopping that arm of the trial. health records analysed by the US company It is not uncommon for studies that use Surgisphere. -
ACADEMIC 1 Improving Healthcare Outcomes
Sharing knowledge and expertise ACADEMIC 1 Improving healthcare outcomes Sharing the newest ideas, opinions and data Supporting health professionals’ learning and development Developing tools to make information accessible and useful Using digital technology to make best evidence instantly available That’s what BMJ does. We’ve been doing it since 1840. 2 A healthier world Since starting out as the publisher of a single “We have a clear vision of ‘A Healthier World’ medical journal in 1840, we have developed a and use our values to inform the decisions unique range of capabilities to meet the needs professionals, institutions and organisations. we take to help achieve that vision. The voice of our customers is vitally • Leading source of medical information for over important to us - we listen and respond 170 years to their needs, ensuring we provide high- • The BMJ is the fourth most cited general quality evidence based products for medical journal in the world healthcare professionals, their institutions, • Each month, more than five million users visit organisations and governments.” our websites, where we have content available in 11 languages • Over 700,000 healthcare professionals from Peter Ashman more than 100 countries access our revision CEO, BMJ resources and online learning tools [email protected] bmj.com/company 3 Global healthcare knowledge provider BMJ shares knowledge and expertise to improve experiences, outcomes and value. From specialist publications and decision support to online learning, our products and services help improve the educational development of students and professionals. They also help organisations improve their research and development services. Alert Drive research to publication Receive customisable emails containing Help improve research outputs and interest-related content. -
Journals from BMJ
Journals from BMJ journals.bmj.com BMJ started out over 170 years ago as Providing high quality content for health professionals and a medical journal, publishing our first researchers across the world. Our journals include not only the BMJ, research paper. but some of the most influential speciality journals in their field. Now, as a global brand with a worldwide audience, we help medical organisations and clinicians tackle today’s most critical • In the last 12 months, over 50 million unique users accessed healthcare challenges. our subscription journals online, generating over 107 million page views. What is an Our vision is to create ‘a healthier world’. • Nearly 80% of our titles saw Impact Factor rises in 2014. Impact Factor? BMJ’s journals division now publishes more than 50 of the • 21% of our users view journal content from mobile devices. An Impact Factor (IF) is a measure of world’s leading medical and allied science journals. In doing so, the frequency with which the average we have pioneered the migration to digital publishing and the article in a journal has been cited in development of open access. a particular year. The annual Journal For more information or to of Citation Reports impact factor is a ratio between citations and recent Today, our expertise extends to medical education, clinical arrange a trial, please contact: citable items published. Thus, the decision support, data analytics and quality improvement to BMJ Consortia sales impact factor of a journal is calculated enhance day to day decision-making and healthcare delivery. by dividing the number of current E: [email protected] year citations to the source items T: +44 (0) 20 7383 6438 published in that journal during the “At BMJ we believe the work we do previous two years. -
NLM Board of Regents Public Service Working Group on Clinicaltrials.Gov Modernization
NLM Board of Regents Public Service Working Group on ClinicalTrials.gov Modernization Chair: Carlos R. Jaén, MD, PhD, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Executive Secretary: Rebecca (Becky) J. Williams, PharmD, MPH, National Library of Medicine, NIH Board of Regents Members: • Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati, PhD, MPH, University of Southern California • Kent J. DeZee, MD, MPH, FACP, COL, MC, U.S. Army Office of the Surgeon General • Gary A. Puckrein, PhD, National Minority Quality Forum Ex Officio Members: • Lyric A. Jorgenson, PhD, Office of Science Policy, NIH • Pamela Reed Kearney, MD, Office of Extramural Research, NIH External Members: • Carrie Dykes, PhD, University of Rochester Medical Center • Alissa Gentile, MSN, RN, The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society • Sally A. Gore, MS, MS LIS, University of Massachusetts Medical School • Barbara Kress, BSN, RN, Merck • Seth A. Morgan, MD, National Multiple Sclerosis Society • Stephen J. Rosenfeld, MD, MBA, SACHRP • Joseph S. Ross, MD, MHS, Yale School of Medicine • Steven Woloshin, MD, The Dartmouth Institute Page 1 of 7 Biographies CHAIR: CARLOS R. JAÉN Carlos R. Jaén, MD, PhD, is the Holly Distinguished Chair, Patient-Centered Medical Home, Professor and Chair of Family and Community Medicine, and Professor of Population Health at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Dr. Jaén’s research interests focus on improving preventive care for individuals of all ages and preventing complications from chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. He is passionate about building and studying high-performance primary care offices. He served on the panels that published smoking cessation guidelines in 1996 and 2000 and was co-chair of the panel that published an update in 2008. -
Contents Commentaries Original Articles
Contents Volume 63 Issue 5 | GUT May 2014 Commentaries 753 Characterisation of faecal protease activity 705 Oesophageal mucosal barrier: a key factor in the in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea: pathophysiology of non-erosive refl ux disease OPEN ACCESS origin and effect of gut transit (NERD) and a potential target for treatment D Tooth, K Garsed, G Singh, L Marciani, C Lam, P Woodland, D Sifrim I Fordham, A Fields, R Banwait, M Lingaya, R Layfi eld, M Hastings, P Whorwell, R Spiller Gut: first published as on 1 May 2014. Downloaded from Caption: Night view of the beautiful skyline of Chicago downtown. The Gut family wish everyone 706 The antidiabetic gutsy role of metformin a very successful DDW meeting in Chicago. uncovered? Infl ammatory bowel disease R Burcelin 761 Colonic mucosa-associated diffusely adherent afaC+ Escherichia coli expressing lpfA and pks An international journal of 707 Fbxw7 hotspot mutations and human OPEN ACCESS are increased in infl ammatory bowel disease gastroenterology and hepatology colon cancer: mechanistic insights and colon cancer Impact Factor: 10.732 M Prorok-Hamon, M K Friswell, A Alswied, Editor from new mouse models C L Roberts, F Song, P K Flanagan, P Knight, Emad El-Omar (UK) J E Grim Deputy Editor (Hepatology) C Codling, J R Marchesi, C Winstanley, N Hall, Alexander Gerbes (Germany) J M Rhodes, B J Campbell Deputy Editor (Luminal 709 Editing liver tumours Gastroenterology) S Colnot, P Fortes William Grady (USA) 771 Mortality and causes of death in Crohn’s disease: results from 20 years of follow-up