The Case of Transgender Reproduction
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A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Transgender Men Around
The Author(s) BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2017, 17(Suppl 2):332 DOI 10.1186/s12884-017-1491-5 RESEARCH Open Access From erasure to opportunity: a qualitative study of the experiences of transgender men around pregnancy and recommendations for providers Alexis Hoffkling1*, Juno Obedin-Maliver2,3 and Jae Sevelius4 Abstract Background: Some transgender men retain their uterus, get pregnant, and give birth. However, societal attitudes about gender have erected barriers to openly being pregnant and giving birth as a transgender man. Little research exists regarding transgender men’s reproductive needs. Anecdotal observations suggest that social change and increasing empowerment of transgender men may result in increasing frequency and openness about pregnancy and birth. Specific needs around conception, pregnancy, and newborn care may arise from transphobia, exogenous testosterone exposure, or from having had (or desiring) gender-affirming surgery. We undertook a qualitative study to understand the needs of transgender men who had given birth. Methods: We interviewed 10 transgender men who had been recruited for a recently published online cross-sectional survey of individuals (n = 41). Subjects had given birth while identifying as male. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and systematically coded. Analysis used a priori and emergent codes to identify central themes and develop a framework for understanding participant experiences. Results: Participants reported diverse experiences and values on issues including prioritization and sequencing of transition versus reproduction, empowerment in healthcare, desire for external affirmation of their gender and/or pregnancy, access to social supports, and degree of outness as male, transgender, or pregnant. We identified structural barriers that disempowered participants and describe healthcare components that felt safe and empowering. -
16-183A Policy
ReportNo: 16-183a Meeting Date October 26, 2016 Alameda-ContraCosta Transit District STAFF RE PO RT TO: AC Transit Board of Directors FROM: Michael A. Hursh, General Manager SUBJECT: Board Policy 213 -- Prohibiting AlIForms of Unlawful Employment Discrimination Including Sexualand Other Forms of Harassment ACTIONITEM RE£OMMENDEOACTION($] ; Consider adopting revisions to Board Policy 213 Prohibiting All Forms of Unlawful Employment Discrimination Including Sexualand Other Forms of Harassment. BACKGROUND/RATIONALE The State of California Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH)updated many of its regulations last year. As a result, the District has updated its training and proposes revisions to Board Policy 213 and Administrative Regulation 213A in compliancewith the new regulations. In compliance with California Government Code $ 12940 (a), the protected categories have been expanded to conform to recent court decisions. Specifically,unlawful employment practiceson the basis of mental disability, physical disability, gender expression,gender identity, gender non-conforming or variance, sex, transgender, pregnancy, religious creed, national-origin and anti-bulling. This proposed policy is meant to comply with state law and foster a workplace environment of inclusion, civility, dignity, respect and professionalism. BUDGETARY/FISCALIMPACT There is no budgetary or fiscalimpact associated with this report ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES Maintain compliance with current state and federallaws regarding employment discrimination ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS Staff found no practical alternatives to the course of action recommended in this report 1 of 13 Report No. ].6-183a Page2 of 2 PRIOR RELEVANT BOARD ACTION/POLICIES Policy No. 207 -- Equal Employment Opportunities and Affirmative Action, adopted 9/28/90 Po[icy No. 201 - Anti-Bu]]ying and Prevention of Abusive Conduct, adopted 6/10/].5 Policy No. -
Downloads/Reports/Reports/Ntds Full.Pdf
NON-BINARY AND TRANSMASCULINE REPRODUCTION: STORIES OF CONCEPTION, PREGNANCY, AND BIRTH by Olivia Fischer B.Kin., The University of British Columbia, 2016 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Counselling Psychology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2020 © Olivia Fischer, 2020 ii The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, a thesis/dissertation entitled: Non-binary and Transmasculine Reproduction: Stories of Conception, Pregnancy, and Birth submitted by Olivia Fischer in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology Examining Committee: Dr. Judith Daniluk, Professor, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, UBC Supervisor Dr. Anita Hubley, Professor, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, UBC Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Chris Shelley, Clinical Director, The Adler Centre Supervisory Committee Member iii Abstract The question that guided this inquiry was: how do non-binary and transmasculine people narrate their stories of conception, pregnancy, and birth? A qualitative, narrative approach was determined to be most appropriate for answering this question. Five non-binary individuals volunteered to participate in this study. Data were collected using largely unstructured, in-depth, tape-recorded interviews. Analysis of the verbatim transcripts and tape recordings yielded a chronological, cohesive narrative for each participant. Four participants reviewed their narrative and confirmed that their story was accurately represented. The individual narratives were then woven into one collective narrative and common themes across the participants’ stories were identified. -
The Right to (Trans) Parent: a Reproductive Justice Approach to Reproductive Rights, Fertility, and Family-Building Issues Facing Transgender People Laura Nixon
William & Mary Journal of Women and the Law Volume 20 | Issue 1 Article 5 The Right to (Trans) Parent: A Reproductive Justice Approach to Reproductive Rights, Fertility, and Family-Building Issues Facing Transgender People Laura Nixon Repository Citation Laura Nixon, The Right to (Trans) Parent: A Reproductive Justice Approach to Reproductive Rights, Fertility, and Family-Building Issues Facing Transgender People, 20 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 73 (2013), http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl/vol20/iss1/5 Copyright c 2014 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl THE RIGHT TO (TRANS) PARENT: A REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE APPROACH TO REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS, FERTILITY, AND FAMILY-BUILDING ISSUES FACING TRANSGENDER PEOPLE LAURA NIXON* INTRODUCTION I. FINDING A THEORETICAL AND MOVEMENT HOME FOR ISSUES AT THE INTERSECTION OF REPRODUCTION AND GENDER IDENTITY A. Where are Transgender Reproductive Health Issues in the LGBT Movement? B. The Reproductive Justice Approach C. Reproductive Injustice: The Logic and Residue of Eugenics in State Requirements to Change Gender Markers 1. The Importance of an Accurate Gender Designation in Documents for Everyday Life 2. The Question of Active and Passive Eugenics in Requirements to Change Gender Designation: Comparative Policies in the United States and Europe D. Reproductive Justice: Fertility Preservation and Family Building 1. Establishing Reproductive Desire 2. Fertility Preservation for Transgender People Within the Ambit of Reproductive Justice CONCLUSION Reproduction is not just a matter of individual choice. Reproductive health policy affects the status of entire groups. It reflects which people are valued in our society; who is deemed worthy to bear chil- dren and capable of making decisions for them- selves. -
Biological, Psychological, Social, and Legal Aspects of Trans Parenthood Based on a Real Case— a Literature Review
Review Biological, Psychological, Social, and Legal Aspects of Trans Parenthood Based on a Real Case— A Literature Review Maria-Elisa de Castro-Peraza 1, Jesús Manuel García-Acosta 2,*, Naira Delgado-Rodriguez 2, Maria Inmaculada Sosa-Alvarez 1, Rosa Llabrés-Solé 1, Carla Cardona-Llabrés 1 and Nieves Doria Lorenzo-Rocha 1 1 Faculty of Nursing N. S. Candelaria, University of La Laguna, 38010, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; [email protected] (M.E.C.-P.); [email protected] (M.I.S.-A.); [email protected] (R.L-S.); [email protected] (C.C-L.); [email protected] (N.D.L.-R.) 2 Faculty of Psychology, University of La Laguna, 38071, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-629-309-198 Received: 20 February 2019; Accepted: 11 March 2019; Published: 14 March 2019 Abstract: Trans men are people who, based on their genitals, were assigned the status of female at birth. However, their identity and their way of living gender do not correspond to the socially established norms. In this paper, we discuss the different perspectives in relation to transgender people and their desire for parenthood. This review, and the basis of this paper, is inspired by the case of a trans man who desired gestation with his own genetic material. He began the cycle of assisted reproduction when he was a legally recognized woman, but that attempt ended with a miscarriage. From that assisted reproduction cycle, four embryos remained frozen. After the failed experience of gestation, the person completed his transition. -
Pre-Teenage Transgender Children: Their Families and Education DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
Pre-teenage Transgender Children: Their Families and Education DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jamie Faulkner M.A. Graduate Program in Education: Teaching and Learning The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Mollie Blackburn, Advisor Cynthia Tyson Antoinette Errante Copyrighted by Jamie Faulkner 2015 Abstract This qualitative study focuses upon the experiences of pre-teenage transgender (PTT) children as they negotiate their identities with their families and educational institutions. PTT children are an at risk population in U.S. public schools and frequently experience a lack of support and understanding from their families. Transgender identities are often subsumed into the broader discourse of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) identities. The lack of awareness of and support for PTT children is a substantial problem within education and leads to problems such as verbal and physical harassment. This qualitative study has two principle foci. The first is to determine how an analysis of historical discourses of transgender informs our current understanding of this concept. Using a Foucauldian discourse analytical style it examines and questions the basis for transgender being categorized as a psychiatric condition. The second is to understand how PTT children negotiate their identities with their families and schools, and to see how their unique identities highlight gender inequities. These questions were addressed by analyzing the data in the interviews conducted with the study participants using Ahmed’s cultural politics of fear, Goffman’s stigma, and Connell’s doing transgender. The first foci area of this study found that transgender as a concept has been shaped more by normalizing heteronormative and cisnormative discourses than scientific facts, and that researchers should reflect the negative impact of discourses on transgender identities when conducting research. -
County of Sonoma Equal Employment Opportunity Policy and Complaint
COUNTY OF SONOMA EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY POLICY & COMPLAINT PROCEDURE Approved: Board of Supervisors Authority: Human Resources/County Administrator Revised Date: September 2016 SECTION I. PURPOSE A. To achieve equality of employment opportunities for all qualified persons without regard to race, color, ancestry, national origin, religious creed, belief or grooming, sex (including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, transgender, pregnancy, childbirth, medical conditions related to pregnancy, childbirth or breast feeding), marital status, age, medical condition, physical or mental disability, genetic information, military or veteran status, or any other legally protected category, in accordance with federal and state laws and County ordinances. B. To remove any artificial, arbitrary or unnecessary barriers to employment which operate to discriminate on the basis of race, color, ancestry, national origin, religious creed, belief or grooming, sex (including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, transgender, pregnancy, childbirth, medical conditions related to pregnancy, childbirth or breast feeding), marital status, age, medical condition, physical or mental disability, genetic information, military or veteran status, or any other legally protected category. C. To increase employment opportunities of all qualified persons by eliminating non job- related factors, conditions and requirements from all position specifications. D. To evaluate the County of Sonoma's (“the County of Sonoma” or “the County”) personnel activities so as to enable the County to take action, where appropriate, so as to achieve full utilization of persons in historically disadvantaged groups, where any deficiencies exist. E. To provide a timely, fair, thorough and impartial internal complaint system to resolve allegations of discrimination, harassment, or retaliation against the County of Sonoma or involving its employees, officers or affected third parties in violation of this policy. -
Medical Law Reporter
Medical law reporter Editor: Thomas Faunce* WHAT MAKES A REAL MAN? GENDER NORMS AND WESTERN AUSTRALIA v AH [2010] WASCA 172 In Western Australia v AH [2010] WASCA 172 the Western Australian Court of Appeal denied two female-to-male applicants for gender reassignment certificates the right to be legally recognised as men. In so doing, an opportunity was lost for Australia to be one of the first jurisdictions in the world to legally provide a reassignment of gender without requiring permanent sterilising surgery. This column examines not only the legal issues considered in the case but the broader ethical and human rights issues associated with denying female-to-male gender reassignment applicants who have not undergone a permanent sterilisation or genitalia alteration procedure, the right to be identified as males. INTRODUCTION In Western Australia v AH [2010] WASCA 172 an appeal was brought against a decision of the Western Australian Supreme Court following an appeal from a decision of the State Administrative Tribunal (the tribunal) which had overturned an earlier decision made by the Gender Reassignment Board of Western Australia (the board).1 Two applicants, AB and AH, were both registered as females at the time of their birth. After reaching majority, each applied under s 14(1) of the Gender Reassignment Act 2000 (WA) (the Act) for issue of a recognition certificate recognising their gender reassignment from female to male after each underwent testosterone treatment and a bilateral mastectomy. Neither had undergone a hysterectomy or phalloplasty. The board found that the applicants had satisfied all the criteria required by the Act to be eligible for the certificate except for the requirement that they have the “gender characteristics” of a male. -
Philosophia Program Draft
philoSOPHIA CONFERENCE PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS Memorial University, Signal Hill Campus, St. John’s, Newfoundland, May ?-AA PLEASE NOTE: Workshops are closed to everyone but presenters. Panels and plenary sessions are open to all. Thursday, May ? ":$$-&:$$ PM Registration (Atrium) PLENARY SESSION: LEE MARACLE (UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO) &:$$-):*$ PM “Decolonization, Continental Feminism, and Indigeneity” (B#$$W) Chair: Max Liboiron, Associate VP (Indigenous Research), Memorial University :*$-0$:$$ PM RECEPTION (B) Friday, May AJ :*$-1:*$ Registration (Atrium) and Coffee (B) PANEL : FEMINISM AND CONSENT (B#$$Wb) WORKSHOP A: FOUCAULT AND WYNTER: LUCINDA VANDERVORT, A PHILOSOPHICAL ENCOUNTER WITH “Conceptions of Individual and AND AGAINST THE HUMAN (B%$$%) Group Consent in the #%st Century” WORKSHOP COORDINATORS: CALEB WARD, “Locating Lynne Huffer and Taryn Jordan Responsibility to a Partner within PARTICIPANTS: Haylee Harrell, Ege Selin Structural Critiques of SeXual Consent” Islekel, Rebecca Longtin, Elaine Miller, ABBY KLUCHIN, “Feeling Willing: Toward Mukasa Mubirumusoke, an Intersubjective Theory of Consent” Elisabeth Paque_e Chair: Jordan Van Den Hoonaard :*$ AM– WORKSHOP B: FEMINIST (Memorial University) :*$ AM SOLIDARITIES (B%$$#) PANEL : TRANS SUBJECTIVITY (B%$$d) FLORENTIEN VERHAGE, “Surging FANNY SÖDERBÄCK, “Fantastic from the Wreckage of Colonialism” Antigones: Queer Deaths, Trans WHITNEY RONSHAGEN, “Eating Lives, and the Right to Grieve” Together as ‘World’-Travelling” JILL DROUILLARD, “The King Was MALIHEH DEYHIM (Graduate Student -
Reproductive Health and Fertility Among Transgender Adolescents: a Knowledge and Attitudes Survey
Yale University EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library School of Medicine 1-1-2018 Reproductive Health And Fertility Among Transgender Adolescents: A Knowledge And Attitudes Survey Aimee Alphonso Follow this and additional works at: https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdl Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Alphonso, Aimee, "Reproductive Health And Fertility Among Transgender Adolescents: A Knowledge And Attitudes Survey" (2018). Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library. 3367. https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdl/3367 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Medicine at EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. It has been accepted for inclusion in Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library by an authorized administrator of EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reproductive Health and Fertility among Transgender Adolescents: A Knowledge and Attitudes Survey A Thesis Submitted to the Yale University School of Medicine in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine by Aimee Alphonso 2018 Abstract The goal of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes of transgender adolescents regarding fertility and future parenthood. We developed and administered a cross-sectional questionnaire to a convenience sample of 23 transgender and gender non- conforming adolescents (mean age 16.2 ± 2.6) who attended the Yale Pediatric Gender Program between October 2016 and August 2017. Our results indicate that transgender adolescents have a basic understanding of reproductive health and fertility (mean total knowledge score of 3.78 ± 0.80 out of 5). -
General Editor's Introduction
General Editor’s Introduction PAISLEY CURRAH n the last decade, movements for transgender equality appear to have advanced I with astonishing speed, while other issues of concern to women’s movements have largely stalled, either making little progress (equal pay) or suffering real set- backs (abortion access). From policy reforms to public opinion trends, it seems that the situation has changed faster, and in a more positive direction, on issues char- acterized as “transgender rights” than it has on those understood as “women’s rights.” This apparent gap may be exacerbated in the United States: at the con- clusion of the culture wars of the last forty years, the almost inseparable bond between movements for sexual and gender freedom that marked liberationist discourse of the 1970s has been torn asunder, reconstituted through the logic of an identity politics that affirms the demands for recognition of sexual and gender minorities but finds the misogyny that still structures all women’s lives largely unintelligible, outside the scope of the liberal project of inclusion. One poll, for example, found that 72 percent of the millennial generation in the United States favor laws banning discrimination against transgender people—a proportion very close to the 73 percent who support protections for gay and lesbian people. But only 55 percent of this generation, born between 1980 and 2000, say abortion should be legal in all (22 percent) or some (33 percent) cases (Jones and Cox 2015: 42, 3). In a three-month period ending July 31, 2015, when this introduction was written, the New York Times editorial board came out in support of transgender issues seven times—and that number does not include the several almost uni- versally positive op-ed contributions published during the same period. -
Reproductive Options and Obstetrical Care for Transgender People
Reproductive Options and Obstetrical Care for Transgender People Rebekah P. Viloria MD Fenway Health Obstetrics & Gynecology September 23, 2018 Objectives . Describe effect of hormone affirming therapy on reproductive function . Review fertility preserving and family building options . Overview of transmen experience with pregnancy and infant feeding choices 2 Disclosure . None 3 Case Vignette: Transgender Pregnancy . 27 y.o. G1P0 transgender man with +home pregnancy test . No testosterone x 1 year with return of spontaneous monthly menses . Restarted testosterone injection; last injection within 4 weeks of +HPT 4 Initial Visit . Cisgender male partner present . Desired pregnancy . Symptoms since LMP: amenorrhea, nausea, nipple sensitivity . Desired scheduled Cesarean delivery 5 History . Past Medical History . ADD, Depression . Hormone disorder . Obesity (BMI=33) . Past Surgical History . Top surgery, 2010 . Social History . Married . No tobacco, alcohol or drugs . College graduate 6 Prenatal Labs/Imaging . A+, neg ab, RI, HepBsAg neg, HIV neg, RPR NR, Gc/ch neg, CF screen neg, Urine cx neg . Normal Hgb a1c, liver function tests . Declined screening for chromosomal abnormalities . Normal fetal survey . Elevated GLT, normal 3hr GTT 7 Pregnancy Events . Total weight gain: 21# . 38 weeks: Elevated blood pressures 139/93, 142/85 . Trace proteinuria, normal pre-eclampsia labs . Primary elective Cesarean delivery for gestation hypertension . Female bodied baby to NICU for TTN 8 Postpartum Course . Incision healing well . EPDS=17, encouraged transparenting support group . Bottlefeeding . Condoms for contraception . Happy with parenthood . Restarted Testosterone 9 10 Reproductive Wish . Survey of 50 transmen after GRS . 22% participants already had children . 8 had partners conceived with donor sperm . 3 conceived prior to GRS . 54% were interested in having children at time of study .