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Araneidae (Orb Weavers) from Salbardi Forest Dist

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Araneidae (Orb Weavers) from Salbardi Forest Dist ARANEIDAE (ORB WEAVERS) FROM SALBARDI FOREST DIST. AMRAVATI, (MS), INDIA. U. S. Deshmukh Department of Zoology, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati. ABSTRACT is based on both the family (Araneidae) and the Salbardi Forest, District Amravati, (MS) was order (Araneae). Orb-webs are also produced by explored to study diversity and abundance members of other spider families. The long- orb viewer spiders in their natural habitat. jawed orb weavers (Tetragnathidae) were Salbardi Forest, a part of Satpura ranges, is formerly included in the dry deciduous with great diversity of flora Araneidae; the cribellate or hackled orb- and fauna. Orb weaver, family Araneidae, weavers (Uloboridae) also construct the orb spiders dominated amongst other spiders webs. and represented 31 species from 08 genera. Many workers prefer to use the name of Genus Araneus represented 5 species, the family as Argiopidae but according to the Argiope 2 species, Chorizopes 4 species, law of priority the family name Araneidae is Cyrtophora 3 species, Cyclosa 4 species, retained. Almost all of species spin snares in the Neoscona 12 species, Telacantha and Zygiella form of an orb, while some construct a retreat at 1 species each. Abundance of genus Neoscona a distance from the snare and others remain at was dominantly and abundantly observed in the centre of the orb-web in upside down surveyed area. position and wait quietly for their prey. Spiders Keywords: Spiders, Arneidae, Salbardi play a significant predatory role in nature. Forest. Insects are the largest part of the spider diet, but they also feed on other arthropods, such as sow Introduction: bugs, millipedes and other spiders. Spiders are cosmopolitan Arthropods, found in Family Araneidae was studied in India almost all environmental conditions. The mainly by Stoliczka (1869), Simon (1884, 1889, current world list of spiders includes 45,776 1892), Thorell (1895) and Pocock (1900) who species under 3974 genera distributed over 114 were the pioneer workers on this group of families (WSC, 2016). In India they are spiders. They described many species from represented by 1686 species belonging to 438 India, Burma and Sri Lanka. Afterwards genera of 61 families (WSC, 2015; Keswani et Gravely (1922) recorded some species of al., 2012). Aranidae family is cosmopolitan and Araneid spiders. Salbardi forest is having a rich is the third biggest family amongst spiders, biodiversity therefore an attempt was made to world comprising more than 3122 species in study abundance and richness of Araneids from 172 genera worldwide. (WSC 2017). 28 genera this area. and 163 species are recorded from India. Araneid webs are constructed in a stereotyped Material and Methods: fashion. A framework of nonsticky silk is built Study Area: up before the spider adds a final spiral of silk Present study was carried out to explore covered in sticky droplets. The web model the diversity and abundance of spiders from remains useful for identification of species. Salbardi Forest (The Latitude and Longitude of Their status as an icon of all spiders is reflected salbardi is 21.4183 and 78.0113 respectively). in the name Araneidae is based on the type Salbardi is about 8 km. (5 miles) North of genus Araneus Clerck, 1757, which is thus the Morshi, District Amravati, on the border lying (basionym) original name on which a new name partly in the Betul District of Madhya Pradesh ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-5, ISSUE-1, 2018 313 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) on Madu River. Salbardi is named from its broader with highly convex and roundish abundance of Sal trees and the stony character cephalic region, thoracic region downward of its soil. sharply at the back and lowers down visual Methods: region produces trapezium which is slightly The spiders were collected and wider behind than front. Labium triangular in preserved according to Tikader (1963). shape with short maxillae and converge towards Immature spiders were left to its habitat; insight broadly. repetition of collection was avoided. Spiders 4. Cyrtophora Simon: were collected in the dry containers, Three species were recorded from this photographed and then preserve in 70% alcohol. genus. They do not build orb webs but build Active Visual Searching and Hand Picking: tent-like, highly complex non-sticky web. These Spiders were actively searched under spiders were often observed in colonies. rocks, wood, grounds debris, and loose dead Carapace of the spiders is nearly flat with long barks of trees and on the ground surface. As the cephalic region. Ocular quad is slightly longer spiders from family Araneidae built orb webs, it than wide, lateral eyes equal and slightly apart make easy to observe the webs and then spiders. from each other. Abdomen is very high Results & Discussion:- anteriorly and provided with paired tubercles. Present study was carried out 5. Genus Cyclosa, Megne, 1866: consecutively for two years to investigate the This genus was represented by four spiders fauna (Family Araneidae) from Salbardi species. Though it views orb web but at centre it Forest, Dist. Amravati. Total 31 species were is having some peculiar pattern thickly viewed recorded from 8 genera. Females were found where females mostly observed for pray abundantly as compared to males, only 6 male capture. Cephalic region is anterior with narrow species were observed amongst 31 species. Carapace cephalic region is distinctly separated 1. Genus Araneus Clerck, 1757: from thoracic region by U Shaped groove which Five species were recorded from this is oblique in manner. Visual region is trapezium genus, most of them were observed on plants on like and much narrower from behind than in webs. Spiders are colourful and mimic with the front; anterior median eye is larger than environment. In case of genus Araneus carapace posterior both rows of eyes are recurved. is somewhat rounded with no horny outgrowths; 6. Genus Neoscona, Simon, 1864: in female thoracic groove transverse but in male This genus dominated all other it is with lateral prolongations Eye position Araneides, representing 12 species. Most of the forming a trapezium, not much longer but wide Neosconas start constructing their webs in the enough and median eye is asymmetrical in size evening and distract it in the morning, remain while lateral is close and situated on main hide during day time. In female presence of tubercles. Males having hook on coxa I and longitudinal thoracic groove separates groove on femur II, similarly on lateral side of Neoscona from other members of genus tibia II spines are present. Araneus. Epigyne is simple with tongue like 2. Genus Argiope Audouin, 1826: scape and fused completely to the base with two Two species were recorded from this or three pairs of lateral lobes, epigynal notch genus, commonly known as signature spiders. presence below to the scape. Females were abundantly observed resting at 7. Telacantha: the centre of web during September and This genus is represented with only one October. Carapace is extremely flat, covered described species. Prominently white coloured with thick layer of white pubescence. Visual pubescences on dark coloured abdomen make region produces trapezium, which is longer and the spider attractive. Carapace of this genus is wide as well posterior row of eyes are strongly with cephalic region much elevated at the procurved, anterior lateral side eyes are middle and sloping interiorly and posteriorly. comparatively smaller than posterior laterals. Ocular quad wider behind than in front, median 3. Genus Chorizopes O.P. Cambridge, 1870: eyes usually equal in size. Abdomen large, sub- Four species were collected during quadrate, transversely oblong or narrowed survey. Small sized spiders mostly mimicking laterally, integument horny, impressed with with the environment. Carapace anterior and ISSN (PRINT): 2393-8374, (ONLINE): 2394-0697, VOLUME-5, ISSUE-1, 2018 314 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) large sigilla, provided with an anterior, a Genus Neoscona found dominant with 12 median and posterior spines on abdomen. individuals (38.70 %) out of the total 31 spiders 8. Genus Zygeilla F.O.P. Cambridge, 1902: over other genus which was followed by genus Single species was found during survey. Araneus 5 species (16.12%). Genus Argiope 2 Body is covered with white and gray species (6.45%), Clorizopes 4 species (12.90 pubescence appeared leaf-like mark on %), Cyrtophora 3 species (9.67%), Cyclosa 4 abdomen. Carapace of this genus is with species (12.90 %), Telacantha (3.22 %) and cephalic region usually darker in colour than Zygeilla 1 species (3.22 %) represented thoracic region and with very few hairs. respectively. (Table no.1) It was observed that Anterior median eye is larger than posterior and during the survey winter was the most diverse lateral median. Visual region is as long as broad season, in which all 31 species and 8 genera in front and somewhat narrower at the back than were recorded which was followed by monsoon in front. with 18 species while 5 species were recorded In present study Family Araneidae was in the summer. surveyed for two years and it was reported that Table 1: List of spiders from family Araneidae. Araneidae 1. Araneus anantanagensis Female 2. Araneus mitificus Female 3. Araneus nympha Female 4. Araneus phalgaonensis Female &Male 5. Argiope aemula Female & Male 6. Argiope anasuja (Thorell) Female 7. Chorizopes calciope Female 9. Chorizopes khanjanes Female 10. Chorizopes tikaderi Female 11.Cyrtophora cicatrosa Female 12. Cyrtophora citricola Female 13. Cyrtophora jabalpurensis Female 14. Cyclosa hexatuberculata Female 15. Cyclosa insulana Female 16. Cyclosa moondensis Female 17. Cyclosa simony Female 18. Neoscona achine Female 19. Neoscona bengalensis Female 20. Neoscona chrysunthusi Female & Male 21. Neoscona crucifera Female & Male 22. Neoscona dyali Female 23. Neoscona mukharji Female 24. Neoscona nautica Female 25. Neoscona pavida Female 26. Neoscona pratensis Female 27.
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