Error Messages Explained
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Virtual Memory
Chapter 4 Virtual Memory Linux processes execute in a virtual environment that makes it appear as if each process had the entire address space of the CPU available to itself. This virtual address space extends from address 0 all the way to the maximum address. On a 32-bit platform, such as IA-32, the maximum address is 232 − 1or0xffffffff. On a 64-bit platform, such as IA-64, this is 264 − 1or0xffffffffffffffff. While it is obviously convenient for a process to be able to access such a huge ad- dress space, there are really three distinct, but equally important, reasons for using virtual memory. 1. Resource virtualization. On a system with virtual memory, a process does not have to concern itself with the details of how much physical memory is available or which physical memory locations are already in use by some other process. In other words, virtual memory takes a limited physical resource (physical memory) and turns it into an infinite, or at least an abundant, resource (virtual memory). 2. Information isolation. Because each process runs in its own address space, it is not possible for one process to read data that belongs to another process. This improves security because it reduces the risk of one process being able to spy on another pro- cess and, e.g., steal a password. 3. Fault isolation. Processes with their own virtual address spaces cannot overwrite each other’s memory. This greatly reduces the risk of a failure in one process trig- gering a failure in another process. That is, when a process crashes, the problem is generally limited to that process alone and does not cause the entire machine to go down. -
Linux Physical Memory Analysis
Linux Physical Memory Analysis Paul Movall International Business Machines Corporation 3605 Highway 52N, Rochester, MN Ward Nelson International Business Machines Corporation 3605 Highway 52N, Rochester, MN Shaun Wetzstein International Business Machines Corporation 3605 Highway 52N, Rochester, MN Abstract A significant amount of this information can alo be found in the /proc filesystem provided by the kernel. We present a tool suite for analysis of physical memory These /proc entries can be used to obtain many statis- usage within the Linux kernel environment. This tool tics including several related to memory usage. For ex- suite can be used to collect and analyze how the physi- ample, /proc/<pid>/maps can be used to display a pro- cal memory within a Linuxenvironment is being used. cess' virtual memory map. Likewise, the contents of / proc/<pid>/status can be used to retreive statistics about virtual memory usage as well as the Resident Set Size (RSS). Embedded subsystems are common in today's computer In most cases, this process level detail is sufficient to systems. These embedded subsystems range from the analyze memory usage. In systems that do not have very simple to the very complex. In such embedded sys- backing store, more details are often needed to analyze tems, memory is scarce and swap is non-existent. When memory usage. For example, it's useful to know which adapting Linux for use in this environment, we needed pages in a process' address map are resident, not just to keep a close eye on physical memory usage. how many. This information can be used to get some clues on the usage of a shared library. -
Mac OS 8 Update
K Service Source Mac OS 8 Update Known problems, Internet Access, and Installation Mac OS 8 Update Document Contents - 1 Document Contents • Introduction • About Mac OS 8 • About Internet Access What To Do First Additional Software Auto-Dial and Auto-Disconnect Settings TCP/IP Connection Options and Internet Access Length of Configuration Names Modem Scripts & Password Length Proxies and Other Internet Config Settings Web Browser Issues Troubleshooting • About Mac OS Runtime for Java Version 1.0.2 • About Mac OS Personal Web Sharing • Installing Mac OS 8 • Upgrading Workgroup Server 9650 & 7350 Software Mac OS 8 Update Introduction - 2 Introduction Mac OS 8 is the most significant update to the Macintosh operating system since 1984. The updated system gives users PowerPC-native multitasking, an efficient desktop with new pop-up windows and spring-loaded folders, and a fully integrated suite of Internet services. This document provides information about Mac OS 8 that supplements the information in the Mac OS installation manual. For a detailed description of Mac OS 8, useful tips for using the system, troubleshooting, late-breaking news, and links for online technical support, visit the Mac OS Info Center at http://ip.apple.com/infocenter. Or browse the Mac OS 8 topic in the Apple Technical Library at http:// tilsp1.info.apple.com. Mac OS 8 Update About Mac OS 8 - 3 About Mac OS 8 Read this section for information about known problems with the Mac OS 8 update and possible solutions. Known Problems and Compatibility Issues Apple Language Kits and Mac OS 8 Apple's Language Kits require an updater for full functionality with this version of the Mac OS. -
Alibaba Cloud Web Application Firewall
Alibaba Cloud Web Application Firewall User Guide Issue: 20190404 Web Application Firewall User Guide / Legal disclaimer Legal disclaimer Alibaba Cloud reminds you to carefully read and fully understand the terms and conditions of this legal disclaimer before you read or use this document. If you have read or used this document, it shall be deemed as your total acceptance of this legal disclaimer. 1. You shall download and obtain this document from the Alibaba Cloud website or other Alibaba Cloud-authorized channels, and use this document for your own legal business activities only. The content of this document is considered confidential information of Alibaba Cloud. You shall strictly abide by the confidentiality obligations. No part of this document shall be disclosed or provided to any third party for use without the prior written consent of Alibaba Cloud. 2. No part of this document shall be excerpted, translated, reproduced, transmitted, or disseminated by any organization, company, or individual in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Alibaba Cloud. 3. The content of this document may be changed due to product version upgrades , adjustments, or other reasons. Alibaba Cloud reserves the right to modify the content of this document without notice and the updated versions of this document will be occasionally released through Alibaba Cloud-authorized channels. You shall pay attention to the version changes of this document as they occur and download and obtain the most up-to-date version of this document from Alibaba Cloud-authorized channels. 4. This document serves only as a reference guide for your use of Alibaba Cloud products and services. -
Linux Tutorial Last Updated: September 29 2021 for Windows Users
VLAAMS SUPERCOMPUTER Innovative Computing CENTRUM for A Smarter Flanders Linux Tutorial Last updated: September 29 2021 For Windows Users Authors: Jasper Devreker (UGent), Ewan Higgs (UGent), Kenneth Hoste (UGent) Acknowledgement: VSCentrum.be Audience: This document is a hands-on guide for using the Linux command line in the context of the UGent HPC infrastructure. The command line (sometimes called ’shell’) can seems daunting at first, but with a little understanding can be very easy to use. Everything you do startsatthe prompt. Here you have the liberty to type in any commands you want. Soon, you will be able to move past the limited point and click interface and express interesting ideas to the computer using the shell. Gaining an understanding of the fundamentals of Linux will help accelerate your research using the HPC infrastructure. You will learn about commands, managing files, and some scripting basics. Notification: In$ commands this tutorial specific commands are separated from the accompanying text: These should be entered by the reader at a command line in a terminal on the UGent-HPC. They appear in all exercises preceded by a $ and printed in bold. You’ll find those actions ina grey frame. Button are menus, buttons or drop down boxes to be pressed or selected. “Directory” is the notation for directories (called “folders” in Windows terminology) or specific files. (e.g., “/user/home/gent/vsc400/vsc40000”) “Text” Is the notation for text to be entered. Tip: A “Tip” paragraph is used for remarks or tips. They can also be downloaded from the VSC website at https://www.vscentrum.be. -
Xerox 4050/4090/4450/4650 Laser Printing Systems Message Guide
XEROX Xerox 4050/4090/4450/4650 Laser Printing Systems Message Guide April 1995 720P93980 Xerox Corporation 701 S. Aviation Boulevard El Segundo, CA 90245 © 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 by Xerox Corporation. All rights reserved. Copyright protection claimed includes all forms and matters of copyrightable material and information now allowed by statutory or judicial law or hereinafter granted, including without limitation, material generated from the software programs which are displayed on the screen, such as icons, screen displays, looks, etc. Printed in the United States of America Publication number: 720P93980 Xerox® and all Xerox products mentioned in this publication are trademarks of Xerox Corporation. Products and trademarks of other companies are also acknowledged. Changes are periodically made to this document. Changes, technical inaccuracies, and typographic errors will be corrected in subsequent editions. This document was created on the Xerox 6085 Professional Computer System using GobalView software. The typeface is Optima. Table of contents Introduction vii Document conventions vii Related publications viii 1. Compress command messages 1-1 2. Data Capture Utility messages 2-1 System failure or reload messages 2-6 3. Disk Save and Restore command messages 3-1 4. File Conversion Utility messages 4-1 5. General Floppy Utility messages 5-1 FLF messages 5-15 6. Forms Description Language compilation messages 6-1 7. Host Interface Processor messages 7-1 8. Interpress Font Utility messages 8-1 9. Operating System Software messages 9-1 OS level 0: Confirmation messages 9-1 OS level 1: Informational messages 9-7 OS level 2: Routine maintenance messages 9-37 OS level 3: Printer problem messages 9-59 OS level 4: System or tape problem messages 9-64 OS level 6: Job integrity problem messages 9-68 OS level 7: System problem messages 9-88 OS level 8: Probable severe software errors 9-93 OS level 9: Probable severe hardware errors 9-99 10. -
Development Guide SAP Mobile Platform - Mobiliser 5.5
Mobiliser Framework Development Guide SAP Mobile Platform - Mobiliser 5.5 Copyright c 2015 SAP AG. All rights reserved. SAP, R/3, SAP NetWeaver, Duet, PartnerEdge, ByDesign, SAP BusinessObjects Explorer, StreamWork, SAP HANA, and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and other countries. Business Objects and the Business Objects logo, BusinessObjects, Crystal Reports, Crystal Decisions, Web Intelligence, Xcelsius, and other Business Objects products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Business Objects Software Ltd. Business Objects is an SAP company. Sybase and Adaptive Server, iAnywhere, Sybase 365, SQL Anywhere, and other Sybase products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sybase Inc. Sybase is an SAP company. Crossgate, m@gic EDDY, B2B 360, and B2B 360 Services are registered trademarks of Crossgate AG in Germany and other countries. Crossgate is an SAP company. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies. Data contained in this document serves informational purposes only. National product specifications may vary. These materials are subject to change without notice. These materials are provided by SAP AG and its affiliated companies ("SAP Group") for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP Group shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP Group products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. -
ICANN Monitoring System API (Mosapi)
ICANN Monitoring System API (MoSAPI) Version 2.7 2018-03-06 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Date and Time ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.2. Credentials .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.3. Glossary ................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Common elements used in this specification ..................................................................... 5 3. Session handling ............................................................................................................................ 6 3.1. Creating a session ................................................................................................................ 6 3.2. Closing a session .................................................................................................................. 7 4. API method authentication ........................................................................................................ 8 5. Specification 10 monitoring ...................................................................................................... 9 5.1. Monitoring the state of a TLD ........................................................................................ -
Using SAP Crystal Reports with SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere
Using SAP Crystal Reports with SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere USING SAP CRYSTAL REPORTS WITH SAP SYBASE SQL ANYWHERE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 3 REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................................................................. 3 CONNECTING TO SQL ANYWHERE WITH CRYSTAL REPORTS ............................................................... 4 CREATING A SIMPLE REPORT ...................................................................................................................... 7 Adding Data to Crystal Reports ............................................................................................................................ 7 Formatting Records in Crystal Reports ............................................................................................................... 8 Displaying Records on a Map in Crystal Reports ............................................................................................... 9 ADDING DATA TO CRYSTAL REPORTS USING A SQL QUERY .............................................................. 10 Inserting a Chart Displaying Queried Data ........................................................................................................15 CREATING A SALES REPORT .................................................................................................................... -
The TAXII HTTP Protocol Binding Specification Version 1.0 (Draft)
THE MITRE CORPORATION The TAXII HTTP Protocol Binding Specification Version 1.0 (draft) Mark Davidson, Charles Schmidt 11/16/2012 The Trusted Automated eXchange of Indicator Information (TAXII™) specifies mechanisms for exchanging structured cyber threat information between parties over the network. This document describes how to use HTTP to convey TAXII messages. The TAXII HTTP Binding Date: 11-16-2012 Trademark Information TAXII and STIX are trademarks of The MITRE Corporation. This technical data was produced for the U. S. Government under Contract No. HSHQDC-11-J-00221, and is subject to the Rights in Technical Data-Noncommercial Items clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 (NOV 1995) ©2012 The MITRE Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Feedback Community input is necessary for the success of TAXII. Feedback on this or any of the other TAXII Specifications is welcome and can be sent to [email protected]. Comments, questions, suggestions, and concerns are all appreciated. Open Issues Sections 8 and 9 of this document require significant development. 1 Copyright © 2012, The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved. The TAXII HTTP Binding Date: 11-16-2012 Table of Contents Trademark Information ................................................................................................................................. 1 Feedback ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Open Issues .................................................................................................................................................. -
Proxysg Log Fields and Substitutions
ProxySG Log Fields and Substitutions Version 6.5.x through 7.3.x Guide Revision: 12/10/2020 Symantec Corporation - SGOS 6.x and 7.x Legal Notice Broadcom, the pulse logo, Connecting everything, and Symantec are among the trademarks of Broadcom. The term “Broadcom” refers to Broadcom Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. Copyright © 2020 Broadcom. All Rights Reserved. The term “Broadcom” refers to Broadcom Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. For more information, please visit www.broadcom.com. Broadcom reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products or data herein to improve reliability, function, or design. Information furnished by Broadcom is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Broadcom does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this information, nor the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Thursday, December 10, 2020 2 of 182 sample-title Table of Contents "About this Document" on the next page Commonly Used Fields: n "Client/Server Bytes" on page 6 n "Connection Details" on page 9 n "DNS" on page 26 n "HTTP" on page 28 n "Request Headers" on page 29 n "Response Headers" on page 63 n "Request/Response Status" on page 102 n "SSL " on page 116 n "Time" on page 123 n "URL" on page 134 n "User Authentication" on page 145 n "WAF" on page 152 Additional Fields: n "CIFS " on page 155 n "MAPI and Office 365" on page 160 n "P2P Connections" on page 163 n "Special Characters" on page 164 n "Streaming Media" on page 167 n "WebEx Proxy" on page 175 "Substitution Modifiers" on page 176 n "Timestamp Modifiers" on page 177 n "String Modifiers " on page 179 n "Host Modifiers" on page 182 3 of 182 Symantec Corporation - SGOS 6.x and 7.x About this Document This document lists all valid ELFF and CPL substitutions for ELFF log formats, and some custom values for custom log formats. -
A Hybrid Swapping Scheme Based on Per-Process Reclaim for Performance Improvement of Android Smartphones (August 2018)
Received August 19, 2018, accepted September 14, 2018, date of publication October 1, 2018, date of current version October 25, 2018. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2872794 A Hybrid Swapping Scheme Based On Per-Process Reclaim for Performance Improvement of Android Smartphones (August 2018) JUNYEONG HAN 1, SUNGEUN KIM1, SUNGYOUNG LEE1, JAEHWAN LEE2, AND SUNG JO KIM2 1LG Electronics, Seoul 07336, South Korea 2School of Software, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea Corresponding author: Sung Jo Kim ([email protected]) This work was supported in part by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education under Grant 2016R1D1A1B03931004 and in part by the Chung-Ang University Research Scholarship Grants in 2015. ABSTRACT As a way to increase the actual main memory capacity of Android smartphones, most of them make use of zRAM swapping, but it has limitation in increasing its capacity since it utilizes main memory. Unfortunately, they cannot use secondary storage as a swap space due to the long response time and wear-out problem. In this paper, we propose a hybrid swapping scheme based on per-process reclaim that supports both secondary-storage swapping and zRAM swapping. It attempts to swap out all the pages in the working set of a process to a zRAM swap space rather than killing the process selected by a low-memory killer, and to swap out the least recently used pages into a secondary storage swap space. The main reason being is that frequently swap- in/out pages use the zRAM swap space while less frequently swap-in/out pages use the secondary storage swap space, in order to reduce the page operation cost.