Climate Statement 2018: Designing Buildings and Communities for Iowa’s Future Climate Climate change is already here, and it is affecting people, plants, animals, and large sectors of our economy. U.S. climate scientists project that by mid-century heat wave temperatures in Iowa will increase by 7 oF for the average year and by 13 oF once per decade compared to late 20th century heat waves. The strongest rainfall events of the year (annual maximum daily widespread precipitation) covering areas as large as a third of Iowa are projected to double in intensity (daily total rainfall) by mid-century, with most of this change coming before 2025. We must start now to adapt our built environment, including buildings and flood mitigation systems, to this changing climate.

Buildings in Iowa must withstand a hotter, more humid climate, with more frequent and extreme storms and dry spells. Strategies for home and business owners for designing, building, retrofitting, and re-envisioning our communities in the face of a changing climate are now necessary and available.

Buildings obviously protect occupants from rain, yet with increasing precipitation, more than just a sturdy roof is required. Water may also enter a building from the foundation or walls. In particular, heavier rain events and higher water tables affect foundations, and standards going forward must reflect that. Building enclosures can be designed to withstand heavier driving rain by integrating rain screens, larger gutters and downspouts, and steeper roof slopes. Green roofs (roofs fully or partially covered with vegetation) could provide greater runoff retention and insulation. Climate-aware businesses are adapting their buildings through available tools and services such as the B-READY resilience index. The Green Building Council recently issued a report recommending adaptation strategies for buildings based on climate regions. Strategies include greater insulation of buildings and more controlled ventilation. In Iowa, well-placed, better sized, dynamically shaded windows in buildings oriented south maximize solar gain in winter and minimize it in summer when the sun is more directly overhead. Dark surfaces can become 40 oF hotter than white surfaces or reflective, cool roofs. The temperature difference between outside and inside determines cooling loads, and cool roof systems will reduce energy costs significantly.

Effective strategies to reduce air conditioning (AC) loads include planting shade trees and weatherizing buildings now to control enhanced energy costs under the effects of climate change. The largest portion of AC load for buildings in the Midwest is attributed to humidity, as it takes far more energy to condense moisture from the air than to simply cool it. Iowa communities would benefit from adopting localized plans that invest in smart runoff management to reduce the effects of flooding by infiltrating the rain where it falls and slowing the runoff from infrastructure. Green infrastructure (bioswales, rain gardens, urban forestry and permeable pavements) can also have a positive impact on flood reduction. Ultimately, reducing carbon emissions remains the best long-term strategy to mitigate additional climate change damage, but adaptation now is necessary in today’s changed climate. Changing our built environment to be more sustainable and resilient can help reduce future climate change while protecting us from the changes that have already occurred. Signed by ‐ Ulrike Passe Jerald Schnoor Gene Takle, Associate Professor of Architecture Co-Director Emeritus Professor of Agronomy Director, Center for Building Energy Center for Global and Regional Research Environmental Research Iowa State University Peter S. Thorne Professor and Head David Courard-Hauri David Osterberg Occupational & Environmental Health, Professor of Environmental Science Professor Emeritus Director, Environmental Health Sciences and Sustainability College of Public Health Research Center, College of Public Health, University of Iowa University of Iowa

October 2018 Iowa Climate Statement 2018: Designing Buildings and Communities for Iowa’s Future Climate Matt Abbott Jennifer Barr Amy Blair Biology Professor Scientific Editor and Writing Consultant Associate Professor and Chair Des Moines Area Community College College of Medicine Department of Biology University of Iowa Saint Ambrose University Mahdi Al-Kaisi Professor Paul E. Bartelt Robert Blount Soil Management and Environment Professor and Chair Assistant Professor Iowa State University Department of Biology Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Lee-Ann H. Allen Medicine Professor Philip W. Becraft University of Iowa Inflammation Program Professor and Associate Chair Department of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Development & Cell Biology Brian Bristow Department of Microbiology and Department Biology Professor Immunology Iowa State University Iowa Lakes Community College University of Iowa Russ Benedict E. Dale Broder Jonathan Andelson Professor of Biology Assistant Professor Professor of Anthropology Department of Biology Biology Department of Anthropology Director of Prairies for Agriculture Project Saint Ambrose University Director, Center for Prairie Studies Garry R. Buettner David Bennett Professor Craig A. Anderson Professor and Chair Free Radical and Radiation Biology Distinguished Professor Department of Geographical and Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Psychology Sustainability Sciences College of Medicine Iowa State University The University of Iowa University of Iowa

Marc P. Armstrong Peter Berendzen Aaron Bunker Professor and Collegiate Fellow Associate Professor Associate Professor Geographical and Sustainability Sciences Department of Biology Biology-Chemistry Department University of Iowa University of Northern Iowa Morningside College

Mark Aronson Bryson Bergerud Beth E. Caissie Department of Biology Biology and Microbiology Instructor Assistant Professor Science Department Department of Geological and Iowa Central Community College Atmospheric Sciences

Rajeev Arora Iowa State University E. Arthur Bettis III Professor Professor Emeritus Horticulture David G. Campbell Department of Earth and Iowa State University Henry R. Luce Professor in Nations & the Environmental Sciences Global Environment, Professor of Biology Benjamin S. Avner University of Iowa Department of Biology Fellow Physician Grinnell College Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Ryan Bezy

Medicine Associate Professor of Biology Greg Carmichael University of Iowa Dept. of Natural & Applied Sciences Co-Director Center for Global and Regional Vladimir P. Badovinac Environmental Research Associate Professor Diane Birt Departments of Pathology and Distinguished Professor University of Iowa Microbiology & Immunology Food Science and Human Nutrition Carver College of Medicine College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Ryan Carnahan University of Iowa and College of Human Sciences Associate Professor Iowa State University Department of Epidemiology Mark Baechtel College of Public Health Lecturer and Director of Forensic Gail A. Bishop University of Iowa Activities, Editor, Rootstalk: A Prairie Professor of Microbiology & Internal Journal of Culture, Science and the Arts Medicine, Holden Chair of Cancer Biology Silvia Cianzio Grinnell College Director, Center for Immunology & Professor Immune-Based Diseases, Roy J. and Department of Agronomy Richard G. Baker Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine Iowa State University Professor Emeritus University of Iowa Department of Earth and Environmental Russell Ciochon Sciences Andrea Bixler Professor University of Iowa Professor Department of Anthropology Department of Biology University of Iowa Clarke University

Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2018 2 Iowa Climate Statement 2018: Designing Buildings and Communities for Iowa’s Future Climate Ronald J. Cisar Robert L. De Haan Lonnie Gamble Assistant Professor Emeritus of Professor Associate Professor Biological Sciences Biology and Environmental Studies Sustainable Living Department Iowa Western Community College Departments Maharishi University of Management Dordt College John D. Colgan Chad V. Gatlin Associate Professor Rhawn F. Denniston Professor of Biology Kelting Family Scholar in Rheumatology William Harmon Norton Indian Hills Community College Department of Internal Medicine Professor of Geology University of Iowa Department of Geology Brian K. Gehlbach Clinical Professor of Medicine Elizabeth Collins Clinical Professor of Neurology Science Instructor Martine Dunnwald Associate Program Director for Fellowship Science Department Assistant Research Professor Programs Iowa Central Community College Anatomy and Cell Biology Department of Internal Medicine The University of Iowa University of Iowa John Collins Assistant Professor Lakshmi Durairaj Eric Giddens Sustainable Living Department Associate Professor Energy Program Manager Maharishi University of Management Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Center for Energy and Environmental Occupational Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille Education Alejandro P. Comellas A. Carver College of Medicine University of Northern Iowa

Director, ICTS Clinical Research Unit, University of Iowa Associate Professor of Medicine Charles E. Glatz Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Julie Ehresmann Professor Emeritus Occupational Medicine Associate Professor Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Iowa Science Department Iowa State University Iowa Central Community College Charles Connerly Bill Gutowski Professor and Director Kamyar Enshayan Professor of Meteorology School of Urban and Regional Planning Director Department of Geological and Founder, Iowa Initiative for Sustainable Center for Energy & Environmental Atmospheric Sciences Communities Education Iowa State University University of Iowa University of Northern Iowa Prajwal Gurung James L. Cornette R. William Field Assistant Professor Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Professor Inflammation Program, Infectious Iowa State University Occupational & Environmental Health, Diseases Department of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine Mary Kathryn Cowles College of Public Health University of Iowa Professor University of Iowa Department of Statistics and Actuarial Steven Hall Science Brittany Flokstra Assistant Professor University of Iowa Instructor Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Department of Chemistry and Organismal Biology Richard Cruse Biochemistry Iowa State University

Professor University of Northern Iowa Thomas C. Harrington Department of Agronomy Professor Iowa State University Andrew A. Forbes Department of Plant Pathology and Associate Professor Microbiology Dennis Dahms Department of Biology Director, UI Environmental Sciences Iowa State University Professor Program Quaternary Geochronology & Emily Heaton University of Iowa Stratigraphy, Department of Geography Associate Professor University of Northern Iowa Laurence Fuortes Biomass Crop Production Department of Agronomy Professor Radford Davis Iowa State University Associate Professor of Public Health Occupational and Environmental Health,

Dept. Veterinary Microbiology and College of Public Health Ted Heindel Preventive Medicine University of Iowa Bergles Professor of Thermal Science College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Laurie Furlong Iowa State University Professor

John Dawson Biology Department John R. Helms Professor Northwestern College Assistant Professor of Chemistry Mathematics, Earth and Biology and Chemistry Department Environmental Sciences Morningside College Kirkwood Community College

Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2018 3 Iowa Climate Statement 2018: Designing Buildings and Communities for Iowa’s Future Climate Steve Hendrix Andrew Kitchen Marc Linderman Professor Emeritus Associate Professor Associate Professor Department of Biology Department of Anthropology Department of Geographical and University of Iowa University of Iowa Sustainability Sciences University of Iowa Brian Hornbuckle Erwin Klaas Professor Professor Emeritus of Animal Ecology Gabriele Ludewig Department of Agronomy Natural Resources Ecology Management Professor, Department of Occupational & Iowa State University Iowa State University Environmental Health, DGS, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Keri C. Hornbuckle Robert R. Klepper Human Toxicology Professor, Department of Civil & Professor of Chemistry University of Iowa

Environmental Engineering Iowa Lakes Community College Charles F. Lynch Director, Iowa Superfund Research Professor Program, College of Engineering Julia Klesney-Tait Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa Associate Professor of Medicine College of Public Health Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Mohammad Iqbal Carver College of Medicine

Professor University of Iowa J. Elizabeth Maas Department of Earth and Environmental Assistant Professor Sciences Joel N Kline Professor Kirkwood Community College University of Northern Iowa Department of Medicine, Roy J. and

Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Mark T. Madsen Erin Irish University of Iowa Professor Emeritus Associate Professor of Biology Department of Radiology University of Iowa Owen Kolstad University of Iowa

Senior Lecturer Laura L. Jackson Mechanical Engineering Department Amy Madsen-Smith Director, Tallgrass Prairie Center Iowa State University Biology Department Professor of Biology Clinton Community College Department of Biology Witold Krajewski University of Northern Iowa Director, Iowa Flood Center, Sunil Malapati Rose & Joseph Summers Chair in Water Professor of Biochemistry Samuel W. James Resources Engineering Clarke University Chair, Sustainable Living Department University of Iowa Maharishi University of Management Ashutosh K. Mangalam Dennis Lavrov Assistant Professor Brandi Janssen Associate Professor Department of Pathology Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Ecology, Evolution, and University of Iowa Director, Iowa’s Center for Agricultural Organismal Biology Safety and Health Iowa State University Matthew D. Martin College of Public Health Postdoctoral Research Scholar University of Iowa Hans-Joachim Lehmler Department of Pathology Professor University of Iowa Chris Jones Occupational and Environmental Health Research Engineer University of Iowa Sara E. Mason IIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering Associate Professor University of Iowa Peter Levi Department of Chemistry Assistant Professor University of Iowa Craig Just Department of Environmental Science Associate Professor and Sustainability Dave May Department of Civil & Environmental Drake University Professor Engineering Department of Geography University of Iowa Louis Licht University of Northern Iowa Adjunct Associate Professor Meena Khandelwal Department of Civil & Environmental Paul Mayes Associate Professor Engineering Professor of Biology Emeritus Departments of Anthropology and GWSS University of Iowa Eastern Iowa Community College University of Iowa Matt Liebman John Mayfield Frederick Kirschenmann Professor of Agronomy Professor Emeritus Distinguished Fellow H.A. Wallace Endowed Chair for Department of Genetics, Development Department of Philosophy and Religious Sustainable Agriculture and Cell Biology Studies Iowa State University Iowa State University Iowa State University

Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2018 4 Iowa Climate Statement 2018: Designing Buildings and Communities for Iowa’s Future Climate Katherine McCarville Ajay Nair Liz Queathem Professor of Geosciences Associate Professor and Vegetable Senior Lecturer in Biology Delano Professor of Science Extension Specialist Department of Biology Department of Horticulture Grinnell College Iowa State University Paul B. McCray James W. Raich Professor and Executive Vice Chair William M. Nauseef Professor Department Pediatrics Director, Inflammation Program Department of Ecology, Evolution and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Organismal Biology Carver College of Medicine Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa State University University of Iowa University of Iowa Mark Rasmussen David McCullough Ted Neal Director, Leopold Center for Sustainable Professor of Biology, Co-coordinator Clinical Associate Professor of Science Agriculture Environmental Science and Studies Education, Department of Teaching and Iowa State University Learning, College of Education University of Iowa Ryan Rehmeier

Julie Meachen Professor Assistant Professor Marit Nilsen-Hamilton Department of Biology and Professor, Roy J. Carver Department of Anatomy Department Environmental Science Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology

Iowa State University Paulina Mena Michael J. Renner

Associate Professor of Biology Professor of Biology and Psychology Fred Ochs Central College Chair, Environmental Science and Professor of Chemistry and Earth Science Sustainability Department Kirkwood Community College James Merchant Drake University Professor Emeritus Resmiye Oral Occupational and Environmental Health, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Larry Robertson College of Public Health Director, Child Protection Program Professor University of Iowa University of Iowa Children's Hospital Department of Occupational and

Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Environmental Health Laura C. Merrick Medicine College of Public Health Lecturer University of Iowa University of Iowa Department of Agronomy

Iowa State University Patrick T. O'Shaughnessy Jennifer G. Robinson

Professor Professor, Departments of Epidemiology James Michael Department of Occupational & & Medicine, Director, Prevention Assistant Professor Intervention Center Department of Mechanical Engineering Environmental Health University of Iowa College of Public Health Iowa State University University of Iowa

Dale W. Olson Fernando E. Miguez Chuck Rodrigues Professor Emeritus of Physics Associate Professor Chemistry and Biology Instructor Department of Physics Department of Agronomy Department of Biological Sciences University of Northern Iowa Iowa State University Iowa Western Community College

James L. Pease Kenneth J. Moore Nilda E. Rodriguez Charles F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor Associate Professor Emeritus Associate Professor of Biology and Pioneer Hi-Bred Professor Natural Resource Ecology and Department of Biology Department of Agronomy Management University of Northern Iowa Iowa State University Iowa State University

Diane Rohlman Marian Muste Reuben J. Peters Associate Professor Research Engineer and Adjunct Professor Professor Occupational & Environmental Health IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics College of Public Health University of Iowa & Molecular Biology University of Iowa Iowa State University

Connie Mutel Thomas Rosburg Senior Science Writer (retired) Christine Petersen Professor, Department of Biology IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering Associate Professor Department of Epidemiology Curator of the Drake University University of Iowa Herbarium College of Public Health University of Iowa Drake University Robert Mutel Professor of Astronomy Amber D. Ruskell-Lamer Department of Physics and Astronomy Jeffrey T. Ploegstra Professor, Biology University of Iowa Associate Professor of Biology and Department of Math and Sciences Environmental Studies Southeastern Community College Dordt College

Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2018 5 Iowa Climate Statement 2018: Designing Buildings and Communities for Iowa’s Future Climate Ann E. Russell William W. Simpkins Shankar Subramaniam Adjunct Associate Professor Professor of Hydrogeology Professor Department of Natural Resource Ecology Department of Geological and Department of Mechanical Engineering & Management Atmospheric Sciences Iowa State University Iowa State University Iowa State University Robert Summerfelt James C. Sacco Mindy Skarda Professor Emeritus Associate Professor Chair and Faculty Department of Natural Resource Ecology College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Health, Math and Science Department and Management Drake University Southwestern Community College Iowa State University

Melanie H. Sadeghpour Nancy Lee Slife Keith S. Summerville Program Chair Adjunct Biology Faculty Deputy Provost Environmental Science Math Science Department Levitt Distinguished Professor of Des Moines Area Community College Ellsworth Community College Environmental Science Drake University

Aliasger K. Salem Daryl Smith David A. Swenson Professor and Bighley Chair of Professor Emeritus of Biology Associate Scientist Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tallgrass Prairie Center Department of Economics Head, Division of Pharmaceutics and University of Northern Iowa Iowa State University Translational Therapeutics

College of Pharmacy Tex A. Sordahl Jessica Thistle University of Iowa Professor Emeritus of Biology Professor of Biology Department of Biology Des Moines Area Community College Paula J. Sanchini

Professor of Biology and Grant L. Thompson Environmental Science Scott Spak Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Department of Horticulture School of Urban & Regional Planning Iowa State University Molly Schiel University of Iowa

Science Instructor Alexei V. Tivanski Science Department Muhammad A. Spocter Associate Professor of Chemistry Northeast Iowa Community College Associate Professor of Anatomy Department of Chemistry Department of Anatomy University of Iowa Michelle Scherer Des Moines University

Donald E. Bently Professor of Engineering H. S. Udaykumar Associate Director, NSF Sustainable Martin St. Clair Professor Water Development Graduate Program Professor Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Iowa Department of Chemistry and University of Iowa Environmental Studies

Lisa Schulte Moore Coe College Richard L. Valentine Professor Professor Natural Resource Ecology & Management Charles Stanier Department of Civil and Environmental Associate Director, Bioeconomy Institute Professor of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Iowa State University Engineering University of Iowa College of Engineering

Timothy M. Sesterhenn University of Iowa Channon Visscher Assistant Professor of Biology Associate Professor of Chemistry Department of Biology and Chemistry Elizabeth A. Stone & Planetary Sciences Morningside College Associate Professor Dordt College Department of Chemistry

Paul M. Shand University of Iowa Kristina Walkup Professor and Head Professor of Biology Physics Department Monica R. Storm Des Moines Area Community College University of Northern Iowa Associate Professor

Anatomy & Physiology Emily O. Walsh Howard N. Shapiro Biological & Chemical Sciences Professor Professor Emeritus and Lecturer Department Geology Department Mechanical Engineering Iowa Western Community College Iowa State University Cornell College

Anupam Sharma Jim Stroh Michael H. Walter Associate Professor of Aerospace Professor, Biology and Chemistry Associate Professor Engineering Department. Biology Iowa State University Morningside College University of Northern Iowa

Laura Stunz Mack Shelley Associate Research Scientist Professor and Chair Department of Microbiology Department of Political Science University of Iowa. Iowa State University Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2018 6 Iowa Climate Statement 2018: Designing Buildings and Communities for Iowa’s Future Climate Alan D. Wanamaker Jr. Associate Professor Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences Iowa State University

Anna J. Waterman Associate Professor of Biology Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Mount Mercy University

Larry Weber Edwin B. Green Chair in Hydraulics Executive Associate Dean, College of Engineering University of Iowa

Paul Weihe Associate Professor Biology Department Central College

Ai Wen Adjunct Professor Biology University of Northern Iowa

Jerrold Weiss Professor Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology University of Iowa

Darrell Wiens Professor of Biology Department of Biology University of Northern Iowa

Brian J. Wilsey Professor Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Iowa State University

Sally L. Wilson Professor Biology Iowa Valley Community College

Lee Wymore Professor of Biology, Program Director Department of Science and Math Indian Hills Community College

Catherine Zeman Professor Environmental Health Division University of Northern Iowa

Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2018 7