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3-2015 Cuban Treefrogs, septentrionalis (Duméril & Bibron 1841) (Anura: ), and other nonindigenous herpetofauna interdicted in Grenada, Lesser Antilles. Louis A. Somma State Collection of Arthropods, [email protected]

Paul R. Graham Grenada Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry and Fisheries, [email protected]

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Somma, Louis A. and Graham, Paul R., "Cuban Treefrogs, Osteopilus septentrionalis (Duméril & Bibron 1841) (Anura: Hylidae), and other nonindigenous herpetofauna interdicted in Grenada, Lesser Antilles." (2015). Papers in Herpetology. 10. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciherpetology/10

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Herpetology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & IRCF REPTILES • VOL15, &NO AMPHIBIANS 4 • DEC 2008 189 • 22(1):40–42 • MAR 2015

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCED SPECIES FEATURE ARTICLES . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 Cuban. The Shared Treefrogs, History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis ) Osteopilusand Humans on Grenada: septentrionalis A Hypothetical Excursion ...... Robert W. Henderson 198

(DumérilRESEARCH ARTICLES& Bibron 1841) (Anura: Hylidae), . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ...... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 and. The other Knight Anole (Anolis equestrisNonindigenous) in Florida Herpetofauna ...... Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 InterdictedCONSERVATION ALERT in Grenada, Lesser Antilles . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 220 . More Than Mammals ...... Louis A. Somma1 and Paul R. Graham2 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ...... 225 1Division of Herpetology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA ([email protected]) 2Ministry of Agriculture,HUSBANDRY Lands, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministerial Complex, St. George’s, Grenada ([email protected], [email protected]) . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ...... Shannon Plummer 226

PROFILE he number of . introducedKraig Adler: A Lifetime nonindigenous Promoting Herpetology species ...... of horticulture. In both instances Michael L. Treglia the 234plants originated from Tamphibians andCOMMENTARY reptiles within the greater Caribbean, a horticultural business in Miami, Miami-Dade County, including Grenada, .isThe escalating Turtles Have Been and Watching has Mebecome ...... an ever- Florida, USA, and were destined Eric Gangloff for 238 a resort complex under increasing critical conservation concern (Daudin and de Silva construction on Grenada Island. These are the first inter- BOOK REVIEW 2011; Powell et al. 2011;. Threatened Powell Amphibians and Henderson of the World edited 2012). by S.N. Stuart,The M. Hoffmann,dicted O.J.S. Chanson,septentrionalis N.A. Cox, vouchered from Grenada, but do not amount of development,R. Berridge, tourism, P. Ramani, and and consequentB.E. Young ...... import represent an established population. Robert Powell 243 commerce is increasing, requiring careful regulation of the Both the Woodslave, Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau pet trade and fauna introducedCONSERVATION for RESEARCH biological REPORTS: control Summariesas well of Publishedde JonnèsConservation 1818), Research Reports and ...... Brown Anole, 245 Anolis sagrei Duméril  NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ...... 247 as diligence in cargo inspection.NEWBRIEFS ...... Herein we document the first and Bibron 1837, are established on 248 Grenada. Hemidactylus records of nonindigenous EDITORIAL Cuban INFORMATION Treefrogs, ...... Osteopilus septen- 251  FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ...... 252 trionalis (Duméril and Bibron 1841), interdicted from cargo, along with recent interceptions of two species of nonindigenous lizards already established on Grenada in the Lesser Antilles. Osteopilus septentrionalis is indigenousFront Cover. to Shannon Plummer. and por- Back Cover. Michael Kern tions of , with nonindigenousTotat et velleseque audantpopulations mo Totat et velleseque audant mo established in Florida, USA, Costaestibus Rica, inveliquo and velique a number rerchil of estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus islands throughout the Caribbeanaut (Meshaka dolor apicto invere 2001, pe dolum 2011; aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum Kraus 2009; Rödder and Weinsheimerfugiatis maionsequat2009; Krysko eumque et al. fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- 2011a, 2011b; Powell et al. 2011;ma Powell derrovitae andvoluptam, Henderson as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as 2012; Somma 2012; Rivalta Gonzálezaccullabo. 2014). This highly invasive and potentially ecologically injurious hylid is estab- lished on several islands in the Lesser Antilles. Within the Grenada Bank, it is known only on Mustique (Kraus 2009; Powell et al. 2011; Henderson and Breuil 2012; Somma 2012; Yokoyama 2012). On 9 November 2013, an adult O. septentrionalis (UF-Herpetology 174214) was collected from ornamental horticultural cargo by PRG at the main shipping port in Saint George’s Harbour, Grenada Island, Grenada (12.047808°N, 61.748347°W, datum WGS84). Kenneth L. Krysko confirmed the identity of this specimen and those described below. On 9 December 2013, a second adult O. Fig. 1. Cuban Treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis (UF-Herpetology septentrionalis (UF-Herpetology 174216; Fig. 1) was collected 174216), collected on 9 December 2013 at a shipping port in Saint by Stephen Cox at the same locality from similar imported George’s Harbour, Grenada Island, Grenada. Photograph by Stephen Cox.

Copyright © 2015. Louis A. Somma. All rights reserved. 40 INTRODUCED SPECIES IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 22(1):40–42 • MAR 2015 mabouia is indigenous to Africa south of the Sahara, with of the vouchers and gathering data on these specimens. We invasive nonindigenous populations established throughout are grateful to Kenneth L. Krysko (Herpetology Collection much of Central and South America, Mexico, Cape Verde, Manager, FLMNH) for verifying and curating our vouchered extralimital regions of southern Africa, perhaps Madagascar, specimens, and helpfully reviewing our manuscript. Luciano much of Florida, USA, and numerous localities throughout A. dos Anjos, Robert Powell, and Alice Sanders (Division of the Caribbean (Powell et al. 1998, 2011; Rivas Fuenmayer et Plant Industry, Library Technician [Retired]) provided cru- al. 2005; Carranza and Arnold 2006; Alexander and Marais cial literature. We are indebted to William L. Grogan, Jr. for 2007; Anjos and da Rocha 2008; Baldo et al. 2008; Rödder proofing and improving our manuscript. et al. 2008; Kraus 2009; Daudin and de Silva 2011; Krysko et al. 2011a, 2011b; Meshaka 2011; Rocha et al. 2011; Powell Literature Cited and Henderson 2012; Yokoyama 2012), including Grenada Alexander, G. and J. Marais. 2007. A Guide to the Reptiles of Southern Africa. Struik (Germano et al. 2003; Henderson and Berg 2011; Henderson Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa. Anjos, L.A. dos and C.F.D. da Rocha. 2008. A lagartixa Hemidactylus mabouia and Breuil 2012). Additionally, a H. mabouia was interdicted in Moreau de Jonnes, 1818 (Gekkonidae): Uma espécie exótica e invasora amp- Maryland, USA, from a moving truck transporting household lamente estabelecida no Brasil. Natureza & Conservação (Curitiba) 6:78–89. goods and furniture originating in Florida (Somma et al. 2013). Baldo, D., C. Borteiro, F. Brusquetti, J.E. Garcia, and C. Prigioni. 2008. Reptilia, Gekkonidae, Hemidactylus mabouia, Tarentola mauritanica: Distribution Anolis sagrei is a highly invasive dactyloid indigenous extension and anthropogenic dispersal. Check List 4:434–438. to Cuba, The Bahamas, and perhaps Little Cayman, that Carranza, S. and E.N. Arnold. 2006. Systematics, biogeography, and evolution of has numerous nonindigenous populations throughout the Hemidactylus geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) elucidated using mitochondrial southern continental United States, Hawaii, Mexico, Belize, DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38:531–545. Daudin, J. and M. de Silva. 2011. An annotated checklist of the amphibians and Taiwan, and portions of the Caribbean (Kolbe et al. 2008; terrestrial reptiles of the Grenadines with notes on their local natural his- Kraus 2009; Meshaka 2011; Powell et al. 2011; Powell and tory and conservation, pp. 259–271. In: A. Hailey, B.S. Wilson, and J.A. Horrocks (eds.), Conservation of Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas. Volume Henderson 2012; Yokoyama 2012), including Grenada 2: Regional Accounts of the West Indies. Koninkijke Brill NV, Leiden, The (Greene et al. 2002; Henderson and Berg 2011; Henderson Netherlands. and Breuil 2012). Germano, J.M., J.M. Sander, R.W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2003. Herpetofaunal On 19 November 2013, one adult male (UF-Herpetology communities in Grenada: A comparison of altered sites, with an annotated checklist of Grenadian amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Journal of Science 174220) and three subadult A. sagrei (UF-Herpetology 39:68–76. 174218, 174221–222), in addition to one juvenile H. Greene, B.T., D.T. Yorks, J.S. Parmerlee, Jr., R. Powell, and R.W. Henderson. mabouia (UF-Herpetology 174219) were collected by Stephen 2002. Discovery of Anolis sagrei in Grenada with comments on its potential impact on native anoles. Caribbean Journal of Science 38:270–272. Cox from cargo shipments of ornamental horticulture at the Henderson, R.W. and C.S. Berg. 2011. The herpetofauna of Grenada and the same locality as the aforementioned O. septentrionalis vouch- Grenada Grenadines: Conservation concerns, pp. 239–258. In: A. Hailey, ers. These plants originated from the same plant nursery in B.S. Wilson, and J.A. Horrocks (eds.), Conservation of Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas. Volume 2: Regional Accounts of the West Indies. Koninkijke Brill Miami, Florida, and were destined for the same resort com- NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. plex as those harboring the Cuban Treefrogs. Although both Henderson, R.W. and M. Breuil. 2012. Lesser Antilles, pp. 148–159. In: R. Powell H. mabouia and A. sagrei are already established on Grenada, and R.W. Henderson (eds.), Island lists of West Indian amphibians and rep- tiles. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 51:86–166. the transportation of additional propagules on shipping Kolbe, J.J., A. Larson, J.B. Losos, and K. de Queiroz. 2008. Admixture determines imports is a cause for concern as they may provide genetic genetic diversity and population differentiation in the biological invasion of a admixture to populations already established on Grenada. lizard species. Biology Letters 4:434–437. This enhanced genotypic diversity may in turn enhance the Kraus, F. 2009. Alien Reptiles and Amphibians: A Scientific Compendium and Analysis. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. adaptability of these invasive lizards (Kolbe et al. 2008). Krysko, K.L., J.P. Burgess, M.R. Rochford, C.R. Gillette, D. Cueva, K.M. Enge, Nonindigenous herpetofaunal introductions through L.A. Somma, J.L. Stabile, D.C. Smith, J.A. Wasilewski, G.N. Kieckhefer cargo stowaways have become increasingly important in the III, M.C. Granatosky, and S.V. Nielsen. 2011a. Verified non-indigenous amphibians and reptiles in Florida from 1863 through 2010: Outlining greater Caribbean in recent years (Kraus 2009; Powell et al. the invasion process and identifying invasion pathways and status. Zootaxa 2011; Powell and Henderson 2012). The interceptions we 3028:1–64 + MorphoBank Project No. p536 (http://www.morphobank.org/ permalink/?P536). describe highlight the need for increased inspector vigilance Krysko, K.L., K.M. Enge, and P.E. Moler. 2011b. Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles to prevent increased genotypic diversity and adaptability in in Florida. Final Report, Project Agreement 08013, Florida Fish and Wildlife already established nonindigenous herpetofauna, or to pre- Conservation Commission, Tallahassee. vent new introductions of other invasive, nonindigenous Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 2001. The Cuban Tree in Florida: Life History of a Successful Colonizing Species. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. species. This need is crucial in the age of mobility, increased Meshaka, W.E., Jr. 2011. A runaway train in the making: The exotic amphibians, tourism, rapid development, and trade liberalization. reptiles, turtles, and crocodilians of Florida. Herpetological Conservation and Biology Monograph (1) 6:1–101. Acknowledgments Powell, R. and R.W. Henderson (eds.). 2012. Island lists of West Indian amphib- ians and reptiles. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 51:85–166. We sincerely thank Stephen Cox (Plant Quarantine Officer, Powell, R., R.I. Crombie, and H.E.A. Boos. 1998. Hemidactylus mabouia. Catalogue Grenada Customs and Excise Division) for collecting some of American Amphibians and Reptiles 674:1–11. 41 INTRODUCED SPECIES IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 22(1):40–42 • MAR 2015

Powell, R., R.W. Henderson, M.C. Farmer, M. Breuil, A.C. Echternacht, G. van Rödder, D., M. Solé, and W. Böhme. 2008. Predicting the potential distribu- Buurt, C.M. Romagosa, and G. Perry. 2011. Introduced amphibians and tions of two alien invasive Housegeckos (Gekkonidae: Hemidactylus frenatus, reptiles in the greater Caribbean: Patterns and conservation concerns, pp. Hemidactylus mabouia). North-Western Journal of Zoology (Oradea) 4:236– 63–143. In: A. Hailey, B.S. Wilson, and J.A. Horrocks (eds.), Conservation of 246. Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas. Volume 1: Conservation Biology and the Wider Rödder, D. and F. Weinsheimer. 2009. Will future anthropogenic climate change Caribbean. Koninkijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. increase the distribution of the invasive Cuban Treefrog (Anura: Hylidae)? Rivalta González, V., L. Rodríguez Schettino, C.A. Mancina, and M. Iturriaga. Journal of Natural History 43:1207–1217. 2014. Amphibians of Cuba: Checklist and geographical distributions. Somma, L.A. 2012. Osteopilus septentrionalis (Duméril and Bibron, 1841). In: P. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 145:1–48. Fuller (ed.), Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Rivas Fuenmayor, G., G.N. Ugueto, A.M. Bauer, T. Barros, and J. Manzanilla. Ecological Science Center, Gainesville, Florida (http://nas.er.usgs.gov/que- 2005. Expansion and natural history of a successful colonizing gecko in ries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=57). Venezuela (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Hemidactylus mabouia) and the discovery of Somma, L.A., K.L. Krysko, and W.L. Grogan, Jr. 2013. First state record and inter- H. frenatus in Venezuela. Herpetological Review 36:121–125. diction for the Wood Slave, Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès 1818) Rocha, C.F.D. [da], L.A. [dos] Anjos, and H.G. Bergallo. 2011. Conquering Brazil: (Gekkonidae), in Maryland, USA. Reptiles & Amphibians 20:208–209. The invasion by the exotic gekkonid lizard Hemidactylus mabouia (Squamata) Yokoyama, M. 2012. Reptiles and amphibians introduced on St. Martin, Lesser in Brazilian natural environments. Zoologia (Curitiba) 28:747–754. Antilles. Reptiles & Amphibians 19:271–279.

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