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E21450ea0p09801blic10afr1 E2145 ENVIRONMENTAL I MPACT A SSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED LANDFILL GAS FLARING CDM Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT AT MPERERWE LANDFILL SITE,KITEEZI Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Final Report Prepared by Kampala City Council November 2008 Public Disclosure Authorized TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5-12 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 13 1.2 Need for EIA Study 13 1.3 The Scope of Work 14 1.4 Brief description of the site 15 1.4.1 Site Location 15 1.4.2 Details of the Site 15 1.4.3 Accessibility to Project Site 17 1.4.4 Process and Methodology adopted for the study 17 1.5 Contents of the Rapid EIA Report 20 CHAPTER 2 Project Description 2.0 Proposed LFG Extraction CDM Project 22 2.1 Introduction 22 2.2 Overview of Technology to be used for LFG extraction 22 2.3 Background of existing Landfill 23 2.4 Existing Solid Waste Management Scenario in Kampala 24 2.5 Present Activities at the landfill site 25 2.6 Utilities available at site 25 CHAPTER 3 Environmental and Social issues 3.1 Environmental and Social issues associated with the present practice of Landfill management 26 3.1.1 Environmental Issues 26 3.1.2 Social Issues 28 3.1.3 Health and Safety Concerns 30 3.1.4 Summary of Impacts 31 3.1.5 Residual issues/impacts at the site after LFG plant installation 34 3.2 Environmental and Social issues from LFG flaring project: 37 3.2.1 Activities at Site 37 3.2.2 Identification of potential environmental and social issues 38 Kampala City Council 2 CHAPTER 4 Existing Baseline Environmental condition 4.0 Background 40 4.1 Site Geology 40 4.2 Sub-Surface Conditions 40 4.3 Hydrology 40 4.4 Physical Features 41 4.5 Flora and Fauna 41 CHAPTER 5 Impact Assessment 5.1 Impact Assessment of proposed CDM Project 43 5.1.1 Impacts associated with Specific Construction Activities 43 5.1.2 Other impacts associated with construction Activities 45 & Project Developments 5.2 Impacts associated with operation phase activities 45 5.2.1 Impacts from flare siting 45 5.2.2 Potential impacts from landfill gas flare /combustion 46 5.2.3 Emission from operation of DG set occasionally and use of support fuel 47 5.2.4 Spillage and leakage of oil/chemicals 47 5.2.5 Discharge of domestic liquid waste 48 5.2.6 Solid waste from conditioning of landfill gas 48 5.2.7 Vibration 48 5.3 Impact associated with Closure and Post Closure phase activities 48 5.4 Impact associated with Social Issues 48 5.5 Summary 49 CHAPTER 6 Environmental & Social Management Plan (ESMP) 6.0 Background 54 6.1 EMP during construction stage 54 6.1.1 Environment Management Plans 55 6.1.2 Social Management Plan 57 6.2 ESMP during Operation phase 58 6.2.1 Environmental management plan 58 6.2.2 Social Management Plan 60 Kampala City Council 3 6.2.3 Health & Safety Plan 60 6.3 Impact associated with Closure and Post Closure phase activities 60 6.4 Community Benefit Measures 61 6.4.1 Stakeholder Consultation 61 6.5 Summary 63 6.6 Compliance Monitoring Requirement 78 6.7 Institutional Framework for Implementation& Monitoring 79 6.8 Environmental Auditing 80 6.9 Community Benefit Plan 80 CHAPTER 7 Conclusion 82 CHAPTER 8 LFG experience in other countries 84 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 : Satellite view of Kiteezi 16 Figure 1.2 : Location of Kampala on world map 18 Figure 1.3 : Location of the project 19 LIST OF TABLE Table 2.1 : Refuse Composition 24 Table 3.1 : Summary of Environmental, Social and Health & Safety issues & associated Impacts from present practice of landfill management 32 Table 3.2: Residual issues/impacts at the site after LFG plant installation 34 Table 3.3 : Identification of activities & associated Issues from LFG flaring Project 38 Table 5.1 : Potential agents of health and environmental impacts from landfill gas and/or combustion of the landfill gas 46 Table 5.2 : Environmental, Social and Health & Safety Issues and Significance level of their Impacts from LFG flaring Project 50 Table 6.1 : Issues discussed at the Stakeholder Consultation 61 Table 6.2 : Summary of Environment, Social, Health & Safety Management Plan 64 Table 6.3 : Monitoring requirement for Mpererwe LFG Flaring Project 78 APPENDIX Appendix1 : License conditions for operating existing landfill site issued by The National Environment Management Authority( NEMA) 87 Kampala City Council 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction For an existing landfill site at Mpererwe in Kiteezi Village, which is expected to reach its of the Project capacity by the end of 2008, Kampala City Council(KCC) is planning to implement a CDM project activity to extract and flare the landfill gas (LFG) generated from the landfill. The project will ensure that the LFG generated from the landfill is collected through a comprehensive network of gas wells and flared in a flaring system so that the GHG potential of the LFG is destroyed. The project will contribute to reduction of GHG emissions to the atmosphere. It will also improve landfill safety and eliminate the smoky environment which is often caused by spontaneous burning of waste in the upper layers of the landfill arising from release of LFG from the landfill. Implementation of this proposed CDM project activity is included as part of the investment package planned for the Solid Waste Management component of the World Bank funded Kampala Institutional and Infrastructure Development Project (KIIDP). The construction and operation of such plant has the potential to cause adverse impacts on the environment and the public health safety, if appropriate control measures are not taken. NEMA, the National Environment Management Authority of Uganda, has recently issued a license to KCC for purposes of carrying out improvements on the operations and management of Kiteezi waste disposal site. In the license, NEMA has mandated KCC to carry out an environmental impact assessment of the project it intends to implement under CDM and obtain approval of environmental aspects of the project from NEMA before implementing the project activity. The EIA report has been prepared in accordance with the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation Act S.I. No. 13/ 1998 promulgated by the National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) of the Government of Uganda. This act directs all projects covered under Schedule 3 of the National Environment Act, Cap 153, to undertake environmental impact assessment and approval there after from NEMA. Solid waste management activity is one of the activities covered under Schedule 3 of the National Environmental Act. Project The Mpererwe, Kiteezi landfill site is located in the Nangabo Sub-Country of Wakiso description District , 13 kilometres north of Kampala city center. Kampala is located in the south of Uganda, close to the northern shores of Lake Victoria. The site of the proposed project is a containment site and has been filled in with waste since 1996. Present size of the site is 29 acres and additional 6 acres plot was acquired on the south side for further extension of the life of the site by two years Geographically, Kampala where the project site is located is at following coordinates: Latitude : 2 50' 0'' Longitude : 32 34' 00'' Main features of the site are as follows: The site has smooth rolling terrain with hilly surrounding, especially on the south and east side. The average height of ground surface at the proposed project is about 1172 m above mean sea level. Area around the proposed project site in Wakiso District receives approximately 1000 mm rainfall annually. There is no archaeological monument or cultural property near immediate vicinity of the site. Kampala City Council 5 There are no endangered species of flora and fauna in the project area. Site is surrounded by habitation within 500 m, separated by a natural buffer zone of hillock or trees and bushes. One house is very close to site , just at the entrance. The house owner was landlord of part of the landfill site once upon a time and voluntarily sold part of his land to KCC for landfill development. Site Setting The site is readily accessible by the existing road network. The landfill site is located to the north of Kampala City about 13 km from the City Center. The present access to the site from Kampala City is through Kampala-Gayaza road (about 9 km), branching off to the left at Mpererwe and following the bitumen road going to Namulonge (about 4km). The site surrounding consists of grassland characterized by short grass with a few trees and shrubs. Entire eastern boundary is part of a wetland. The major hydrologic feature observed is a perennial stream in the valley bottom flowing South East. It flows through wetland with relatively thick vegetation and papyrus reeds adjacent to the site, to the walufumbe swamp.The general drainage pattern is semi-dendrite in nature forming a regional catchment area. Site drainage pattern is toward valley bottom which is on the South-East side of the landfill site Environment There is significant environmental setting around the project site. Site is not very Setting in far(500m) from habitation area in the immediate vicinity. One house owner, who was area also the land owner of part of the area, from whom KCC bought land for the present site under consideration, is located just at the entrance of the landfill site on south direction. Eastern boundary of the landfill is just on the edge of wetland with swamp. Soil erosion is evident at this location owing to soil excavation activity for construction of Leachate Treatment Plant.
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