Summary Details of Sites of International Importance in SEA Area 1

Appendix E E1

Figure E.1 International Designations in SEA Area 1

Appendix E E2

Table E.1 Summary Details of Relevant Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in SEA Area 1

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Garron Point 15.58 Primary: N/A Primary: Narrow- Use by the public; Signage informing users of UK0030356 Qualifying: N/A mouthed whorl snail geologists, and people snail colonies. The 02 10 08 W Vertigo angustior conducting information introduction of livestock may Qualifying: N/A recreation. Changing be advantageous provided 56 59 00 N pattern of grazing by erosion does not take place, rabbits and roe deer which should be ensured may be problematic. through a management Parts of the site may be agreement. vulnerable to certain forms of marine oil pollution and rising sea- levels.

Craigengar 37.31 Primary: N/A Primary: Marsh Drainage operations. Continuation of low-intensity UK0012577 Qualifying: European dry saxifrage Saxifraga grazing. 03 28 30 W heaths, Species-rich hirculus 55 46 20 N Nardus grassland, on Qualifying: N/A siliceous substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in continental Europe)

Dunkeld– 428.09 Primary: Oligotrophic to Primary: Slender Nutrient inputs. Dependent on maintaining Blairgowrie mesotrophic standing naiad Najas flexilis Quaking bogs and low levels of dissolved Lochs waters with vegetation of Qualifying: Otter transition mire can nutrients. UK0012638 the Littorelletea uniflorae Lutra lutra sustain only low levels 03 33 15 W and/or of the Isoëto- of physical disturbance Nanojuncetea and require high water 56 34 30 N Qualifying: Transition table mires and quaking bogs

River Tweed 3,797.41 Primary: Water courses Primary: Atlantic Pollution, acidification Water Framework Directive, UK0012691 of plain to montane levels salmon Salmo salar, and eutrophication, River Tweed Catchment 02 47 30 W with the Ranunculion otter Lutra lutra river-works and Management Plan, SEPA fluitantis and Callitricho- bankside management, and EA management. 55 36 00 N Qualifying: Sea Batrachion vegetation lamprey Petromyzon genetic pollution and Qualifying: N/A marinus, brook disease, abstraction lamprey Lampetra and impoundment planeri, river lamprey management. Lampetra fluviatilis

Flanders 1,073.58 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage. Part of site is a National Mosses bogs *Priority feature, Qualifying: N/A Nature Reserve (NNR). UK0012902 degraded raised bogs still Management Agreement in 04 12 00 W capable of natural place for programme of regeneration ditch-blocking and scrub 56 09 30 N Qualifying: N/A removal.

Barry Links 789.69 Primary: Embryonic Primary: N/A Overgrazing. Joint MoD/SNH Concordat UK0013044 shifting dunes, shifting Qualifying: N/A includes grazing 02 45 00 W dunes along the shoreline management, an SSSI and with Ammophila arenaria scrub management plan. 56 28 45 N (`white dunes`), fixed There is also an active dunes with herbaceous Conservation Group. vegetation (`grey dunes`) *Priority feature, Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes (Calluno-Ulicetea) *Priority feature, humid dune slacks Qualifying: N/A

Appendix E E3

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Clyde Valley 434.66 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A Non-native tree and NNR management plan to Woods forests of slopes, screes Qualifying: N/A shrub species invasion. encourage native broad- leaved woodlands. UK0013089 and ravines *Priority Overgrazing, feature uncontrolled dumping 03 47 50 W Qualifying: N/A of refuse. 55 43 00 N

Loch Lomond 1,454.33 Primary: Old sessile oak Primary: N/A Non-native tree and Woodland Grant Schemes, Woods woods with Ilex and shrub species invasion. NNR management plan. Qualifying: Otter Overgrazing. UK0013573 Blechnum in the British Lutra lutra Isles 04 40 45 W Qualifying: N/A 56 12 00 N

Lendalfoot 1,309.71 Primary: Species-rich Primary: N/A Changes in agricultural Dependent on differing Hills Complex Nardus grassland, on Qualifying: N/A practices (e.g. artificial grazing and management fertilisers). UK0013592 siliceous substrates in regimes. Approximately mountain areas (and 50% of site covered by 04 53 15 W submountain areas in management agreements. 55 11 29 N continental Europe) *Priority feature, alkaline fens Qualifying: Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix, European dry heaths, calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae, transition mires and quaking bogs

Whitlaw and 40.71 Primary: Transition mires Primary: Slender Agricultural activity Whitlaw is a NNR and Branxholme and quaking bogs green feather-moss accelerating rate of Branxholme subject to a Management Agreement. UK0013594 Qualifying: Alkaline fens Drepanocladus change in wetland sites (Hamatocaulis) from open water 02 47 38 W vernicosus through fen to carr woodland. 55 33 00 N Qualifying: N/A

Bankhead 32.5 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Overgrazing. Owned by MOD and Moss, Beith bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A situated on a Royal Naval UK0019756 Qualifying: N/A Armaments Depot, and is therefore well protected 04 38 00 W from any damage. 55 43 10 N

Black Loch 108.42 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, burning, Management agreement to Moss bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A overgrazing. conserve and promote diversity of peatland plant UK0019757 Qualifying: Degraded communities. Restricts 03 50 00 W raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration activities such as drainage 55 54 20 N and burning and controls grazing levels.

Blawhorn 109 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, fires. NNR Management Plan Moss bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A addresses potential problems such as fires. UK0019758 Qualifying: Degraded Installation of dams and 03 47 00 W raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration drain-blocks on all the 55 53 40 N manmade drains and erosion gullies.

Appendix E E4

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Braehead 122.6 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Overgrazing. NNR Management Plan. Moss bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A UK0019759 Qualifying: Degraded 03 39 30 W raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration 55 44 40 N

Coalburn Moss 224.32 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, non-native Several Management bogs *Priority feature UK0019760 Qualifying: N/A tree species and scrub Agreements are either in encroachment. Qualifying: Degraded place or being negotiated 03 51 50 W which include the removal of raised bogs still capable of 55 36 15 N natural regeneration coniferous woodland and invading scrub, and the blockage of drains.

Cockinhead 48.4 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, invasive tree Part of this raised bog Moss bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A scrub, fires, peat covered by a Management extraction. UK0019761 Qualifying: Degraded Agreement to conserve and promote the development of 04 36 30 W raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration the range of peatland 55 42 10 N habitats.

Cranley Moss 101.27 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, invasive tree Management Agreements to bogs *Priority feature UK0019762 Qualifying: N/A scrub, fires, peat conserve and promote the extraction. development of the diversity Qualifying: Degraded 03 40 30 W of peatland habitats. raised bogs still capable of 55 42 30 N natural regeneration

Dykeneuk 61.64 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, invasive tree Management Agreement Moss bogs *Priority feature scrub, over-grazing. Qualifying: N/A covers about 40% of site UK0019763 Qualifying: Degraded and makes provision for the maintenance of fences, the 04 37 50 W raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration damming of drains and the 55 41 20 N removal of trees or scrub.

Waukenwae 155.49 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, invasive tree Management Agreements to Moss bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A scrub, over-grazing, restrict the use of fertilisers, fires. pesticides and agricultural UK0019765 Qualifying: Degraded activities thought to have a 04 05 54 W raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration damaging impact (e.g. 55 44 00 N drainage, burning, grazing).

North Shotts 53.36 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, invasive tree Present management Moss bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A scrub, over-grazing, compatible with the nature fires. conservation interests. UK0019768 Qualifying: Degraded Monitoring is ongoing to 03 47 54 W raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration ensure long-term favourable 55 49 50 N condition of the bog.

Kirkcowan 777.57 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, invasive tree Management Agreement to Flow bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A scrub, over-grazing, conserve the active blanket fires. bog. Controls grazing, UK0019813 Qualifying: Degraded drainage and muirburn. 04 44 10 W raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration 55 00 10 N

Appendix E E5

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Endrick Water 239.11 Primary: N/A Primary: Brook Point and diffuse Development of a river UK0019840 Qualifying: N/A lamprey Lampetra sources of pollution not conservation strategy during planeri, river lamprey thought significant. 2001/2002 under the 04 24 00 W Lampetra fluviatilis Gravel extraction. ’Safeguarding Natura Rivers 56 03 20 N Qualifying: Atlantic in the UK’ LIFE Project, salmon Salmo salar which addressed all the management issues on the river including gravel extraction.

Merrick Kells 8,698.3 Primary: Northern Atlantic Primary: N/A Overgrazing Small part of site is a NNR UK0019841 wet heaths with Erica Qualifying: Otter but SNH has recommended tetralix, siliceous alpine expansion of this to cover a Lutra lutra 04 26 45 W and boreal grasslands, larger part of the SAC under 55 08 00 N blanket bogs *Priority Forest Enterprise feature ownership. Qualifying: Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto- Nanojuncetea, natural dystrophic lakes and ponds, European dry heaths, depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion, siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani), siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation

Borders woods 53.23 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A No details. Scottish Wildlife Trust and UK0030094 forests of slopes, screes Qualifying: N/A SNH with various and ravines *Priority management agreements 02 39 45 W feature with landowners for about 55 34 50 N Qualifying: N/A 65% of the site. Integrity of the remaining 35% supported by connection with similar undesignated woodlands.

Craighall 53.59 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A Invasion of exotic tree Uncontrolled spread of Gorge and shrub species. forests of slopes, screes Qualifying: N/A regenerating exotic trees UK0030123 and ravines *Priority and rhododendron is being feature assessed. Management 03 20 45 W Qualifying: N/A under a Woodland Grant 56 37 10 N Scheme.

Upper 152.47 Primary: Old sessile oak Primary: N/A Invasion of non-native Comrie Woods subject to species. Strathearn woods with Ilex and Qualifying: N/A Management Agreement Oakwoods Blechnum in the British with SNH and Drummond UK0030125 Isles Wood subject to a Qualifying: N/A Woodland Grant Scheme 03 51 54 W contract with Forestry 56 20 38 N Commission.

Appendix E E6

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Dogden Moss 156.73 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage. Aims to ensure water levels UK0030136 bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A not reduced by any draining of the moss. 02 30 10 W Qualifying: N/A 55 44 15 N

Dun Moss and 469.96 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, grazing, Blocking of drains is being bogs *Priority feature muirburn. Forest of Alyth Qualifying: N/A considered. Agri- Mires Qualifying: N/A environment schemes UK0030152 promote positive management over part of 03 20 42 W the site. 56 42 00 N

Galloway 355.1 Primary: Old sessile oak Primary: N/A Invasion of exotic Removal of exotic species, Oakwoods woods with Ilex and Qualifying: N/A species, recreational underplanting and pressure. UK0030153 Blechnum in the British encouragement of Isles regeneration. Work being 04 31 45 W Qualifying: N/A carried out by private 55 00 30 N owners/occupiers, Forest Enterprise, RSPB and SWT.

Glenartney 101.74 Primary: Juniperus Primary: N/A Overgrazing. Very little regeneration of Juniper Wood communis formations on Qualifying: N/A juniper is taking place due to UK0030156 heaths or calcareous grazing by sheep, cattle, grasslands rabbits and deer. 04 00 05 W Qualifying: N/A Experimental management 56 20 15 N needs to be carried out to try and redress this.

Isle of May 356.75 Primary: N/A Primary: Grey seal Recreational pressure NNR owned and managed and disturbance. UK0030172 Qualifying: Reefs Halichoerus grypus by SNH which ensures Qualifying: N/A adequate protection for 02 34 25 W nature conservation. Visitor 56 11 25 N pressure concentrated out with seal-breeding season.

Kippenrait 61.56 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A Overgrazing, invasion Woodland Grant Scheme in Glen forests of slopes, screes Qualifying: N/A of non-native species, operation over a part of the UK0030177 and ravines *Priority landslides. woodland that includes feature removal of sycamore and 03 56 50 W Qualifying: N/A Rhododendron. Impacts of 56 10 30 N roe deer will be assessed.

Methven Moss 83.7 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage and scrub Restoration of site’s bogs *Priority feature encroachment. UK0030204 Qualifying: N/A hydrology is a priority to prevent further drying of the Qualifying: Degraded 03 36 10 W moss and invasion by birch raised bogs still capable of 56 23 30 N natural regeneration scrub.

Moffat Hills 2,891.92 Primary: Alpine and Primary: N/A Overgrazing. Agri-environment measures UK0030208 Boreal heaths, siliceous Qualifying: N/A available and management alpine and boreal of feral goat herds is being 03 20 00 W grasslands addressed. 55 24 30 N Qualifying: European dry heaths, hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels, blanket bogs *Priority feature,

Appendix E E7

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani), calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation, siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation

Moorfoot Hills 8,498.99 Primary: European dry Primary: N/A Grouse management, Managed for both UK0030215 heaths, blanket bogs Qualifying: N/A sheep grazing and commercial and wildlife *Priority feature muirburn. interests, with light to 03 01 00 W Qualifying: N/A moderate grazing desired 55 42 25 N and appropriate muirburn.

Airds Moss 1,359.33 Primary: Blanket bogs Primary: N/A Overgrazing. Agreements being UK0030218 *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A negotiated to reduce grazing Qualifying: N/A pressure, and for phased 04 11 50 W removal of a conifer 55 30 10 N plantation.

Pitkeathly 61.49 Primary: N/A Primary: Slender Overgrazing. Grazing by cattle subject to Mires green feather-moss monitoring. Qualifying: Transition UK0030239 mires and quaking bogs Drepanocladus (Hamatocaulis) 03 26 40 W vernicosus 56 18 45 N Qualifying: N/A

86.36 Primary: N/A Primary: Great No details. Maintaining great crested Turflundie Qualifying: N/A crested newt Triturus newt population may require Wood cristatus creation and restoration of UK0030240 Qualifying: N/A ponds, removal of trees shading ponds, and 03 18 00 W management of the 56 18 50 N woodlands.

River South 478.62 Primary: N/A Primary: Freshwater Activities within Livestock exclusion and Esk Qualifying: N/A pearl mussel catchment, water riparian habitat promotion UK0030262 Margaritifera quality, river will improve environmental margaritifera, Atlantic engineering. conditions and assist 02 55 00 W salmon Salmo salar population recovery of 56 42 10 N Qualifying: N/A salmon and freshwater mussels.

River Teith 1,312.4 Primary: N/A Primary: Sea Few significant threats. Gravel extraction and river UK0030263 Qualifying: N/A lamprey Petromyzon Water quality generally engineering will be marinus, brook high. addressed using practice 04 17 15 W lamprey Lampetra and advice generated by 56 17 00 N planeri, river lamprey SNH Research contracts on Lampetra fluviatilis the Endrick Water SAC and by the ’Safeguarding Natura Qualifying: Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Rivers in the UK’ LIFE Project.

Shelforkie 111.37 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Inappropriate grazing. Encroachment by birch and bogs *Priority feature UK0030272 Qualifying: N/A Scots pine will be monitored and removed if necessary. 03 50 30 W Qualifying: Degraded raised bogs still capable of 56 16 00 N natural regeneration

Appendix E E8

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Shingle Islands 77.9 Primary: Alluvial forests Primary: N/A Under-grazing, invasion Expansion of alluvial forest UK0030274 with Alnus glutinosa and Qualifying: N/A of non-native species. requires a balance with the Fraxinus excelsior (Alno- conservation of nationally 03 39 50 W Padion, Alnion incanae, important, open-ground, 56 38 30 N Salicion albae) *Priority botanical interests. feature Qualifying: N/A

Threepwood 53.29 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, scrub Main aim to increase the Moss bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A encroachment. water levels within the moss through damming of drains, UK0030288 Qualifying: Degraded removal of scrub and the 02 46 00 W raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration introduction of low-intensity 55 40 30 N grazing.

Trossachs 374.94 Primary: Old sessile oak Primary: N/A Invasive species, deer 50% covered by Woodland Woods over-grazing. woods with Ilex and Qualifying: N/A Grant Scheme for UK0030290 Blechnum in the British maintenance of Atlantic Isles Oakwood. Forest 04 25 15 W Qualifying: N/A Enterprise manage parts 56 14 10 N according to plan approved by SNH.

Tynron Juniper 6.67 Primary: Juniperus Primary: N/A Rabbit over-grazing, Rabbit control fencing and Wood invasive species. communis formations on Qualifying: N/A herbicide application to UK0030294 heaths or calcareous control bracken is being grasslands carried out to address 03 50 35 W potential threats. Qualifying: N/A 55 12 50 N

Upper 98.38 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A Overgrazing, invasive Grazing controls and species. Nithsdale forests of slopes, screes Qualifying: N/A fencing. Control of bracken Woods and ravines *Priority invasion using methods UK0030297 feature designed to protect associated water bodies. 03 52 00 W Qualifying: N/A 55 21 25 N

Firth of Tay 15,412.53 Primary: Estuaries Primary: Common Recreational pressure Tentsmuir Point is a NNR and Eden seal Phoca vitulina and disturbance. and parts of the Eden Qualifying: Sandbanks Estuary Estuary and Inner Tay which are slightly covered Qualifying: N/A UK0030311 by sea water all the time, Estuary are Local Nature Reserves. 02 57 00 W mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at 56 22 00 N low tide

River Tay 9,497.72 Primary: N/A Primary: Atlantic Catchment Monitoring and survey will salmon Salmo salar UK0030312 Qualifying: Oligotrophic management, water inform appropriate abstraction, hydro- management of those to mesotrophic standing Qualifying: Sea 04 05 00 W schemes, fish farming. activities which the site may waters with vegetation of lamprey Petromyzon be vulnerable to. 56 34 00 N the Littorelletea uniflorae marinus, brook and/or of the Isoëto- lamprey Lampetra Nanojuncetea planeri, river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis, otter Lutra lutra

Appendix E E9

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Peeswit Moss 52.98 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, peat Current management UK0030313 bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A extraction and unlikely to cause further muirburn. damage to the site. Overall Qualifying: Degraded 03 03 00 W aim to stem the decline in raised bogs still capable of 55 47 00 N natural regeneration extent and condition of the remaining viable raised bog resource.

Red Moss of 92.53 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Drainage, peat Large part owned by the Netherley bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A extraction, muirburn, SWT which developing a over-grazing, management plan to include 02 14 00 W Qualifying: Degraded raised bogs still capable of prospecting for restorative management 57 02 10 N minerals. such as ditch-blocking. natural regeneration

West 33.83 Primary: Blanket bogs Primary: N/A Drainage, peat digging SNH currently developing and muirburn. Fannyside *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A management scheme Moss Qualifying: N/A entitled Natural Care. UK0030316 Overall purpose to stem the decline in extent and 03 55 05 W condition of remaining viable 55 56 00 N blanket bog resource.

Appendix E E10

Table E.2 Summary Details of Relevant Special Protection Areas (SPAs) in SEA Area 1

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Renfrewshire 8,943.24 During the breeding N/A Breeding hen harriers The Regional Park, with Heights season: are thus potentially a dedicated countryside UK9020295 Hen harrier Circus vulnerable to ranger service, disturbance from presents opportunities 04 45 00 W cyaneus recreational activities, to educate users and 55 50 30 N although these are manage access in ways largely confined to that minimise potential established risks to hen harriers. tracks/paths. Hen The Renfrewshire harriers may face Heights Moorland habitat loss through Management Scheme poor land/agricultural helps the control of any management, heather habitat damage. loss, peat erosion poor Harrier numbers are muirburn, overgrazing monitored by the South and the spread of Strathclyde Raptor bracken. Study Group.

Slamannan Plateau 591.32 Over winter: N/A Subject to development Damaging changes in UK9004441 Bean Goose Anser pressure, including part controlled by 04 01 10 W fabalis fabalis proposed housing, wind provisions of The turbines and sewage Nature Conservation 55 59 48 N sludge disposal. (Scotland) Act 2004, Forestry has reduced and through the potential feeding areas. ‘Slamannan Plateau Peat milling has ceased Bean Goose though may Management Scheme.’ recommence. Some This scheme is closed recreational though hoped that the disturbance. prescriptions of the scheme will be incorporated in the Scotland Rural Development Programme.

Fowlsheugh 1,303.54 N/A During the breeding No significant threat at Managed as nature UK9002271 season: present. reserve by RSPB. 02 11 45 W Guillemot Uria aalge 56 54 45 N Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla Razorbill Alca torda

Loch Lomond 510.49 During the breeding N/A Disturbance from water Managed under Nature UK9003021 season: sports/fishing Reserve Agreements 04 30 30 W Capercaillie Tetrao monitored. Water with owners. urogallus abstraction. Removal 56 03 45 N of exotic species. Over winter: Greenland white-fronted goose Anser albifrons

Inner Clyde Estuary 1,826.02 N/A Over winter: Industrial activity from Contingency plan in UK9003061 Redshank Tringa container terminal and place for oil spills. petroleum storage Water quality 04 38 00 W totanus facility. improving, may 55 56 50 N influence site productivity - strategy for monitoring future changes.

Appendix E E11

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Black Cart 56.3 Over winter: N/A Water quality changes, Management plan for bird strikes at airport. land north of the river is UK9003221 Whooper swan Cygnus cygnus being drawn up. Airport 04 26 20 W abuts southern 55 52 45 N boundary – presence of birds noted in pilot flight information.

Muirkirk and North 26,330.31 During the breeding N/A Habitat degradation, Moorland Management Lowther Uplands season: loss of heather and Scheme currently being peat erosion. developed. UK9003261 Golden plover Pluvialis 04 04 35 W apricaria, hen harrier Circus cyaneus, merlin 55 30 35 N Falco columbarius, peregrine Falco peregrinus, short-eared owl Asio flammeus Over winter: Hen harrier Circus cyaneus

Glen App-Galloway 8,942.38 During the breeding N/A Heather habitat ESA agri-environment Moors season: fragmentation, over- scheme may result in grazing. more beneficial grazing UK9003351 Hen harrier Circus patterns and SNH cyaneus 04 56 30 W developing Moorland 55 00 20 N Management Scheme.

Montrose Basin 986.6 N/A Over winter: Wildfowling. Management Agreements, SSSI UK9004031 Greylag goose Anser procedures and 02 30 20 W anser, knot Calidris canutus, pink-footed management of the Local Nature Reserve. 56 42 40 N goose Anser brachyrhynchus, redshank Tringa totanus, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 54,930 individual waterfowl including: pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus, greylag goose Anser anser, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, knot Calidris canutus, redshank Tringa totanus.

Loch of Kinnordy 85.09 N/A Over winter: Recreation pressure – RSPB manages the site wildfowling, angling. as a wildlife reserve. UK9004051 Greylag goose Anser 03 02 40 W anser, pink-footed goose Anser 56 40 30 N brachyrhynchus

Appendix E E12

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Loch Leven 1,611.81 Over winter: Over winter: Eutrophication, water NNR managed by SNH quality issues, shoreline through a Nature UK9004111 Whooper swan Cygnus Pink-footed goose erosion, invasive Reserve Agreement, 03 22 30 W cygnus Anser brachyrhynchus, shoveler Anas clypeata aquatic plants. bylaws, liaison with 56 11 48 N Recreation pressure – landowners and the Assemblage fishing, bird watching presence of wardening qualification: and wildfowling. staff. Over winter, the area regularly supports 34,280 individual waterfowl including: whooper swan Cygnus cygnus, pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus, shoveler Anas clypeata

Firth of Tay and 6,923.29 During the breeding Over winter: Recreation disturbance. NNR with management Eden Estuary season: Jet planes have plan and resident Greylag goose Anser warden. UK9004121 Little tern Sterna anser, pink-footed crossed site for many years with no apparent albifrons, marsh harrier goose Anser 03 05 00 W effect. Circus aeruginosus brachyrhynchus, 56 24 30 N Over winter: redshank Tringa tetanus Bar-tailed godwit

Limosa lapponica Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 48,000 individual waterfowl including: Velvet scoter Melanitta fusca, pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus, greylag goose Anser anser, redshank Tringa totanus, cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, eider Somateria mollissima, bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica, common scoter Melanitta nigra, black- tailed godwit Limosa limosa, goldeneye Bucephala clangula, red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator, goosander Mergus merganser, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, sanderling Calidris alba, dunlin Calidris alpina, long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis.

Appendix E E13

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Cameron Reservoir 68.76 N/A Over winter: Proposed No details. decommissioning of UK9004131 Pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus reservoir as public 02 51 12 W water supply. 56 17 32 N

Forth Islands 9,796.98 During the breeding During the breeding Recreation pressure. Isle of May is a NNR UK9004171 season: season: managed by SNH. Fidra, The Lamb and common tern Sterna Razorbill Alca torda, 02 33 20 W Inchmickery are hirundo, roseate tern puffin Fratercula 56 11 10 N Sterna dougallii, arctica, lesser black- managed by RSPB while Long Craig Island sandwich tern Sterna backed gull Larus is managed by the Fife sandvicensis fuscus, gannet Morus bassanus, shag Bird Club and the Scottish Wildlife Trust. Phalacrocorax aristotelis, cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, guillemot Uria aalge.

Gladhouse 186.41 N/A Over winter: Recreation pressure Site managed as public Reservoir (shooting/angling), water supply but SNH Pink-footed goose mink. inputs into advisory UK9004231 Anser brachyrhynchus committee which 03 06 00 W Assemblage manages water levels qualification: 55 47 10 N and levels of Over winter, the area shooting/angling. regularly supports 3,124 individual waterfowl including: Pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus.

Fala Flow 318.04 N/A Over winter: Potential recreation Blanket bog habitat disturbance. protected through SSSI UK9004241 Pink-footed goose mechanisms. 02 54 20 W Anser brachyrhynchus 55 49 00 N

Westwater 49.77 N/A Over winter: Water quality issues Loch managed as a public water supply. UK9004251 Pink-footed goose (eutrophication), recreation pressure, Anser brachyrhynchus 03 24 30 W shooting. 55 45 30 N Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 31,465 individual waterfowl including: Pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus.

Forest of Clunie 19,349.38 During the breeding N/A New afforestation Moorland Management season: UK9004381 proposals, egg Incentive Scheme has collecting. been developed. 03 35 00 W Hen harrier Circus cyaneus, 56 40 00 N merlin Falco columbarius,

Appendix E E14

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

osprey Pandion haliaetus, short-eared owl Asio flammeus

South Tayside 331.01 N/A During the breeding Water level changes, Management Goose Roosts season: recreation disturbance. agreement over water UK9004401 Wigeon Anas penelope levels in Drummond Loch. 03 50 00 W Over winter: 56 15 54 N Greylag goose Anser anser, pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus

Firth of Forth 6,313.72 Over winter: Over winter: Oil and other industrial Emergency contingency developments plans in place to UK9004411 red-throated diver Gavia pink-footed goose stellata, oystercatcher Anser brachyrhynchus, concentrated along the minimise impact of any 02 53 00 W shore. Localised industrial incident. Haematopus turnstone Arenaria tipping. Potential for rising sea 56 01 00 N ostralegus, bar-tailed interpres, knot Calidris godwit Limosa canutus, redshank levels to remove important habitats with lapponica, golden Tringa totanus, coastal realignment plover Pluvialis shelduck Tadorna schemes planned. apricaria, Slavonian tadorna, grebe Podiceps auritus Assemblage On passage: qualification: Sandwich tern Sterna Over winter, the area sandvicensis regularly supports 95,000 individual waterfowl including: red-throated diver Gavia stellata, great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus, Slavonian grebe Podiceps auritus, cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, wigeon Anas penelope, mallard Anas platyrhynchos, scaup Aythya marila, eider Somateria mollissima, long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis, common scoter Melanitta nigra, velvet scoter Melanitta fusca, goldeneye Bucephala clangula, red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, golden plover Pluvialis apricaria, grey plover Pluvialis

Appendix E E15

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

squatarola, lapwing Vanellus vanellus, knot Calidris canutus, dunlin Calidris alpina, bar- tailed godwit Limosa lapponica, curlew Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus, turnstone Arenaria interpres.

Appendix E E16

Table E.3 Summary Details of Relevant Ramsar Sites in SEA Area 1

Code/Location Name Area (ha) Description Criteria* Adverse Factors

UK13005 Cameron 68.76 Artificial mesotrophic loch with beds of aquatic and 6 No factors reported Reservoir 02 51 12 W marginal vegetation. Open water used as a roost by an internationally important wintering population of 56 17 32 N pink-footed geese.

UK13015 Fala Flow 318.04 Blanket mire, with some pools, developed at a lower 6 No factors reported 02 54 20 W altitude than most blanket mires in Midlothian. Mire and pools support an internationally important 55 49 00 N goose roost.

UK13017 Firth of 6,313.68 Complex of estuaries, mudflats, rocky shorelines, 5, 6 No factors reported 02 53 00 W Forth beaches and saltmarshes. Adjacent urban and industrial areas. Important for a large number of 56 01 00 N wintering waders and wildfowl.

UK13018 Firth of 6,918.42 Extensive invertebrate-rich intertidal mudflats and 5, 6 Introduction/invasion 03 05 00 W Tay and sandflats created by the massive sediment load flora Eden deposited by the River Tay. Large areas of reedbed 56 24 30 E Estuary and sand-dune and a small amount of saltmarsh. Important assemblages of wintering and breeding waterfowl. Abertay Sands important as a major haul-out site for grey and common seals.

UK13021 Gladhouse 186.41 Reservoir built for public water supply, with limited 6 No factors reported Reservoir 03 06 00 W aquatic and emergent vegetation. Largest freshwater body in the Lothians and surrounded by 55 47 10 N both coniferous and mixed woodland and grassland. Internationally important winter roost for pink-footed goose.

UK13024 Inner 1,824.92 Long, narrow, heavily industrialised estuary. Almost 6 No factors reported 04 38 00 W Clyde the entire site consists of tidal mudflat with a Estuary shoreline of unmanaged semi-natural coastal 55 56 50 N vegetation. Saltmarsh is also present.

UK13033 Loch 1,611.81 Largest naturally eutrophic loch in the British Isles. 5, 6, 1 No factors reported Leven 03 22 30 W Relatively shallow and is surrounded by farmland, with a diverse aquatic flora and shoreline 56 11 48 N vegetation. Supports internationally important wintering populations of pink-footed geese and shoveler.

UK13034 Loch 236.9 Marshy hinterland around the lower reaches of the 6, 3 No factors reported Lomond 04 30 30 W River Endrick where it flows into Loch Lomond, and four islands in the loch. Supports several species of 56 03 45 N nationally scarce plants, and the slow-moving river and lagoons are especially rich in aquatic invertebrates. The area is noted for its wintering waterfowl and supports an internationally important population of Greenland white-fronted geese.

UK13038 Loch of 85.09 Eutrophic loch with associated wetland 1, 6, 2 No factors reported 03 02 40 W Kinnordy communities, notably basin mire, swamp and fen. Formally drained. Carr woodlands include willow, 56 40 30 N alder and birch communities. Range of grassland types present. Roost for internationally important numbers of geese.

Appendix E E17

Code/Location Name Area (ha) Description Criteria* Adverse Factors

UK13046 Montrose 984.62 Enclosed estuary of the South Esk containing areas 5, 1, 6 No factors reported Basin 02 30 20 W of mudflat, marsh and agricultural land, and Dun's Dish, a small eutrophic freshwater loch. Site 56 42 40 N important internationally for wintering populations of pink-footed goose, greylag goose and common redshank.

UK13057 South 331.01 Comprises seven lochs, a number of smaller water 6 No factors reported 03 50 00 W Tayside bodies and other wetland habitats. Internationally Goose important as a roost for greylag geese and pink- 56 15 54 N Roosts footed geese.

UK13060 Westwater 49.77 Artificial reservoir located 320m above sea level in 6, 5 No factors reported 03 24 30 W the Pentland Hills. Regularly provides winter roost for large numbers of wildfowl. In winter large 55 45 30 N numbers pink-footed geese.

Note: Ramsar criteria:* 1. sites containing representative, rare or unique wetland types 2. supports vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered species or threatened ecological communities 3. supports populations of plant/animal species important for maintaining regional biodiversity 4. supports plant/animal species at a critical stage in their life cycles, or provides refuge 5. regularly supports 20,000 or more waterbirds 6. regularly supports 1% of the individuals in a population of one species/subspecies of waterbirds 8. important source of food for fishes, spawning ground, nursery and/or migration path

Appendix E E18

Summary Details of Sites of International Importance in SEA Area 2

Figure E.2 International Designations in SEA Area 2

Appendix E E19

Table E.4 Summary Details of Relevant Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in SEA Area 2

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

The 601.46 Primary: European dry Primary: N/A Lack of management, Traditional heather heaths Stiperstones Qualifying: N/A scrub encroachment, moorland management with and The Hollies overgrazing and rotational burning or cutting Qualifying: Old sessile UK0012810 oak woods with Ilex and deterioration of the supplemented by light heathland interest. grazing. Part of the site is 02 55 24 W Blechnum in the British Isles Neglect and grazing of managed as a NNR and 52 35 57 N the coppiced woods management agreements has led to deterioration and ESA payments help in the woodland maintain private areas. interest. Traditional woodland management has been reinstated as part of the NNR management.

Ensor’s Pool 3.8 Primary: N/A Primary: White-clawed Pollution and Managed as a Local Nature Reserve. UK0012646 Qualifying: N/A (or Atlantic stream) introduction of non- crayfish native crayfish, 01 29 11 W Austropotamobius through uncontrolled 52 20 33 N pallipes access. Qualifying: N/A

Cannock 5.47 Primary: N/A Primary: Floating Recreational pressure, No details. Extension Qualifying: N/A water-plantain surface water run-off Canal Luronium natans from roads may cause UK0012672 Qualifying: N/A reduction in water quality. 01 58 14 W 52 38 59 N

Ingleborough 5,769.28 Primary: Juniperus Primary: N/A Overgrazing, removal Wildlife Enhancement Complex communis formations on Qualifying: N/A of limestone Scheme and other forms of UK0012782 heaths or calcareous pavement, limestone agri-environmental grasslands, alkaline fens, quarrying. agreement being used to 02 22 25 W calcareous rocky slopes promote appropriate 54 09 36 N with chasmophytic management. Limestone vegetation, limestone Pavement Orders. pavements * Priority feature Qualifying: Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia), Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae), blanket bogs *Priority feature, petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) * Priority feature, Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines *Priority feature

Appendix E E20

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Pasturefields 7.7 Primary: Inland salt Primary: N/A Water abstraction. Managed by Staffordshire Salt Marsh meadows *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A Wildlife Trust with support UK0012789 Qualifying: N/A from EN’s Reserve Enhancement Scheme. 02 00 45 W 52 49 17 N

Fenn‘s, Whixall, 949.2 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Large-scale Mire rehabilitation under Bettisfield, Wem bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A commercial peat guidance of a management and Cadney extraction. Lowering plan. Qualifying: Degraded Mosses of water level. raised bogs still capable UK0012912 of natural regeneration 02 45 44 W 52 55 21 N

Oak Mere 68.82 Primary: Oligotrophic Primary: N/A Nutrient enrichment Potential point source UK0012970 waters containing very Qualifying: N/A and chemical pollution. discharges investigated by few minerals of sandy Water level issues. EN and EA. Water-level 02 38 20 W plains (Littorelletalia Accidents and changes are subject to 53 12 21 N uniflorae), transition spillages on busy road monitoring. mires and quaking bogs network. Qualifying: N/A

Morecambe 61,506.22 Primary: Estuaries, Primary: Great Coastal processes. NGO reserve management Bay mudflats and sandflats crested newt Triturus Potential threats plans, EN’s Site UK0013027 not covered by seawater cristatus include commercial Management Statements at low tide, large shallow Qualifying: N/A fisheries, aggregate and Coastal WES, the inlets and bays, perennial extraction, gas European Marine Site 02 57 42 W vegetation of stony exploration, recreation. Management Schemes for banks, Salicornia and the Duddon Estuary 54 07 09 N other annuals colonising mud and sand, Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco- Puccinellietalia maritimae), Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (`white dunes`), Fixed dunes with herbaceous vegetation (`grey dunes`) *Priority feature, humid dune slacks Qualifying: Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time, coastal lagoons *Priority feature, reefs, embryonic shifting dunes, Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes (Calluno-Ulicetea) * Priority feature, dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae)

Appendix E E21

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Sefton Coast 4,563.97 Primary: Embryonic Primary: Petalwort Recreation pressure, Co-ordinated management water abstraction. UK0013076 shifting dunes, Shifting Petalophyllum ralfsii of the coast achieved dunes along the shoreline Qualifying: Great through the long-standing 03 05 06 W with Ammophila arenaria Sefton Coast Management crested newt Triturus (`white dunes`), fixed Scheme (now the Sefton 53 34 51 N cristatus dunes with herbaceous Coast Partnership). vegetation (`grey dunes`)*Priority feature, dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae), Humid dune slacks Qualifying: Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes (Calluno-Ulicetea) *Priority feature

West Midlands 184.18 Primary: Natural Primary: N/A Nutrient enrichment Management Agreement or Mosses dystrophic lakes and Qualifying: N/A from atmospheric by NNR management, and UK0013595 ponds, Transition mires deposition. in liaison with the local and quaking bogs Recreational wildlife trust at Abbots Moss. 01 57 40 W disturbance. Qualifying: N/A 52 51 04 N

North Pennine 497.09 Primary: Mountain hay Primary: N/A Lack of traditional Management agreements Dales Meadows meadows Qualifying: N/A management. and ESA payments being used to promote UK0014775 Qualifying: Molinia continuation of traditional meadows on calcareous, 02 06 24 W management. peaty or clayey-silt-laden 54 37 31 N soils (Molinion caeruleae)

Morecambe 2,609.69 Primary: Hard oligo- Primary: Narrow- Inappropriate grazing, Large parts of the site are Bay Pavements mesotrophic waters with mouthed whorl snail conifer plantations. nature reserves and are UK0014777 benthic vegetation of Vertigo angustior sensitively managed. EN Chara spp., Juniperus Qualifying: N/A Wildlife Enhancement 02 51 36 W communis formations on Schemes, ESA Agreements, 54 16 28 N heaths or calcareous and Woodlands Grant grasslands, Semi-natural Schemes. dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia), Limestone pavements *Priority feature, Tilio- Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines *Priority feature, Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles *Priority feature Qualifying: European dry heaths, calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae *Priority feature, old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles

Appendix E E22

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Peak District 2,326.33 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: White-clawed Inappropriate grazing Some parts now managed Dales dry grasslands and (or Atlantic stream) management. under Countryside UK0019859 scrubland facies: on crayfish Drainage. Limestone Stewardship. English calcareous substrates Austropotamobius or mineral extraction. Nature’s White Peak Wildlife 01 47 16 W (Festuco-Brometalia), pallipes Invasion of non-native Enhancement Scheme to 53 05 29 N Tilio-Acerion forests of Qualifying: Brook tree species. enhance conservation value slopes, screes and lamprey Lampetra of sites. ravines * Priority planeri, bullhead feature Cottus gobio Qualifying: European dry heaths, Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae, alkaline fens, calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii), calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation

Mottey 43.87 Primary: Lowland hay Primary: N/A Agricultural run-off and Owned and managed by EN Meadows meadows (Alopecurus Qualifying: N/A lowering of water with all the above issues UK0030051 pratensis, Sanguisorba levels. addressed through the site’s officinalis) management plan. 02 14 13 W Qualifying: N/A 52 43 03 N

Brown Moss 32.03 Primary: N/A Primary: Floating Colonisation by trees - No details. UK0030100 Qualifying: N/A water-plantain shading, nutrient and Luronium natans hydrological effects on 02 39 12 W Qualifying: N/A the open water and 52 56 59 N heathland.

Calf Hill and 34.43 Primary: Old sessile oak Primary: N/A No immediate threats. Limited intervention in land- Cragg Woods woods with Ilex and Qualifying: N/A use/management terms. UK0030106 Blechnum in the British Isles, 02 41 53 W Qualifying: Alluvial 54 02 48 N forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) *Priority feature

Cannock Chase 1,236.96 Primary: European dry Primary: N/A Recreational pressure, Much of Cannock Chase UK0030107 heaths Qualifying: N/A bracken invasion. falls within a popular and Mining fissures well-used Country Park. 02 01 36 W Qualifying: Northern continue to appear 52 45 59 N Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix and thought to detrimentally affect site hydrology. Water abstraction.

Deeside and 207.52 Primary: N/A Primary: Great Works associated with Woodland habitats managed Buckley Newt Qualifying: Old sessile crested newt Triturus mineral extraction. as a Country Park. Visitor Sites oak woods with Ilex and cristatus Recreational pressure. management, footpath UK0030132 Blechnum in the British Qualifying: N/A maintenance and woodland management are 03 03 42 W Isles undertaken through the 53 12 09 N Countryside Service and under a Forestry Commission WGS.

Appendix E E23

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Fens Pools 20.4 Primary: N/A Primary: Great Fish introductions, Expand the number of breeding ponds. UK0030150 Qualifying: N/A crested newt Triturus major ground cristatus disturbance to 02 07 04 W Qualifying: N/A surrounding area, 52 29 48 N desiccation, poor water quality, human disturbance, land contamination.

Manchester 172.81 Primary: Degraded Primary: N/A Drainage. Located Risley Moss owned and Mosses raised bogs still capable Qualifying: N/A close to heavy industry managed by Warrington of natural regeneration UK0030200 (Greater Manchester, Borough Council. Holcroft Qualifying: N/A Merseyside). Air Moss owned and managed 02 27 56 W quality. Groundwater by Cheshire Wildlife Trust. 53 28 16 N issues. Part of Astley and Bedford Mosses owned and managed by Lancashire Wildlife Trust.

River Dee and 1,308.93 Primary: Water courses Primary: Atlantic Inappropriate water Issues being addressed by a Bala Lake/ Afon of plain to montane levels salmon Salmo salar, flow regulation; variety of statutory bodies Dyfrdwy a Llyn with the Ranunculion Floating water-plantain excessive abstraction; that are in a position to Tegid fluitantis and Callitricho- Luronium natans threats to water quality overcome these threats Batrachion vegetation from direct and diffuse through regulatory powers UK0030252 Qualifying: Sea pollution; and partnerships with Qualifying: N/A lamprey Petromyzon 02 51 40 W eutrophication and landowners, industry and marinus, brook other interested parties. 53 02 50 N lamprey Lampetra siltation. Degradation of riparian habitats due planeri, river lamprey to engineering works, Lampetra fluviatilis, bullhead Cottus gobio, agricultural practices otter Lutra lutra and invasive plant species. Fisheries.

River Mease 21.86 Primary: N/A Primary: Spined loach Water quality and No details. UK0030258 Qualifying: Water Cobitis taenia, quantity issues. Bullhead Cottus gobio Diffuse pollution and courses of plain to 01 36 56 W excessive montane levels with the Qualifying: White- 52 41 59 N Ranunculion fluitantis and clawed (or Atlantic sedimentation have the potential to affect Callitricho-Batrachion stream) crayfish the site. vegetation Austropotamobius pallipes, otter Lutra lutra

Rixton Clay Pits 13.99 Primary: N/A Primary: Great No details. Warrington Borough Council UK0030265 Qualifying: N/A crested newt Triturus owns and manages the site, cristatus and has a ranger based on- 02 28 31 W Qualifying: N/A site. 53 24 23 N

Rochdale Canal 25.55 Primary: N/A Primary: Floating Boat movements. Major restoration scheme to UK0030266 Qualifying: N/A water-plantain open canal for navigation Luronium natans from Manchester to 02 09 40 W Qualifying: N/A Yorkshire. EN working 53 31 50 N together with partners to ensure restoration preserves site interest.

Appendix E E24

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

South Pennine 64,983.13 Primary: European dry Primary: N/A Recreation pressure, Management strategy and Moors heaths, blanket bogs Qualifying: N/A accidental fires, over- conservation action UK0030280 *Priority feature, old grazing, muirburn. programme produced as sessile oak woods with Atmospheric pollution part of an EU-funded LIFE 01 46 59 W Ilex and Blechnum in the depleting blanket bog, project for the area to the 53 27 37 N British Isles wet heath and north of the National Park. transition mire. Loss Within Park, North Peak and Qualifying: Northern of forest habitat. South West Peak ESAs. Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix, transition Countryside Stewardship mires and quaking bogs Scheme and Wildlife Enhancement Scheme (WES) also being used to achieve favourable management.

Bolton Fell 374.74 Primary: Degraded Primary: N/A Site has been subject Measures in hand to acquire Moss raised bogs still capable Qualifying: N/A to commercial peat- permissions and cease peat UK0030362 of natural regeneration extraction under an extraction, thereafter Qualifying: N/A existing planning hydrological restoration will 02 47 53 W permission be carried out. 55 00 41 N

Clints Quarry 12.03 Primary: N/A Primary: Great Water levels in the Not provided. UK0030035 Qualifying: N/A crested newt Triturus ponds supporting cristatus newts are largely 03 18 08 W Qualifying: N/A dependent on rainfall 54 42 33 N which has been low in recent years. The site has been relatively undisturbed since quarrying ceased.

Drigg Coast 1,397.44 Primary: Estuaries, Primary: N/A There is no threat at Much of the sand dune area UK0013031 Atlantic decalcified fixed Qualifying: N/A present of any is under Countryside 03 25 47 W dunes (Calluno- development that may Stewardship Agreements or Ulicetea)*Priority feature, affect estuarine as a Cumbrian Wildlife Trust 54 21 02 N Dunes with Salix repens processes. Reserve. The vulnerability of ssp. Argentea (Salicion the marine site will be arenariae) further identified by Natural Qualifying: Mudflats and England. sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide, Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand, Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco- Puccinellietalia maritimae), embryonic shifting dunes, shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (`white dunes`), fixed dunes with herbaceous vegetation (`grey dunes`) *Priority feature, humid dune slacks

Lake District 26,996.36 Primary: Oligotrophic to Primary: N/A The European habitats Pressures have been High Fells mesotrophic standing Qualifying: Slender on this site, other than significantly reduced over UK0012960 waters with vegetation of green feather-moss acidic scree, are much of the site by entry the Littorelletea uniflorae threatened by grazing into the Lake District ESA 03 04 51 W Drepanocladus and/or of the Isoëto- (Hamatocaulis) and more locally scheme, but this largely only 54 40 34 N Nanojuncetea, Northern vernicosus grazing combined with slows or possibly arrests

Appendix E E25

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

Atlantic wet heaths with visitor pressure. decline. Erica tetralix, European Siliceous scree is dry heaths, Alpine and possibly the least- Boreal heaths, Juniperus threatened habitat and communis formations on is widespread, albeit in heaths or calcareous a modified state grasslands, siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands, hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels, blanket bogs * Priority feature, siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani), siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation, old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles Qualifying: Species-rich Nardus grassland, on siliceous substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in continental Europe) *Priority feature, alkaline fens, calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation

Montgomery 55.89 Primary: N/A Primary: Floating Enrichment through CCW will liaise with owners Canal Qualifying: N/A water-plantain agricultural or and occupiers to achieve UK0030213 Luronium natans domestic nutrient appropriately scaled and inputs could affect the timed management. CCW 03 06 56 W Qualifying: N/A populations of floating will liaise with competent 52 40 57 N water-plantain. The and relevant authorities to effects of boat traffic agree on appropriate on populations of methods and practices to floating water-plantain ensure that bank protection are uncertain and are and other engineering works being investigated. are undertaken in a Floating water-plantain sensitive manner. is vulnerable to colonisation by aggressive species which can have an impact on the canal’s ecology. The introduction of certain fish species could also damage aquatic plant populations.

Raeburn Flow 63.96 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Historical peat-cutting Positive habitat works have UK0030314 bogs*Priority feature Qualifying: N/A and drainage. been agreed with the owner/occupiers and are 03 06 00 W Qualifying: Degraded well underway, including 54 57 10 N raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration tree and shrub removal, and limited grazing to prevent

Appendix E E26

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

scrub regeneration. Ditches are being blocked to encourage Sphagnum growth.

River Derwent 1,832.96 Primary: Oligotrophic to Primary: Marsh There are problems Phosphorous stripping is & mesotrophic standing fritillary butterfly with sewage, being undertaken on part of Bassenthwaite waters with vegetation of Euphydryas acidification (from the site, although it is Lake the Littorelletea uniflorae (Eurodryas, rainfall) and pollution expected that full recovery UK0030032 and/or of the Isoëto- Hypodryas) aurinia, with synthetic may take a decade or more. Nanojuncetea sea lamprey pyrethroid sheep dips. All issues are recognised in 03 08 32 W Petromyzon marinus, Flow regimes and the joint English Qualifying: Water 54 34 35 N courses of plain to brook lamprey sedimentation are Nature/Environment Agency Lampetra planeri, river affected by flood Conservation Strategy. All montane levels with the lamprey Lampetra defence works and licensed activities which Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion fluviatilis, Atlantic abstraction. Much of may be contributing to such vegetation salmon Salmo salar, the land is heavily problems will be addressed otter Lutra lutra, drained for agriculture through the review process floating water-plantain or forestry, which under the Habitats Luronium natans results in increased Regulations. Qualifying: N/A run-off. Overgrazing has caused inputs of sediment and nutrients to the lakes which has affected plant communities.

River Ehen 24.39 Primary: N/A Primary: Freshwater Mussels are likely to Water quality issues will be UK0030057 Qualifying: N/A pearl mussel be adversely affected addressed through the Margaritifera by the apparent review process under the 03 29 51 W margaritifera decline in salmonid Habitats Regulations and at fish populations and a catchment level by local 54 30 55 N Qualifying: Atlantic salmon Salmo salar by major Environment Action Plans. eutrophication of the Research is required to river from sewage determine the extent of any works and agricultural problems arising from pearl run-off. Practices fishing. Possible concerns associated with sheep- over the flows within the dipping pose a river will also be addressed potential threat at this through reviews of site. abstraction licences where these are considered to be causing a problem.

Solway Firth 43,636.72 Primary: Sandbanks Primary: Sea lamprey Flood defence and A management strategy to UK0013025 which are slightly covered Petromyzon marinus, coastal erosion work, consider and co-ordinate by sea water all the time, river lamprey fishing and these activities is being 03 20 12 W estuaries, mudflats and Lampetra fluviatilis shellfisheries produced by the Solway 54 58 15 N sandflats not covered by Qualifying: N/A (including a cockle Firth Partnership. This will seawater at low tide, fishery which is set out the means by which Salicornia and other currently closed to it is proposed to secure the annuals colonising mud allow stocks to sustainable use of the and sand, Atlantic salt recover), saltmarsh/ estuary. meadows (Glauco- merse grazing, oil and Puccinellietalia gas exploration maritimae) (outwith the site), and industrial Qualifying: Reefs, development. perennial vegetation of stony banks, fixed dunes with herbaceous vegetation (`grey dunes`) *Priority feature

Appendix E E27

Name, Code and Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management Location1

South Solway 1,962.36 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Extensive drainage Management problems are Mosses bogs *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A associated with being addressed through UK0030310 Qualifying: Degraded agricultural Site Management reclamation and/or Statements, management 03 14 36 W raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration peat extraction. Parts agreements, acquisition, 54 55 33 N of the site have and through implementation suffered from of a National Nature uncontrolled fires Reserve Management Plan in part of the area.

Walton Moss 285.89 Primary: Active raised Primary: N/A Previous land- Walton Moss includes land UK0030093 bogs *Priority feature, Qualifying: N/A drainage operations managed as a National degraded raised bogs still and inappropriate Nature Reserve. A 02 46 30 W capable of natural grazing regimes. hydrological monitoring 54 59 26 N regeneration regime is in preparation to Qualifying: N/A inform remedial measures. Grazing has been tackled by enclosure and by Countryside Stewardship agreements.

Shell Flat and 14,019.16 Interest features include Annex I Reefs and There is a low risk No interactions with Licence Lune Deep Sandbanks which are Slightly Covered by Sea from a nearby dredge areas foreseen. pSAC Water all the Time disposal site and 03 13 0.24 W physical damage and biological disturbance 53 51 51.33 N from trawling activities. Biological disturbance to sandbank features is considered to be moderate due to their exposure to commercial fishing. Coastal heavy metal and synthetic substance discharges pose a moderate threat of toxic contamination to reef features, though threats of non-toxic contamination are low.

Appendix E E28

Table E.5 Summary Details of Relevant Special Protecion Areas (SPAs) in SEA Area 2

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Morecambe Bay 37,404.6 During the breeding Over winter: Land-claim for Management plans for season: agriculture, over- non-governmental UK9005081 Pintail Anas acuta, pink- grazing, dredging, organisation reserves, Sandwich tern Sterna footed goose Anser 02 57 21 W over-fishing, industrial EN Site Management sandvicensis brachyrhynchus, uses and pollution. Statements, European turnstone Arenaria 54 07 19 N Marine Site interpres, dunlin Calidris Management Scheme, alpina, knot Calidris and the Morecambe canutus, oystercatcher Bay Partnership. Haematopus ostralegus, bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica, curlew Numenius arquata, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, redshank Tringa totanus. On passage: Ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula Assemblage qualification: During the breeding season, the area regularly supports 61,858 individual seabirds including: sandwich tern Sterna sandvicensis. Over winter, the area regularly supports 210,668 individual waterfowl including: pink- footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, pintail Anas acuta, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, knot Calidris canutus, dunlin Calidris alpina, bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica, curlew Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus, turnstone Arenaria interpres.

Leighton Moss 128.61 During the breeding N/A Changes in water RSPB reserve managed season: quality and level. to maintain and UK9005091 Agricultural run-off enhance fen and open Bittern Botaurus 02 47 31 W from adjacent land. water habitats to stellaris, marsh harrier Saline intrusion. provide optimum Circus aeruginosus 54 10 03 N conditions for important Over winter: reedbed birds. Bittern Botaurus stellaris

Appendix E E29

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Ribble and Alt 12,412.31 During the breeding During the breeding Recreation, built Agreed plans for three Estuaries season: season: development NNRs, two LNRs and UK9005103 Common tern Sterna Lesser black-backed gull (including coastal other initiatives defence), wildfowling developed by the Sefton 02 59 14 W hirundo, ruff Larus fuscus, black- Philomachus pugnax headed gull Larus and industry. Coast Partnership. 53 42 20 N ridibundus Overgrazing on Wider land Over winter: saltmarsh. Accidental management issues Bar-tailed godwit Over winter: pollution from the being developed via the Limosa lapponica, pintail Anas acuta, teal nearby Mersey Ribble and Mersey Bewick's swan Cygnus Anas crecca, wigeon Estuary and Irish Sea Estuary Strategies. columbianus, golden Anas penelope, Anser oil and gas fields. Sefton Shoreline plover Pluvialis brachyrhynchus, scaup Management Plan. Oil apricaria, whooper Aythya marila, dunlin spill contingency plans swan Cygnus cygnus Calidris alpina, maintained. sanderling Calidris alba, knot Calidris canutus, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa, common scoter Melanitta nigra, Curlew Numenius arquata, Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, redshank Tringa totanus, Lapwing Vanellus vanellus. On passage: Ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, sanderling Calidris alba, redshank Tringa totanus, whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Assemblage qualification: During the breeding season, the area regularly supports 29,236 individual seabirds including: Black-headed gull Larus ridibundus, lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus, common tern Sterna hirundo. Over winter, the area regularly supports 323,861 individual waterfowl including: cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, Bewick's swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii, whooper swan Cygnus cygnus, pink- footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, wigeon Anas penelope, teal Anas

Appendix E E30

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

crecca, Pintail Anas acuta, scaup Aythya marila, common scoter Melanitta nigra, common scoter Melanitta nigra, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, golden plover Pluvialis apricaria, lapwing Vanellus vanellus, knot Calidris canutus, sanderling Calidris alba, dunlin Calidris alpina, black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa, bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica, curlew Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus.

Martin Mere 119.89 Over winter: Over winter: Water abstraction for Areas of pasture agriculture. Changes positively managed UK9005111 Bewick's swan Cygnus Pink-footed goose Anser in farming practice. under a Countryside columbianus bewickii, brachyrhynchus, pintail 02 52 37 W Stewardship Scheme. Anas acuta, wigeon Anas whooper swan Cygnus 53 37 24 N penelope. cygnus

Mersey Estuary 5,023.35 Over winter: Over winter: Physical loss through Estuary Management land-claim and Plan. UK9005131 Golden plover Pluvialis pintail Anas acuta, teal development, apricaria Anas crecca, wigeon 02 49 25 W physical damage Anas penelope, dunlin caused by dredging, Calidris alpina alpina, 53 18 51 N agricultural black-tailed godwit requirements, toxic Limosa limosa islandica, and non-toxic curlew Numenius contamination and arquata, grey plover recreation Pluvialis squatarola, disturbance. great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, redshank Tringa totanus, lapwing Vanellus vanellus. On passage: Redshank Tringa totanus, ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula

Bowland Fells 16,002.31 During the breeding During the breeding Inappropriate grazing, Overgrazing controlled UK9005151 season: season: burning. through Management Agreements or 02 33 45 W Hen harrier Circus Lesser black-backed gull cyaneus, merlin Falco Larus fuscus Countryside 53 59 13 N columbarius Stewardship Scheme. Site Management Statements have agreed burning plans and stocking levels.

Appendix E E31

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Peak District Moors 45,270.52 During the breeding N/A Significant visitor Initiatives for (South Pennine season: pressure and sustainable recreation Moors Phase 1) Golden plover Pluvialis disturbance from being developed. Two UK9007021 apricaria, merlin Falco major urban and separate ESAs industrial centres. encourage and support 01 45 51 W columbarius, short- eared owl Asio Historic air pollution, habitat restoration. 53 28 03 N flammeus high grazing pressure and wildfire burns.

South Pennine 20,936.53 During the breeding Assemblage Heavy recreational Integrated management Moors Phase 2 season: qualification: During the pressure. strategy and UK9007022 Golden plover Pluvialis breeding season the Overgrazing. conservation action area regularly supports: Adjacent intensive programme as part of 02 04 16 W apricaria, merlin Falco columbarius, short- dunlin Calidris alpina agriculture. EU-funded LIFE project. 53 48 38 N eared owl Asio alpina, snipe Gallinago flammeus gallinago, curlew Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus, lapwing Vanellus vanellus, common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos, twite Carduelis flavirostris, northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe, whinchat Saxicola rubetra, ring ouzel Turdus torquatus.

Dee Estuary 13,084.85 Over winter: Over winter: Industrial and urban Sizeable parts of the development. Water estuary are in UK9013011 Bar-tailed godwit Pintail Anas acuta, knot Limosa lapponica Calidris canutus, quality issues. Over- conservation 03 11 02 W exploitation of cockle management or are oystercatcher beds. subject to Management 53 18 39 N Haematopus ostralegus, shelduck Tadorna Agreements. The Dee Estuary Strategy. tadorna, redshank Tringa totanus. Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 90,518 individual waterfowl including: shelduck Tadorna tadorna, pintail Anas acuta, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, knot Calidris canutus, bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica, redshank Tringa totanus.

Mersey Narrows To be N/A Over winter: No details. No details. and North Wirral confirmed Redshank Tringa Foreshore pSPA totanus, turnstone UK9020287 Arenaria interpres 03 07 43 W Assemblage qualification: 53 25 09 N Over winter, the area regularly supports 20,269 individual waterfowl

Appendix E E32

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

including: Dunlin Calidris alpina, knot Calidris canutus, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, turnstone Arenaria interpres, redshank Tringa totanus.

Duddon Estuary 6,806.3 During the breeding Over winter: Knot Intertidal zone being Issues are being UK9005031 season: Sandwich Calidris canutus, pintail threatened by coastal addressed through the Tern Sterna Anas acuta, redshank squeeze due to land Shoreline Management sandvicensis Tringa totanus. claim and coastal Plan and more locally, defence as well as Site Management 03 15 24 W Assemblage qualification: sea level rise and Statements/Positive 54 10 39 N storm surges. Management Schemes. Over winter, the area Saltmarshes are Duddon Estuary regularly supports 31,505 grazed by agricultural partnership is individual waterfowl stock, sometimes at a addressing some of the including: Knot Calidris high level. Waterfowl threats arising from canutus, pintail Anas wintering vulnerable recreational pressure acuta, redshank Tringa to loss of feeding and bait digging. totanus. areas through disturbance, land claim and development.

Langholm - TBC During the breeding N/A Threats to the Being addressed Newcastleton Hills season: Hen Harrier moorland which through bracken control UK9003271 Circus cyaneus supports the and management qualifying interest agreements for heather 02 53 14 W include degradation restoration, stocking 55 12 53 N and loss of heather levels and sensitive and peat erosion. muirburn. Joint Raptor Hen harriers Study on the site is potentially vulnerable being continued and to disturbance from informs best agricultural practices, management practice. game management and recreational activities.

Upper Solway Flats 30,706.26 Over winter: barnacle Over winter: Pintail Some established Cockle fishery has been and Marshes goose Branta Anas acuta, shoveler and new flood closed for a number of UK9005012 leucopsis, whooper Anas clypeata, teal Anas defence and coastal years. Other swan Cygnus cygnus, crecca, pink-footed erosion works may commercial, traditional 03 19 17 W bar-tailed godwit goose Anser exacerbate erosion and shell fisheries are 54 58 04 N Limosa lapponica, brachyrhynchus, elsewhere within the regulated by golden plover Pluvialis turnstone Arenaria site. Roosts and Government to ensure apricaria. interpres, scaup Aythya feeding areas are that they are carried out marila, goldeneye vulnerable to in a sustainable way Bucephala clangula, disturbance. and that their impact on dunlin Calidris alpina bird feeding areas is not alpina, sanderling significant. Calidris alba, knot Calidris canutu,s oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, curlew Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus, grey plover

Appendix E E33

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Pluvialis squatarola, shelduck Tadorna tadorna. Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 133,440 individual waterfowl including: whooper swan Cygnus cygnus, pink- footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus, barnacle goose Branta leucopsis, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, teal Anas crecca, pintail Anas acuta, shoveler Anas clypeata, scaup Aythya marila, goldeneye Bucephala clangula, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, golden plover Pluvialis apricaria, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, knot Calidris canutus, dunlin Calidris alpina alpina, bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica, curlew Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus, turnstone Arenaria interpres.

Liverpool Bay SPA 197,504.24 Over winter: Over winter: - - UK9020294 Red-throated diver Common scoter 53 36 30 N 03 13 16 W

Appendix E E34

Table E.6 Summary Details of Relevant Ramsar Sites in SEA Area 2

Code/ Area Name Description Criteria* Adverse Factors Location (ha)

UK11035 Leighton 128.61 Largest reedbed in north-west England situated on the 1 Sedimentation/siltation, Moss 02 47 31 W eastern edge of Morecambe Bay. Large areas of open pollution – agriculture, water surrounded by extensive reedbeds in which areas of salination of 54 10 03 N willow scrub and mixed fen vegetation occur. A typical groundwater. and varied fen flora has developed in part, whilst the reedbed shows all stages of transition from open water through to woodland.

UK11039 Martin 119.89 Areas of open water with associated muddy margins have 5, 6 No factors reported. 02 52 37 W Mere been created, whilst maintaining seasonally flooded marsh and reed swamp habitats via water level control. In 53 37 24 N addition large areas of semi-improved damp grassland, unimproved species rich damp grassland and rush pasture have been maintained and enhanced via appropriate grazing management. Important as a refuge for large and diverse wintering, passage and breeding birds community.

UK11041 Mersey 5,023.35 Large, sheltered estuary comprising large areas of 5, 6 No factors reported. Estuary 02 49 25 W saltmarsh and extensive intertidal sand and mudflats, with limited areas of brackish marsh, rocky shoreline and 53 18 51 N boulder clay cliffs, within a rural and industrial environment. Intertidal flats and saltmarshes provide feeding and roosting sites for large and internationally important populations of waterfowl. During the winter, the site is of major importance for duck and waders. The site is also important during spring and autumn migration periods, particularly for wader populations.

UK11043 Midland 510.88 The 16 component sites include open water bodies 1, 2 Introduction/invasion of 02 50 25 W Meres and (meres), the majority of which are nutrient-rich with flora, urban Mosses – associated fringing habitats; reed swamps, fen, carr and development, 52 54 11 N Phase 1 damp pasture. Peat accumulation has resulted in nutrient eutrophication. poor peat bogs (mosses) forming in some sites in the fringes of meres or completely infilling basins. In a few cases the result is a floating quaking bog or schwingmoor. Range of resulting habitats support nationally important flora and fauna.

UK11045 Morecambe 37,404.6 Represents largest continuous intertidal area in Britain. 6, 5, 4 Overfishing Bay 02 57 21 W Comprises the estuaries of 5 rivers and the mudflats behind Walney Island. Area is of intertidal mud and 54 07 19 N sandflats, with associated saltmarshes, shingle beaches and other coastal habitats. Component in the chain of west coast estuaries of outstanding importance for passage and overwintering waterfowl, and breeding waterfowl, gulls and terns.

UK11057 Ribble and 13,464.1 Two estuaries which form part of the chain of west coast 2 Military activities, 02 58 44 W Alt sites which fringe the Irish Sea. Formed by extensive recreation disturbance, Estuaries sand and mudflats backed, in the north, by the saltmarsh pollution – unspecified, 53 42 41 N of the Ribble Estuary and, to the south, the sand dunes of mining, hunting or the Sefton Coast. Tidal flats and saltmarsh support capture, over-grazing internationally important populations of waterfowl in winter (livestock), general and the sand dunes support vegetation communities and disturbance, erosion. amphibian populations of international importance.

UK11060 Rostherne 79.76 The deepest, and one of the largest and most northerly of 1 Introduction of exotic Mere 02 23 05 W the meres of the Cheshire Plain. It lies in a hollow animals, surrounded by thick deposits of glacial drift overlying eutrophication. 53 21 14 N Triassic marls and salt-beds.

Appendix E E35

Code/ Area Name Description Criteria* Adverse Factors Location (ha)

UK11080 Midland 1,588.24 The 18 component sites include open water bodies 1, 2 Introduction of exotic 02 45 43 W Meres and (meres), the majority of which are nutrient-rich with animals, pollution – Mosses – associated fringing habitats, reed swamp, fen, carr and agriculture, 52 55 20 N Phase 2 damp pasture. Peat accumulation has resulted in the introduction/ invasion nutrient-poor peat bogs (mosses) forming in some sites on of flora, eutrophication. the fringes of the meres or completely infilling basins. In a few cases the result is a floating quaking bog or schwingmoor. Habitats support nationally important flora and fauna.

UK11082 The Dee 13,084.85 One of the top five estuaries in the UK for wintering and 5, 6, 1 Over-fishing, 03 11 02 W Estuary passage waterfowl populations. Supports extensive areas introduction/invasion of (Wales) of intertidal sand and mudflats as well as saltmarsh. flora, transport 53 18 39 N Where land-claim has not occurred, the saltmarshes grade infrastructure, into transitional brackish and freshwater swamp industrial pollution, vegetation, on the upper shore. The site includes the pollution – sewage, three sandstone islands of Hilbre with their important cliff general disturbance. vegetation and maritime heathland/grassland. Contrast between the industrialised usage of the coastal belt in Wales and residential and recreational usage in England.

UK11022 Duddon 6,806.3 Duddon Estuary is formed by the River Duddon and the 2, 4, 5, 6 No factors reported. Estuary 03 15 24 W smaller Kirkby Pool opening into the Irish Sea in south- western Cumbria. Most of the site consists of intertidal 54 10 39 N sand and mudflats, important for large numbers of wintering and passage waterfowl. A range of grazed and ungrazed saltmarsh habitats occur around the edge of the estuary, especially the sheltered inner section. The site is the most important in Cumbria for sand-dune communities including large areas of calcareous dunes at Sandscale and Haverigg Haws and contrasting acid dunes on North Walney. Artificial habitats include slag banks and a flooded mine working known as Hodbarrow Lagoon, the largest coastal lagoon in north-west England.

UK11079 Upper 43,636.73 The flats and marshes of the Upper Solway Firth form one 2, 5, 6 No factors reported. 03 25 27 W Solway of the largest continuous areas of intertidal habitat in Flats and Britain. The whole estuarine complex is a site of national 54 54 20 N Marshes and international importance for wintering wildfowl and wading birds and is a vital link in a chain of west coast estuaries used by migrating birds. The site is also noted for its populations of breeding birds, natterjack toad Bufo calamita and invertebrates. The geomorphology and vegetation of the estuarine saltmarshes or merses is also of international importance with broad transitions to mature 'upper-marsh' being particularly well represented. A number of rare plant species and geological exposures also occur within the site.

Appendix E E36

Summary Details of Sites of International Importance in SEA Area 3

Figure E.3 International Designations in SEA Area 3

Appendix E E37

Table E.7 Summary Details of Relevant Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in SEA Area 3

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Humber Estuary 36,657.15 Primary: Estuaries, Primary: N/A Subject to past and Humber Flood Risk UK0030170 Mudflats and sandflats Qualifying: Sea ongoing human activity Management Strategy is not covered by seawater and sea-level change. addressing coastal 00 45 05W lamprey Petromyzon at low tide marinus, River Issues include coastal squeeze. Proposed 53 35 21N Qualifying: Sandbanks lamprey Lampetra squeeze, impacts on activities require consent which are slightly fluviatilis, Grey seal sediment budget, from conservation bodies covered by sea water all Halichoerus grypus geomorphological under the Habitats the time, Coastal structure, and function Regulations. Diffuse lagoons*Priority feature, of the estuary, changes pollution controlled through Salicornia and other in water quality, Waste Water Framework annuals colonising mud pressures from build Directive and Catchment and sand, Atlantic salt development, Sensitive Farming meadows (Glauco- disturbance from Initiatives. The Humber Puccinellietalia access and recreation. Management scheme was maritimae), Embryonic developed by all statutory shifting dunes, Shifting bodies to assist delivery of dunes along the their duties under the shoreline with Ammophila habitats regulations. arenaria (`white dunes`), Fixed dunes with herbaceous vegetation (`grey dunes`) *Priority feature, Dunes with Hippophae rhamnoides

Eversden and 66.48 Primary: N/A Primary: Barbastelle Public Wimpole Woods is owned Wimpole Woods Qualifying: N/A Barbastella access/disturbance. and managed by the UK0030331 barbastellus National Trust. Management aimed at 00 02 05 W Qualifying: N/A maintaining and enhancing 52 09 32 N barbastelle populations. Current use of both Eversden and Wimpole woods considered compatible with wood as a foraging/light path for barbastelle.

River Eden 2,463.23 Primary: Oligotrophic to Primary: White- Overgrazing of Maintenance of breeding UK0012643 mesotrophic standing clawed (or Atlantic riverbanks and nutrient and nursery areas for the waters with vegetation of stream) crayfish run-off. Water quality species on this site (e.g. 02 49 58 W the Littorelletea uniflorae Austropotamobius and eutrophication. lampreys, salmon and otter) 54 36 19 N and/or of the Isoëto- pallipes, sea lamprey Alluvial forest depends on the habitat Nanojuncetea, water Petromyzon fragmentation. quality of streams and their courses of plain to marinus, brook margins. Conservation montane levels with the lamprey Lampetra strategy with actions to Ranunculion fluitantis planeri, river lamprey address river quality issues. and Callitricho- Lampetra fluviatilis, Batrachion vegetation, Atlantic salmon alluvial forests with Alnus Salmo salar, glutinosa and Fraxinus bullhead Cottus excelsior (Alno-Padion, gobio, otter Lutra Alnion incanae, Salicion lutra albae) *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A Qualifying: N/A

River Wensum 381.74 Primary: Water courses Primary: White- Invasive species, input No details. UK0012647 of plain to montane levels clawed (or Atlantic of silt and agricultural with the Ranunculion stream) crayfish chemicals, channel 00 59 38 E fluitantis and Callitricho- Austropotamobius modification, 52 43 04 N Batrachion vegetation pallipes development on floodplain, water abstraction.

Appendix E E38

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Qualifying: N/A Qualifying: Desmoulin`s whorl snail Vertigo moulinsiana, brook lamprey Lampetra planeri, bullhead Cottus gobio

Birklands and 271.84 Primary: Old Primary: N/A Recreation pressure, Visitor pressure and lack of Bilhaugh acidophilous oak woods Qualifying: N/A subsidence from past grazing will be addressed UK0012740 with Quercus robur on coal mines, under- by a management sandy plains grazing, air pollution committee and in the 01 04 31 W from industrial towns. management plan. Qualifying: N/A 53 12 17 N

Castle Eden 194.4 Primary: Taxus baccata Primary: N/A No details. Managed as a NNR and Dene woods of the British Isles Qualifying: N/A Management Plan provides UK0012768 * Priority feature for regeneration of Qualifying: N/A woodland. 01 19 29 W 54 45 00 N

Ingleborough 5,769.28 Primary: Juniperus Primary: N/A Overgrazing, removal Wildlife Enhancement Complex communis formations on Qualifying: N/A of limestone pavement, Scheme and other forms of limestone quarrying. UK0012782 heaths or calcareous agri-environmental grasslands, alkaline fens, agreement being used to 02 22 25 W calcareous rocky slopes promote appropriate 54 09 36 N with chasmophytic management. Limestone vegetation, limestone Pavement Orders. pavements *Priority feature Qualifying: Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia), Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae), blanket bogs *Priority feature, petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) *Priority feature, Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines * Priority feature

Roydon 351.83 Primary: Northern Primary: N/A Agricultural pollution of EA’s North West Norfolk Common and Atlantic wet heaths with Qualifying: N/A catchment. Water River Catchment Plan and Dersingham Bog Erica tetralix, abstraction, lack of Review of Consents. UK0012801 depressions on peat traditional Management agreements substrates of the management. and Countryside 00 29 58 E Rhynchosporion Stewardship payments for reintroducing traditional 52 46 22 N Qualifying: European dry heaths management and controlling scrub.

Tyne and Allen 36.84 Primary: Calaminarian Primary: N/A River course change, Unknown whether River Gravels grasslands of the Qualifying: N/A succession to management can restore Violetalia calaminariae grassland and scrub. areas where succession UK0012816 taken place, as may no

Appendix E E39

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

02 29 08 W Qualifying: N/A longer be sufficient 54 57 20 N available metals even if the bare shingle re-exposed.

Gang Mine 8.26 Primary: Calaminarian Primary: N/A Under-grazing, Partly owned by Derbyshire UK0012817 grasslands of the Qualifying: N/A deposition of limestone Wildlife Trust. Other part Violetalia calaminariae dust from quarry. managed under 01 34 21 W Qualifying: N/A Countryside Stewardship 53 05 52 N Scheme and under no immediate threat.

Thrislington 22.58 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Fertiliser input. Grasslands dependent upon UK0012838 dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A continuous management by scrubland facies: on seasonally-adjusted grazing 01 30 27 W calcareous substrates and no fertiliser input. NNR 54 41 20 N (Festuco-Brometalia) and traditional management Qualifying: N/A reintroduced.

Lower Derwent 915.91 Primary: Lowland hay Primary: N/A Subsidence from coal Extant planning permission Valley meadows (Alopecurus Qualifying: Otter mines, water level. for deep coal mining has UK0012844 pratensis, Sanguisorba Lutra lutra been reviewed and an officinalis) appropriate 00 55 50 W Qualifying: Alluvial compensation/mitigation 53 53 17 N forests with Alnus package has been agreed. glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) *Priority feature

Waveney and 93.18 Primary: Molinia Primary: Water abstraction, ESA funding to encourage Little Ouse meadows on calcareous, Desmoulin`s whorl over-deepening of local reintroduction of grazing. Valley Fens peaty or clayey-silt-laden snail Vertigo rivers and land EN and Suffolk Wildlife UK0012882 soils (Molinion moulinsiana drainage. Trust NNR. Water level caeruleae), calcareous Qualifying: N/A management plans. 01 01 06 E fens with Cladium 52 22 42 N mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A

Norfolk Valley 616.21 Primary: Alkaline fens Primary: Narrow- Reduction of water Management Agreements, Fens Qualifying: Northern mouthed whorl snail table and decrease in Countryside Stewardship UK0012892 Atlantic wet heaths with Vertigo angustior, spring flows from and ESA payments help Desmoulin`s whorl groundwater towards reintroduction or 00 51 22 E Erica tetralix, European dry heaths, semi-natural snail Vertigo abstraction. promotion of traditional 52 31 36 N dry grasslands and moulinsiana management. scrubland facies: on Qualifying: N/A calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia), Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae),calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae *Priority feature, alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) *Priority feature

Appendix E E40

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Thorne Moor 1,909.38 Primary: Degraded Primary: N/A Peat cutting, water Much of site successfully UK0012915 raised bogs still capable Qualifying: N/A abstraction, agricultural restored to active bog of natural regeneration drainage. through maintenance of 00 53 51 W Qualifying: N/A water levels, though a large 53 38 18 N area is classed as degraded because restoration in early stages.

Border Mires, 11,851.77 Primary: Blanket bogs Primary: N/A Forestry drainage, Programme of rehabilitation Kielder – *Priority feature, Qualifying: N/A conifer planting, over- of bogs damaged by Butterburn Transition mires and grazing, burning. forestry underway, based UK0012923 quaking bogs on management plans. 02 29 52 W Qualifying: Northern Atlantic wet heaths with 55 18 17 N Erica tetralix, European dry heaths, petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) *Priority feature

Ouse Washes 311.35 Primary: N/A Primary: Spined Water abstraction, Water Level Management loach Cobitis taenia UK0013011 Qualifying: N/A water quality Plan agreed by EA and Qualifying: N/A (agricultural and partner organisations. EA 00 12 21 E sewage pollutants), also involved in water 52 28 58 N salinity, turbidity and quality management. sediment issues.

Flamborough 6,311.96 Primary: Reefs, Primary: N/A Physical damage and Management Scheme will toxic contamination. Head vegetated sea cliffs of the Qualifying: N/A identify necessary Atlantic and Baltic coasts, monitoring systems and UK0013036 submerged or partially measures to maintain 00 04 37 W submerged sea caves features. 54 06 41 N Qualifying: N/A

Winterton- 425.94 Primary: Atlantic Primary: N/A Coastal squeeze. Coastal Habitat Action Plan Horsey Dunes decalcified fixed dunes Qualifying: N/A Beach-feeding. Water (ChaMP) will attempt to address these issues. UK0013043 (Calluno-Ulicetea) abstraction. Recreation *Priority feature, humid pressure. 01 41 23 E dune slacks 52 43 24 N Qualifying: Embryonic shifting dunes, shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (`white dunes`)

The Broads 5,865.6 Primary: Hard oligo- Primary: Sea level rise and Partnership between EA, mesotrophic waters with Desmoulin`s whorl water abstraction. Broads Authority and EN. UK0013577 benthic vegetation of snail Vertigo Saline intrusion. Broads Plan (Broads 01 36 40 E Chara spp., natural moulinsiana, fen Eutrophication. Authority), Water Level eutrophic lakes with orchid Liparis Recreation pressure. Management Plans and the 52 43 49 N Magnopotamion or loeselii ESA scheme are starting to Hydrocharition-type Qualifying: Otter raise water levels, revert vegetation, transition Lutra lutra arable areas back to grass mires and quaking bogs, and encourage sensitive calcareous fens with management. Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae * Priority feature, Alkaline fens, alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion,

Appendix E E41

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) *Priority feature Qualifying: Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae)

Moor House – 38,795.99 Primary: Hard oligo- Primary: Round- Overgrazing, Wildlife Enhancement Upper Teesdale mesotrophic waters with mouthed whorl snail inappropriate burning, Schemes geared at UK0014774 benthic vegetation of Vertigo genesii, drainage, acid moorland and pasture, and Chara spp., Alpine and Marsh saxifrage deposition. ESA and Countryside 02 18 44 W Boreal heaths, Juniperus Saxifraga hirculus Stewardship schemes. 54 42 59 N communis formations on Qualifying: N/A heaths or calcareous grasslands, Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae, siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands, semi- natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia), Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae), hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels, mountain hay meadows, blanket bogs *Priority feature, petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) *Priority feature, alkaline fens, Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris- atrofuscae *Priority feature, siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani), calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii), calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation, siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation Qualifying: European dry heaths, limestone pavements *Priority feature

North Pennine 497.09 Primary: Mountain hay Primary: N/A Lack of traditional Management agreements Dales Meadows meadows Qualifying: N/A management. and ESA payments being UK0014775 Qualifying: Molinia used to promote continuation of traditional 02 06 24 W meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden management. 54 37 31 N soils (Molinion caeruleae)

Appendix E E42

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Craven 5,328.25 Primary: Hard oligo- Primary: White- Overgrazing, removal Wildlife Enhancement Limestone mesotrophic waters with clawed (or Atlantic of limestone pavement Scheme and other forms of Complex benthic vegetation of stream) crayfish and limestone agri-environmental UK0014776 Chara spp., semi-natural Austropotamobius quarrying. Malham agreement being used to dry grasslands and pallipes, bullhead Tarn vulnerable to promote appropriate 02 06 59 W scrubland facies: on Cottus gobio, lady`s- nutrient enrichment. management. Limestone 54 06 04 N calcareous substrates slipper orchid Pavement Orders. (Festuco-Brometalia), Cypripedium Molinia meadows on calceolus calcareous, peaty or Qualifying: N/A clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae), active raised bogs *Priority feature, petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) *Priority feature, alkaline fens, limestone pavements *Priority feature Qualifying: Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae, Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines *Priority feature

Asby Complex 3,122.23 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: Geyer`s Overgrazing. Damage Limestone Pavement UK0014778 dry grasslands and whorl snail Vertigo of limestone Orders. Management scrubland facies: on geyeri, slender green pavements. Agreements are being 02 37 14 W calcareous substrates feather-moss sought but may be difficult 54 29 39 N (Festuco-Brometalia), Drepanocladus to achieve on common land. Molinia meadows on (Hamatocaulis) calcareous, peaty or vernicosus clayey-silt-laden soils Qualifying: N/A (Molinion caeruleae), petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) *Priority feature, alkaline fens, limestone pavements *Priority feature Qualifying: Hard oligo- mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp., European dry heaths, calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae *Priority feature

Fenland 618.64 Primary: Molinia Primary: N/A Lack of traditional Constituent sites are all meadows on calcareous, management, water NNRs. English Nature, the UK0014782 Qualifying: Spined peaty or clayey-silt-laden loach Cobitis taenia, abstraction, high EA and Anglian Water 00 16 44 E soils (Molinion nutrients in flood water. looking at water great crested newt caeruleae), calcareous management issues. 52 18 23 N Triturus cristatus fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A

Appendix E E43

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

The Wash and 10,7761.3 Primary: Sandbanks Primary: Common Coastal squeeze. Current management North Norfolk which are slightly seal Phoca vitulina Dredging and coastal underway to address Coast covered by sea water all protection works. concerns over declines in Qualifying: Otter Disturbance. UK0017075 the time, mudflats and Lutra lutra shellfisheries. Disturbance sandflats not covered by of seals addressed through 00 19 05 E seawater at low tide, the Marine Scheme of 52 56 13 N large shallow inlets and Management. bays, reefs, Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand, Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae), Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi) Qualifying: Coastal lagoons *Priority feature

North 1,147.56 Primary: Embryonic Primary: Petalwort Inappropriate grazing Management Agreements, Northumberland shifting dunes, shifting Petalophyllum ralfsii regimes. Invasion of including Countryside Dunes dunes along the Qualifying: N/A non-native plant Stewardship being pursued to address problems. UK0017097 shoreline with Ammophila species. Recreation arenaria (`white dunes`), pressure. 01 48 01 W fixed dunes with 55 41 05 N herbaceous vegetation (`grey dunes`) *Priority feature, dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae), humid dune slacks Qualifying: N/A

North Norfolk 3,207.37 Primary: Coastal Primary: N/A Sea-level rise, coastal Shoreline Management Coast lagoons *Priority feature, Qualifying: Otter retreat, water level Plan, local biodiversity perennial vegetation of management, habitat action plans, water level UK0019838 Lutra lutra, petalwort stony banks, recreation and visitor management plans, Site Petalophyllum ralfsii 00 36 38 E Mediterranean and pressure issues. Management Statements 52 58 08 N thermo-Atlantic and Wildlife Enhancement halophilous scrubs Scheme Agreements. (Sarcocornetea fruticosi), Number of NNRs managed embryonic shifting dunes, by voluntary conservation shifting dunes along the organisations. shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (`white dunes`), fixed dunes with herbaceous vegetation (`grey dunes`) *Priority feature, humid dune slacks Qualifying: N/A

Peak District 2,326.33 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: White- Inappropriate grazing Some parts now managed Dales dry grasslands and clawed (or Atlantic management. under Countryside UK0019859 scrubland facies: on stream) crayfish Drainage. Limestone Stewardship. English calcareous substrates Austropotamobius or mineral extraction. Nature’s White Peak 01 47 16 W (Festuco-Brometalia), pallipes Invasion of non-native Wildlife Enhancement Tilio-Acerion forests of tree species. Scheme to enhance 53 05 29 N Qualifying: Brook conservation value of sites. slopes, screes and lamprey Lampetra ravines *Priority feature planeri, bullhead Cottus gobio

Appendix E E44

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Qualifying: European dry heaths, Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae, alkaline fens, calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii), calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation

Breckland 7,548.06 Primary: Inland dunes Primary: N/A Nutrient deposition from Managed grazing essential. UK0019865 with open Corynephorus Qualifying: Great the atmosphere and Management agreements 00 44 42 E and Agrostis grasslands, crested newt Triturus adjacent land, and ESA payments help to natural eutrophic lakes cristatus tree/shrub invasion, re-introduce largely 52 31 08 N with Magnopotamion or recreational pressure. uneconomic traditional Hydrocharition-type Water abstraction. management. vegetation, European dry heaths, semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco- Brometalia) Qualifying: Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) *Priority feature

Rex Graham 2.67 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Scrub development, Site Management Reserve dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A potential road Statement agreed with UK0019866 scrubland facies: on development, Forest Enterprise and 00 33 03 E calcareous substrates vandalism. Suffolk Wildlife Trust. (Festuco-Brometalia) 52 20 31 N (important orchid sites) *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A

Barnack Hills 23.27 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Recreation pressure. Site leased to, and and Holes dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A managed by, English UK0030031 scrubland facies: on Nature. Management plan 00 24 41 W calcareous substrates in place. (Festuco-Brometalia) 52 37 40 N (important orchid sites) *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A

North Pennine 10,3109.4 Primary: European dry Primary: N/A Overgrazing. Drainage, Wildlife Enhancement and Moors heaths, Juniperus Qualifying: Marsh excessive muirburn. Countryside Stewardship UK0030033 communis formations on saxifrage Saxifraga Acid and nitrogen schemes starting to heaths or calcareous deposition. overcome problems of 01 47 24 W hirculus grasslands, blanket bogs overgrazing. 54 10 10 N *Priority feature, petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) *Priority feature, siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation, old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles

Appendix E E45

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Qualifying: Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix, Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae, siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands, semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia), alkaline fens, siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani), calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation

Denby Grange 18.53 Primary: N/A Primary: Great No real problems English Nature concluded a Colliery Ponds Qualifying: N/A crested newt Triturus currently exist. management agreement UK0030036 cristatus with owners to address the Qualifying: N/A loss of terrestrial hibernation 01 35 26 W habitat. 53 38 01 N

Devil’s Dyke 8.02 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Scrub encroachment of Future management plans UK0030037 dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A grassland. to address leaf-litter build up scrubland facies: on through a mowing regime 00 21 32 E calcareous substrates being considered. 52 14 01 N (Festuco-Brometalia) (important orchid sites) *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A

Eller’s Wood and 4.09 Primary: N/A Primary: Geyer`s Human and livestock English Nature Sand Dale Qualifying: Petrifying whorl snail Vertigo pressure. Management Agreement UK0030039 springs with tufa geyeri 00 41 00 W formation (Cratoneurion) Qualifying: N/A *Priority feature 54 15 08 N

Grimsthorpe 0.35 Primary: N/A Primary: Early Overgrazing. Managed under the terms of UK0030043 Qualifying: Semi-natural gentian Gentianella a Management Agreement anglica with English Nature. 00 28 09 W dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on Qualifying: N/A 52 46 19 N calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)

Orton Pit 74.47 Primary: Hard oligo- Primary: Great Disturbance, In the process of being UK0030053 mesotrophic waters with crested newt Triturus development. converted into a dedicated benthic vegetation of cristatus nature reserve for which a 00 17 06 W Chara spp. Qualifying: N/A management plan is being 52 32 04 N Qualifying: N/A prepared.

Portholme 91.93 Primary: Lowland hay Primary: N/A Good condition, long Part of the site subject to UK0030054 meadows (Alopecurus Qualifying: N/A history of favourable Countryside Stewardship pratensis, Sanguisorba management. agreement aimed at 00 11 03 W officinalis) maintaining alluvial flood 52 19 15 N Qualifying: N/A meadow. EA produced a Water Level Management plan.

Appendix E E46

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Baston Fen 2.2 Primary: N/A Primary: Spined No details. Effects of drain loach Cobitis taenia UK0030085 Qualifying: N/A management presently unknown. Qualifying: N/A 00 19 01 W 52 44 21 N

Beast Cliff – 260.2 Primary: Vegetated sea Primary: N/A Coastal erosion. Preferred coastal defence Whitby (Robin cliffs of the Atlantic and Qualifying: N/A option as outlined in the Hood’s Bay) Baltic coasts Shoreline Management UK0030086 Qualifying: N/A Plan is ‘do nothing’. 00 31 02 W 54 24 50 N

Bee‘s Nest and 14.76 Primary: N/A Primary: Great Further mineral Ponds require maintenance Green Clay Pits Qualifying: Semi-natural crested newt extraction of silica and enhancement UK0030087 dry grasslands and Triturus cristatus sands. Unauthorised management for the newts. excavation and tipping. 01 38 29 W scrubland facies: on Qualifying: N/A calcareous substrates Inappropriate grazing. 53 05 12 N (Festuco-Brometalia)

Durham Coast 393.63 Primary: Vegetated sea Primary: N/A No details Parts of site managed as UK0030140 cliffs of the Atlantic and Qualifying: N/A NNR. Majority of site in Baltic coasts public ownership and 01 17 34 W Qualifying: N/A management plan is being 54 45 32 N developed.

Arnecliff and 52.49 Primary: N/A Primary: Killarney Extensive disturbance No details. Park Hole Qualifying: Old sessile fern Trichomanes for both iron workings Woods oak woods with Ilex and speciosum and woodland UK0030142 Blechnum in the British Qualifying: N/A management. 00 47 16 W Isles 54 26 00 N

Hatfield Moor 1,363.55 Primary: Degraded Primary: N/A Peat cutting and water Water Level Management UK0030166 raised bogs still capable Qualifying: N/A abstraction, drainage, Plans, Site Management of natural regeneration adjacent aggregate Statements, NNR 00 56 38 W Qualifying: N/A extraction affects management and Wildlife 53 32 37 N groundwater levels. Enhancement Scheme.

Helbeck and 136.38 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A Overgrazing. Agri-environment schemes Swindale Woods forests of slopes, screes Qualifying: N/A and management UK0030167 and ravines * Priority agreements. feature 02 20 02 W Qualifying: N/A 54 32 32 N

Kirk Deighton 4.03 Primary: N/A Primary: Great Water quantity issues. Fencing of the pond and UK0030178 Qualifying: N/A crested newt Triturus Overgrazing of pond setting aside a small section cristatus edges. of the pasture to improve 01 23 47 W Qualifying: N/A the habitat for newts. 53 56 43 N

Nene Washes 88.19 Primary: N/A Primary: Spined Water quality, turbidity Water Level Management UK0030222 Qualifying: N/A loach Cobitis taenia and sediment issues. Plan. Qualifying: N/A Water abstraction. 00 04 42 W Sewage. Large-scale 52 34 22 N mineral extraction could affect the site by underground seepage, increased turbidity.

Appendix E E47

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

North York 44,082.25 Primary: Northern Primary: N/A Drainage and Majority of the moorland Moors Atlantic wet heaths with Qualifying: N/A overburning. Potential managed for both sheep Erica tetralix, European under-grazing. farming (by farmers) and for UK0030228 dry heaths the sporting shooting of 00 54 15 W Qualifying: Blanket bogs grouse (by estates). 54 24 33 N *Priority feature

Overstrand Cliffs 30.02 Primary: Vegetated sea Primary: N/A Coastal protection Shoreline Management UK0030232 cliffs of the Atlantic and Qualifying: N/A measures and possible Plan allows for 'do nothing', Baltic coasts artificial drainage of i.e. retreat along all but the 01 19 30 E Qualifying: N/A seepages to reduce extreme eastern end of this 52 55 23 N slippages. section.

Ox Close 141.25 Primary: Calaminarian Primary: N/A Overgrazing by rabbits Rabbit control programme. UK0030234 grasslands of the Qualifying: N/A and livestock. Fencing to reduce livestock Violetalia calaminariae grazing of metalliferous 02 01 28 W Qualifying: Semi-natural grassland. 54 18 29 N dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia), Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines *Priority feature

Paston Great 0.95 Primary: N/A Primary: Barbastelle Disturbance. Medieval building which is Barn Qualifying: N/A Barbastella Recreation pressure. scheduled as an ancient UK0030235 barbastellus monument. Proposals to Qualifying: N/A develop part of the 01 26 58 E outbuildings. 52 51 26 N

River Derwent 411.23 Primary: N/A Primary: River Water level and quality Issues relating to water UK0030253 Qualifying: Water lamprey Lampetra issues and flooding. control levels being fluviatilis addressed through a 00 55 40 W courses of plain to montane levels with the Qualifying: Sea collaborative project 53 55 03 N Ranunculion fluitantis lamprey Petromyzon between EN, EA and and Callitricho- marinus, bullhead Yorkshire Water. Batrachion vegetation Cottus gobio, otter Lutra lutra

Saltfleetby– 960.2 Primary: Shifting dunes Primary: N/A Changes in Majority of sites are NNRs. Theddlethorpe along the shoreline with Qualifying: N/A sedimentation rates Dunes and Ammophila arenaria along the coast caused Gibraltar Point (`white dunes`), fixed by coastal protection UK0030270 dunes with herbaceous schemes. Recreational vegetation (`grey dunes`) disturbance. 00 13 33 E *Priority feature, dunes 53 23 28 N with Hippophae rhamnoides, humid dune slacks Qualifying: Embryonic shifting dunes

295.2 Primary: Northern Primary: N/A Lack of management – Management agreement is Skipwith Atlantic wet heaths with Qualifying: N/A scrub encroachment of in place and a large-scale Common Erica tetralix, European heathland. heathland regeneration dry heaths project being pursued. UK0030276 Qualifying: N/A Extant permission for deep 00 59 51 W coal mining. 53 49 40 N

Appendix E E48

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

South Pennine 64,983.13 Primary: European dry Primary: N/A Recreation pressure, Management strategy and Moors heaths, Blanket bogs Qualifying: N/A accidental fires, over- conservation action UK0030280 *Priority feature, Old grazing, muirburn. programme produced as sessile oak woods with Atmospheric pollution part of an EU-funded LIFE 01 46 59 W Ilex and Blechnum in the depleting blanket bog, project for the area to the 53 27 37 N British Isles wet heath and transition north of the National Park. Qualifying: Northern mire. Loss of forest Within Park, North Peak habitat. and South West Peak Atlantic wet heaths with ESAs. Countryside Erica tetralix, transition mires and quaking bogs Stewardship Scheme and Wildlife Enhancement Scheme (WES) also being used to achieve favourable management.

Strensall 569.63 Primary: Northern Primary: N/A Scrub encroachment. English Nature pursuing the Common Atlantic wet heaths with Qualifying: N/A possibility of a large-scale UK0030284 Erica tetralix, European heathland regeneration 01 00 21 W dry heaths project for the site. Qualifying: N/A 54 01 47 N

Eversden and 66.48 Primary: N/A Primary: Barbastelle Current use, including Owned and managed by the Wimpole Woods Qualifying: N/A Barbastella public access National Trust and their barbastellus considered compatible. management is aimed at UK0030331 Qualifying: N/A maintaining, and where 00 02 05 W possible, enhancing 52 09 32 N barbastelle bat population.

Fen Bog 27.49 Primary: Transition Primary: N/A Lowering of the existing No details. UK0030332 mires and quaking bogs Qualifying: N/A water table by 00 41 23 W Qualifying: N/A drainage. Fires, bracken spraying 54 21 55 N chemicals.

Simonside Hills 2,082.6 Primary: European dry Primary: N/A Burning, drainage, Various management plans UK0030336 heaths, Qualifying: N/A recreational pressure, - MOD, Forest Enterprise, 02 01 44 W Qualifying: Blanket bogs scrub invasion. National Park Authority. *Priority feature Wildlife Enhancement 55 16 02 N Scheme.

Inner Dowsing, 90,626.23 Interest features include Sandbanks: Moderately vulnerable to Management practices to Race Bank and Annex I Reefs and Removal, Physical disturbance or abrasion and be developed to identify North Ridge Sandbanks which are selective extraction of species. Vulnerable at relevant threats. pSAC Slightly Covered by Sea low levels to Obstruction, Introduction of 0 41 7.69 E Water all the Time. synthetic compounds and non-synthetic compounds, Changes in suspended sediment 53 15 28.32N and Changes in turbidity. Reefs: Highly vulnerable to Removal, Obstruction, Physical disturbance or abrasion. Moderately vulnerable to Selective extraction of species and Smothering. Vulnerable at low levels Introduction of synthetic and non-synthetic compounds, Changes in suspended sediment and Changes in turbidity.

Haisborough, 184,808.77 Annex I Sandbanks Moderately vulnerable to Physical disturbance Management practices to Hammond and which are Slightly or abrasion and Selective extraction of species. be developed to identify Winterton pSAC Covered by Sea Water all Vulnerable at low levels to Removal, relevant threats. 1 54 58.05 E the Time. Smothering, Obstruction, Introduction of synthetic compounds and Introduction of non- 52 50 08.29 N synthetic compounds, Changes in suspended sediment and Changes in turbidity.

Appendix E E49

Table E.8 Summary Details of Relevant Special Protection Areas (SPAs) in SEA 3

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Breckland 39,433.66 During the breeding N/A Stone-curlew, nightjar A recovery project season: UK9009201 and woodlark are operates to find nests, vulnerable to advise landowners on 00 35 39 E Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus, stone predation from their operations which corvids and foxes and might affect stone- 52 30 54 N curlew Burhinus to disturbance caused curlews, and to ring oedicnemus, woodlark Lullula arborea by human activity, chicks. Management including dog-walking. agreements are in High nitrogen loads place to provide nest from air pollution, plots and thus development safeguard the pressure and egg population. collection are threats.

Thorne and Hatfield 2,449.2 During the breeding N/A Lack of management NNR management Moors season: and re-wetting plans. Review of operations on areas extant peat extraction UK9005171 Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus outside of those permissions under the 00 53 53 W currently worked for Habitats Regulations. 53 38 16 N peat.

Coquet Island 22.28 During the breeding N/A Erosion and Site managed by the UK9006031 season: vegetation loss RSPB as a nature through burrowing reserve. Arctic tern Sterna 01 32 14 W rabbits and puffins. paradisaea, common 55 20 06 N tern Sterna hirundo, roseate tern Sterna dougallii, Sandwich tern Sterna sandvicensis

Teesmouth and 1,247.31 During the breeding Over winter: Natural sedimentation Development Cleveland Coast season: Knot Calidris canutus, and eutrophication of addressed via sheltered mudflats. planning UK9006061 Little tern Sterna On passage: Future port system/Habitats 01 07 07 W albifrons Redshank Tringa totanus development. Regs. Other issues On passage: 54 37 50 N Recreation pressure. by Site Management Assemblage Statements, NNR Sandwich tern Sterna qualification: sandvicensis bylaws and Tees Over winter, the area Estuary Management regularly supports 21,312 Plan. individual waterfowl including: knot Calidris canutus.

Lower Derwent 915.45 Over winter: During the breeding Eutrophication from Coal mining occurs Valley season: Bewick's swan Cygnus agricultural run-off adjacent to site and is and domestic monitored via a UK9006092 columbianus, golden Shoveler Anas clypeata sewage. Water planning agreement. 00 55 34 W plover Pluvialis Over winter: apricaria, ruff abstraction and water quality issues. 53 53 04 N Philomachus pugnax Teal Anas crecca, wigeon Anas penelope Recreational disturbance. Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 40,616 individual waterfowl including: Bewick's swan Cygnus columbianus, wigeon Anas penelope,

Appendix E E50

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

teal Anas crecca, golden plover Pluvialis apricaria, ruff Philomachus pugnax.

Flamborough Head 212.17 N/A During the breeding No details. Part of a European and Bempton Cliffs season: Marine Site. EN will UK9006101 Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla set conservation objectives; identify 00 06 48 W key human activities 54 07 55 N which may affect the ornithological interest; identify survey and monitoring systems.

Humber Flats, 15,202.53 During the breeding Over winter: Coastal squeeze, Wider estuarine Marshes and Coasts season: Dunlin Calidris alpina, encroachment from management issues flood defences, and co-ordinated through UK9006111 Bittern Botaurus knot Calidris canutus, changing levels of Humber Estuary stellaris, marsh harrier redshank Tringa totanus, 00 00 39 W sewage and effluent Management Circus aeruginosus, shelduck Tadorna discharge. Strategy. Also 53 37 58 N avocet Recurvirostra tadorna, black-tailed Estuary Shoreline avosetta, little tern godwit Limosa limosa Sterna albifrons islandica Management Plan (ESMP). Over winter: On passage: bittern Botaurus Redshank Tringa stellaris, hen harrier totanus, Dunlin Calidris Circus cyaneus, Bar- alpina, knot Calidris tailed godwit Limosa canutus, black-tailed lapponica, golden godwit Limosa limosa plover Pluvialis islandica apricaria, avocet Assemblage Recurvirostra avosetta qualification: On passage: Over winter, the area Ruff Philomachus regularly supports pugnax 153,934 individual waterfowl including: teal Anas crecca, wigeon Anas penelope, mallard Anas platyrhynchos, turnstone Arenaria interpres, pochard Aythya ferina, scaup Aythya marila, bittern Botaurus stellaris, dark-bellied brent goose Branta bernicla bernicla, goldeneye Bucephala clangula, knot Calidris canutus, dunlin Calidris alpina, sanderling Calidris alba, ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica, black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa islandica, curlew Numenius arquata, whimbrel Numenius phaeopus, ruff Philomachus pugnax,

Appendix E E51

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

golden plover Pluvialis apricaria, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, greenshank Tringa nebularia, redshank Tringa totanus, lapwing Vanellus vanellus.

Northumbria Coast 1,107.98 During the breeding Over winter: Disturbance by National Trust season: tourists in the summer employs wardens to UK9006131 Purple sandpiper Calidris Little Tern Sterna maritima, turnstone causing reduced little protect little tern 01 35 18 W tern breeding colony. albifrons Arenaria interpres 55 27 58 N success.

North York Moors 44,087.68 During the breeding N/A Overgrazing, gripping Majority of site being UK9006161 season: and heather burning. managed in a desirable way. 00 53 01 W Golden plover Pluvialis apricaria, merlin Falco 54 23 43 N columbarius

Hornsea Mere 231.2 N/A During the breeding Water level and Issues regarding season: quality issues. UK9006171 water levels, water mute swan Cygnus olor quality and habitat 00 11 30 W management 53 54 15 N Over winter: addressed in the Gadwall Anas strepera Heritage Management Plan.

North Pennine 147,246.41 During the breeding N/A Inappropriate grazing Site managed via Moors season: and burning regimes. management Recreation pressure. agreements and UK9006272 Golden plover Pluvialis apricaria, hen harrier Acidic and nitrogen related incentives, 02 14 49 W deposition damage to Site Management Circus cyaneus, merlin vegetation. Statements and 54 39 24 N Falco columbarius, peregrine Falco pollution control mechanisms. peregrinus

South Pennine 20,936.53 During the breeding Assemblage Heavy recreational Integrated Moors Phase 2 season: qualification: During the pressure. management strategy UK9007022 Golden plover Pluvialis breeding season the area Overgrazing. and conservation regularly supports: dunlin Adjacent intensive action programme as apricaria, merlin Falco 02 04 16 W Calidris alpina alpina, agriculture. part of EU-funded columbarius, short- LIFE project. 53 48 38 N eared owl Asio snipe Gallinago gallinago, curlew flammeus Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus, lapwing Vanellus vanellus, common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos, twite Carduelis flavirostris, northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe, whinchat Saxicola rubetra, ring ouzel Turdus torquatus.

Appendix E E52

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Peak District Moors 45,270.52 During the breeding During the breeding Significant visitor Initiatives for (South Pennine season: season: pressure and sustainable recreation Moors Phase 1) Golden plover Pluvialis Dunlin Calidris alpina disturbance from being developed. major urban and Two separate ESAs UK9007021 apricaria, merlin Falco industrial centres. encourage and 01 45 51 W columbarius, peregrine Falco peregrinus, short- Historic air pollution, support habitat high grazing pressure restoration. 53 28 03 N eared owl Asio and wildfire burns. flammeus

The Wash 62,211.66 During the breeding Over winter: Coastal squeeze, Management scheme season: UK9008021 pintail Anas acuta, coastal defence developed jointly for works, sea-level rise, the SAC/SPA. Common tern Sterna wigeon Anas penelope, 00 17 12 E and storm surges. Management hirundo, little tern gadwall Anas strepera, 52 56 16 N Sterna albifrons pink-footed goose Anser Changes in sediment agreements with MOD budget caused by over weapon ranges. brachyrhynchus, Over winter: dredging and coastal Wash Estuary turnstone Arenaria bar-tailed godwit interpres, dark-bellied protection, Management Plan construction of river and Local Limosa lapponica, brent goose Branta training walls and Environment Agency Bewick's swan Cygnus bernicla, goldeneye flood defence works. Plans. columbianus bewickii Bucephala clangula, Gas exploration. sanderling Calidris alba, Water abstraction. dunlin Calidris alpina, knot Calidris canutus, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, Black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa islandica, common scoter Melanitta nigra, curlew Numenius arquata, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, redshank Tringa totanus. Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 400,367 individual waterfowl including: Bewick's swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii, pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus, dark- bellied brent goose Branta bernicla, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, wigeon Anas penelope, gadwall Anas strepera, pintail Anas acuta, common scoter Melanitta nigra, goldeneye Bucephala clangula, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, knot Calidris canutus, dunlin Calidris alpina, sanderling Calidris alba, black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa islandica, bar-tailed

Appendix E E53

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

godwit Limosa lapponica, curlew Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus, turnstone Arenaria interpres.

Gibraltar Point 414.09 During the breeding Over winter: High visitor pressure. Contingency plans season: Seaborne pollution, exist for dealing with UK9008022 Grey plover Pluvialis Little tern Sterna squatarola, knot Calidris particularly accidental oil spills. Broadly 00 20 16 E discharge from coincides with the albifrons canutus 53 06 00 N shipping or from area declared as a Over winter: inshore oil and gas NNR and managed by Bar-tailed godwit drilling operations. local Wildlife Trust. Limosa lapponica

Nene Washes 1,517.49 Over winter: During the breeding Water level issues. Nene Washes season: UK9008031 Bewick's swan Cygnus Management Strategy Group - Management columbianus bewickii Black-tailed godwit 00 04 33 W Plan agreed and a Limosa limosa, shoveler 52 34 41 N Anas clypeata, garganey Water Level Management Plan Anas querquedula, gadwall Anas strepera currently being drafted. Over winter: Pintail Anas acuta, shoveler Anas clypeata, teal Anas crecca, wigeon Anas penelope, gadwall Anas strepera

Rutland Water 1,556.87 N/A Over winter: Recreation pressure, Management currently UK9008051 Gadwall Anas strepera, nutrient inputs, compatible with changes in water recreation uses shoveler Anas clypeata, 00 39 54 W level. Eutrophication. except in periods of wigeon Anas penelope, drawdown. 52 38 52 N teal Anas crecca, tufted duck Aythya fuligula, mute swan Cygnus olor, coot Fulica atra, goosander Mergus merganser, great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 25,037 individual waterfowl including: great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus, wigeon Anas penelope, Gadwall Anas strepera, teal Anas crecca, shoveler Anas clypeata, tufted duck Aythya fuligula, goldeneye Bucephala clangula, goosander Mergus merganser, coot Fulica atra

Appendix E E54

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

North Norfolk Coast 7,886.79 During the breeding During the breeding Sea level rise, storm Visitor management season: season: UK9009031 surges and changes strategy developed bittern Botaurus Redshank Tringa in erosion patterns through the Norfolk 00 35 55 E affecting freshwater Coast Project. stellaris, marsh harrier totanus, ringed plover grazing marsh and Shoreline 52 58 13 N Circus aeruginosus, Charadrius hiaticula avocet Recurvirostra reedbed habitats. management strategy Over winter: Water abstraction. will address many of avosetta, little tern Visitor pressure. the issues. Large Sterna albifrons, wigeon Anas penelope, common tern Sterna pink-footed goose Anser parts of the site managed as nature hirundo, sandwich tern brachyrhynchus, dark- reserves. Sterna sandvicensis bellied brent goose Branta bernicla, knot Over winter: Calidris canutus, Avocet Recurvirostra Assemblage avosetta qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 91,536 individual waterfowl including: pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus, dark- bellied brent goose Branta bernicla, wigeon Anas penelope, avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, knot Calidris canutus.

Broadland 5,462.4 During the breeding Over winter: Increased saline Broads Plan (Broads UK9009253 season: Gadwall Anas strepera intrusion. Authority). Water Eutrophication. Level Management Bittern Botaurus 01 36 00 E Recreational Plans and ESA stellaris, marsh harrier pressure. Drainage. 52 43 56 N Circus aeruginosus scheme encouraging sensitive Over winter: management. Flood Bewick's swan Cygnus defence works in columbianus, hen accordance with EA harrier Circus cyaneus, Broads Strategy. whooper swan Cygnus cygnus

Great Yarmouth 149.19 During the breeding N/A Coast protection Beach Management North Denes season: schemes disrupting or Plans required before UK9009271 Little Tern Sterna reducing sediment works proceed. supply to the SPA. Wardening jointly albifrons 01 41 10 E Recreation pressure. undertaken by RSPB 52 44 02 N and EN.

Appendix E E55

Table E.9 Summary Details of Relevant Ramsar Sites in SEA Area 3

Code/ Area Name Description Criteria* Adverse Factors Location (ha)

UK11010 Broadland 5,488.61 Includes the river valley systems of the Bure, Yare and 6, 2 Introduction of exotic 01 36 00 E Waveney and their major tributaries. Open distinctive animals, landscape comprises a complex and interlinked mosaic of drainage/reclamation, 52 43 56 N wetland habitats including open water, reedbeds, carr water diversion, woodland, grazing marsh and fen meadow. Important for eutrophication, recreation, tourism, agriculture and wildlife. recreation disturbance.

UK11019 Dersingham 157.75 East Anglia's largest remaining example of a pure acid valley 2 No factors reported 00 29 06 E Bog mire, supports extensive bog, wet heath and transition communities over peat. Sustained by groundwater, fed via 52 49 49 N springs and seepage, from the underlying greensand. Internationally important plant communities, important assemblages of birds and invertebrates.

UK11027 Gibraltar 414.09 Consists of an actively accreting sand dune system, 6, 5, 1, 2 General disturbance 00 20 16 E Point saltmarsh and extensive intertidal flats. All stages of dune development are represented, with the older dunes 53 06 00 N extensively colonised by scrub. Small areas of freshwater marsh and open water. Accommodates large numbers of overwintering birds.

UK11031 Humber 15,202.53 Inner estuary supports extensive areas of reedbed with areas 4, 6, 5, 3 No factors reported 00 00 39 W Flats, of mature and developing saltmarsh backed by grazing marsh Marshes in the middle and outer estuary. On the north Lincolnshire 53 37 58 N and Coast coast the saltmarsh is backed by low sand dunes with marshy (Phase 1) slacks and brackish pools. Supports internationally important numbers of waterfowl in winter and breeding populations in summer.

UK11037 Lower 915.45 One of the most important examples of traditionally managed 5, 6, 2, 4, Water diversion, 1 00 55 34 W Derwent species-rich alluvial flood meadow habitat remaining in the reservoir/dam: Valley flooding 53 53 04 N UK. The river and these flood lands play a substantial role in the hydrological and ecological functioning of the internationally important Humber basin.

UK11038 Malham 286.26 Comprises areas of open water, fen, soligenous fen and 1, 2 No factors reported Tarn 02 09 44 W raised bog. These habitats hold important communities of rare plant species and wetland invertebrates, and are of types 54 05 46 N now highly restricted due to drainage and land use changes.

UK11046 Nene 1,517.49 Extensive area of seasonally-flooding wet grassland of 6, 2 Vegetation 00 04 33 W Washes importance for national and international populations of succession breeding and wintering waders and wildfowl. Also notable for 52 34 41 N the diversity of plant and associated animal life within its network of dykes.

UK11048 North 7,862.39 Low-lying barrier coast site extends for 40km and includes 1, 2, 6, 5 No factors reported 00 35 55 E Norfolk intertidal sands and muds, saltmarshes, shingle and sand Coast dunes, together with areas of land-claimed freshwater grazing 52 58 13 N marsh and reedbed. Both freshwater and marine habitats support internationally important numbers of wildfowl in winter and several nationally rare breeding birds. The sandflats, sand dune, saltmarsh, shingle and saline lagoons habitats are of international importance for their fauna, flora and geomorphology.

Appendix E E56

Code/ Area Name Description Criteria* Adverse Factors Location (ha)

UK11049 Northumbria 1,107.98 Comprises several discrete sections of rocky foreshore which 6 No factors reported Coast 01 35 18 W regularly support nationally important numbers of purple sandpiper and high concentrations of turnstone. Also 55 27 58 N includes an area of sandy beach at Low Newton, which supports an nationally important breeding colony of little tern, and parts of three artificial pier structures which form important roost sites for purple sandpiper.

UK11051 Ouse 2,469.08 Seasonally-flooded washland habitat managed in a traditional 2, 6, 1, 5 Eutrophication, Washes 00 12 19E agricultural manner. Support nationally and internationally reservoir/dam: important numbers of wintering waterfowl and nationally flooding, vegetation 52 28 34N important numbers of breeding waterfowl. Large area of succession unimproved neutral grassland communities and rich aquatic flora.

UK11061 Roydon 194.1 Lowland mixed valley mire surrounded by heathland. Dry 1, 3 No factors reported Common 00 30 02 E heath of the upper slopes is hydrologically linked with wetter lower slopes, which experience seasonal waterlogging and 52 46 24 N are colonised by wet heath. Valley bottom permanently waterlogged, and comprises acid bog and nutrient-poor fen communities, blending into more base-rich fen and carr woodland in the valley bottom.

UK11062 Rutland 1,360.34 Large eutrophic man-made reservoir. Supports 6, 5 No factors reported Water 00 39 54 W internationally important numbers of gadwall and shoveler and nationally important numbers of eight other species of 52 38 52 N wildfowl.

UK11068 Teesmouth 1,247.31 Range of habitats (sand and mudflats, rocky shore, 5, 6 Eutrophication 01 07 07 W and saltmarsh, freshwater marsh and sand dunes) on and around 54 37 50 N Cleveland an estuary which has been much-modified by human Coast activities. Together these habitats support internationally important numbers of waterbirds.

UK11072 The Wash 62,211.66 Extensive saltmarshes, intertidal banks of sand and mud, 6, 5, 3, 1 Over-fishing 00 17 12 E shallow waters and deep channels. Important staging post and over-wintering site for migrant wildfowl and wading birds. 52 56 16 N Supports valuable shellfish fishery and also an important nursery area for flatfish. Important for breeding common seal and some grey seals. Sublittoral area supports a number of different marine communities.

Appendix E E57

Summary Details of Sites of International Importance in SEA Area 4

Figure E.4 International Designations in SEA Area 4

Appendix E E58

Table E.10 Summary Details of Relevant Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in SEA Area 4

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Severn 73,715.4 Primary: Estuaries, Primary: Sea lamprey The estuary is vulnerable A management scheme Estuary/Môr Mudflats and sandflats Petromyzon marinus, to land-claim, aggregate under Regulation 34 of Hafren not covered by River lamprey Lampetra extraction, physical the Habitats Regulations UK0013030 seawater at low tide, fluviatilis, Twaite shad developments such as was established in 2004 Atlantic salt meadows Alosa fallax barrage construction, in relation to the 02 58 41 W (Glauco- Qualifying: N/A flood defences, industrial international bird interest. 51 28 07 N Puccinellietalia pollution, oil spillage and Mechanisms are in place maritimae) tourism related to produce both disturbance. Qualifying: Regulation 33 advice and a management scheme Sandbanks which are for the SAC once the site slightly covered by sea water all the time, reefs goes forward. The Severn Estuary Partnership seeks to deliver holistic management of the uses of the estuary. In Wales, Community Strategies and Local Biodiversity Action Plans also contribute to achieving the conservation aims for the Estuary.

Kenfig/Cynffig 1,191.67 Primary: Fixed dunes Primary: Petalwort Under-grazing. Maintenance of UK0012566 with herbaceous Petalophyllum ralfsii, fen Introduced species. hydrological regime of vegetation (`grey orchid Liparis loeselii dune systems essential. 03 44 41 W dunes`) *Priority Qualifying: N/A NNRs at Kenfig and 51 31 06 N feature, dunes with Merthyr Mawr. Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae), humid dune slacks, hard oligo- mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. Qualifying: Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco- Puccinellietalia maritimae)

River Wye/Afon 2,234.89 Primary: Water Primary: White-clawed See Southern and South Gwy courses of plain to (or Atlantic stream) West England section for details. UK0012642 montane levels with crayfish the Ranunculion Austropotamobius 03 17 59 W fluitantis and pallipes, sea lamprey 52 01 24 N Callitricho-Batrachion Petromyzon marinus, vegetation brook lamprey Qualifying: Transition Lampetra planeri, river lamprey Lampetra mires and quaking bogs fluviatilis, Twaite shad Alosa fallax, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, bullhead Cottus gobio, otter Lutra lutra Qualifying: Allis shad Alosa alosa

Appendix E E59

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Wye Valley 916.24 Primary: Asperulo- Primary: N/A See Southern and South Woodlands/ Fagetum beech West England section for Qualifying: Lesser Coetiroedd forests, Tilio-Acerion details. horseshoe bat Dyffryn Gwy forests of slopes, Rhinolophus screes and ravines UK0012727 hipposideros *Priority feature, Taxus 02 40 43 W baccata woods of the 51 39 28 N British Isles *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A

Rodborough 104.26 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A See Southern and South Common dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A West England section for details. UK0012826 scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates 02 13 06 W (Festuco-Brometalia) 51 43 51 N Qualifying: N/A

Crymlyn Bog/ 299.45 Primary: Transition Primary: N/A Scrub encroachment. NNR management plan. Cors Crymlyn mires and quaking Qualifying: N/A Water quantity. Changes Since announcement in UK0012885 bogs, calcareous fens in water quality influenced 1997 of closure of the BP with Cladium mariscus by industrial effluent Llandarcy Oil Refinery 03 53 18 W and species of the sources such as oil, number of studies have 51 38 11 N Caricion davallianae pulverised fuel ash and been completed to *Priority feature iron-rich mine adit assess site’s hydrology discharge. and the influence of Qualifying: Alluvial forests with Alnus historic hydrocarbon contamination. glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) *Priority feature

Berwyn a 27,221.21 Primary: European dry Primary: N/A Inappropriate agricultural Management Mynyddoedd de heaths, blanket bogs Qualifying: N/A development (drainage, Agreements with owners Clwyd/Berwyn *Priority feature reseeding, application of and occupiers and and South Clwyd Qualifying: Semi- fertilisers, burning, track through joint agreements Mountains natural dry grasslands construction, damaging with the Tir Gofal UK0012926 and scrubland facies: grazing regimes). scheme. Recreation pressure. 03 36 26 W on calcareous substrates (Festuco- 52 50 19 N Brometalia), transition mires and quaking bogs, calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii), calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation

River Usk/Afon 1,007.71 Primary: N/A Primary: Sea lamprey Habitat degradation. Excellent habitat for six Wysg Qualifying: Water Petromyzon marinus, Water abstraction. Annex II freshwater fish UK0013007 courses of plain to brook lamprey including salmon and Lampetra planeri, river shads. Usk Catchment 03 00 50 W montane levels with the Ranunculion lamprey Lampetra Management Plan, the 51 47 45 N fluitantis and fluviatilis, twaite shad Conservation Strategy, Callitricho-Batrachion Alosa fallax, Atlantic the River SSSI vegetation salmon Salmo salar, Management Plan, and bullhead Cottus gobio, by the CCW and EA otter Lutra lutra encouraging owners and

Appendix E E60

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Qualifying: Allis shad occupiers to carry out Alosa alosa positive habitat management through agreements and agri- environment schemes.

Cwm Cadlan 83.93 Primary: Molinia Primary: N/A Base enrichment (from Grasslands dependent UK0013585 meadows on Qualifying: N/A rising groundwater) and on continuance of low calcareous, peaty or moisture content. intensity agricultural 03 30 19 W clayey-silt-laden soils Operations influencing management with 51 46 38 N (Molinion caeruleae), groundwater. minimal use of agro- alkaline fens chemicals. Qualifying: N/A

Wye Valley and 142.7 Primary: N/A Primary: Lesser Human disturbance, Planning regulation, Forest of Dean Qualifying: N/A horseshoe bat structural alteration and management Bat Sites/ Rhinolophus changes in ventilation agreements and Safleoedd hipposideros, greater conditions. monitoring of individual Ystlumod Dyffryn horseshoe bat roosts. Site Management Statements Gwy a Fforest y Rhinolophus Ddena ferrumequinum agreed with the owners Qualifying: N/A of working mines to UK0014794 secure conservation of 02 34 21 W the populations alongside continued working. 51 44 15 N Preparation of Cave Conservation Plans.

Aberbargoed 39.78 Primary: N/A Primary: Marsh fritillary Under-grazing and lack of Management plan drawn Grasslands butterfly Euphydryas traditional management. up and discussions with Qualifying: Molinia Vandalism. UK0030071 meadows on (Eurodryas, Hypodryas) owners towards securing aurinia a management calcareous, peaty or 03 12 35 W agreement. clayey-silt-laden soils Qualifying: N/A 51 41 06 N (Molinion caeruleae)

Sugar Loaf 173.84 Primary: Old sessile Primary: N/A Grazing, fires. Airborne Majority of woodland on Woodlands oak woods with Ilex Qualifying: N/A acid and nutrient common land grazed by UK0030072 and Blechnum in the deposition may also be a sheep. Agri-environment British Isles problem. schemes offer the best 03 01 23 W Qualifying: N/A mechanism for securing 51 50 36 N favourable management in the longer term.

Alyn Valley 168.3 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A Previous mineral and Part managed as a Woods/ forests of slopes, Qualifying: N/A limestone workings. Country Park. Visitor Coedwigoedd screes and ravines Recreation pressure. management, footpath Dyffryn Alun *Priority feature maintenance and woodland management UK0030078 Qualifying: Semi- undertaken through the 03 12 05 W natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: Ranger Service and under a WGS. 53 09 31 N on calcareous substrates (Festuco- Brometalia), alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) *Priority feature

Appendix E E61

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Blackmill 71.01 Primary: Old sessile Primary: N/A See Southern and South Woodlands West England for details. oak woods with Ilex Qualifying: N/A UK0030090 and Blechnum in the British Isles 03 32 39 W Qualifying: N/A 51 33 41 N

Blaen Cynon 66.83 Primary: N/A Primary: Marsh fritillary Maintenance of the Agricultural management UK0030092 Qualifying: N/A butterfly Euphydryas hydrological regime and over the majority of the (Eurodryas, Hypodryas) continuation of traditional site through management 03 31 41 W aurinia agricultural management. agreements with owners 51 44 54 N Qualifying: N/A Burning, housing, and occupiers. opencast or other industrial development and pollution.

Cardiff Beech 115.62 Primary: Asperulo- Primary: N/A Recreational pressure. Extensively managed for Woods Fagetum beech forests Qualifying: N/A timber production in the past and currently UK0030109 Qualifying: Tilio- Acerion forests of managed through 03 16 14 W Woodland Grant slopes, screes and 51 32 02 N ravines *Priority feature Scheme. Number of limestone quarries in the locality, and issues arising from these addressed through the planning system.

Glaswelltiroedd 58.35 Primary: Molinia Primary: N/A Quantity and base status Maintenance of grazing of the groundwater. Cefn Cribwr/ meadows on Qualifying: Marsh regime and water level. Cefn Cribwr calcareous, peaty or Management fritillary butterfly Grasslands clayey-silt-laden soils agreements will be used Euphydryas (Eurodryas, UK0030113 (Molinion caeruleae) Hypodryas) aurinia to secure appropriate Qualifying: N/A management over the 03 37 41 W whole area. 51 32 06 N

Dunraven Bay 6.47 Primary: N/A Primary: Shore dock Changes in hydrology. Lies within Glamorgan UK0030139 Qualifying: N/A Rumex rupestris Heritage Coast. Qualifying: N/A Managed by agreement 03 36 09 W for the plant communities 51 26 32 N it supports.

Coedydd Nedd a 378.18 Primary: Old sessile Primary: N/A Grazing. Recreational Majority of the woodland Mellte oak woods with Ilex Qualifying: N/A pressure. Airborne acid owned by Forestry and nutrient deposition. UK0030141 and Blechnum in the Commission and is British Isles ungrazed. 03 34 02 W Qualifying: Tilio- 51 46 20 N Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines *Priority feature

Deeside and 207.52 Primary: N/A Primary: Great crested See West Midlands and Buckley Newt newt Triturus cristatus North West England for Qualifying: Old sessile sites details. oak woods with Ilex Qualifying: N/A UK0030132 and Blechnum in the British Isles 03 03 42 W 53 12 11 N

Appendix E E62

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Coedwigoedd 83.01 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A Grazing, non-native Management species. Dyffryn Elwy/ forests of slopes, Qualifying: N/A agreements in place. Elwy Valley screes and ravines Parts of woods are Woods *Priority feature managed under the UK0030146 Qualifying: N/A terms of a Woodland Grant Scheme. 03 27 59 W 53 12 35 N

Halkyn 610.36 Primary: Calaminarian Primary: Great crested Inappropriate agricultural Much of the area is Mountain/ grasslands of the newt Triturus cristatus practices (inappropriate common land traditionally Mynydd Helygain Violetalia calaminariae Qualifying: N/A grazing, livestock feeding used for grazing of UK0030163 Qualifying: European and watering, burning and domestic livestock. cutting). Reclamation However use of dry heaths, semi- 03 12 17 W schemes. traditional common natural dry grasslands 53 14 06 N and scrubland facies: grazing rights has declined in recent years. on calcareous substrates (Festuco- Brometalia), Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae)

Johnstown Newt 69.61 Primary: N/A Primary: Great crested Post-industrial sites Habitat management is Sites newt Triturus cristatus Qualifying: N/A subject to threat from underway on areas UK0030173 Qualifying: N/A unregulated public owned by the local access, fly-tipping and authority. 03 01 42 W pollution, pressures for 53 00 44 N development.

River Dee and 1,308.93 Primary: Water Primary: Atlantic Inappropriate water flow Issues being addressed Bala Lake/Afon courses of plain to salmon Salmo salar, regulation; excessive by a variety of statutory Dyfrdwy a Llyn montane levels with floating water-plantain abstraction; threats to bodies that are in a Tegid the Ranunculion Loronium natans water quality from direct position to overcome fluitantis and and diffuse pollution; these threats through UK0030252 Qualifying: Sea eutrophication and regulatory powers and Callitricho-Batrachion lamprey Petromyzon 02 51 40 W vegetation marinus, brook lamprey siltation. Degradation of partnerships with riparian habitats due to landowners, industry and 53 02 50 N Qualifying: N/A Lampetra planeri, river engineering works, other interested parties. lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis, bullhead agricultural practices and Cottus gobio invasive plant species. Fisheries.

Afon Tywi / River 363.45 Primary: N/A Primary: Twaite shad Direct and diffuse CCW and the Tywi Qualifying: N/A Alosa fallax, otter Lutra pollution, particularly Environment Agency UK0013010 lutra nutrient run-off from encourage owners and agricultural land; occupiers to carry out 03 54 41 W Qualifying: Sea lamprey Petromyzon eutrophication and positive habitat increased siltation. management through 51 55 12 N marinus, brook lamprey Afforestation in the upper agreements and agri- Lampetra planeri, river lamprey Lampetra catchment contributes to environment schemes. A low pH that can affect SSSI Site Management fluviatilis, Allis shad features further Plan and a Conservation Alosa alosa, bullhead Cottus gobio downstream. Features Strategy has been affected by flow conditions produced by CCW and a and extremes of water Site Issue Briefing has temperature. been jointly produced by Anadromous fish are EA and CCW. The EA is vulnerable to barriers to investigating abstractions migration. All fish are and discharges under the vulnerable to review of consents inappropriate fishing process under the

Appendix E E63

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

activities and the Habitats Regulations and introduction of non- the river is included in indigenous species. their Asset Management Gravel extraction, Planning Process. intensive agricultural land- use, engineering works, invasive plant species and the loss of alder tree- cover through disease can lead to degradation of habitat and water quality. Disturbance relating to recreation and amenity access.

Caeau Mynydd 25.06 Primary: N/A Primary: Marsh fritillary Future Part of the site is owned Mawr Qualifying: Molinia butterfly Euphydryas industrial/residential by Butterfly (Eurodryas, Hypodryas) development and Conservation, and UK0030105 meadows on aurinia increasing agricultural Section 15 agreements calcareous, peaty or 04 03 57 W pressure. clayey-silt-laden soils Qualifying: N/A cover ~66% of the site. 51 47 21 N (Molinion caeruleae) CCW is in discussion with the owners of the unprotected parts of the site and hopes to conclude management agreements.

Carmarthen Bay 66,101.16 Primary: Sandbanks Primary: Twaite shad Most of the potential CCW maintains close and Estuaries / which are slightly Alosa fallax threats come from liaison in particular with Bae Caerfyrddin covered by sea water Qualifying: Sea fisheries and related the South Wales Sea ac Aberoedd all the time, estuaries, lamprey Petromyzon activities such as shellfish Fisheries Committee. UK0020020 mudflats and sandflats marinus, river lamprey management and access CCW has encouraged not covered by issues related to mussel extensive monitoring and 04 22 35 W Lampetra fluviatilis, Allis seawater at low tide, shad Alosa alosa, otter and cockle gathering. further research. 51 40 00 N large shallow inlets and Lutra lutra CCW is consulted over bays, Salicornia and applications to dredge other annuals aggregate from Helwick colonising mud and Bank. These works may sand, Atlantic salt have an effect locally on meadows (Glauco- the biology of the Bank, Puccinellietalia and in conjunction with maritimae) other coastal defence Qualifying: N/A works may also affect sediment budgets and characteristics over a wider area.

Cernydd Carmel 361.14 Primary: Turloughs Primary: N/A Proposals to intensify Issues are being UK0030070 *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A agricultural practices. addressed through management 04 02 36 W Qualifying: Northern Atlantic wet heaths agreements and Tir 51 49 32 N with Erica tetralix, Cymen/Tir Gofal agri- European dry heaths, environment schemes. Active raised bogs *Priority feature, Tilio- Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines *Priority feature

Gower Ash 233.15 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A Not indicated. Management is Woods / forests of slopes, Qualifying: N/A predominantly by non- Coedydd Ynn screes and ravines intervention and includes Gwyr *Priority feature part of a National Nature

Appendix E E64

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

UK0030157 Qualifying: Alluvial Reserve, a Wildlife Trust 04 03 35 W forests with Alnus Reserve and Local glutinosa and Fraxinus Nature Reserve, and 51 34 29 N excelsior (Alno-Padion, includes educational and Alnion incanae, visitor information. All Salicion albae) * areas are within the Priority feature Gower Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Future management considerations would include selective removal of conifers as well as thinning of beech.

Gower 1,776.72 Primary: Northern Primary: Southern Unauthorised burning. Burning addressed on Commons / Atlantic wet heaths damselfly Coenagrion Off-road vehicles can Cefn Bryn Common via a Tiroedd Comin with Erica tetralix, mercuriale, marsh cause localised damage. Tir Cymen agri- Gwyr European dry heaths, fritillary butterfly environment agreement. UK0012685 Molinia meadows on Euphydryas (Eurodryas, The cutting of fire-breaks calcareous, peaty or Hypodryas) aurinia together with control of 04 10 11 W clayey-silt-laden soils Qualifying: N/A bracken and 51 35 20 N (Molinion caeruleae) Rhododendron helps to Qualifying: N/A minimise the damaging effects of burning. The Gower Commons Initiative (2000) is aimed at developing the existing lowland heathland resource via management for countryside enhancement and nature conservation.

Limestone Coast 1,594.53 Primary: Vegetated Primary: Greater Bats are vulnerable to Maintenance or re- of South West sea cliffs of the Atlantic horseshoe bat disturbance from introduction of a Wales / Arfordir and Baltic coasts, fixed Rhinolophus recreational users. traditional grazing regime Calchfaen De dunes with herbaceous ferrumequinum,early Chemical/oil pollution from preceded by burning or Orllewin Cymru vegetation (`grey gentian Gentianella the sea, particularly in cutting if required to aerosol form is a threat. UK0014787 dunes`) *Priority anglica reduce scrub. This is feature being addressed via agri- 05 03 21 W Qualifying: Petalwort Qualifying: European Petalophyllum ralfsii environment schemes and management 51 37 50 N dry heaths, semi- agreements. Restoration natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: plans are in place for areas of former sand on calcareous quarrying. An Integrated substrates (Festuco- Brometalia), caves not Land Management Plan exists for parts of the open to the public, Pembrokeshire section submerged or partially submerged sea caves which are MoD-owned. Close liaison with the British Mountaineering Council over the impact of rock climbing continues.

Appendix E E65

Table E.11 Summary Details of Relevant Special Protection Areas (SPAs) in SEA Area 4

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Dee Estuary 13,084.85 Over winter: Over winter: Industrial and urban Sizeable parts of the development. Water estuary are in UK9013011 Bar-tailed godwit Limosa Pintail Anas acuta, knot quality issues. Over- conservation 03 11 02 W lapponica Calidris canutus, oystercatcher exploitation of cockle management or are beds. subject to 53 18 39 N Haematopus ostralegus, Management shelduck Tadorna tadorna, redshank Tringa Agreements. The Dee Estuary Strategy. totanus. Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 90,518 individual waterfowl including: shelduck Tadorna tadorna, pintail Anas acuta, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, knot Calidris canutus, bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica, redshank Tringa totanus.

Severn Estuary 24,662.98 During the breeding Over winter: Land-claim, aggregate Existing control season: extraction/ dredging, measures and the UK9015022 Gadwall Anas strepera, physical developments Severn Estuary Bewick's swan Cygnus Russian white-fronted 03 02 57 W such as barrage Strategy. columbianus bewickii goose Anser albifrons construction, flood 51 13 29 N albifrons, dunlin Calidris defences, pollution alpina alpina, shelduck (industrial, oil Tadorna tadorna, redshank Tringa totanus spillage), eutrophication and Assemblage recreation. qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 84,317 individual waterfowl including: Bewick's swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii, Russian white- fronted goose Anser albifrons albifrons, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, gadwall Anas strepera, dunlin Calidris alpina alpina, redshank Tringa totanus Numenius phaeopus.

Burry Inlet 6,628 N/A Over winter: Possible implications CCW through a from shellfish activity, liaison group consults UK9015011 Pintail Anas acuta, shoveler Anas clypeata, eutrophication, with the South Wales 04 10 40 W recreational activities Sea Fisheries teal Anas crecca, wigeon and energy Committee over 51 38 56 N Anas penelope, dunlin development. shellfish activities and Calidris alpina alpina, the Environment knot Calidris canutus, Agency over oystercatcher eutrophication issues. Haematopus ostralegus, RSPB and CCW are curlew Numenius

Appendix E E66

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

arquata, grey plover reviewing saltmarsh Pluvialis squatarola, grazing levels on the shelduck Tadorna south side of the tadorna, redshank Tringa estuary. There is totanus. close liaison with relevant authorities Assemblage with regard to the qualification: proposed Millennium Over winter, the area Coastal Park Project regularly supports 34,962 on the north shore in individual waterfowl terms of tourism, including: shelduck amenity and Tadorna tadorna, wigeon recreation. Most Anas penelope, teal recently, there has Anas crecca, pintail Anas been a hydro-electric acuta, shoveler Anas barrage scheme clypeata, oystercatcher proposed across the Haematopus ostralegus, mouth of the Burry grey plover Pluvialis Inlet. squatarola, knot Calidris canutus, dunlin Calidris alpina alpina, curlew Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus.

Liverpool Bay pSPA 197,504.24 Over winter: Over winter: - - UK9020294 Red-throated diver Common scoter 53 36 30 N 03 13 16 W

Appendix E E67

Table E.12 Summary of Relevant Ramsar Sites in SEA Area 4

Area Code/Location Name Description Criteria* Adverse Factors (ha)

UK11080 Midland 1,588.24 The 18 component sites include open water bodies (meres), 1, 2 Introduction of 02 45 43 W Meres the majority of which are nutrient-rich with associated fringing exotic animals, and habitats, reed swamp, fen, carr and damp pasture. Peat pollution – 52 55 20 N Mosses accumulation has resulted in the nutrient-poor peat bogs agriculture, – Phase (mosses) forming in some sites on the fringes of the meres or introduction/ 2 completely infilling basins. In a few cases the result is a invasion of flora, floating quaking bog or schwingmoor. Habitats support eutrophication. nationally important flora and fauna.

UK11081 Severn 24,662.98 Tidal regime results in plant and animal communities typical 1, 8, 5, 4, Recreation 3, 6 03 02 57 W Estuary of the extreme physical conditions of liquid mud and tide disturbance, (Wales) swept sand and rock. Species-poor invertebrate community industrial pollution, 51 13 29 N includes high densities of ragworms, lugworms and other pollution – oil, invertebrates forming an important food source for passage eutrophication, and wintering waders. Extensive intertidal zone comprising erosion, dredging, mudflats, sand banks, shingle, and rocky platforms. Heavily pollution – grazed saltmarsh fringes the estuary with a range of unspecified. saltmarsh types present.

UK11082 The Dee 13,084.85 One of the top five estuaries in the UK for wintering and 5, 6, 1 Over-fishing, 03 11 02 W Estuary passage waterfowl populations. Supports extensive areas of introduction/invasion (Wales) intertidal sand and mudflats as well as saltmarsh. Where of flora, transport 53 18 39 N land-claim has not occurred, the saltmarshes grade into infrastructure, transitional brackish and freshwater swamp vegetation, on industrial pollution, the upper shore. The site includes the three sandstone pollution – sewage, islands of Hilbre with their important cliff vegetation and general disturbance. maritime heathland/grassland. Contrast between the industrialised usage of the coastal belt in Wales and residential and recreational usage in England.

UK14006 Crymlyn 264.18 Floodplain-valley mire located within a lowland coastal 1, 2, 3 Eutrophication Bog 03 53 16 W context and is the most extensive wetland of its type in Wales. The mire features a complex mosaic of vegetation 51 38 08 N types, supporting examples of swamp, tall herb fen, fen meadow and carr communities.

UK14001 Burry 6,627.99 Burry Inlet is a large estuarine complex located between the 5, 6 Erosion. Inlet Gower Peninsula and Llanelli in South Wales. It includes 04 10 37 W extensive areas of intertidal sand and mud flats, together with 51 38 55 N large sand dune systems at the mouth of the estuary. The site contains the largest continuous area of saltmarsh in Wales (2,200 ha). The Burry Inlet regularly supports large numbers of wildfowl and waders.

Appendix E E68

Summary Details of Sites of International Importance in SEA Area 5

Figure E.5 International Designations in SEA Area 5

Appendix E E69

Table E.13 Summary Details of Relevant Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in SEA Area 5

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Holnest 54.94 Primary: N/A Primary: Great Agricultural Agreements have been UK0030350 Qualifying: N/A crested newt Triturus diversification and made with owners to prevent cristatus alternative land uses detrimental effects on newt 02 28 29 W populations. Qualifying: N/A could threaten breeding 50 53 40 N ponds, foraging areas and hibernation sites.

Fontmell and 260.75 Primary: N/A Primary: Early Under-grazing, scrub Much of site managed by Melbury Downs gentian Gentianella encroachment, voluntary nature Qualifying: Semi- conservation organisations. UK0012550 natural dry grasslands anglica adjacent intensive agricultural practices. 02 08 34 W and scrubland facies: on Qualifying: N/A calcareous substrates 50 58 20 N (Festuco-Brometalia)

Pewsey Downs 153.87 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: Early Under-grazing by cattle Management of NNR takes and sheep. UK0012552 dry grasslands and gentian Gentianella into account requirements of scrubland facies: on anglica the orchid-rich calcareous 01 50 54 W calcareous substrates Qualifying: N/A grassland and early gentian. 51 22 18 N (Festuco-Brometalia) May require increased (important orchid sites) * support through agri- Priority feature environment Qualifying: N/A schemes/management agreements.

Prescombe 76.14 Primary: N/A Primary: Early Under-grazing by cattle Management of NNR takes Down gentian Gentianella and sheep. into account requirements of Qualifying: Semi- anglica the orchid-rich calcareous UK0012553 natural dry grasslands grassland and early gentian. 02 01 14 W and scrubland facies: on Qualifying: Marsh calcareous substrates fritillary butterfly May require increased support through agri- 51 01 39 N (Festuco-Brometalia) Euphydryas environment (Eurodryas, Hypodryas) aurinia schemes/management agreements.

The New Forest 29,262.36 Primary: Oligotrophic Primary: Southern Drainage, afforestation Managed through SAC UK0012557 waters containing very damselfly of heathland habitats, Management Plan, the few minerals of sandy Coenagrion under-grazing, National Park, and through 01 40 50 W plains (Littorelletalia mercuriale, stag recreational pressures. supplementary funding for 50 51 59 N uniflorae), oligotrophic to beetle Lucanus restoration, e.g. LIFE mesotrophic standing cervus funding. waters with vegetation Qualifying: Great of the Littorelletea crested newt Triturus uniflorae and/or of the cristatus Isoëto-Nanojuncetea, northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix, European dry heaths, Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae), depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion, Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrub layer (Quercion robori- petraeae or Ilici-

Appendix E E70

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Fagenion), Asperulo- Fagetum beech forests, old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains, bog woodland *Priority feature, alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) *Priority feature Qualifying: Transition mires and quaking bogs, alkaline fens

Bath and 107.16 Primary: N/A Primary: Greater Change in Efforts being made to fit Bradford-on- Qualifying: N/A horseshoe bat environmental grilles over most vulnerable Avon Bats Rhinolophus conditions, pollution, mine entrances. If disturbance. UK0012584 ferrumequinum, necessary, management Bechstein`s bat agreements will be drawn 02 14 19 W Myotis bechsteinii up. 51 25 03 N Qualifying: Lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros

Beer Quarry and 31.1 Primary: N/A Primary: Bechstein`s Disturbance. Site management statement Caves Qualifying: N/A bat Myotis bechsteinii has been agreed with the quarrying company. UK0012585 Qualifying: Lesser 03 06 43 W horseshoe bat Rhinolophus 50 41 49 N hipposideros, Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

Windsor Forest 1,687.26 Primary: Old Primary: Violet click Changes in Sympathetic management and Great Park acidophilous oak woods beetle Limoniscus management practices. being undertaken through UK0012586 with Quercus robur on violaceus the Declaration of Intent sandy plains signed between English 00 37 24 W Qualifying: N/A Qualifying: Atlantic Nature and the owners, the 51 26 08 N acidophilous beech Crown Estate. forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrub layer (Quercion robori- petraeae or Ilici- Fagenion)

Bredon Hill 359.86 Primary: N/A Primary: Violet click Replacement of ancient Management agreements UK0012587 Qualifying: N/A beetle Limoniscus trees. being used to preserve violaceus existing tree stocks and to 02 03 02 W Qualifying: N/A provide replacement 52 03 49 N planting.

River Itchen 309.26 Primary: Water courses Primary: Southern Decrease in flow EA initiating major study of UK0012599 of plain to montane damselfly velocities and increase the river’s macrophytes from levels with the Coenagrion in siltation. Water which a predictive model will 01 20 05 W Ranunculion fluitantis mercuriale, bullhead abstraction. be developed to aid 50 57 14 N and Callitricho- Cottus gobio decisions on water Batrachion vegetation abstraction regime.

Appendix E E71

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Qualifying: N/A Qualifying: White- clawed (or Atlantic stream) crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes, brook lamprey Lampetra planeri, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, otter Lutra lutra

East Devon 119.94 Primary: Northern Primary: Southern Changes in agricultural Majority of site under Pebblebed Atlantic wet heaths with damselfly Coenagrion management and positive conservation Heaths Erica tetralix, European mercuriale quarrying (impact on management. UK0012602 dry heaths Qualifying: N/A water chemistry and Qualifying: N/A water levels). Water 03 21 33 W abstraction. 50 40 19 N

River Wye/Afon 2,234.89 Primary: Water courses Primary: White- SAC interests Joint EN/EA/CCW Gwy of plain to montane clawed (or Atlantic particularly allis and conservation strategy for the UK0012642 levels with the stream) crayfish twaite shad populations river. River Wye formed part Ranunculion fluitantis Austropotamobius vulnerable to water of the Life in UK Rivers 03 17 59 W and Callitricho- pallipes, sea lamprey quality impacts from project to develop methods 52 01 24 N Batrachion vegetation Petromyzon marinus, changing agricultural for conserving the wildlife Qualifying: Transition brook lamprey land-use (nutrient run- and habitats of rivers within mires and quaking bogs Lampetra planeri, off and increased the Natura 2000 network of river lamprey siltation) and point- protected European sites. Lampetra fluviatilis, source discharges. twaite shad Alosa Riverside development. fallax, Atlantic salmon Fishing activities Salmo salar, bullhead (salmon). Water Cottus gobio, otter abstraction. Lutra lutra Recreation. Qualifying: Allis shad Alosa alosa

South Hams 129.53 Primary: European dry Primary: Greater Disturbance, through Quarry at Berry Head UK0012650 heaths, semi-natural dry horseshoe bat public access, designated as a NNR and grasslands and Rhinolophus recreational activities. management plan prepared. 03 29 21 W scrubland facies: on ferrumequinum Buckfastleigh Caves 50 23 54 calcareous substrates Qualifying: N/A managed as a nature (Festuco-Brometalia) reserve. Qualifying: Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts, caves not open to the public, Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines *Priority feature

Mells Valley 28.22 Primary: N/A Primary: Greater Disturbance from public None of the sites currently horseshoe bat access. managed directly for bats. UK0012658 Qualifying: Semi-natural Rhinolophus English Nature discussing 02 29 30 W dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on ferrumequinum access provisions with the owner. 51 13 33 N calcareous substrates Qualifying: N/A (Festuco-Brometalia), caves not open to the public

Appendix E E72

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Rooksmoor 61.36 Primary: N/A Primary: Marsh Scrub invasion due to EN Management UK0012681 Qualifying: Molinia fritillary butterfly neglect and lack of Agreement. Euphydryas grazing animals. 02 22 11 W meadows on calcareous, peaty or (Eurodryas, 50 53 50 N clayey-silt-laden soils Hypodryas) aurinia (Molinion caeruleae) Qualifying: N/A

Salisbury Plain 21,438.1 Primary: Juniperus Primary: Marsh Lack of management in MOD owned land as well as UK0012683 communis formations on fritillary butterfly some areas. Habitat an NNR. Site interests heaths or calcareous Euphydryas damage. require low intensity grazing. 01 53 22 W grasslands, semi-natural (Eurodryas, NNR management plan. 51 14 45 N dry grasslands and Hypodryas) aurinia scrubland facies: on Qualifying: N/A calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia), semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (important orchid sites) *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A

Ebernoe 133.94 Primary: Atlantic Primary: Barbastelle Not under any Ancient woodland Common acidophilous beech Barbastella significant threat. dependent on traditional UK0012715 forests with Ilex and barbastellus, management. Sussex 00 36 20 W sometimes also Taxus Bechstein`s bat Wildlife Trust Management in the shrub layer Myotis bechsteinii Plan. 51 02 09 N (Quercion robori- Qualifying: N/A petraeae or Ilici- Fagenion) Qualifying: N/A

The Mens 203.28 Primary: Atlantic Primary: N/A Recreation pressure. Ancient Wealden woodland UK0012716 acidophilous beech Qualifying: managed as an area of forests with Ilex and minimum intervention. 00 32 27 W Barbastelle sometimes also Taxus 51 00 04 N Barbastella in the shrub layer barbastellus (Quercion robori- petraeae or Ilici- Fagenion) Qualifying: N/A

Epping Forest 1,604.95 Primary: Atlantic Primary: Stag beetle Neglect, atmospheric Comprehensive UK0012720 acidophilous beech Lucanus cervus pollutants. management plan forests with Ilex and completed and consented in 00 01 21 E Qualifying: N/A sometimes also Taxus 1998. Subject to provisions 51 38 39 N in the shrub layer of Epping Forest Act (1878). (Quercion robori- petraeae or Ilici- Fagenion) Qualifying: Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix, European dry heaths

East Hampshire 569.69 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Nutrient run-off from EN exploring mechanisms to Hangers dry grasslands and agriculture leading to curtail damaging agricultural Qualifying: Early scrubland facies: on eutrophication. activities. Also liaising UK0012723 gentian Gentianella calcareous substrates anglica closely with Forestry 00 56 45 W (Festuco-Brometalia) Commission. 51 02 06 N (important orchid sites)

Appendix E E73

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

* Priority feature, Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests, Tilio- Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines * Priority feature Qualifying: Semi- natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia), Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles *Priority feature

Chilterns 1,276.48 Primary: Asperulo- Primary: N/A Lack of appropriate Significant changes to the Beechwoods Fagetum beech forests management. structural and species Qualifying: Stag UK0012724 Qualifying: Semi- beetle Lucanus diversity of these woods required in order to promote natural dry grasslands cervus 00 35 07 W a more natural composition. and scrubland facies: on Woodland Grant Scheme. 51 48 39 N calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)

Wye Valley 916.24 Primary: Asperulo- Primary: N/A Lack of traditional Positive management Woodlands/ Fagetum beech forests, woodland promoted through Qualifying: Lesser management. Coetiroedd Tilio-Acerion forests of horseshoe bat management plans (CCW), Dyffryn Gwy slopes, screes and Site Management Rhinolophus ravines *Priority feature, Statements (EN) and UK0012727 hipposideros Taxus baccata woods of Management Agreements, 02 40 43 W the British Isles *Priority and the Woodland Grant 51 39 28 N feature Scheme. Qualifying: N/A

Avon Gorge 152.35 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A No significant threats. Part managed as a NNR and Woodlands forests of slopes, screes Qualifying: N/A the management of the UK0012734 and ravines *Priority remainder addressed feature through a Site Management 02 38 01 W Statement. Qualifying: Semi- 51 27 50 N natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)

South Dartmoor 2,157.15 Primary: Old sessile Primary: N/A Heavy recreational Within Dartmoor National Woods oak woods with Ilex and Qualifying: N/A pressure. Long-term Park. Parts managed as UK0012749 Blechnum in the British decline of woodland NNRs. Dartmoor ESA Isles lichens due to air scheme to reduce grazing 03 49 09 W pollution and/or climate levels. Qualifying: European 50 31 00 N dry heaths change. Heavy grazing and uncontrolled fires (arson).

Kingley Vale 208.05 Primary: Taxus baccata Primary: N/A Scrub encroachment of Conservation of yew forest chalk grassland. UK0012767 woods of the British Qualifying: N/A requires the maintenance of Isles *Priority feature nurse scrub habitat and 00 49 40 W Qualifying: Semi- regulation of numbers of resident deer. 50 53 30 N natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)

Appendix E E74

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Great Yews 28.71 Primary: Taxus baccata Primary: N/A Woodland considered Little active management to be in good condition. UK0012770 woods of the British Qualifying: N/A carried out except small- Isles *Priority feature scale recreational activity. 01 49 49 W Qualifying: N/A 51 00 27 N

Thursley, Ash, 5,138 Primary: Northern Primary: N/A Insufficient grazing or Largely dependent on active Pirbright and Atlantic wet heaths with Qualifying: N/A other traditional heathland management. Chobham Erica tetralix, European practices. Water UK0012793 dry heaths, depressions abstraction causing on peat substrates of loss or damage to wet 00 41 35 W the Rhynchosporion heath and mire. 51 09 42 N Qualifying: N/A Neighbouring housing developments. Recreation pressure.

Mole Gap to 887.68 Primary: Stable Primary: N/A Recreation pressure. National Trust and Surrey Reigate xerothermophilous Qualifying: Great Neglect and lack of County Council own and Escarpment formations with Buxus crested newt Triturus appropriate grazing. manage significant UK0012804 sempervirens on rock cristatus, Bechstein`s proportion of the site. slopes (Berberidion bat Myotis bechsteinii Smaller areas owned by 00 16 48 W p.p.), semi-natural dry other local authorities and 51 15 57 N grasslands and the local wildlife trust. scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia), semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) (important orchid sites) *Priority feature, Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles * Priority feature Qualifying: European dry heaths, Asperulo- Fagetum beech forests

Rodborough 104.26 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Lack of appropriate Management issues Common dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A grazing, road traffic, addressed through UK0012826 scrubland facies: on recreation pressure. continued liaison, joint calcareous substrates working and a Site 02 13 06 W (Festuco-Brometalia) Management Statement 51 43 51 N Qualifying: N/A between English Nature and the National Trust.

Wye and 112.24 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Lack of appropriate Continuous grazing Crundale Downs dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A grazing. management essential. Part UK0012831 scrubland facies: on of site managed as a NNR. calcareous substrates On other parts, discussion 00 58 52 E (Festuco-Brometalia) with private land managers 51 09 36 N (important orchid sites) to encourage traditional Qualifying: N/A management.

Lewes Downs 146.86 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Scrub encroachment. Continuous grazing UK0012832 dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A Leaching and spray management essential. scrubland facies: on drift of agricultural NNR managed by the 00 02 51 E calcareous substrates chemicals. landowner under a 50 51 53 N (Festuco-Brometalia) management agreement. (important orchid sites) Qualifying: N/A

Appendix E E75

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Queendown 14.28 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Not under any current Continuous grazing Warren dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A threat. management essential. Site UK0012833 scrubland facies: on managed as a nature calcareous substrates reserve. 00 37 24 E (Festuco-Brometalia) 51 20 07 N (important orchid sites) Qualifying: N/A

Lydden and 61.7 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A No details. Continuous grazing Temple Ewell dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A management essential. Downs scrubland facies: on EN’s Reserves UK0012834 calcareous substrates Enhancement Scheme and (Festuco-Brometalia) Countryside Stewardship 01 15 23 E (important orchid sites) schemes to encourage 51 09 43 N Qualifying: N/A traditional management.

Folkestone to 81.94 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Overgrazing. Both English Nature and Etchinghill dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A Countryside Stewardship Escarpment scrubland facies: on agreements exist on the site. UK0012835 calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) 01 07 06 E (important orchid sites) 51 06 22 N Qualifying: N/A

Castle Hill 114.68 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Leaching and spray- Continuous grazing UK0012836 dry grasslands and Qualifying: Early drift of agricultural management essential. 00 03 04 W scrubland facies: on gentian Gentianella chemicals. NNR leased to EN from the calcareous substrates anglica Inappropriate grazing. local authority. 50 50 31 N (Festuco-Brometalia) (important orchid sites) Qualifying: N/A

Holme Moor and 7.58 Primary: Calcareous Primary: N/A Neglect and lack of EN reversed neglect and Clean Moor fens with Cladium Qualifying: N/A management. manages site with UK0012883 mariscus and species of permission of owners. the Caricion davallianae 03 17 30 W *Priority feature, alkaline 51 01 31 N fens Qualifying: Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae)

Cothill Fen 43.55 Primary: Alkaline fens Primary: N/A Cessation of traditional Cutting of reed, cutting of UK0012889 Qualifying: Alluvial Qualifying: N/A management (grazing areas of tall fen and removal 01 19 46 W forests with Alnus and peat-cutting). of scrub to increase area glutinosa and Fraxinus and diversity of the short fen 51 41 44 N excelsior (Alno-Padion, habitat. Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) *Priority feature

River Avon 498.24 Primary: Water courses Primary: Desmoulin`s Land drainage; land Major land use activities UK0013016 of plain to montane whorl snail Vertigo use, water abstraction, addressed through Local levels with the moulinsiana, sea disposal of sewage Environment Action Plans, 01 49 24 W Ranunculion fluitantis lamprey Petromyzon effluents and Catchment Abstraction 51 06 14 N and Callitricho- marinus, brook management of the Plans and Water Level Batrachion vegetation lamprey Lampetra water courses for Management Plans as well Qualifying: N/A planeri, Atlantic fishery, agricultural and as through management salmon Salmo salar, other uses. agreements with bullhead Cottus landowners/occupiers. gobio Qualifying: N/A

Appendix E E76

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Dungeness 3,223.56 Primary: Annual Primary: Great Recreational Extensive areas managed as a Nature Reserve. UK0013059 vegetation of drift lines, crested newt Triturus disturbance, water perennial vegetation of cristatus abstraction, close to an 00 57 10 E stony banks Qualifying: N/A active airport which 50 55 08 N Qualifying: N/A carries a potential risk from air pollution.

Sandwich Bay 1,137.87 Primary: Embryonic Primary: N/A Scrub encroachment. Most of the site unmanaged UK0013077 shifting dunes, shifting Qualifying: N/A 'rough' on golf-courses. dunes along the Control of scrub being 01 22 39 E shoreline with undertaken through 51 18 19 N Ammophila arenaria Management Agreements. (`white dunes`), fixed dunes with herbaceous vegetation (`grey dunes`) *Priority feature, dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae) Qualifying: Humid dune slacks

Thanet Coast 2,803.84 Primary: Reefs, Primary: N/A Erosion and natural In preparing management UK0013107 submerged or partially Qualifying: N/A physical destruction. scheme, human activities submerged sea caves Recreational pressure. have been evaluated with 01 22 33 E Qualifying: N/A stakeholders, and 51 23 24 N management agreed.

Cotswold 585.85 Primary: Asperulo- Primary: N/A No details. Maintained by a variety of Beechwoods Fagetum beech forests Qualifying: N/A silvicultural practices. UK0013658 Qualifying: Semi- Sympathetic Woodland Grant Scheme. 02 08 52 W natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on 51 49 07 N calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)

Wormley 335.53 Primary: Sub-Atlantic Primary: N/A Neglect. Recreation Present management pressure. Hoddesdonpark and medio-European Qualifying: N/A ranges from benign neglect Woods oak or oak-hornbeam to active forestry. Much of the site is a NNR. UK0013696 forests of the Carpinion betuli 00 05 19 W Qualifying: N/A 51 44 08 N

Blean Complex 520.62 Primary: Sub-Atlantic Primary: N/A No details. Coppice management in UK0013697 and medio-European Qualifying: N/A areas of the site maintained oak or oak-hornbeam as nature reserves by EN, 01 01 43 E forests of the Carpinion Kent Wildlife Trust and 51 18 07 N betuli RSPB. Qualifying: N/A

Isle of Wight 461.8 Primary: Vegetated sea Primary: Early Scrub encroachment. Coastal strategies, Downs cliffs of the Atlantic and gentian Gentianella Recreation pressure. management plans and Management Agreements. UK0016254 Baltic coasts, European anglica Sea cliffs vulnerable to dry heaths, semi-natural Qualifying: N/A cliff stabilisation 01 28 18 W dry grasslands and schemes, inappropriate 50 40 08 N scrubland facies: on grazing. calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia) Qualifying: N/A

Appendix E E77

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

North Meadow 104.88 Primary: Lowland hay Primary: N/A Extraction and NNR management plan and and Clattinger meadows (Alopecurus Qualifying: N/A renovation of gravel a site management Farm pratensis, Sanguisorba workings potential statement stipulating an UK0016372 officinalis) threat to water levels. appropriate grazing regime. 01 58 45 W Qualifying: N/A 51 38 20 N

Chilmark 10.41 Primary: N/A Primary: Greater Collapse of Management plan and Quarries Qualifying: N/A horseshoe bat underground voids and agreements in place. UK0016373 Rhinolophus unauthorised access. 02 02 11 W ferrumequinum, barbastelle 51 04 42 N Barbastella barbastellus, Bechstein`s bat Myotis bechsteinii Qualifying: Lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros

Solent and Isle 36.24 Primary: Coastal Primary: N/A Water quality issues Mechanisms including of Wight lagoons *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A due to industrial waste Biodiversity Action Plans, Lagoons Qualifying: N/A disposal/landfill/ other coastal strategies, UK0017073 discharges and diffuse Water Level Management 01 08 13 W pollution; the effects of Plans and Management sea-level rise; coastal Agreements. 50 46 30 N defence; water level management.

Chesil and the 1,631.63 Primary: Coastal Primary: N/A Changes in natural Much of the site privately- Fleet lagoons *Priority feature, Qualifying: N/A coastal processes. owned and managed as UK0017076 annual vegetation of drift Water quality issues. nature reserve. lines, perennial Close to busy shipping 02 31 22 W vegetation of stony lanes, risk of accidental 50 36 47 N banks. Mediterranean oil pollution. Licence and thermo-Atlantic given for offshore oil halophilous scrubs exploration nearby. (Sarcocornetea fruticosi) Qualifying: Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco- Puccinellietalia maritimae)

Dorset Heaths 5,730.73 Primary: Northern Primary: Southern Recreational pressure Half the site is now held as UK0019857 Atlantic wet heaths with damselfly Coenagrion and high incidence of NNRs, LNRs and non- 02 09 36 W Erica tetralix, European mercuriale wildfires, disturbance statutory nature reserves. dry heaths, depressions Qualifying: Great by infrastructure works. 50 39 03 N on peat substrates of crested newt Triturus Several mineral the Rhynchosporion cristatus extraction permissions. Qualifying: Molinia Scrub encroachment. meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae), calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae * Priority feature, alkaline fens, old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains

Appendix E E78

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Isle of Portland 1,447.5 Primary: Vegetated sea Primary: Early Coastal erosion and Shoreline Management to Studland Cliffs cliffs of the Atlantic and gentian Gentianella defence, recreational Plans. Establishment of pressure. UK0019861 Baltic coasts, semi- anglica suitable grazing regimes natural dry grasslands Qualifying: N/A through site management 02 13 34 W and scrubland facies: on statements. Heritage Coast 50 37 14 N calcareous substrates which covers much of the (Festuco-Brometalia) coast. Qualifying: Annual vegetation of drift lines

St Albans Head 287.22 Primary: Vegetated sea Primary: Early Under-grazing, Majority of site owned by a to Durlston Head cliffs of the Atlantic and gentian Gentianella recreation pressure. voluntary conservation UK0019863 Baltic coasts, semi- anglica organisation or by local natural dry grasslands Government and is being Qualifying: Greater 01 59 28 W and scrubland facies: on managed for nature horseshoe bat calcareous substrates conservation and amenity 50 35 32 N Rhinolophus (Festuco-Brometalia) use. ferrumequinum (important orchid sites) *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A

Sidmouth to 897.3 Primary: Vegetated sea Primary: N/A No immediate threats. Management of the site West Bay cliffs of the Atlantic and Qualifying: N/A assisted by Countryside UK0019864 Baltic coasts, Tilio- Stewardship and English Acerion forests of Nature’s Reserve 02 57 16 W slopes, screes and Enhancement Scheme. 50 42 57 N ravines *Priority feature Qualifying: Annual vegetation of drift lines

Burnham 382.76 Primary: Atlantic Primary: N/A Possible damage from Much of the site designated Beeches acidophilous beech Qualifying: N/A adjacent mineral as a NNR and managed to UK0030034 forests with Ilex and workings - dust and restore grazed pasture sometimes also Taxus hydrological changes. woodland and heathland. 00 37 51 W in the shrub layer Sulphur and nitrogen The National Trust also 51 33 36 N (Quercion robori- oxides levels may owns part of the site. petraeae or Ilici- exceed criteria levels Fagenion) for sensitive vegetation. Qualifying: N/A

Dorset Heaths 2,221.94 Primary: Embryonic Primary: Southern Extensive losses to About half of the site is now (Purbeck and shifting dunes, shifting damselfly Coenagrion agriculture, forestry and held as NNRs, LNRs and Wareham) and dunes along the mercuriale urban development. non-statutory nature Studland Dunes reserves. shoreline with Qualifying: Great Recreation pressures. Wildfires. Disturbance UK0030038 Ammophila arenaria crested newt Triturus (`white dunes`), Atlantic from infrastructure cristatus 01 57 57 W decalcified fixed dunes works. Decline in 50 39 16 N (Calluno-Ulicetea) traditional agriculture. *Priority feature, humid Erosion of sand dunes. dune slacks, oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains (Littorelletalia uniflorae), Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix, temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix *Priority feature, European dry heaths, depressions on peat substrates of the

Appendix E E79

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Rhynchosporion, bog woodland *Priority feature Qualifying: Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae), calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae *Priority feature, alkaline fens, old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains

Kennet and 114.47 Primary: N/A Primary: Desmoulin`s Adequate supply of EA and EN ensuring Lambourn Qualifying: N/A whorl snail Vertigo high quality water. appropriate water levels, Floodplain moulinsiana Nearby Newbury through production of water UK0030044 Qualifying: N/A Bypass. level management plans and regular monitoring of water 01 32 59 W quality. 51 25 53 N

Mendip 253.92 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A No major threats. Two parts of the site are Woodlands forests of slopes, screes Qualifying: N/A NNRs. Cheddar Wood is a UK0030048 and ravines *Priority Somerset Wildlife Trust feature nature reserve. 02 25 18 W Qualifying: N/A 51 12 25 N

North Somerset 561.19 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: Lesser Human disturbance. Low levels of grazing and Mendip Bats dry grasslands and horseshoe bat resulting in scrub invasion UK0030052 scrubland facies: on Rhinolophus and the development of calcareous substrates hipposideros, greater secondary woodland. 02 44 47 W (Festuco-Brometalia), horseshoe bat Woodland requires a 51 17 10 N Tilio-Acerion forests of Rhinolophus considerable amount of slopes, screes and ferrumequinum restoration. ravines *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A Qualifying: Caves not open to the public

Rook Clift 10.82 Primary: Tilio-Acerion Primary: N/A Overgrazing. Site is in private ownership UK0030058 forests of slopes, screes Qualifying: N/A and managed under the and ravines *Priority Woodland Grant Scheme. 00 49 58 W feature 50 57 25 N Qualifying: N/A

Solent Maritime 11,309.25 Primary: Estuaries, Primary: N/A Flood defence and Management Scheme for UK0030059 Spartina swards Qualifying: coast protection works; European Marine Sites, (Spartinion maritimae), coastal squeeze; Biodiversity Action Plans, Desmoulin`s whorl 00 55 40 W Atlantic salt meadows developments other coastal strategies, snail Vertigo 50 47 47 N (Glauco-Puccinellietalia moulinsiana pressures. Accidental management plans and maritimae) pollution from shipping, Management Agreements. oil/chemical spills, Qualifying: Sandbanks which are slightly heavy industrial activities, former waste covered by sea water all disposal sites and the time, mudflats and sandflats not covered by waste-water discharge; introduction of non- seawater at low tide,

Appendix E E80

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

coastal lagoons native species. *Priority feature, annual vegetation of drift lines, perennial vegetation of stony banks, Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand, shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (`white dunes`)

South Wight 19,862.71 Primary: Reefs, Primary: N/A Coast protection works, Management Scheme for Maritime vegetates sea cliffs of Qualifying: N/A coastal squeeze, European Marine Sites, UK0030061 the Atlantic and Baltic development or Biodiversity Action Plans, coasts, submerged or intensive agriculture in other coastal strategies, 01 20 51 W partially submerged sea the hinterland, sewage management plans and 50 35 29 N caves disposal, accidental Management Agreements. Qualifying: N/A pollution from shipping activity, development in the intertidal/subtidal, dredging and dredged spoil disposal, fishing and boating, introduction of non- native species.

Ashdown Forest 2729 Primary: Northern Primary: N/A Undergrazing, scrub Majority of site managed by Atlantic wet heaths with encroachment. Conservators of Ashdown UK0030080 Qualifying: Great Forest. Erica tetralix, European crested newt Triturus Possible long-term 00 04 14 E dry heaths drying out of the site cristatus 51 03 21 N Qualifying: N/A due to borehole extraction and transpiration from increase in vegetation cover.

Aston Rowant 127.75 Primary: Juniperus Primary: N/A No details. Approximately 95% of the UK0030082 communis formations on Qualifying: N/A site designated as NNR and heaths or calcareous is under the direct 00 56 55 W grasslands management control of English Nature. 51 40 06 N Qualifying: Asperulo- Fagetum beech forests

Blackmill 71.01 Primary: Old sessile Primary: N/A Overgrazing. Situated entirely on Woodlands oak woods with Ilex and Qualifying: N/A Common Land, and are subject to rights of common. UK0030090 Blechnum in the British Isles 03 32 39 W Qualifying: N/A 51 33 41 N

Bracket’s 53.66 Primary: N/A Primary: Bechstein`s No details. Majority of the site owned by Coppice bat Myotis bechsteinii Dorset Wildlife Trust and Qualifying: Molinia UK0030095 meadows on Qualifying: N/A Plantlife, and management plans for the two nature calcareous, peaty or 02 41 15 W reserves take account of the clayey-silt-laden soils 50 51 38 N (Molinion caeruleae) bat’s requirements. Land outside the nature reserves covered by Site Management Statements.

Appendix E E81

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Butser Hill 238.66 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Spray-drift from Within the South Downs ESA. UK0030103 dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A intensively-managed scrubland facies: on arable land. 00 58 48 W calcareous substrates 50 58 18 N (Festuco-Brometalia), Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A

Cerne and 369.08 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: Marsh Inappropriate grazing Scrub removal and grazing Sydling Downs dry grasslands and fritillary butterfly level. regimes undertaken under UK0030115 scrubland facies: on Euphydryas ESA management plans and calcareous substrates (Eurodryas, English Nature management 02 28 06 W (Festuco-Brometalia) Hypodryas) aurinia agreements. 50 49 00 N Qualifying: N/A Qualifying: N/A

Dawlish Warren 58.84 Primary: Humid dune Primary: Petalwort Sand dune erosion, A Site Management slacks Statement being agreed on. UK0030130 Petalophyllum ralfsii recreational pressure, spray-drift of chemicals. Qualifying: N/A 03 26 09 W Qualifying: Shifting dunes along the 50 36 11 N shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (`white dunes`), fixed dunes with herbaceous vegetation (`grey dunes`) *Priority feature

Dixton Wood 13.14 Primary: N/A Primary: Violet click Lack of future Management Agreement for UK0030135 Qualifying: N/A beetle Limoniscus replacement pollards creation of new pollards and violaceus (age-class skewed to to prevent further loss. 02 01 50 W Qualifying: N/A older generation) and 51 58 47 N game management practices.

Duncton to 214.47 Primary: Asperulo- Primary: N/A Expansion of pheasant Plantations of non-native Fagetum beech forests shoots. Bignor Qualifying: N/A conifers targeted for Escarpment Qualifying: N/A complete or partial removal. UK0030138 Deer population controlled by deer stalkers. 00 37 37 W 50 54 50 N

Emer Bog 37.5 Primary: Transition Primary: N/A Adjacent land-use Managed as nature reserve UK0030147 mires and quaking bogs Qualifying: N/A affecting hydrological and site’s importance raised Qualifying: N/A processes of the mire. through the Local Plan 01 26 18 W Nutrient-enrichment process to ensure that 50 59 24 N and potential impacts of development development. proposals fully considered.

Exmoor and 1,895.17 Primary: Old sessile Primary: Barbastelle Overgrazing. Invasion Minimum intervention but Quantock oak woods with Ilex and Barbastella of non-native species. opportunities being taken to Oakwoods Blechnum in the British barbastellus diversify age and species Isles composition to restore near- UK0030148 Qualifying: Qualifying: Alluvial Bechstein`s bat natural conditions where 03 34 57 W possible. forests with Alnus Myotis bechsteinii, 51 11 02 N glutinosa and Fraxinus otter Lutra lutra excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) *Priority feature

Appendix E E82

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Hackpen Hill 35.83 Primary: N/A Primary: Early Periodic damage by Grazing regime supported gentian Gentianella rapid fluctuations in financially through an EN UK0030162 Qualifying: Semi- anglica rabbit numbers. Management Agreement. 01 29 31 W natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on Qualifying: N/A 51 33 34 N calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)

Hartslock Wood 34.24 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Not currently Woodland Grant Scheme UK0030164 dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A considered under promotes retention of yew scrubland facies: on significant threat. and removal of non-native 01 06 27 W calcareous substrates tree species. Grassland 51 30 21 N (Festuco-Brometalia) area managed as a nature (important orchid sites) reserve by the local Wildlife *Priority feature, Taxus Trust. baccata woods of the British Isles *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A

Hastings Cliffs 183.72 Primary: Vegetated sea Primary: N/A Recreational pressure. No details. UK0030165 cliffs of the Atlantic and Qualifying: N/A Adjacent farming Baltic coasts practices. Effect of 00 39 08 E Qualifying: N/A surrounding coastal 50 52 07 N protection schemes and offshore activities unknown.

Hestercombe 0.08 Primary: N/A Primary: Lesser Human disturbance, Current knowledge of bat House Qualifying: N/A horseshoe bat change of use, movements by site development. UK0030168 Rhinolophus managers good so there is hipposideros no immediate threat. 03 05 03 W Qualifying: N/A 51 03 07 N

Kennet Valley 56.77 Primary: Alluvial forests Primary: N/A Maintenance of No known threats to Alderwoods with Alnus glutinosa and Qualifying: N/A constantly high groundwater levels. Subject groundwater. UK0030175 Fraxinus excelsior to low levels of intervention (Alno-Padion, Alnion and natural processes are 01 25 39 W incanae, Salicion albae) allowed to prevail to a large *Priority feature extent. A WGS scheme is in 51 24 16 N place. Qualifying: N/A

Little Wittenham 68.76 Primary: N/A Primary: Great Not considered to be Provision of new ponds and UK0030184 Qualifying: N/A crested newt Triturus under any known the creation of hibernation cristatus threat. sites for newts. Managed 01 10 24 W Qualifying: N/A primarily for nature 51 37 53 N conservation and environmental education.

Lyppard Grange 1.09 Primary: N/A Primary: Great Recreational pressure. Development of a Ponds Qualifying: N/A crested newt Triturus Management Plan. Action UK0030198 cristatus plan to remove stickleback, Qualifying: N/A construct hibernacula and 02 10 37 W refugia, and water 52 11 53 N management systems being undertaken to secure conservation of the newt population.

Appendix E E83

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Mendip 417.47 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Recreational pressure. Commoning system on Limestone dry grasslands and Inappropriate grazing. which the management of Qualifying: Greater Grasslands scrubland facies: on the Crook Peak part of the horseshoe bat calcareous substrates site depends is breaking UK0030203 Rhinolophus (Festuco-Brometalia) down and may cause ferrumequinum 02 51 33 W serious problems in the Qualifying: European future. 51 17 48 N dry heaths, caves not open to the public, Tilio- Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines *Priority feature

North Downs 287.58 Primary: Asperulo- Primary: N/A Under-grazing in parts. Yew woodland managed as Woodlands Fagetum beech forests, Qualifying: N/A minimum intervention. UK0030225 Taxus baccata woods of Beech woodland as high the British Isles *Priority forest with encouragement 00 24 13 E feature of beech regeneration. Chalk grassland needs 51 20 24 N Qualifying: Semi- continuous grazing. natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)

Peter’s Pit 28.3 Primary: N/A Primary: Great Neglect and scrub EN working with the owners UK0030237 Qualifying: N/A crested newt Triturus invasion of newt to make the site a secure cristatus breeding ponds. Urban nature reserve. 00 27 56 E Qualifying: N/A development, water 51 20 16 N level potential threat.

Quants 20.29 Primary: N/A Primary: Marsh Disruption of highly Marsh fritillary population UK0030242 Qualifying: N/A fritillary butterfly interventionist restricted to a comparatively Euphydryas management. small area (c. 2 ha) and is 03 09 32 W (Eurodryas, kept high by a considerable 50 57 11 N Hypodryas) aurinia level of management Qualifying: N/A directed at producing ’ideal’ habitat.

Richmond Park 846.68 Primary: N/A Primary: Stag beetle High levels of The whole site has been UK0030246 Qualifying: N/A Lucanus cervus recreational pressure. declared a NNR. 00 16 28 W Qualifying: N/A 51 26 27 N

River Axe 25.78 Primary: Water courses Primary: N/A Potential eutrophication Programme of surveys from surrounding land. UK0030248 of plain to montane Qualifying: Sea investigating the sources of levels with the potential problems. On lamprey Petromyzon 03 02 21 W completion, management Ranunculion fluitantis marinus, brook 50 45 33 N and Callitricho- lamprey Lampetra advice will be provided to the Batrachion vegetation perpetrators to minimise planeri, bullhead impacts. Qualifying: N/A Cottus gobio

River Lambourn 27.27 Primary: Water courses Primary: Bullhead Localised higher water EN and the EA have agreed UK0030257 of plain to montane Cottus gobio nutrient levels and protocol for dealing with levels with the siltation problems issues affecting the river. Qualifying: Brook 01 25 37 W associated with sewage Ranunculion fluitantis lamprey Lampetra treatment works. 51 27 43 N and Callitricho- planeri Batrachion vegetation Qualifying: N/A

Appendix E E84

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

Shortheath 58.94 Primary: Transition Primary: N/A Encroachment of Wildlife Enhancement Common mires and quaking bogs Qualifying: N/A invasive scrub and Scheme agreement has trees. been entered into in an UK0030275 Qualifying: European dry heaths, bog attempt to address the 00 53 38 W ecological deterioration. woodland *Priority 51 07 25 N feature

Stodmarsh 564.64 Primary: N/A Primary: Desmoulin`s No details. Approximately half of the site UK0030283 Qualifying: N/A whorl snail Vertigo managed as a National moulinsiana Nature Reserve. Remainder 01 10 21 E Qualifying: N/A managed in a way that is 51 18 23 N compatible with nature conservation.

West Dorset 329.29 Primary: Alluvial forests Primary: Marsh Surrounding land-use Agri-environment schemes, Alderwoods with Alnus glutinosa and fritillary butterfly and management of forestry management and UK0030299 Fraxinus excelsior Euphydryas water. planting grants, and (Alno-Padion, Alnion (Eurodryas, Management Agreements 02 39 18 W incanae, Salicion albae) Hypodryas) aurinia are being examined with a 50 46 06 N *Priority feature Qualifying: Great view to addressing land-use concerns. Qualifying: Molinia crested newt Triturus meadows on cristatus calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae), old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains

Wimbledon 348.31 Primary: N/A Primary: Stag beetle Heavy recreation No details. Common pressure. Qualifying: Northern Lucanus cervus UK0030301 Atlantic wet heaths with Qualifying: N/A 00 14 04 W Erica tetralix, European dry heaths 51 25 56 N

Woolmer Forest 666.68 Primary: Natural Primary: N/A Neglect and WES agreements being UK0030304 dystrophic lakes and Qualifying: N/A encroachment of used to address ecological ponds, European dry invasive scrub and deterioration. 00 51 01 W heaths, depressions on trees. Military activities. 51 05 08 N peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion Qualifying: Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix, transition mires and quaking bogs

Briddlesford 167.22 Primary: N/A Primary: Bechstein`s Recreation pressure. Majority of site owned and Copses bat Myotis bechsteinii Qualifying: N/A managed by the Peoples’ UK0030328 Qualifying: N/A Trust for Endangered Species and is subject to a 01 13 15 W Forestry Commission 50 42 38 N Woodland Grant Scheme.

Dover to 183.85 Primary: Vegetated sea Primary: N/A Coastal squeeze. Cliff-top grassland requires Kingsdown Cliffs cliffs of the Atlantic and Qualifying: N/A grazing, but where this is not Baltic coasts UK0030330 feasible mowing is the preferred management. No 01 22 57 E Qualifying: Semi- natural dry grasslands immediate pressures on the vegetated sea cliff habitat. 51 08 38 N and scrubland facies: on calcareous substrates

Appendix E E85

Name, Code Area (ha) Annex I Habitat Annex II Species Vulnerability Management and Location1

(Festuco-Brometalia) (important orchid sites) *Priority feature

Mottisfont Bats 196.88 Primary: N/A Primary: Barbastelle No details. 70% of site owned by UK0030334 Qualifying: N/A Barbastella National Trust who have barbastellus carried out woodland 01 33 29 W Qualifying: N/A operations over recent 51 02 52 N years. 25% of the site is privately owned and not open to public access.

Singleton and 2.45 Primary: N/A Primary: Barbastelle Human disturbance, No details. Cocking Tunnels Qualifying: N/A Barbastella long term tunnel UK0030337 barbastellus collapse. 00 45 31 W Qualifying: Bechstein`s bat 50 55 18 N Myotis bechsteinii

Parkgate Down 6.94 Primary: Semi-natural Primary: N/A Not under any current Continuous grazing threat. UK0030338 dry grasslands and Qualifying: N/A management essential. Site scrubland facies: on managed as a nature 01 06 10 E calcareous substrates reserve. 51 10 16 N (Festuco-Brometalia) (important orchid sites) *Priority feature Qualifying: N/A

Crookhill Brick 4.71 Primary: N/A Primary: Great Potential hazards Proposed designation of the Pit Qualifying: N/A crested newt Triturus (lighting, rats) from the land as a Local Nature UK0030349 cristatus adjacent waste transfer Reserve. Qualifying: N/A station. Lack of water 02 30 16 W body maintenance and 50 36 59 N introduction of invasive non-native plants.

Poole Bay to 60,750 Interest features include Annex I Reefs and Fishing activity in the Statutory closure on scallop Lyme Bay Reefs Submerged or Partially Submerged Sea Caves Lyme Bay Reefs, dredging in the Lyme Bay (inshore pSAC) primarily scallop area since July 2008. 02 52 47.08 W dredging, has degraded reef structure and biota. 50 39 59.38 N Physical damage from abrasion (e.g. anchoring).

Margate and 55,878 Interest features include Annex I Sandbanks Dredging to maintain Management practices to be Long Sands which are Slightly Covered by Sea Water all the navigation channels developed to identify (pSAC) Time (e.g. the Princes relevant threats from 02 21 16.16 E Channel, and sources of physical damage aggregate extraction and biological disturbance. 51 32 11.34 N outside the site can lead to local hydrodynamic changes and impacts on benthic communities. A proposed offshore wind farm may generate physical changes to the structure of the banks through piling and cable laying.

Appendix E E86

Table E.14 Summary Details of Relevant Special Protection Areas (SPAs) in SEA Area 5

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Walmore Common 52.85 Over winter: N/A Water level issues, Water level inappropriate grazing management plan, UK9007051 Bewick's swan Cygnus regime. currently in columbianus bewickii 02 22 14 W preparation, will 51 49 58 N ensure appropriate conditions retained for wintering bird interest.

Somerset Levels 6,388.49 Over winter: Over winter: Agricultural Water Level and Moors improvement (e.g. Management Plans, Bewick's swan Cygnus Teal Anas crecca, UK9010031 columbianus, golden wigeon Anas penelope, conversion of development of plover Pluvialis apricaria lapwing Vanellus grassland to arable, Raised Water Level 02 52 00 W land drainage and Areas and ESA. vanellus 51 10 14 N fertilisers).

Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 73,014 individual waterfowl including: Bewick's swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii, teal Anas crecca, golden plover Pluvialis apricaria, lapwing Vanellus vanellus

Chew Valley Lake 575.73 N/A Over winter: Recreational pressure. Bristol Water UK9010041 Shoveler Anas clypeata implemented a nature conservation strategy 02 37 07 W for site. 51 20 02 N

Exe Estuary 2,345.71 Over winter: Over winter: Recreational pressure. Exe Estuary Dredging takes place Management Plan UK9010081 Avocet Recurvirostra Dark-bellied brent goose in approach channel addresses the 03 26 32 W avosetta, Slavonian Branta bernicla bernicla, grebe Podiceps auritus dunlin Calidris alpina, which could affect recreational, sediment movement disturbance and 50 38 50 N oystercatcher patterns. Potential oil potential oil spill Haematopus ostralegus, spill issues. Black-tailed godwit issues. Substantial areas managed as Limosa limosa islandica, nature reserves by grey plover Pluvialis RSPB, local wildlife squatarola. Trust and local authorities. Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 23,811 individual waterfowl including: Slavonian grebe Podiceps auritus, dark- bellied brent goose Branta bernicla bernicla, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus,

Appendix E E87

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, dunlin Calidris alpina, Black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa islandica.

Chesil Beach and 748.11 N/A Over winter: Recreational pressure. Much privately owned The Fleet Dark-bellied brent goose Agricultural run-off as and managed as potential source of nature reserve. Part UK9010091 Branta bernicla eutrophication. of Chesil is Crown 02 31 10 W Introduction of non- Common land. 50 36 40 N native species. Port Contingency plans discharges. Close to exist for dealing with one of the world's oil spills. busiest shipping lanes and consequently risk of accidental oil pollution.

Dorset Heathlands 8,168.79 During the breeding N/A Fragmentation through Support schemes and UK9010101 season: agriculture, forestry management and urban initiatives encouraging Dartford warbler Sylvia 02 09 33W development. the re-establishment undata, nightjar Recreational pressure. of traditional 50 39 00N Caprimulgus europaeus, woodlark Lullula arborea Several old mineral management now extraction permissions, cover much of the some still active. heath. About 43% of Over winter: Decline in traditional the site held as NNRs, agriculture. LNRs and non- Hen harrier Circus statutory nature cyaneus, merlin Falco reserves. columbarius

Poole Harbour 2,271.99 During the breeding Over winter: Growth of urban Wytch Farm oilfield season: UK9010111 Black-tailed godwit conurbation, has facilities within associated site; their maintenance Common tern Sterna Limosa limosa islandica, 02 01 34 W infrastructure, and and any risks from oil hirundo, Mediterranean shelduck Tadorna 50 40 52 N gull Larus tadorna development of spills are dealt with commercial port. according to agreed melanocephalus Recreation pressure. method statements

Assemblage and oil spill Over winter: qualification: contingency plans. Harbour management Avocet Recurvirostra Over winter, the area policies. avosetta regularly supports 25,091 individual waterfowl including: shelduck Tadorna tadorna, avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa islandica.

East Devon Heaths 1,119.94 During the breeding N/A Changes in agricultural Majority of site under UK9010121 season: management, water positive conservation abstraction and management. Dartford warbler Sylvia 03 21 32 W quarrying in immediate undata, nightjar vicinity. 50 40 18 N Caprimulgus europaeus

Appendix E E88

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Chichester and 5,810.03 During the breeding Over winter: Recreational pressure. Both harbours Langstone Harbours season: Eutrophication. Sea- managed by statutory Pintail Anas acuta, UK9011011 Little tern Sterna shoveler Anas clypeata, level rise and coastal bodies whose remits squeeze. Water include conservation albifrons, sandwich tern teal Anas crecca, wigeon 00 55 12 W abstraction. of the natural Sterna sandvicensis, Anas penelope, 50 48 23 N common tern Sterna turnstone Arenaria environment. Numerous Local hirundo interpres, dark-bellied Authority and RSPB brent goose Branta Over winter: nature reserves bernicla bernicla, around site. Bar-tailed godwit Limosa sanderling Calidris alba, Management Scheme lapponica dunlin Calidris alpina alpina, ringed plover for the Solent Maritime SAC. Charadrius hiaticula, red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator, curlew Numenius arquata, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, redshank Tringa totanus Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 93,230 individual waterfowl including: dark-bellied brent goose Branta bernicla, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, wigeon Anas penelope, teal Anas crecca, pintail Anas acuta, shoveler Anas clypeata, red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator, ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, dunlin Calidris alpina, sanderling Calidris alba, bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica, curlew Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus, Turnstone Arenaria interpres

New Forest 28,002.81 During the breeding During the breeding Recreation pressure. New Forest now UK9011031 season: season: Water level issues managed as a (e.g. drainage). National Park. 01 39 22 W Dartford warbler Sylvia Eurasian Hobby Falco undata, honey buzzard subbuteo, wood warbler 50 49 32 N Pernis apivorus, nightjar Phylloscopus sibilatrix Caprimulgus europaeus, woodlark Lullula arborea Over winter: Hen harrier Circus cyaneus

Appendix E E89

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Portsmouth Harbour 1,248.77 N/A Over winter: Modification of Portsmouth Harbour physical processes Plan (non-statutory) UK9011051 Dark-bellied brent goose through large-scale aims to address many Branta bernicla bernicla, 01 07 32 W land-claim, capital and of these issues. Other dunlin Calidris alpina 50 49 41 N maintenance dredging, strategic issues alpina, black-tailed sea defences. Sea addressed through the godwit Limosa limosa level rise and coastal Management Scheme islandica, red-breasted squeeze. Accidental covering European merganser Mergus pollution from shipping Marine Sites within the serrator and heavy industrial Solent complex of activities, former estuaries. military and waste disposal sites, re- distribution of contaminated sediments. Recreational pressure.

Solent and 5,505.86 During the breeding Over winter: Modification of Shoreline Southampton Water season: physical processes Management Plans, Black-tailed godwit through large-scale Estuarine UK9011061 Mediterranean gull Larus Limosa limosa islandica, melanocephalus, little dark-bellied brent goose land-claim, capital and Management Plans 01 31 33 W maintenance dredging, and through the tern Sterna albifrons, Branta bernicla, ringed sea defences. Sea Management Scheme 50 44 25N roseate tern Sterna plover Charadrius level rise and coastal which will cover the dougallii, common tern hiaticula, teal Anas Sterna hirundo, sandwich crecca squeeze. Accidental European Marine tern Sterna sandvicensis pollution from Sites including the Assemblage shipping, heavy Solent and qualification: industrial activities and Southampton Water Over winter, the area former waste disposal SPA. regularly supports sites. Recreational 51,361 individual and commercial waterfowl including: pressure. dark-bellied brent goose Branta bernicla, teal Anas crecca, ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa islandica

Avon Valley 1,385.08 Over winter: Over winter: Water level issues. Management UK9011091 Bewick's swan Cygnus Gadwall Anas strepera agreements, site management columbianus 01 47 46 W statements, water 50 47 02 N level management plans and ESA agreements.

Porton Down 1,237.04 During the breeding N/A No significant issues. Integrated land season: management plan. UK9011101 01 39 15 W Stone curlew Burhinus oedicnemus 51 07 45 N

Salisbury Plain 19,688.88 During the breeding N/A Inappropriate Integrated Land season: UK9011102 management due to Management Plan military interests. (ILMP). 01 53 11 W Stone curlew Burhinus oedicnemus 51 15 14 N

Appendix E E90

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

The Swale 6,514.71 N/A Over winter: Rapid erosion of Terrestrial part of site intertidal habitat due to depends on UK9012011 Dark-bellied brent goose natural processes and appropriate grazing Branta bernicla bernicla, 00 50 21 E effects of sea and management of dunlin Calidris alpina defences and clay water quality and 51 21 39 N alpina, redshank Tringa quantity. totanus extraction. Water borne recreation Assemblage disturbance. qualification: During the breeding season the area regularly supports: reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus, teal Anas crecca, mallard Anas platyrhynchos, gadwall Anas strepera, ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus, coot Fulica atra, moorhen Gallinula chloropus, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, curlew Numenius arquata, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, redshank Tringa totanus, lapwing Vanellus vanellus Over winter, the area regularly supports 65,588 individual waterfowl including: dark-bellied brent goose Branta bernicla, gadwall Anas strepera, teal Anas crecca, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, dunlin Calidris alpina, curlew Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus.

Thames Estuary 4,838.94 During the breeding Over winter: Coastal squeeze and Terrestrial part and Marshes season: erosion of intertidal depends on Dunlin Calidris alpina, habitat. Water borne appropriate grazing UK9012021 Avocet Recurvirostra knot Calidris canutus, avosetta, hen harrier Black-tailed godwit recreation disturbance. and management of 00 35 47 E Direct land take and water. Estuary Circus cyaneus Limosa limosa islandica, indirect disturbance Management Plan, 51 29 08 N grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, redshank and hydrological Water Level effects as a result of Management Plan. Tringa totanus development. On passage: Ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula

Appendix E E91

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 75,019 individual waterfowl including: avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, knot Calidris canutus, dunlin Calidris alpina, Black- tailed godwit Limosa limosa islandica, redshank Tringa totanus.

Medway Estuary 4,684.36 During the breeding Over winter: Rapid erosion of Terrestrial part and Marshes season: intertidal habitat. depends on pintail Anas acuta, Disturbance from appropriate grazing UK9012031 Avocet Recurvirostra shoveler Anas clypeata, avosetta, little tern teal Anas crecca, wigeon water borne and management of 00 40 38 E recreation. Pressures water. Sterna albifrons, Anas penelope, from proposed 51 24 02 N common tern Sterna turnstone Arenaria hirundo interpres, dark-bellied transport and industrial developments. Over winter: brent goose Branta bernicla bernicla, dunlin Avocet Recurvirostra Calidris alpina alpina, avosetta, Bewick's swan knot Calidris canutus, Cygnus columbianus ringed plover Charadrius bewickii hiaticula, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, godwit Limosa limosa islandica, curlew Numenius arquata, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, greenshank Tringa nebularia, redshank Tringa totanus Assemblage qualification: During the breeding season the area regularly supports: kingfisher Alcedo atthis, mallard Anas platyrhynchos, short- eared owl Asio flammeus, pochard Aythya ferina, hen harrier Circus cyaneus, merlin Falco columbarius, red- throated diver Gavia stellata, cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, lapwing Vanellus vanellus. Over winter, the area regularly supports 65,496 individual waterfowl including:

Appendix E E92

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Red-throated diver Gavia stellata, great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus, cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, Bewick's swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii, dark-bellied brent goose Branta bernicla bernicla, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, wigeon Anas penelope, teal Anas crecca, mallard Anas platyrhynchos, pintail Anas acuta, shoveler Anas clypeata, pochard Aythya ferina, oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, grey plover Pluvialis squatarola, lapwing Vanellus vanellus, knot Calidris canutus, dunlin Calidris alpina alpina, black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa islandica, curlew Numenius arquata, redshank Tringa totanus, greenshank Tringa nebularia, turnstone Arenaria interpres.

Pagham Harbour 636.68 During the breeding Over winter: Historic land drainage Majority of the site is a season: for agriculture. Local Nature Reserve UK9012041 Dark-bellied brent goose Pollution from sewage. Little tern Sterna Branta bernicla managed by West 00 45 38 W Sussex County albifrons, common tern Council. 50 45 48 N Sterna hirundo Over winter: Ruff Philomachus pugnax

Thanet Coast and 1,870.16 During the breeding Over winter: Recreational Oil spill contingency Sandwich Bay season: Turnstone Arenaria pressures and plans need to be kept disturbance. Port updated. UK9012071 Little tern Sterna interpres development. Management scheme albifrons 01 22 47 E Potential for oil spills for European marine Over winter: 51 18 18 N both from vessels and site. Golden plover Pluvialis Port Ramsgate. apricaria Eutrophication.

Appendix E E93

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Dungeness to Pett 1,474.04 During the breeding Over winter: Coastal erosion. Bird Management Level season: Shoveler Anas clypeata predation. Possible agreements and water UK9012091 Common tern Sterna disturbance from level management 00 44 59 E hirundo, little tern Sterna aircraft. Recreational plans. 50 55 50 N albifrons, Mediterranean pressure. Changing gull Larus agricultural practices. melanocephalus Overgrazing and Over winter: lowering of water Bewick's swan Cygnus levels. columbianus Lee Valley 447.87 Over winter: Over winter: Water quality issues. Majority of the site UK9012111 Bittern Botaurus stellaris Gadwall Anas strepera, Recreational pressure. managed in 00 02 58 W shoveler Anas clypeata Over-extraction of accordance with 51 34 51 N surface water for agreed management public supply. plans in which nature conservation is a high or sole priority. Stodmarsh 481.33 Over winter: During the breeding Recreation pressure Much is a NNR and UK9012121 Bittern Botaurus stellaris, season: and disturbance. therefore relatively 01 10 19 E hen harrier Circus Gadwall Anas strepera Water abstraction. secure and well 51 18 18 N cyaneus Over winter: managed. Shoveler Anas clypeata, Management of parts gadwall Anas strepera of the site owned by private land owners Assemblage qualification: being addressed by production of Site During the breeding Management season, the area Statements. regularly supports: sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus, wigeon Anas penelope, mallard Anas platyrhynchos, little tern Sterna albifrons, pochard Aythya ferina, tufted duck Aythya fuligula, snipe Gallinago gallinago, Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides, common grasshopper warbler Locustella naevia, great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus, water rail Rallus aquaticus, redshank Tringa totanus, lapwing Vanellus vanellus.

Thursley, Hankley 1,869.95 During the breeding N/A Neglect/lack of Thursley Common is a and Frensham season: appropriate NNR managed by EN. Commons (Wealden Dartford warbler Sylvia management. Frensham and Witley Heaths Phase 1) Lowering of water Commons managed undata, nightjar levels due to water by National Trust and UK9012131 Caprimulgus europaeus, woodlark Lullula arborea abstraction. a large part of the site 00 41 52 W owned by the MoD. 51 09 44 N

Appendix E E94

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Wealden Heaths 2,053.83 During the breeding N/A Heathland fires and Consultation meetings Phase 2 season: development with MoD and UK9012132 Dartford warbler Sylvia associated with management plans on military training National Trust land. undata, nightjar 00 51 02 W activities. Caprimulgus europaeus, 51 05 11 N woodlark Lullula arborea Recreational pressure.

Thames Basin 8,274.72 During the breeding N/A Lack of grazing and Countryside Heaths season: other traditional Stewardship and UK9012141 Dartford warbler Sylvia management Wildlife Enhancement practices. Schemes. Strategic 00 44 18 W undata, nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus, Development approach to 51 22 18 N woodlark Lullula arborea pressure. Military use. accommodating Recreation pressure. development being addressed through the Thames Basin Heaths Area Based Delivery Project.

South West London 828.14 N/A Over winter: Development Discussions with Waterbodies Gadwall Anas strepera, pressures, vegetation current owners and UK9012171 shoveler Anas clypeata succession, recreation. occupiers regarding Potential future future management, 00 31 27 W decommissioning of maintenance and 51 27 41 N reservoirs and decommissioning of maintenance works, the larger reservoirs, which may require in order to maintain winter draw-down of the site's interest. reservoirs.

Ashdown Forest 3,207.08 During the breeding N/A Lack of management Integrated UK9012181 season: and grazing. Management Plan of Recreation pressure. the Conservators of 00 04 12 E Dartford warbler Sylvia undata, nightjar Non-native species. Ashdown Forest. 51 03 44 N Caprimulgus europaeus

Severn Estuary 24,662.98 During the breeding Over winter: Land-claim, aggregate Existing control UK9015022 season: Gadwall Anas strepera, extraction/ dredging, measures and the physical developments Severn Estuary 03 02 57 W Bewick's swan Cygnus Russian white-fronted columbianus bewickii goose Anser albifrons such as barrage Strategy. 51 13 29 N albifrons, dunlin Calidris construction, flood alpina alpina, shelduck defences, pollution Tadorna tadorna, (industrial, oil spillage), redshank Tringa totanus eutrophication and recreation. Assemblage qualification: Over winter, the area regularly supports 84,317 individual waterfowl including: Bewick's swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii, Russian white-fronted goose Anser albifrons albifrons, shelduck Tadorna tadorna, gadwall Anas strepera, dunlin Calidris alpina alpina, redshank Tringa totanus, whimbrel Numenius phaeopus.

Appendix E E95

Qualifying Features Qualifying Features Name, Code and Area (ha) under Article 4.1 of under Article 4.2 of Vulnerability Management Location1 the Directive the Directive

Arun Valley 528.62 Over winter: Assemblage Inappropriate grazing Much of site currently qualification: regime, fertilisers, under appropriate UK9020281 Bewick's swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii Over winter, the area drainage, water management through 00 31 40 W abstraction, river organisations such as regularly supports maintenance. the Sussex Wildlife 50 55 05 N 27,241 individual waterfowl including: Trust and the RSPB. Water Level Bewick's swan Cygnus Management Plans. columbianus bewickii

Outer Thames 393,734 Qualifies as an SPA, supporting more than 1% (38%) Non-physical Site management to Estuary (SPA) of the UK population of the Annex I species, red- disturbance from be developed around throated diver Gavia stellata UK1452174 shipping and operations which have Supported 6,486 wintering individuals (1989-2006/07) recreational activity. been identified as 01 15 44.31 E Potential risk from generating 51 34 21.46 N entanglement in vulnerabilities in order fishing gear. to maintain interest feature population and habitat extent.

Appendix E E96

Table E.15 Summary of Relevant Ramsar Sites in SEA Area 5

Area Code/Location Name Description Criteria* Adverse Factors (ha)

UK11004 Arun Valley 528.62 Area of wet meadows on the floodplain of the River 2, 5, 3 Water extraction, hunting or capture 00 31 40 W Arun. The neutral wet grassland which is subject to winter, and occasional summer, flooding, is dissected 50 55 05 N by a network of ditches, several of which support rich aquatic flora and invertebrate fauna. Wintering wildfowl and breeding waders.

UK11005 Avon Valley 1,385.08 River Avon displays wide fluctuations in water level 1, 6, 2 Agricultural 01 47 46 W and parts of the valley are regularly flooded in winter. drainage/reclamation, The Avon valley has a greater range of habitats and a vegetation 50 47 02 N more diverse flora and fauna than any other chalk succession, river in Britain. The valley includes one of the largest sedimentation/ expanses of unimproved floodplain grassland in siltation, pollution – Britain, including extensive areas managed as hay fertilisers and meadow. sewage, reservoir/dam: flow regime, recreation disturbance, cutting/ clearing of vegetation, introduction/invasion of flora.

UK11012 Chesil Beach 748.11 The Fleet is the largest and best example of a barrier- 6, 3, 1, 8, Sedimentation/ and The Fleet 2, 4 02 31 10 W built saline lagoon in the UK and Chesil is one of the siltation, pollution – three major shingle structures in the UK. The salinity fertilisers and 50 36 40 N gradient, peculiar hydrographic regime and varied agriculture, substrates, together with associated reedbed and eutrophication intertidal habitats and the relative lack of pollution in comparison to most other lagoons, have resulted in the site becoming extraordinarily rich in wildlife. Outstanding communities of aquatic plants and animals are present, supporting large numbers of wildfowl, waders and seabirds.

UK11013 Chichester 5,810.03 Large, sheltered estuarine basins comprising 5, 1, 6 Erosion, 00 55 12 W and extensive mud and sand flats exposed at low tide. Of eutrophication, water Langstone particular significance for over-wintering wildfowl and diversion, 50 48 23 N Harbours waders and also a wide range of coastal and introduction of exotic transitional habitats supporting important plant and species, introduction/ animal communities. invasion of flora, pollution – sewage, recreation disturbance.

UK11021 Dorset 6,730.15 Extensive and fragmented heathland areas centred 3, 2, 1 Eutrophication, 02 09 33W Heathlands around the estuary of Poole Harbour and adjacent to pollution – the urban conurbation of Bournemouth and Poole. unspecified, 50 39 00N Numerous examples of wet heath and acid valley recreation mire. Transitions to coastal wetland and fen habitat disturbance, habitat types. The wetland flora and fauna includes a large burning, acid rain. assemblage of nationally rare and scarce species, especially invertebrates.

UK11025 Exe Estuary 2,345.71 Encompasses the waters, foreshore, low-lying land, 5, 6 Intensive aquaculture 03 26 32 W three marshes and an unusual double spit across the mouth of the estuary and sand dunes of Dawlish 50 38 50 N Warren. Complex of habitats supports internationally important numbers of wintering and passage waterfowl, as well as populations of breeding birds and nationally important rare plants and invertebrates.

Appendix E E97

Area Code/Location Name Description Criteria* Adverse Factors (ha)

UK11034 Lee Valley 447.87 Series of embanked water supply reservoirs, sewage 2, 6 No factors reported 00 02 58 W treatment lagoons and former gravel pits. Waterbodies support internationally important 51 34 51 N numbers of wintering gadwall and shoveler and nationally important numbers of several other bird species. Contains a range of wetland and valley bottom habitats, both man-made and semi-natural, which support a diverse range of wetland fauna and flora.

UK11040 Medway 4,696.74 Complex of rain-fed, brackish, floodplain grazing 2, 6, 5 Eutrophication, 00 40 38 E Estuary and marsh with ditches, and intertidal saltmarsh and erosion, recreation Marshes mudflat. Support internationally important numbers of disturbance, 51 24 02 N wintering waterfowl. Rare wetland birds breed in transport important numbers. The saltmarsh and grazing marsh infrastructure, of international importance diverse assemblages of dredging, water wetland plants and invertebrates. diversion.

UK11047 The New 28,002.81 Area of semi-natural vegetation including valley mires, 3, 2, 1 Recreation Forest 01 39 22 W fens and wet heath within catchments whose disturbance, uncultivated and undeveloped state buffer the mires drainage/ 50 49 32 N against adverse ecological change. Habitats present reclamation, are of high ecological quality and diversity with introduction/invasion undisturbed transition zones. Other wetland habitats of flora, commercial include numerous ponds and a network of small forestry. streams mainly acidic in character.

UK11052 Pagham 636.68 Central area of saltmarsh and tidal mudflats with 6 Pollution – sewage. 00 45 38 W Harbour surrounding habitats including lagoons, shingle, open water, reed swamp and wet permanent grassland. 50 45 48 N Intertidal mudflats rich in invertebrate and algae, and provide important feeding areas for birds. Supports internationally important numbers of wintering pintail and nationally important numbers of dark-bellied brent goose, grey plover and black-tailed godwit.

UK11053 Pevensey 3,577.71 One of the largest and least-fragmented lowland wet 2, 3 Introduction/invasion Levels 00 20 32 E grassland systems in south-east England. Low-lying of flora, pollution – grazing meadows intersected by a complex system of sewage. 50 50 30 N ditches which support a variety of important wetland communities, including nationally rare and scarce aquatic plants and invertebrates. Notable assemblage of breeding and wintering wildfowl.

UK11054 Poole 2,439.2 Extensive intertidal mudflats support internationally 3, 2, 5, 6, Introduction/invasion Harbour 1 02 01 34 W important numbers of waterfowl in winter. These are of flora, introduction fringed on the landward side by saltmarshes or of exotic animals, 50 40 52 N reedbeds. River valleys of the lower Frome and eutrophication. Piddle support grazing marsh which is also important for wintering waterfowl.

UK11055 Portsmouth 1,248.77 Large industrialised estuary which includes one of the 3, 6 Coastal engineering, Harbour 01 07 32 W four largest expanses of mudflats and tidal creeks on eutrophication, urban the south coast of Britain. Mudflats support large beds development. 50 49 41 N of narrow-leaved and dwarf eelgrass, extensive green alga and sea lettuce. Site supports internationally important numbers of wintering dark-bellied brent geese and nationally important numbers of grey plover, dunlin and black-tailed godwit.

Appendix E E98

Area Code/Location Name Description Criteria* Adverse Factors (ha)

UK11063 Solent and 5,346.44 Comprises estuaries and adjacent coastal habitats 6, 5, 1, 2 Dredging, erosion, Southampton including intertidal flats, saline lagoons, shingle pollution – Water beaches, saltmarsh, reedbeds, damp woodland, and unspecified. 01 31 33 W grazing marsh. Habitats support internationally 50 44 25N important numbers of wintering waterfowl, important breeding gull and tern populations and an important assemblage of rare invertebrates and plants.

UK11064 Somerset 6,388.49 Contains the flood plains of the Rivers Axe, Brue, 6, 2, 5 Cutting/clearing of 02 52 00 W Levels and Parrett, Tone and their tributaries. Majority of site only vegetation, erosion, Moors a few metres above sea level and drains through a pollution – 51 10 14 N large network of ditches, rhynes, drains and rivers. unspecified, Flooding may affect large areas in winter depending vegetation on rainfall and tidal conditions. Areas of open water, succession, fen and reedbed. Internationally important numbers of eutrophication. wildfowl in winter and is one of the most important sites in southern Britain for breeding waders. The network of rhynes and ditches support an outstanding assemblage of aquatic invertebrates, particularly beetles.

UK11065 South West 828.14 Comprises a series of reservoirs and former gravel 6 No factors reported. 00 31 27 W London pits that support internationally important numbers of Waterbodies wintering Anas strepera and Anas clypeata. 51 27 41 N

UK11066 Stodmarsh 481.33 Wetland site resulting in part from subsidence under 2 Flooding, water 01 10 19 E the valley of the Great Stour and aggregate extraction diversion, vegetation but lies within the natural floodplain of the river. succession, 51 18 18 N Range of wetland habitats including open water, eutrophication. reedbeds, grazing marsh and alder carr. Supports a number of uncommon wetland invertebrates and plants, and provides breeding and wintering habitats for important assemblages of wetland birds.

UK11069 Thames 5,588.59 Complex of brackish, floodplain grazing marsh 6, 5, 2 General disturbance, 00 35 47 E Estuary and ditches, saline lagoons and intertidal saltmarsh and erosion, dredging, Marshes mudflat. Support internationally important numbers of eutrophication. 51 29 08 N wintering waterfowl. The saltmarsh and grazing marsh of international importance for diverse assemblages of wetland plants and invertebrates.

UK11070 Thanet Coast 2,169.23 Consists of long stretch of rocky shore, adjoining 6, 2 Water diversion, 01 22 47 E and Sandwich areas of estuary, sand dune, maritime grassland, urban development, Bay saltmarsh and grazing marsh. The wetland habitats general disturbance, 51 18 18 N support 15 British Red Data Book invertebrates, as overgrazing well as a large number of nationally scarce species. (livestock), recreation Internationally important numbers of turnstone and disturbance, nationally important numbers of wintering waders. eutrophication, Used by large numbers of migratory birds. pollution – agriculture, vegetation succession.

UK11071 The Swale 6,514.71 Complex of brackish and freshwater, floodplain 5, 6, 2 Erosion, recreation disturbance. 00 50 21 E grazing marsh with ditches, and intertidal saltmarsh and mudflat. Support internationally important 51 21 39 N numbers of wintering waterfowl. Rare wetland birds breed in important numbers. Saltmarsh and grazing marsh of international importance for diverse assemblages of wetland plants and invertebrates.

Appendix E E99

Area Code/Location Name Description Criteria* Adverse Factors (ha)

UK11074 Thursley and 265.24 Valley mire complex within a matrix of heathland, 3, 2 Water extraction, Ockley Bogs flooding. 00 42 01 W where drainage is impeded, and a deep layer of peat has built up. Several areas of open water contribute 51 09 52 N to the overall diversity of the site, ranging from acidic boggy pools and ditches to large ponds.

UK11076 Walmore 52.85 Low-lying area in the Severn Vale subject to winter 6 No factors reported. 02 22 14 W Common flooding. Variety of habitats including improved neutral grassland, unimproved marshy grassland and 51 49 58 N open water ditches. The common is part of a series of sites within the Severn Vale which, in winter, form an important refuge and feeding area for wildfowl.

UK11081 Severn 2,4662.98 Tidal regime results in plant and animal communities 1, 8, 5, 4, Recreation 3, 6 03 02 57 W Estuary typical of the extreme physical conditions of liquid mud disturbance, (Wales) and tide swept sand and rock. Species-poor industrial pollution, 51 13 29 N invertebrate community includes high densities of pollution – oil, ragworms, lugworms and other invertebrates forming eutrophication, an important food source for passage and wintering erosion, dredging, waders. Extensive intertidal zone comprising pollution – mudflats, sand banks, shingle, and rocky platforms. unspecified. Heavily grazed saltmarsh fringes the estuary with a range of saltmarsh types present.

Appendix E E100