Masterplan Topic Paper ~ THE HISTORIC LANDSCAPE ~

Contents

Background...... 2

Purpose of this paper...... 2

Designations...... 2

Overview assessment of the designed landscape ...... 6

Beyond the boundary of the designed landscape...... 12

Historic significance of the landscape...... 12

Existing and Future Historic Landscape Projects...... 13

Summary of Historic Landscape Consultation ...... 13

Issues and Opportunities for the Historic Landscape ...... 13

Appendix 1. Identification map ...... 17

Appendix 2. Historic Environment Record...... 18

This is one of five topic papers that have been prepared as reference material to accompany the Masterplan Report for Saltram Countryside Park on behalf of The National Trust, City Council and Natural .

The other papers cover the following topics: • Farming and Landownership • Landscape Character • Recreation and Access • Biodiversity

Copies can be downloaded from www.plymouth.gov.uk/saltrammasterplan

Land Use Consultants, Bristol. 15 February 2011

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BACKGROUND The Countryside Park is centred on the 18th century designed landscape of Saltram which is owned and managed by the National Trust. Saltram is of exceptional interest as evidenced by its inclusion at Grade II* on the English Heritage Register of Parks and of Special Historic interest and the array of listed buildings and structures which add to its uniqueness. The wider landscape of the Countryside Park also contains many historic features and evidence of past land use with fields divided by characteristic Devonshire banks, the presence of quarries, and evidence of orchards, ponds and allotment gardens. St Maurice Conservation Area lies partially within the north eastern edge of the Countryside Park and contains features dating to medieval and earlier periods of history.

Whilst much of the designed landscape core remains intact, some parts of the Countryside Park and much of its wider context is now influenced by urban development including housing, new roads and other interventions such as pylon lines and masts.

By undertaking a detailed analysis of the historic landscape, the key qualities which make Saltram significant can be drawn out. The masterplan will detail how to conserve and enhance these key qualities with the aim of delivering tangible benefits for current and future communities. Historic circulation patterns, designed views and lost features can all be rediscovered and restored to enhance the Countryside Park experience and interpreted to bring Saltram’s story alive.

PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER This paper provides information about the historical development of the landscape in the Countryside Park to provide context to the masterplan and the actions that will deliver it. The paper is split into the following sections: • Designations • Overview assessment of the designed landscape • Beyond the designed landscape • Historic significance of the landscape • Existing and future historic landscape projects • Summary of historic landscape consultation • Issues and opportunities for the historic landscape

A map identifying places mentioned in the text is provided in Appendix 1. DESIGNATIONS Saltram is registered Grade II* on the English Heritage Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic interest. The English Heritage Register entry summarises the landscape as “an 18th century and parkland landscape developed from the mid 18th century, with advice on garden structures from Lord Grantham, and from c.1770 with advice from the landscape designer Nathaniel Richmond.” Saltram contains a range of historic features and a number of listed buildings as summarised in the maps (Figure 1 and 2) and Table 1 below. The Conservation Area of Plympton St Maurice covers a small part of the north east corner of the Countryside Park and comprises “a fine survival of a planned medieval settlement and other early historic elements (castle and church)...The boundary of the Conservation Area can be clearly and recognisably defined and this boundary encloses the entire historic townscape of Plympton St Maurice and those elements which add greatly to the value of its setting, notably St Peter's Convent, the Pathfields and the fields to the south of Long Brook.” 2

Table 1: Listed Buildings Map Name Grade No. 1 Amphitheatre in grounds of II* 2 Chapel at Saltram House II 3 Dovecote at Hardwick Farm II* 4 Former Laundry, Brewhouse, Timber Store and Carpenters Shop at Saltram House II 5 Garden Temple (Known as Fannys Bower) in Grounds of Saltram House II* 6 Garden house at Saltram House II* 7 Gate Piers approximately 550 Meters South East of Saltram House II* 8 Gate Piers North East of North East Lodge (Lodge not included) II 9 Hardwick Farmhouse II 10 Haye Farmhouse II 11 at Saltram House II* 12 Outbuilding adjoining North East of Wixenford Farmhouse II 13 Point Cottage II 14 Quay Walls in front of Point Cottage II 15 Railings and gates east and south east of Saltram House II 16 Saltram House I 17 Stable Block at Saltram House II* 18 Stag Lodge, including Inner and Outer Gate Piers to Saltram House II 19 Telegraph Cottage II 20 Walls and Gate Piers East of Coach House at Saltram House II 21 Wixenford Farmhouse II

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OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT OF THE DESIGNED LANDSCAPE A review of existing documentary sources and reports and a two day site visit in July 2010 have informed this assessment of the historic designed landscape and examines the issues / opportunities that relate to the proposed Countryside Park. Key documentary references are:

• Historic OS Maps 1869, 1906, 1904-1939, 1919-1943. • English Heritage Register of Park and Gardens register entry, 2010. • Saltram Historic Landscape Survey and Management Plan, Nicholas Pearson Associates (NPA)1999. • The Setting of Saltram Park an Historic Landscape Assessment, The Parks Agency 2006 -2007. • Saltram Property Management Plan (2006 – 2009), The National Trust • Saltram – an historic parkland, a vision for its restoration and future, The National Trust Key phases of development The development of the designed landscape has been described in The National Trust Park Survey (Fretwell, 1990/91) and the NPA Historic Survey and Management Plan (1999). Four key phases of development are identified: 1. The ‘Kentian’ landscape 1740 – 1768: John and Catherine Parker laid out the garden and Saltram Wood with walks and an amphitheatre c.1740. Groves of trees around the house were thinned to create a ‘Kentian’ landscape. Charles Hamilton of Painshill, Surrey visits Saltram. 2. The Picturesque landscape 1769 – 1825: (a) 1768 – 1788 Neo-Classical – John Parker II (Lord Boringdon from 1784) with advice from Nathaniel Richmond (alterations to the garden and park), Robert Adam (alterations to the house and Boringdon Arch) and Thomas Robertson (later Lord Grantham – a new kitchen garden and the Castle) (b) 1800 – 1825 Regency – John Parker III ( from 1815) with work to drives and planting. 3. The Third Earl’s landscape 1884 – 1905: The Third Earl, the keen plants man Lord Morley, re-planted the garden and Belt and created paths in woodlands e.g. Hardwick Wood and Sellar Acres. A further phase of parkland planting was almost certainly carried out at this time. 4. Modern landscape 1905 – present day: few changes were made under the Fourth and Fifth Earls (1905 – 1962) and in 1957 the house, garden and part of the park were transferred to the National Trust in lieu of death duties. Modern accretions to the landscape include the A38 dual carriageway, the restored landfill site at Chelson Meadows and gradual development creep from all directions. Understanding the designed landscape The Second Edition Ordnance Survey (1906, Figure 3) records the full extent of the final significant phase of improvements implemented by the Third Earl and has therefore been used to inform our analysis. The results of our analysis appear in Figures 4 – 9 below.

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Figure 3: Second Edition Ordnance Survey 1906

Figure 4: Topography and setting

Note: The Gore is the historical name for the area now referred to as Blackson Piece

Topography and setting: The designed landscape at Saltram has developed by working with the ‘genius of the place’ particularly by working with the natural landform as no large scale alterations 7

to topography are apparent. Highpoints were used for key features that required prospect such as the house and garden and Hardwick Wood, whilst valleys were used to form more intimate spaces including the Dell and the Gore (now referred to as Blackson Piece). Rising landform was used to plant ‘backdrop’ woodlands and some driveways were carefully located so as to conceal them from view (Figures 6 to 8).

The Estuary lies to the west of Saltram A drive carefully following contours

The small scale valley form of the Gore/Blackson Piece Saltram House in its parkland setting Figure 5: Views from the historic designed landscape

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Views: Saltram House sits as a jewel box on a ridge with views to the south, east and west fronts of the house. The amphitheatre, Point House and Quay, and the Castle (now inward facing) are also key features or eye-catchers in views towards the designed landscape from the outside. Distant views out from Saltram are to the estuary, Mount Edgecumbe, Plymouth Sound, the Cornish Hills and Boringdon Arch. Middle distance views are to the ridge top woodlands and parkland. Internal views include those to the house, garden, the Castle and across the wider parkland and planted features.

Saltram House The Amphitheatre

The Castle – influenced by Hamilton’s View towards Plymouth with Chelson work at Painshill? Meadow in the middle ground

Figure 6: Structural planting

Note: Orchards are mapped based on their historic locations on the second edition OS map (Fig 3)

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Structural planting: Planting within the designed landscape includes tree clumps, belts, specimen parkland trees, woodland, avenues, ornamental woodland (The Dell/ Happy Valley), the garden and orchards. There are broadly three key elements to the structural planting at Saltram: (1) ridge top woodlands including those at Hardwick Woods, Pomphlett Plantation and Saltram Woods create interest, provide a backdrop to views, define ownership and enable sheltered prospect; (2) ‘mid-height’ plantations e.g. Wixenford Break and plantations in Queen’s and Ellacombe Parks which create interest in the undulating parkland and frame views; (3) valley woodlands including the Belt, Wixenford Bottom and Sellar Acres which provide a more intimate and enclosed experience.

View of Hardwick Wood from View of Plantations in Queen’s and Wixenford Break Ellacombe Parks

Views of the Dell/ Happy Valley

Figure 7: Approaches and arrival

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Approaches and arrival: Carriage drives are carefully contrived and often sequential – (1) arrival (2) dark/ shade of dense woodland (3) selected open views to parkland/ agricultural land depending on location (4) back to dark / shade of dense woodland (5) glimpse views of the house and/or the Castle in parkland setting and out into open parkland (6) the house becomes concealed to views again by planting until final grand arrival. This sequence is quite reminiscent of the design principles developed by the renowned eighteenth century landscape designer, Humphrey Repton.

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4 5 6 The six stage sequential approach from the Stag Lodges as described above. At stage 5 there should be a glimpse view of the house but this has been lost to recent avenue planting and other vegetation nearer the house. Figure 8: How the elements work together

Figure 8 shows how the topography, views, planting and approaches work together to create a series of experiences.

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BEYOND THE BOUNDARY OF THE DESIGNED LANDSCAPE The landscape beyond the boundary of the designed landscape towards the medieval settlement of Plympton St Maurice is also noteworthy. The field pattern is characterised by small irregular shaped fields bounded by hedge banks. Sunken lanes cut through the area with further evidence of historic land use and management is evidenced by a large number of former quarries (seven are shown on the Second Edition OS map 1906), two sites of allotment gardens, orchards, and a number of ponds. It would also appear that this part of the landscape was in some way integrated into the designed landscape as one of the straight paths set out in Hardwick Wood appears to be centred on Plympton Castle. A number of fields towards the east of the study area, to the south of Plympton St Maurice, fall within the Plympton St Maurice Conservation Area. The Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan emphasises the importance of the rural setting and the “backcloth of farmland and wooded hills to the south.” HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LANDSCAPE The key aspects of the historic significance of the area encompassed by the Countryside Park include:

• Archaeological features: there are many extant archaeological features at Saltram as listed in Appendix 2 and shown in Figure 2 with examples including garden archaeology and pre-park field boundaries. • A multi-phased Parker landscape: the landscape has been in Parker Family ownership since its creation in the 18th century before being handed to the National Trust in 1957 providing a sense of continuity through single family ownership and onto the stewardship of the Trust. The three key developmental phases demonstrate that the Parker’s followed the prevailing trends in landscape design. Key surviving features from each phase include: The ‘Kentian’ landscape 1740 – 1768: the amphitheatre c.1740 and it is possible that archaeological remains of the earlier gardens and walks survive.

The Picturesque landscape 1769 – 1825: most of the park seen today relates to this period including the drives, many of the buildings (including entrance lodges, the castle and the altered house) and some of the planting.

The Third Earl’s landscape 1884 – 1905: the re-planted the garden and enhancements to the Belt, some of the parkland planting and paths in woodlands.

Saltram’s inclusion at Grade II* in the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest makes the designed landscape of exceptional historic interest

• Historic associations: notable contributors include: Nathaniel Richmond (a contemporary and follower of Capability Brown), Robert Adam, Charles Hamilton at Painshill, and contemporary commentators (Revd. Swete, Gilpin, JC Loudon). • Setting for listed buildings and features: The registered landscape and the wider study area provide the setting for many listed buildings. • Setting for Plympton St Maurice Conservation Area: The land to the west and south of Plympton St Maurice provides the setting to the Conservation Area.

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EXISTING AND FUTURE HISTORIC LANDSCAPE PROJECTS Existing or future planned projects (or management activities) regarding the historic landscape that this study needs to take account of include:

Summarised from Saltram Estate Visioning Meeting Minutes (April 2009) • Saltram Higher Level Stewardship agreement (20010). • Tree survey to inform restoration of key planting/characteristics from early phases e.g. clumps on lumps (to be funded or carried out by internal staff). • Preference for native and historic species but not to be exclusive (allowing for climate change). • Maintenance/ reinstatement of woodland belts to original banks including restoring historic views/vistas (long term cyclical project). • Investigate options for reinstatement of historic access route through Hardwick Wood (severed from the rest of the estate by the A38. • Restoration and lighting of the amphitheatre, restoration of the Dell and archaeological survey of Bickham Barn (potential Rural Development Agency/ Heritage Lottery funding). • Reinstatement of full width of Green Ride and viewpoint (being undertaken).

SUMMARY OF HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CONSULTATION Kim Auston (Regional Landscape Architect for English Heritage) has been consulted throughout the masterplanning process and has expressed support for this “far-reaching project that will benefit both the local community and the historic environment.” Key issues raised by English Heritage include:

• The need to conserve and enhance the distinct identity of Saltram’s designed landscape

• Constraints of available funding and therefore deliverability of the proposals

• Alterations to gateways or approaches within the registered landscape will require early consultation with English Heritage and Plymouth City Council Conservation Officer.

• Care should be taken when siting new paths and links - lighting should be absolutely avoided and fencing and surfacing will require very careful design.

• Blackson Piece, the Amphitheatre and Happy Valley are all covered by at least one designation and detailed proposals would require consultation with English Heritage.

• The Amphitheatre should be considered as a priority project as it is included on the “at risk” register.

ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE HISTORIC LANDSCAPE Overview of the current condition of the landscape Though much of Saltram’s setting has been irreversibly altered (Figure 9) the estuary, the city, the farmland and surrounding woodland remain intact and the core elements of the designed landscape survive today.

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Figure 9: Modern accretions in the landscape

The landscape is generally in good condition but is subject to heavy visitor use due to its urban fringe location. Currently limited resources are directed to the core of the house and garden as well as selected parts of the wider landscape. The result is that some parts of the designed landscape have been lost, obscured or degraded.

The following is a summary of the key issues and opportunities:

Issues • Severance of Hardwick Wood, Lodges and land from the estate by the A38.

• Noise from A38.

• Integration of Chelson Meadows within the designed landscape: this could be achieved by a thin scattering of clumps and specimen parkland trees, retaining views back to house, and southern slope planting.

• Focus of resources and activity: Current management focuses on enhancing the experience that visitor’s receive, principally in the house and gardens, and on wider ranger-based countryside management. These activities, and the Trust’s engagement in development control and planning in the wider area, have not been able to prevent the loss or diminution of various elements of the historic design.

• Capacity of component parts of the estate relating to existing and potential footfall in garden, parkland, wider estate.

• Sensitivity of features including trees and other habitats.

• Perceived or actual conflicts including livestock and people, dogs and their mess and other users.

• Infrastructure: The high levels of public use of the area around Saltram House has required the provision of infrastructure such as car parks, fencing against livestock,

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paths and dog bins which detract from the historic setting and design of the house, gardens and parkland.

• Visitor safety: need to consider risks associated with condition of trees, surfaces and structures.

• Modern interventions: there are a range of recent interventions which require consideration including some of the planting within the park.

• Existing funding: Higher Level Stewardship (HLS) and England Woodland Grant Scheme (EWGS) commitments and opportunities (see copy of HLS agreement).

• Existing NT aspirations: (see earlier reference to visioning meeting notes) these need to be incorporated/ considered where possible and practical. Opportunities • Re-use of the historic carriage drives and paths – Stag Lodge and drive as main entry point, circular loops e.g. (1) re-linking Saltram Wood and the park with house and garden (2) the Belt (3) the Belt as part of the recreational spine (sound existing infrastructure) (4) other historic routes elsewhere e.g. Hardwick Wood and Sellar Acres.

• Restore historic views: e.g. view to house from Wixenford Brake, view from Stag Lodge drive, views to and from the Castle, views from Saltram Wood, view to and from east front of house, selected ‘hide and discover’ views along carriage drives.

• Trees: remove trees which are the incorrect species in the incorrect place. There is potential here to flag up issues and opportunities that will feed into the parkland planting plan being produced by the National Trust.

• Follow up, develop and support The National Trust’s Bickham Farm / orchard hub project.

• Headline restoration projects that would be compatible with or support the countryside park function:

• The Dell / Happy Valley: fantastic feature with great potential to deliver multiple benefits.

• The Amphitheatre: previously identified as a potential gateway feature for the City. Good potential but many constraints. Geologists report due later this year.

• Orchard planting: former locations are shown on historic OS maps for but this should not be prescriptive/restrictive.

• Allotment gardens: former locations are shown on historic OS maps for but again, this should not be prescriptive/restrictive.

• Reconnecting Hardwick Wood with the rest of the Countryside Park. This can be achieved in several ways. Visual connections can be made by opening up view points from the wood south over the Estate. Improved physical access for people can be established by creating better crossing points across the Merafield Road at the western and eastern ends of the wood. Physical connectivity can be improved by widening and enhancing the vegetation cover on the road verges of the Merafield Road where it crosses over the A38 towards Stag Lodge. It is noted that a green bridge would be costly but would unlock great potential for nature conservation, recreation and providing enhanced landscape and habitat connectivity. Such a bridge has been

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constructed at Scotney Castle (a National Trust property) in order to retain the key historic approach.

• Woodland management: to open views, to provide wood fuel / raw materials for charcoal production, restore historic character, improve ecological values. There could be a huge amount of timber of variable quality arising from management work. There is potential for children’s activity here e.g. building camps in the woods (links with Forest Schools).

• Blackson Piece (historically called The Gore): informal recreation potential (picnic, natural play on deadwood etc.) which should be combined with the restoration of the area as a destination in the designed landscape. A quote from White's Devonshire Directory of 1850 establishes an historic precedent for picnics - “The groves and of Saltram, overlooking the waters of the estuary of the Plym, called the Lara, are the scenes of many picnic parties during the summer season.”

• Branding: link the estate with agricultural/ horticultural produce. Connections to healthy living agenda and allotments.

• Staffing of countryside park: consider what skills will be required (perhaps more of a community engagement officer role?); training opportunities and apprenticeships, volunteering.

• Funding: as well as HLS could consider Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund ALSF (clear connection to quarrying), additional EWGS, sponsorship, PCC section 106 funds and the Heritage Lottery Fund.

• Business opportunities: charcoal/ wood fuel; craftsmen using estate won timber to produce e.g. tree guards, benches, hurdles; company away days (anything from hiring a field with BBQs to fully managed ‘hands on’ activities).

• Interpretation: various themes could be developed throughout the site including social history, agriculture and food production, historic land management techniques, natural history, and quarrying amongst others.

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Appendix 1. Identification map

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Appendix 2: Historic Environment Record (refer to Figure 2)

Map No Title Subject Period Period2 1 Amphitheatre, Saltram. Post Medieval Post Medieval 2 Bank to Sawpit clump, Saltram. Bank (Earthwork) Post Medieval Post Medieval 3 Barn Park clump, Saltram. Uncertain 4 Bath Seat, Saltram. Seat Post Medieval Post Medieval 5 Bickham Barn, Saltram. Barn Post Medieval Post Medieval 6 Bickham Meadows, Saltram. Meadow Post Medieval Post Medieval 7 Bird Hide, Saltram. Hide Modern Modern 8 Blaxton Meadow embankment, Saltram. Meadow Post Medieval Post Medieval 9 Blaxton Quay, Saltram. Quay Post Medieval Post Medieval 10 Cobbled gutter, Saltram. Drain Post Medieval Post Medieval 11 Concrete plinth, Saltram. Sculpture Modern Modern 12 Cot Lodge, Saltram. Lodge Post Medieval Post Medieval 13 Crystal , Saltram. Folly Post Medieval Post Medieval 14 Culvert, Saltram. Culvert Post Medieval Post Medieval 15 Dovecote At Hardwick Farm, Drunken Farm,Dovecote Post Medieval, Medieval to Post Bridge Hill Medieval 16 Dressed Plymouth marble trough, Trough Uncertain Saltram. 17 Drive to the quay, Saltram. Drive Post Medieval Post Medieval 18 Early Boundary, Saltram. Boundary Post Medieval Post Medieval 19 Earthwork, Saltram. Earthwork Post Medieval Post Medieval Earthworks to quarry and clump, Earthwork Post Medieval Post Medieval 20 Saltram. 21 Earthworks, Saltram. Earthwork Post Medieval Post Medieval 22 Earthworks, Saltram. Earthwork Uncertain Fannys Bower Extant Building,Garden 1767 - 1799,Post Post Medieval 24 Temple,Summerhouse Medieval 23 Fanny's Bower, Saltram. Folly Post Medieval Post Medieval 25 Formal path in Saltram Wood, Saltram. Path Post Medieval Post Medieval Former gardens on West , , Flower Bed Post Medieval Post Medieval 26 Saltram. 27 Garden doorway, Saltram. Gate Post Medieval Post Medieval 28 Garden sculptures, Saltram. Sculpture Post Medieval Post Medieval 29 Garden seat, Saltram. Garden Seat Post Medieval Post Medieval 30 Garden wall, Saltram. Garden Wall Post Medieval Post Medieval 31 Gate Piers, Saltram. Gate Pier Post Medieval Post Medieval 32 Gates to slope path, Saltram. Gate Post Medieval Post Medieval 33 Gateway and Walled Garden, Saltram. Gate Post Medieval Post Medieval 34 Granite trough, Saltram. Trough Uncertain 37 Ha Ha, Saltram. Ha Ha Modern Modern 38 Hardwicke Lodge, Saltram. Lodge Post Medieval Post Medieval 39 Herbaceous border, Saltram. Herbaceous Border Modern Modern 40 Holm oak hedge, Saltram. Hedge Post Medieval Post Medieval 41 Holm oaks, Saltram. Hedge Post Medieval Post Medieval 42 Iron railings and gate, Saltram. Railings Modern Modern 43 Iron railings, Saltram. Railings Post Medieval Post Medieval 44 Iron railings, Saltram. Railings Post Medieval Post Medieval 45 Iron railings, Saltram. Railings Post Medieval Post Medieval 48 Land drain breached, Saltram. Drain Uncertain 49 Land drain, Saltram. Drain Uncertain 18

50 Lawn earthwork, Saltram. Earthwork Post Medieval Post Medieval 51 Layered Yew, Saltram. Hedge Post Medieval Post Medieval Lime tree with stone protection, Stone Modern Modern 52 Saltram. 53 Lime Walk, Saltram. Lime Walk Post Medieval Post Medieval 55 Merafield drive, Saltram. Drive Modern Modern 58 Mounting for gas tank, Saltram Modern 59 No title Dovecote,Extant Building 1500 - Medieval to Post 1599,MEDIEVAL,1500 - Medieval 1600,POST MEDIEVAL 60 No title Cross,Structure 1066 - 1540,MEDIEVAL Medieval 61 No title Extant Building,Orangery 1775,POST MEDIEVAL Post Medieval 62 No title Cross MEDIEVAL Medieval 63 No title Extant Building,Stable 1700 - 1799,POST Post Medieval MEDIEVAL 64 No title Barn,Chapel,Extant Building POST Post Medieval MEDIEVAL,1770,1770 - 1790 65 No title Beacon MEDIEVAL Medieval 66 Oak posts and granite roller, Saltram. Uncertain 67 Oak straining post, Saltram. Gate Pier Uncertain 68 Oak straining post, Saltram. Tethering Post Post Medieval Post Medieval 69 Old Merafield Road, Saltram. Road Post Medieval Post Medieval 71 Orange Grove and Fountain, Saltram. Fountain Post Medieval Post Medieval 72 Outbuildings, Saltram House Outbuilding Post Medieval Post Medieval 73 Overbridge, Saltram. Bridge Modern Modern 74 Parkland railing foot, Saltram. Railings Post Medieval Post Medieval 76 Pine Walk, Saltram. Walk Post Medieval Post Medieval 77 Plane tree on mound, Saltram. Mound Modern Modern 78 Point Cottage, Saltram. Boat House Post Medieval Post Medieval 79 Pollard oaks, Saltram. Wood Post Medieval Post Medieval 80 Pond with dam, Saltram. Pond Post Medieval Post Medieval 81 Pond, Saltram. Pond Post Medieval Post Medieval 83 Possible relict leat, Saltram. Leat Uncertain 86 Quarry, Saltram. Quarry Post Medieval Post Medieval 89 Relict of sycamore hedgebank, Saltram. Hedge Post Medieval Post Medieval Relict stump of sycamore hedge, Hedge Post Medieval Post Medieval 90 Saltram. 91 Retaining wall to the Laira, Saltram. Wall Post Medieval Post Medieval 92 Rockery/fernery, Saltram. Rockery Post Medieval Post Medieval 93 Rubbing post, Saltram. Rubbing Stone Uncertain 94 Saltram House Country House Post Medieval Post Medieval Saltram House Extant Building,House 1500 - Medieval to Post 1699,MEDIEVAL,1733 - Medieval 95 1799,POST MEDIEVAL 97 Saltram House, Plympton Stable Post Medieval Post Medieval Saltram Park Botanical Feature,Earthwork,Formal MODERN,1733 - Post Medieval to Garden,Garden,Ha Ha,Landscape 1766,POST Modern Park,Pleasance MEDIEVAL,1760 - 1780,1790 - 1799,1806 - 1807,1884,1956 - 98 1957,1963 99 Saltram Quay, Saltram. Quay Post Medieval Post Medieval 100 Shrubbery Walk, Saltram. Walk Post Medieval Post Medieval 101 Site of clump, Saltram. Uncertain 19

102 Site of Cot Lodge road, Saltram. Road Post Medieval Post Medieval 103 Site of Crabtree Ford, Saltram. Ford Post Medieval Post Medieval 104 Site of duck shooting hide, Saltram. Hide Post Medieval Post Medieval Site of Hardwicke Arch and drive, Arch Post Medieval Post Medieval 105 Saltram. Site of Ice House, north of Saltram Modern 106 House Site of pre1840 Merafield drive., Drive Post Medieval to Post Medieval to 107 Saltram. Modern Modern 108 Spring/dripping well, Saltram. Well Post Medieval Post Medieval Stag Lodge drive, Saltram. Drive Post Medieval to Post Medieval to 110 Modern Modern 111 Stag Lodges, Saltram. Lodge Post Medieval Post Medieval Steps cut through stone and other Steps 112 modern building rubble, Saltram. Modern 115 Stone faced bank, Saltram. Bank (Earthwork) Post Medieval Post Medieval 116 Stone faced bank, Saltram. Bank (Earthwork) Post Medieval Post Medieval 117 Stone faced bank, Saltram. Bank (Earthwork) Post Medieval Post Medieval 118 Stone field drain catchpit, Saltram. Drain Post Medieval Post Medieval Stone land drain culvert opened, Drain 119 Saltram. Modern Modern 120 Stone ring, Saltram. Bank (Earthwork) Modern Modern 121 Stone rings, Saltram. Boundary Bank Modern Modern 122 Stone wall to sawpit in quarry, Saltram. Saw Pit Post Medieval Post Medieval 113 Stone-faced bank to plantation, Saltram. Hedge Post Medieval Post Medieval 114 Stone-faced bank to plantation, Saltram. Hedge Post Medieval Post Medieval 123 Telegraph Cottage Shutter Telegraph Station 1804,POST MEDIEVAL Post Medieval Amphitheatre,Earthwork,Garden 124 The Amphitheatre Feature,,Ruined Building 1755,POST MEDIEVAL Post Medieval 125 The Castle Extant Building,Garden House 1772,POST MEDIEVAL Post Medieval 126 The Castle, (Garden house), Saltram. Folly Post Medieval Post Medieval 127 The Chapel, Saltram House Chapel Post Medieval Post Medieval 128 The Dell, Saltram. Uncertain 129 The Orangery, Saltram. Orangery Post Medieval Post Medieval 130 The Sables, Saltram House Stable Post Medieval Post Medieval 131 Tory brook outfall, Saltram. Waterfall Post Medieval Post Medieval 132 Wellhead, Saltram. Well Uncertain

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