Report Status: Final

Job No: P45800

Name Signature Date

Prepared By: Various 22/03/2010

Checked By: Eric Spronck 22/03/2010

Approved By: Demitrios Paraskevakis 22/03/2010

© Grontmij 2008 This document is a Grontmij confidential document; it may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise disclosed in whole or in part to any third party without our express prior written consent. It should be used by you and the permitted discloses for the purpose for which it has been submitted and for no other.

N2 to Northern Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1 Introduction ...... 1-1 1.1 Introduction ...... 1-1 1.2 Constraints Study and Scheme Progression ...... 1-1 1.3 Objectives...... 1-3 1.3.1 Economy ...... 1-3 1.3.2 Safety ...... 1-3 1.3.3 Environment...... 1-4 1.3.4 Accessibility and Social Inclusion ...... 1-4 1.3.5 Integration ...... 1-5 1.4 Study Area ...... 1-5 1.4.1 Identification of the Study Area...... 1-5 1.5 Mapping...... 1-5 1.6 Windscreen Surveys...... 1-6 1.7 Planning Constraints...... 1-6 1.8 Consultations ...... 1-6 1.9 Format of the Report...... 1-7

2 Need for the Scheme ...... 2-1 2.1 Introduction ...... 2-1 2.2 Background...... 2-1 2.2.1 Project History...... 2-1 2.2.2 The Existing N2...... 2-2 2.2.3 N2 / A5 Corridor Improvements ...... 2-3 2.3 Need ...... 2-3 2.3.1 Policies and Plans...... 2-3 2.3.2 The National Development Plan (NDP) 2007-2013...... 2-3 2.3.3 Transport 21...... 2-5 2.3.4 The National Spatial Strategy (NSS) 2002 - 2020...... 2-7 2.3.5 County Development Plan 2007 – 2013...... 2-8 2.3.6 Regional Development Plan ...... 2-9 2.4 Benefits...... 2-11 2.4.1 Improved Road Safety ...... 2-11 2.4.2 Reduced Travel Times and Traffic Congestion ...... 2-12 2.4.3 Improved links between and the ...... 2-12 2.4.4 Improved Access between Donegal, Monaghan and ...... 2-12

3 Public Consultation ...... 3-1 3.1 Introduction ...... 3-1 3.2 Consultation...... 3-1 3.2.1 Elected Members ...... 3-1 3.2.2 General Public ...... 3-1 3.2.3 Attendance...... 3-2 3.3 Conclusions ...... 3-3

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 Table of Contents

3.3.1 Initial Responses...... 3-3 3.3.2 Returned Questionnaires...... 3-3

4 Engineering ...... 4-1 4.1 Introduction ...... 4-1 4.2 Methodology ...... 4-1 4.3 Detailed Description...... 4-1 4.3.1 Topography...... 4-1 4.3.2 Rivers & Lakes...... 4-2 4.3.3 Arterial Drainage Scheme...... 4-2 4.3.4 Existing Road and Railway Network...... 4-3 4.3.5 Tie-in Constraints...... 4-4 4.3.6 Services ...... 4-5 4.4 Conclusion ...... 4-5

5 Traffic ...... 5-1 5.1 Introduction ...... 5-1 5.2 Methodology ...... 5-1 5.3 Detailed Description...... 5-1 5.3.1 Existing Traffic...... 5-1 5.3.2 Public Transport...... 5-1 5.3.3 Existing NRA Traffic Data ...... 5-2 5.3.4 Traffic Flows...... 5-4 5.4 Conclusion ...... 5-4

6 Ecology ...... 6-1 6.1 Introduction ...... 6-1 6.2 Flora, Habitats and Ornithology ...... 6-1 6.2.1 Methodology...... 6-2 6.2.2 Detailed Description...... 6-3 6.3 Mammal Survey...... 6-12 6.3.1 Introduction ...... 6-12 6.3.2 Methodology...... 6-14 6.3.3 Detailed Description...... 6-15 6.4 Conclusions ...... 6-17 6.4.1 Designated Conservation Areas ...... 6-17 6.4.2 Potential Ecological Sites...... 6-18

7 Geology and Hydrogeology ...... 7-1 7.1 Introduction ...... 7-1 7.2 Methodology and Sources of Information ...... 7-1 7.3 Detailed Description...... 7-1 7.3.1 Geomorphology ...... 7-1 7.3.2 Solid Geology...... 7-2 7.3.3 Dinantian Bedrock...... 7-2 7.3.4 Ordovician/Silurian Metasediments and Volcanics...... 7-3 7.3.5 Summary...... 7-3 7.3.6 Superficial Deposits ...... 7-3 7.3.7 Man Made Features...... 7-6 7.3.8 Hydrogeology...... 7-7 7.4 Conclusions ...... 7-10

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7.4.1 Inventory of Hydrogeological Constraints ...... 7-10 7.4.2 Overview of Constraints in the Area ...... 7-10

8 Hydrology and Drainage...... 8-1 8.1 Introduction ...... 8-1 8.2 Methodology ...... 8-1 8.3 Detailed Description...... 8-1 8.3.1 Protected Areas ...... 8-1 8.3.2 Drainage...... 8-1 8.3.3 Groundwater and Groundwater Vulnerability...... 8-2 8.3.4 Fisheries and Angling ...... 8-3 8.3.5 Lakes...... 8-3 8.4 Conclusion ...... 8-4 8.4.1 Surface Drainage ...... 8-4 8.4.2 Groundwater ...... 8-5

9 Landscape and Visual ...... 9-1 9.1 Introduction ...... 9-1 9.2 Study Methodology ...... 9-1 9.3 Detailed Description...... 9-1 9.3.1 Topography and Landform...... 9-2 9.3.2 Drainage Systems...... 9-3 9.3.3 Land Uses...... 9-3 9.3.4 Woodland and Trees...... 9-3 9.3.5 Archaeological/Historical Structures/Landscape Setting ...... 9-4 9.4 Landscape Character Assessment ...... 9-5 9.4.1 Landscape Character Types...... 9-5 9.4.2 Landscape Character Areas ...... 9-7 9.5 Constraints Within the Study Area ...... 9-8 9.5.1 Areas of Amenity Value ...... 9-8 9.5.2 Protected Views ...... 9-9 9.6 Conclusion ...... 9-9 9.6.1 Minimum Zone of Proximity ...... 9-9 9.6.2 Categorisation and Ranking of Sites ...... 9-10 9.6.3 Categorisation and Ranking of Constraints ...... 9-11

10 Cultural Heritage ...... 10-1 10.1 Introduction ...... 10-1 10.1.1 Definitions ...... 10-1 10.1.2 Findings...... 10-2 10.2 Methodology ...... 10-3 10.2.1 Guidelines ...... 10-3 10.2.2 Research...... 10-4 10.2.3 Statutory Protection of Registered Cultural Heritage Sites...... 10-6 10.2.4 Archaeology ...... 10-7 10.2.5 Unregistered Cultural Heritage Sites ...... 10-9 10.3 Assessment of Constraints ...... 10-11 10.3.1 Identification of Key Constraints ...... 10-11 10.3.2 Perceived Importance of Sites...... 10-12 10.3.3 Archaeological Heritage...... 10-12 10.4 Detailed Description...... 10-13 10.4.1 Geographic Overview of the Study Area ...... 10-13

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10.4.2 Chronological Overview of the Study Area...... 10-13 10.4.3 Prehistoric Period...... 10-14 10.4.4 Early Christian/Early Medieval Period (c. 500 to 1100 AD) ...... 10-18 10.4.5 Medieval Period (1100 AD to 1600)...... 10-21 10.4.6 Post Medieval/Early Modern Period: (c. 1600–Present)...... 10-23 10.4.7 Main Urban Settlements Within the CSA...... 10-24 10.5 Discussion of Archaeological and Cultural Heritage ...... 10-25 10.5.1 Archaeological Heritage...... 10-25 10.5.2 Cultural Heritage ...... 10-27 10.6 Conclusion ...... 10-28

11 Architectural Heritage...... 11-1 11.1 Introduction ...... 11-1 11.2 Methodology ...... 11-1 11.2.1 Objective ...... 11-1 11.2.2 Research...... 11-2 11.2.3 Consultation with Statutory Bodies ...... 11-2 11.2.4 Statutory Protection of Architectural Heritage...... 11-3 11.2.5 Assessment of Constraints ...... 11-5 11.3 Detailed Description...... 11-8 11.3.1 Geographic Overview of the Study Area ...... 11-8 11.3.2 Settlements in the Study Area ...... 11-9 11.3.3 Other Architectural Heritage Constraints by Type ...... 11-13 11.4 Conclusions ...... 11-19

12 Air Quality and Climate Change...... 12-1 12.1 Introduction ...... 12-1 12.2 Methodology ...... 12-1 12.3 Detailed Description...... 12-1 12.3.1 Air Pollution Sources...... 12-1 12.3.2 Meteorological Data ...... 12-2 12.3.3 Air Quality Zones in Ireland...... 12-2 12.3.4 EPA/Local Authority Monitoring Programmes ...... 12-2 12.3.5 Review of EPA Monitoring Data...... 12-3 12.3.6 Sensitive Receptors ...... 12-4 12.3.7 Opportunities For Mitigation...... 12-4 12.4 Conclusions ...... 12-4

13 Noise and Vibration ...... 13-1 13.1 Introduction ...... 13-1 13.2 Methodology ...... 13-1 13.3 Detailed Decription ...... 13-2 13.3.1 Existing Environment ...... 13-2 13.3.2 Potential Impact of the Scheme...... 13-4 13.3.3 Embankments and Bunds...... 13-5 13.4 Conclusion ...... 13-6

14 Socio-Economics ...... 14-1 14.1 Introduction ...... 14-1 14.2 Methodology and Sources of Information ...... 14-1

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14.3 Receiving Environment...... 14-2 14.3.1 Character of Area and Demographics ...... 14-2 14.3.2 Overall Issues in Relation to Identification of Route Options...... 14-4 14.3.3 Constraints by Study Section...... 14-5 14.3.4 Interactions...... 14-7 14.4 Conclusions ...... 14-7

15 Agronomy ...... 15-1 15.1 Introduction ...... 15-1 15.2 Methodology ...... 15-1 15.3 Detailed Description...... 15-3 15.3.1 Statistical Analysis ...... 15-3 15.3.2 Soils in the Study Area...... 15-5 15.4 Conclusions ...... 15-6 15.4.1 High Quality Agricultural Land ...... 15-6 15.4.2 Farm Yards ...... 15-7 15.4.3 Sensitive Farm Enterprises (dairy and equine)...... 15-7

16 Summary...... 16-1

17 References...... 17-1 17.1 Ecology – Flora, Habitats, Ornithology...... 17-1 17.2 Ecology - Mammals ...... 17-2 17.3 Geology and Hydrogeology ...... 17-2 17.4 Cultural Heritage...... 17-3 17.5 Architectural Heritage ...... 17-4 17.6 Air Quality ...... 17-7 17.7 Agronomy ...... 17-7

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 Table of Contents

List of Appendices

Appendix 1...... 1-1 A – Cultural Heritage Constraints Database ...... 1-1 B – Key Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Constraints Within the CSA and Perceived Importance...... 1-18 C – Other Archaeological Constraints Within the CSA and Perceived Importance1-23 D – Areas of Archaeological Potential (AAP)...... 1-24

Appendix 2...... 2-1 A – Evaluation of Sites for Flora, Fauna and Fisheries in Constraints Studies...2-1 B – Sites of Known and Potential Ecological Value in the Study Area...... 2-3 C – Mammal Species Known from the Study Area...... 2-21 D – Plates Illustrating Habitat for Mammals...... 2-22

Appendix 3...... 3-1 A – Statutory Protection of Architectural Heritage in the Study Area ...... 3-1 B – Unregistered Architectural Heritage Sites in the Study Area ...... 3-5 C – Sites of National, Regional, Local and Undetermined Importance in the Study Area ...... 3-17 D – Key Constraints in the Study Area ...... 3-32

Appendix 4...... 4-1 A – Public Consultation Attendance and Questionnaire Returns Record ...... 4-1

Appendix 5...... 5-1 A - Constraints Study Figures...... 5-1

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List of Constraints Study Figures (Appendix 5)

Figure Reference Description

Figure 1.1 Overall Constraints Study Area Figures 1.2–1.4 Constraints Study Area Figures 1.5–1.7 Planning Constraints Figures 3.1-3.2 Public Consultation Attendance and Questionnaire Returns Record Figures 4.1-4.3 OPW Arterial Drainage - “Damaged Lands” Maps Figures 4.4-4.6 ESB Infrastructure Figures 4.7-4.9 Eircom Infrastructure Figures 4.10-4.12 Public Water Supply and Waster Water Systems Figures 6.1–6.14 Ecology – Potential Ecological Sites Figures 7.1–7.3 Bedrock Geology Figures 7.4–7.6 Bedrock Aquifer Types Figures 7.7–7.9 Aquifer Vulnerability Figures 7.10–7.12 Geological Features Figures 8.1–8.3 Hydrology – Rivers and Streams Figures 9.1–9.3 Landscape Character Figures 10.1–10.14 Cultural Heritage Figures 11.1–11.14 Architectural Heritage Figures 14.1–14.3 Socio-Economics Figures 15.1–15.3 Agronomy – Farm Enterprises Figures 15.4–15.6 Agronomy – Soil Types

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1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction

In December 2008 Monaghan County Council (the Client) appointed Grontmij to provide consulting engineering services for the N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme. This Constraints Report for the N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme has been prepared in accordance with the ’s (NRA’s) Project Management Guidelines (March 2000). The purpose of the Constraints Study Report is to establish all constraints of a physical, procedural, environmental or other nature that may affect the N2 Scheme so that route option corridors can be identified. This report has been compiled based on desk studies, site survey work and consultation.

1.2 Constraints Study and Scheme Progression

The NRA’s Project Management Guidelines (2000) outlines the phased approach which should be followed in developing a major road scheme.

Phase 1 of the Guidelines specifies the Overall Project Planning Stage which establishes the business case for the Scheme.

Phase 2 of the Guidelines outlines the requirements of the Constraints Study. The objective of the Study is to gather information on the project and identify the key constraints. This Report presents the findings of the Study and identifies the local and national issues that must be taken into account.

Phase 3 of the Guidelines, the Route Corridor Selection Phase, involves the development of route options within the Study Area based on the information gathered during the Constraints Study and further studies undertaken. This Phase culminates in the production of a Route Corridor Selection Report.

Phase 4 of the Guidelines follows on from the Route Corridor Selection Phase, and involves Preliminary Design / Land Acquisition Procedures. This comprises Preliminary Design, Environmental Impact Assessment/Statement, Land Acquisition mapping and the Statutory

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Process. The Environmental Impact Assessment/Statement will be prepared in accordance with European Union and Irish Legislation.

Phase 5 of the Guidelines sets out the Preparation of the Construction Documentation, Tender and Award.

Phase 6 of the Guidelines specifies the regulation of the Scheme Construction.

Throughout all phases of scheme’s progression, the general Irish and European Union legislation will be followed. Relevant legislation includes inter alia: • Arterial Drainage Act, 1945 • Environmental Protection Agency Act, 1992 • Environmental Impact Assessment (Amendment) Regulations 1999 • Water Pollution Acts, 1997 and 1990 • Waste Management Act 1996 • Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), transposed into Irish Law by the EC (Natural Habitats Regulations 1997) • EU Birds Directive (79/409/EEC) • European Communities (Quality of Salmonid Waters) Regulations 1988 • Fisheries (Consolidation) Act, 1959 • Wildlife Act, 1976 • Wildlife (Amendment Act), 2000 • Protection of Wild Animals Orders, 1980 and 1990 • Flora Protection Order, 1987 and 1999 • National Monuments Acts, 1930 and 1994 • Integrated Pollution, Prevention and Control Directive 96/61/EC • Housing Act, 1966 • Air Pollution Act 1987 • Roads Act 1993 (and amendments) • Heritage Act, 1995 • Planning and Development Act 2000 • Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1999

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1.3 Objectives

The objectives of the consultancy commission are to develop a design through the NRA Project Management Guidelines (2000) phases that is robust and fulfils the national and regional requirements for road safety, road user service and value for money.

The Scheme has been evaluated using the following criteria as outlined in the NRA Project Appraisal Guidelines (2008): • Economy • Safety • Environment • Accessibility and Social Inclusion • Integration

1.3.1 Economy

The proposed Scheme will lead to improved accessibility between the N2, N12 and N54 national routes as well as the proposed A5 Western Transport Corridor (A5 WTC) in Northern Ireland currently under development.

As identified in the National Spatial Strategy (NSS) 2002 – 2020 and Transport 21, the Scheme will lead to the encouragement of growth and development within the local rural economy. The resultant improved cross-border transport link will enhance the potential for major economic and social gains in the border region, with the Monaghan Hub and the Letterkenny/ Gateway already identified as being important components to achieve this strategy.

1.3.2 Safety

The existing N2 has been identified as a medium to high risk road in terms of traffic safety due to the existing cross section, poor vertical and horizontal geometry and a high number of accesses on the existing route; refer to Paragraph 2.4.1. The N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme shall provide a route that caters for the expected traffic volumes and will be designed in accordance with the NRA’s Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) to ensure road safety is improved.

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The NRA’s reported data relating to road accident and collision facts (up to 2004) reveals a relatively high collision and injury rate for the N2 when compared to other primary and secondary national routes. The NRA’s High Accident Locations (1996-2000) Report reflects a high accident location (“black spot”) at the Castleshane bend to the south of Monaghan which lies within the scheme.

1.3.3 Environment

The Scheme’s environmental objectives can be addressed in two stages; • The construction phase • The operational phase

The Scheme will be designed in order to minimise adverse affects on the existing environment. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) will be carried out that will include appropriate assessments of the potential construction impacts and the required mitigation measures to address these impacts. The Scheme will also be designed to minimise environmental impacts in the operational phase with the EIA identifying the mitigation measures required to minimise these potential impacts.

The Scheme will provide environmental improvements for villages situated along the existing N2 with notable opportunity for the regeneration of as identified in the Monaghan County Development Plan (2007-2013).

1.3.4 Accessibility and Social Inclusion

The N2 Dublin-Derry Route has been identified as a strategic radial corridor in the NSS; the Scheme will assist in the improvement of access between the Letterkenny/Derry Gateway and Dublin. Beyond that, international access via the sea and airports on either side of the border will be enhanced.

The Scheme will lead to improved access for national, regional and local road users and will relieve localised congestion along the existing route while diverting heavy goods vehicles (HGV) traffic away from the village centres, notably at Emyvale. This reduced congestion will result in the restoration of community based group activities and stronger local links.

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1.3.5 Integration

The proposed Scheme plays an important role in promoting cross-border co-operation in planning, investment and the delivery of infrastructure in order to achieve an integrated network for the island as a whole. This integrated approach is a key element identified under the NSS (2002-2020) and NDP (2007-2013) reports as well as Transport 21. The Scheme will greatly improve links to Dublin.

The Scheme will address the integration of land use and transportation to encourage economic development in the regional towns and villages along the route.

1.4 Study Area

1.4.1 Identification of the Study Area

The study area for the N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme is shown on Map Figures 1.1 to 1.4 contained in Appendix 5. This has been determined as the area where information on constraints is to be collated to facilitate the development of route options. The length of the existing N2 within the study area is approximately 28km. The Study Area is a substantial area ensuring that the number of potential routes that can be considered during the following phases is not restricted. This area is defined by the southern tie-in point at Clontibret, the northern tie-in point in the vicinity of Aughnacloy, the border with Northern Ireland to the east and a sufficient area to the west which allows potential routes to be explored west of Monaghan Town and Emyvale Village.

1.5 Mapping

The following mapping has been used for the work undertaken on the Constraints Study: • 1:50,000 OSI Discovery Series Mapping. • OSI mapping (1:1,000 or 1:2,500 for some areas and 1:10,000 for remainder of study area)

Colour aerial photography was supplied by Monaghan County Council and has been used to provide additional information on existing ground features. Specific mapping such as geological mapping and soils mapping, used to identify particular constraints, is listed in the relevant chapters of this report.

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1.6 Windscreen Surveys

Windscreen surveys were undertaken in the study area to supplement mapping and aerial photographs and to identify: • Properties not shown on mapping • Commercial/industrial business locations • Community Facilities • Junction layout and visibility • The location of property accesses (not shown on the ordnance survey plans) • Variations in carriageway widths, speed restrictions and the extent and location of hard shoulders on the existing N2 • Sections of the existing N2 with sub-standard forward visibility. • Drainage features and structures

1.7 Planning Constraints

A planning search was undertaken in the study area to establish the location of major developments which have been granted planning permissions but have not yet been constructed. Plans will be amended as required to include this information during Phase 3 (Route Selection).

A review of the Monaghan County Development Plan 2007 to 2013 was carried out for the study area with a focus on elements impacted by the N2.

Zoning constraints such as town boundaries, special local area plan boundaries and local area plan boundaries were also considered in the study.

1.8 Consultations

A Public Consultation process was undertaken in accordance with the NRA’s Project Management Guidelines (2000) and is detailed within Chapter 3 of this report.

As part of the Constraints Study, statutory and non-statutory bodies were consulted to identify designated sites, apparatus and areas of interest within the Study Area. Details of the organisations consulted and from whom comments were sought are listed below: • National Parks and Wildlife Services

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• Environmental Protection Agency Headquarters • Eastern Regional Fisheries Board • Development Applications Unit • Irish Peatland Conservation Trust • National Monuments Service • Bird Watch Ireland • Irish Wildlife Trust • An Taisce • Teagasc • Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food • Neagh Bann and the North Western River Basin District • Heritage Council • The Arts Council • National Roads Authority • National Roads Design Office • Office of Public Works • Heritage Department • Conservation Department • Eircom • ESB & ESBI • Bord Gáis Éireann (Transmission) • Bord Gáis Éireann (Distribution) • NTL • CIE (Iarnrod Éireann and Bus Éireann)

1.9 Format of the Report

The Need for the Scheme is outlined in Chapter 2, the public consultation process is described in Chapter 3, the Engineering constraints are discussed in Chapter 4, Traffic and Accident data are discussed in Chapter 5 and Environmental constraints are discussed in Chapters 6 to 15. Finally, a summary is presented in Chapter 16.

The constraints for each individual discipline are described in the separate chapters and are presented in the relevant figures of this report.

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2 Need for the Scheme

2.1 Introduction

The need for an improvement of the N2 from Clontibret to the Northern Ireland border has been identified as early as the National Road Needs Study, published by the National Roads Authority (NRA) in 1998.

The existing N2 is a single carriageway and offers a poor Level of Service (LOS) to users. The N2 corridor from Dublin to the Northern Ireland border and the A5 WTC from the border to Derry is a main arterial route linking Dublin to County Donegal. It passes the major hubs of Monaghan Town, , Strabane and links Letterkenny, Dungannon and Derry. It has recently been upgraded in several locations. The A5 WTC is being progressed and the preferred scheme was announced in July 2009.

The proposed N2 Scheme is compatible with local and national strategies and is referenced in a number of policy documents including, the National Development Plan (NDP) 2007 – 2013, Transport 21, the NSS 2002 – 2020, Monaghan County Development Plan 2007 – 2013 and the Regional Development Plans.

The major benefits that the Scheme will provide can be summarised as follows; improved road safety, reduced travel times, reduced traffic congestion, improved access between Donegal, Monaghan and Dublin and improved links between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

2.2 Background

2.2.1 Project History

In December 2008 Monaghan County Council appointed Grontmij as the Consulting Engineer to progress a route improvement scheme for the N2 National Road from Clontibret to the Northern Ireland border through Phases 1 to 4 of the NRA Project Management Guidelines (2000).

Prior to this appointment between 1996 and 2006 a scheme from Monaghan to Emyvale was investigated and was sub-divided into 2 phases:

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• Phase 1 - The N2 Monaghan Bypass, consisting of a single carriageway relief road to the East of Monaghan Town; and • Phase 2 - A single carriageway improvement scheme from north of Monaghan to Emyvale.

Phase 1 (the N2 Monaghan Bypass) was constructed and opened in September 2006.

Phase 2 (the N2 Monaghan to Emyvale Realignment Scheme) was progressed through the Part 8 planning process in 2004. Whilst this scheme would have fulfilled the requirements of at a local level, the progression of the Clontibret to the Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme focuses on improving the N2 as a strategic cross-border link thereby improving transport links between Donegal and Dublin.

In March 2007 the Chancellor of the UK Exchequer and The Taoiseach announced a historic future funding package for the incoming Northern Ireland Executive. This funding package included a major new roads programme, including funding of £400 million made available by the Irish Government. This £400m is intended to fund an unprecedented package of infrastructure investment in Northern Ireland, including a major new roads programme to provide standard on routes serving the North West Gateway of Letterkenny / Derry and on the eastern seaboard corridor from Belfast to Larne. The A5 WTC is included in this roads programme and is currently being progressed with the preferred scheme being announced in July 2009.

With these significant improvements planned for the A5 route north of the Border, combined with improvements already completed on the N2 at and , a substandard section of the N2 between Clontibret and the Border remains in need of improvement.

2.2.2 The Existing N2

This section of the N2 is of single carriageway standard which, apart from the recently constructed eastern bypass at Monaghan, offers a relatively poor LOS to users (varying from C to E). Upgrading at other sections of the N2 and A5 between Dublin and Derry is being considered by the National Roads Authority (NRA) and Roads Service Northern Ireland (RSNI) respectively.

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2.2.3 N2 / A5 Corridor Improvements

The N2 Route has been recently upgraded in several locations; the N2 Ashbourne Bypass (upgraded to motorway status in July 2009) consisting of approximately 17km of dual two-lane all purpose (D2AP) carriageway with a posted speed of 120kph, and the N2 Clontibret Bypass consisting of almost 16km of ‘2 plus 1’ (2+1) carriageway with a posted speed of 100kph opened in November 2007. The N2 Ashbourne to scheme, approximately 45km in length, is currently at Constraints Study stage. The Compulsory Purchase Order (CPO) and Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the N2 Bypass consisting of 3.5km of Dual Carriageway were published in December 2009. In Northern Ireland there is a planned upgrade of the A5 consisting of approximately 88km of dual carriageway. The Preferred Route for this scheme was announced in July 2009.

2.3 Need

2.3.1 Policies and Plans

The proposed N2 Scheme is compatible with local and national strategies and is referenced in a number of policy documents: • The National Development Plan (NDP) 2007 – 2013 • Transport 21 • The National Spatial Strategy (NSS) 2002 - 2020 • Monaghan County Development Plan 2007 – 2013 • Regional Development Plan Specific references are recited below to demonstrate the context of the proposed Scheme.

2.3.2 The National Development Plan (NDP) 2007-2013

The National Development Plan is the key document in Ireland for planning and programming capital expenditure for a wide range of schemes and projects. Reference is made to the Scheme and the importance of the N2 as a strategic cross-border route throughout the document.

NDP Chapter 3 (Regional Development) states that key development issues and investment requirements over the period of the Plan include: • “Implementation, by the relevant local authorities, of an integrated strategy for the strategic development of Letterkenny as an integral part of the Northwest Gateway;”

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• “Enhancement of road links to other Gateways along the Atlantic Road Corridor;” • “Further improvements on the N2 route, in co-operation with the Northern Ireland Authorities, to greatly improve the road link to Dublin over the period of the Plan;” and • “Further investment at Derry Airport and continued support for Donegal Regional Airport”.

NDP Chapter 5 (All Island Co-operation) focuses on the importance of implementing projects and initiatives for mutual benefit to both the North and South of Ireland and describes key initiatives to benefit the entire island of Ireland.

“Working together on roads that serve communities and business on both sides of the border will be a key priority for a joint approach. Enhancing key routes between the major urban centres on the island will continue to be a priority for the Government.”

The chapter further describes the importance of development of cross-border routes and identifies the need to develop in areas that have historically enjoyed less economic success, such as the border counties. Key strategic cross-border routes are identified: • Dublin - Belfast; • Dublin - Derry / Letterkenny; • Derry / Letterkenny – Belfast; • Sligo – Enniskillen - Belfast; and • Sligo – Enniskillen - .

Additionally, the Executive Summary of the NDP gives a list of major new strategic projects that are to be the Government’s priority schemes as joint projects with Northern Ireland. Of the list of projects three are strategic infrastructure schemes: • “The completion by 2013 of a high quality road network on the inter-urban routes linking the major population centres of Dublin, Belfast and the North West (especially the Letterkenny-Derry Gateway)”; • “The future development of the Dublin-Belfast rail line as part of an integrated rail network serving other major population centres, North and South;” and • “Improved access for tourism and other opportunities along the Eastern corridor, including better links between Co Louth and Co Down in Northern Ireland;”.

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2.3.3 Transport 21

Transport 21 is a capital investment framework under the National Development Plan through which the transport system in Ireland will be developed, over the period 2006 to 2015. The projects and programmes that make up Transport 21 will aim to: • “increase accessibility – making it easier for everybody to get to and from work, school, college, shopping and business” • “ensure sustainability – recognising that a modern transport system must be sustainable from an economic and environmental perspective” • “expand capacity – addressing existing deficiencies and providing for future growth” • “increase use - managing the transport network and seeking to increase the use of public transport” • “enhance quality – improving safety, accessibility, integration, reliability, speed and comfort.”

The N2 Monaghan to the Border is identified as a Strategic Radial Corridor within Transport 21 and the NSS (2002 - 2020), see Figure 2-1 below;

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Figure 2-1 NSS (2002 – 2020), Map 3 National Transport Framework

Transport 21 states the following in regards to the N2 Corridor:

“In the light of this, construction works on this route have concentrated on removing the traffic bottlenecks and on improving the standard of roadway along that section of the route between Ardee and the border.

Taken together, the works on this route will provide a high quality road, bypassing all the major bottlenecks along the way. A far safer route with greater journey time predictability will be a feature of this important link between Dublin, Monaghan and the northwest including Donegal.

N2 Clontibrit (sic) Border: This scheme is currently being assessed in terms of cross-sectional requirements and future strategic needs. Consultants have been appointed for the purpose of determining the viability or otherwise of currently planned routes on this section of the N2 Corridor”

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2.3.4 The National Spatial Strategy (NSS) 2002 - 2020

The NSS is a national planning document taking into consideration 20 years of development. The NSS aims to achieve a better balance of social, economic and physical development across Ireland, supported by more effective planning. Within the document the importance of Monaghan Town as a medium hub for development has been identified.

NSS Section 3 (Future Spatial Structure) describes the development of Gateways and Hubs as the key to promoting balanced development in a region and states the advantages of cross-border cooperation in developing key infrastructure. NSS Section 3.3.5 (Co-operating in an All–Island Context) describes the importance of the N2 Corridor in terms of national and regional development:

“In border areas, and in a developing all-island economy, there is a renewed emphasis on co- operation for economic advantage between the State and Northern Ireland across a range of activities. The Dublin-Belfast Corridor and the Letterkenny/Derry gateway present two opportunities for large-scale co-operation. Proposals in respect of these have been set out earlier.

With changing circumstances, advantage can also be derived from viewing the central part of the border area as a 'crossroads' between Dublin, Belfast, Derry, the Midlands and other strategic locations such as Sligo. Given its position on the N2 strategic road corridor, its position vis-à-vis towns in Northern Ireland whose cross-border links are strengthening, and opportunities for cross- border tourism, there is a particular role for Monaghan as a hub. This role will complement that of Dundalk as a gateway and will capitalise on Monaghan's midway position on the Dublin-Derry N2 route and its substantial capacity for development.”

NSS Section 4.2 (The Border Region) reinforces Monaghan Town’s role of participating in the balanced regional development of the border region:

“Sligo, Letterkenny and Dundalk as gateways will be supported by Monaghan and Cavan as hubs. Monaghan will build on its strategic location between Dublin and Derry on the N2, its links to Armagh and its capacity for growth.”

Map 4 contained in the NSS outlines Monaghan’s role within the border region; refer to Figure 2-2 below:

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Figure 2-2 NSS (2002 – 2020), Map 4 Border Region

2.3.5 Monaghan County Development Plan 2007 – 2013

The Monaghan County Development Plan prescribes the programme and objectives of County Monaghan through the stated period with Chapter 6 specifically addressing infrastructure and services.

This chapter begins by describing the current role of the road network within the County and how motor vehicles are the principal form of transport due to the urban sprawl in and around Monaghan Town. It also prescribes the benefits achievable by enhancing the road network, specifically citing benefits for the villages and towns on the N2 National Route:

“The current Capital Road Works Programme to be completed over the life of this plan will address the negative impact of the National Road Network on Castleblayney and Monaghan towns and the villages of Annayalla, Clontibret and Emyvale it plays in the social life of both urban

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 2-9 and rural dwellers. County Monaghan relies on its road network as the sole method of transport serving the county”

Several references are made to the strategic role of the N2 Dublin to Derry route throughout the chapter and specifically the need to improve the service that the route currently provides. There are two strategic national road proposals listed that that have not been completed since the publication of the Plan: • N2 Monaghan – Emyvale Realignment • N2/N54 Monaghan – Clones Road Link

The Emyvale Village Plan (Chapter 14) identifies the key benefits for diverting N2 traffic around Emyvale with a notable reference to the proposed Monaghan – Emyvale realignment:

“The proposed Monaghan - Emyvale N2 by-pass is to follow a route west of the village. The proposed road realignment of the N2 is approximately 11.2 km and it is anticipated that work will commence in 2007. The bye pass will divert a large proportion of passing or through traffic from Emyvale which will allow for the regeneration and environmental improvement of the village core.”

The N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme will replace the N2 Monaghan to Emyvale Realignment Scheme as the key regional and strategic road project required for development in County Monaghan and strategically throughout Ireland.

The Development Plan furthermore recognises the potential positive effects, as identified in Chapter 9 of the NSS (2002-2020), for Monaghan Town due to its role as a Hub and its strategic location on the N2:

“Monaghan as a Hub will help energise the potential presented by increased cross border co- operation, complement the role of Dundalk as a Gateway, capitalise on its midway position on the Dublin-Derry N2 route, and develop tourism/inland waterways opportunities.”

2.3.6 Regional Development Plan

Following on from the publication of the National Spatial Strategy (NSS) in 2002, each of the Regional Authorities were required to prepare and adopt Regional Planning Guidelines, the

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The Guidelines for the Border Regions were developed in consultation with a range of stakeholders from local authorities, government departments, state bodies and other non– governmental organisations (NGOs).

Within Section 2.6 of the Guidelines for the Border Regions, the inter-regional linkages between Dublin, the Mid East Region and the Border Region are discussed; the guidelines state the following:

“The Dublin and Mid Eastern Region has geographical boundaries with Cavan, Monaghan and Louth. The M1/N1 Dublin–Belfast, N2 Dublin–Letterkenny, N3 Dublin–Cavan, N4 Dublin–Sligo are key transport linkages of national and international importance. Rail linkages include the Dublin– Belfast and Dublin–Sligo lines. The Region possesses both Dublin International Airport and major passenger and freight ports in Dublin, Dun Laoghaire and Louth.

The Region has strong socio–economic links to the capital city of Dublin, while the Dublin–Belfast economic corridor and catchment area encourages growth and sustainable development such as the town of Drogheda, which is a designated Primary Development Centre in these Guidelines and also in the SPG’s for the GDA and the NSS.

Dublin is a major employment centre whilst Monaghan/Cavan/Louth serve as commuting towns for Dublin city and area. Along the Boyne Valley, national archaeological sites provides significant potential for Tourism. Retail locations in Dublin and its surrounds provide a key function for the east of the Region.”

And for County level the Plan states:

“The development of the national road network throughout the County including the N2, N12, N53, N54 and A3 link to Cavan and provision of planned by-passes of Monaghan, Castleblayney and Emyvale.”

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2.4 Benefits

The major benefits that the Scheme will provide can be summarised as follows: • Improved road safety; • Reduced travel times and traffic congestion; • Improved links between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland; and • Improved access between Donegal, Monaghan and Dublin.

2.4.1 Improved Road Safety

The existing N2 between Clontibret and the border of Northern Ireland is a single carriageway road with a varying cross section, whilst the high HGV content of the traffic on this route leads to decreased road safety due to limited overtaking opportunities. An appropriate cross section and a higher standard of road geometry will improve road safety by improving visibility and overtaking opportunities.

The section of the N2 from Monaghan to the Northern Ireland Border has been rated by the European Road Assessment Programme (EuroRAP) 2005 and 2008 as medium-high risk whilst EuroRAP 2008 assessed the number of fatal, serious and minor injury collisions between 2002 and 2006 as 41. The EuroRAP assessment concluded that collision rates were more that 3 times higher on single carriageways when compared to motorways (2.9 fatal collisions per billion vehicle km compared to 9.0 collisions per billion vehicle km) and just less than 2 times higher on a single carriageway when compared to a dual carriageway (4.9 fatal collisions per billion vehicle km compared to 9.0 collisions per billion vehicle km). These results are qualified due to small survey samples sizes but are representative of similar results reported in Great Britain.

Although the cross section of the Scheme is yet to be determined it is proposed to connect to the recently constructed N2 Clontibret to Castleblaney ‘2 plus 1’ (2+1) Scheme to the south of Monaghan Town and the proposed A5 WTC to the north. Current proposals for the A5 WTC Scheme indicate that this scheme will be a Dual 2 All Purpose Carriageway with limited access. If the existing section of the N2 from Clontibret to the Northern Ireland border is not upgraded, then the future completion of the A5 WTC will leave a section of the N2 at a lesser standard than the adjacent sections.

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2.4.2 Reduced Travel Times and Traffic Congestion

The provision of the N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme will have a beneficial impact on both around Monaghan Town and Emyvale due to the removal of through and long distance traffic. Annual average daily traffic flows on the existing road in 2008 range from 5,900 to 7,600 vehicles per day, with 13% being HGVs. With traffic growth averaging 2.1% per annum the level of service will continue to deteriorate such that drivers are delayed within platoons formed behind slower moving vehicles.

2.4.3 Improved links between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland

The future improved accessibility between the N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Road Scheme and the proposed A5 WTC will result in an improved cross-border transport link with major economic and social benefits for the border region. The A5 WTC is one of five key transport corridors identified in the Regional Transport Strategy for the north of Ireland. Along with the N2, this major road improvement scheme represents a significant step in improving connections between Dublin, Derry and Donegal in the northwest of Ireland.

2.4.4 Improved Access between Donegal, Monaghan and Dublin

The N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme is primarily aimed at improving cross- border links supporting balanced regional development in Ireland. In conjunction with the A5 WTC this Scheme will improve access to Donegal Town and provide a robust arterial route. These improvements will assist in improving commercial and tourist development in Ireland through reduced and more reliable journey times.

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3 Public Consultation

3.1 Introduction

The various phases of the Project Management Guidelines (2000) advocate that formal consultation with the public is undertaken throughout the development of a road scheme.

The purpose of Public Consultations is to create awareness, provide information on a schemes progression and to invite feedback from members of the public who may have an interest in its development. Interested parties often include landowners, farmers, interest groups, statutory bodies, residential owners and commercial businesses within the study area and beyond.

3.2 Consultation

3.2.1 Elected Members

Prior to meeting the public a presentation was given to the Monaghan County Council Elected Members on 6th July 2009 detailing the current status of the project and the works undertaken to date. The purpose of this presentation was to ensure that the Elected Members were fully informed of the scheme and to obtain their input into the proposed Public Consultation Meeting No.1. This presentation yielded specific recommendations to be taken on board including the provision of additional advertising / signing of the events and the inclusion of a third public consultation day.

3.2.2 General Public

Prior to presentation to the Monaghan County Council Elected Members two consultation days had been proposed which was extended to three as follows; • 13th July 2009, Clontibret – 16:00 to 20:00 in the Community Hall • 14th July 2009, Emyvale – 12:00 to 20:00 in the Community Hall • 15th July 2009, Monaghan Town 12:00 to 20:00 in the Four Seasons Hotel

To ensure maximum coverage the consultation meetings were advertised as follows; • Local Newspaper - The Northern Standard • Parish Bulletin - Parish

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- Truagh Parish - Parish - Clontibret Parish - Parish - Monaghan & Rackwallace Parish • Church Notice boards - Donagh - Truagh - Tyholland - Clontibret - Tydavnet - Monaghan & Rackwallace - Glennan • An announcement on the local Radio, ‘Northern Sound’, prior to and on the days of the public consultation with a short interview also undertaken on 15th July 2009. • Site Specific Road Signs were erected north and south of each venue on the N2 National road. • Signs were erected outside each venue directing the public to the correct entrance.

Following the completion of the consultation process an electronic copy of all the material on display, including the brochure and questionnaire were uploaded onto the Monaghan County Council website to ensure ease of access / download by the general public.

3.2.3 Attendance

The consultation process was well received with the level of interest varying between venues; • 13th July 2009, Clontibret – 19 attendees • 14th July 2009, Emyvale – 106 attendees • 15th July 2009, Monaghan Town – 45 attendees

A summary of the Public Consultation No. 1 attendees with a supporting drawing highlighting the geographical spread of the attendees has been reflected on Figure 3.1 in Error! Reference source not found..

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3.3 Conclusions

3.3.1 Initial Responses

It was noted that the key points raised by the attendees at the Public Consultation venues were generally related to localised issues as follows; • Clontibret - The primary discussions related more to the Clontibret to Castleblayney 2+1 Scheme and unresolved issues. • Emyvale - The primary discussions related to the previous study work undertaken and how it was affected by the change in direction / approach to the N2. • Monaghan Town - The discussions were generally a combination of the Clontibret to Castleblayney 2+1 Scheme’s unresolved issues as well as the status of the previous Emyvale study work.

3.3.2 Returned Questionnaires

An integral part of the Public Consultation process is to obtain formal feedback from the attendees; therefore along with the brochure a questionnaire and a self addressed return envelope was issued to each attendee.

To maximise the potential number and value, questionnaires were deposited at public places within Emyvale including a number of local shops, filling stations and the Credit Union. The filling station near the Northern Ireland border in the of Mullinderg was also included in the distribution of questionnaires. One month was allowed for receipt of formal responses after the Public Consultation meetings with the cut-off date given as 14th August 2009.

The distribution of questionnaires at the Public Consultation events yielded at total of 9 number returns with a further five being returned due to the deposition of questionnaires after the events in public places. A summary of the returned questionnaires with a supporting drawing highlighting the geographical spread of the returns has been included within Error! Reference source not found. on Figure 3.2.

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4 Engineering

4.1 Introduction

This section of the report identifies the main engineering and infrastructural constraints within the Study Area.

4.2 Methodology

The identification of engineering constraints was completed primarily as part of a desktop review of the information contained on the Ordnance Survey (OS) Discovery Series (1:50,000 scale) mapping, OS Vector Mapping and complemented by site visits in the form of windscreen surveys.

The engineering characteristics comprise the natural features including topography, river systems and valleys and the main infrastructure including roads, railways, main electricity lines, gas lines and other utilities within the Study Area.

In consultation with the following service providers, information was gathered on the utilities within the Study Area: • ESB • Eircom • Bórd Gáis • NTL • Monaghan County Council

4.3 Detailed Description

4.3.1 Topography

The general topography of the Study Area is undulating lowland drumlins ranging between 50m and 90m AOD. To the south of Monaghan Town, the land rises to 100m to 200m AOD, however the drumlin characteristics remain. To the northwest the land rises to what are effectively the foothills of the Slieve Beagh Mountains. Again, the drumlin character of the landscape remains.

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To the western edge of the study area, the river valleys impose a more linear pattern on the topography.

4.3.2 Rivers & Lakes

There are four large rivers within the Study Area, the Blackwater and the Monaghan Blackwater, the Mountain Water and the Cor River. These are fed by numerous smaller rivers and streams.

The Monaghan Blackwater flows in a west to east direction through Monaghan Town bisecting the study area, before joining up with the River Cor outside of the Study Area.

The Mountain Water bisects the Study Area, flowing in a west to east direction through the village of Emyvale before flowing into the Ulster Blackwater, outside of the study area.

These two rivers are considered major constraints as suitable crossings will be required for both.

The Cor River flows south to north in the south eastern section of the study area, running parallel to the existing N2 near the settlements of Castleshane and Moy Otra. Outside the Study Area the River Cor flows in a northerly direction until it joins the Ulster Blackwater. A crossing of this river could be avoided, depending on the proposed alignment.

The Ulster Blackwater flows in a west to east direction, forming the northern boundary of the scheme. This section of the river acts as the border between Northern Ireland and Monaghan.

The runs east to west through the study area, parallel to the N12 to the east of Monaghan Town and the N54 to the west of Monaghan Town. Although currently the canal is unnavigable, restoration to some parts of the canal outside the Study Area have already taken place. It is therefore foreseeable that will require that that any crossing accommodates the potential future restored status of the canal, providing full height and width clearances.

4.3.3 Arterial Drainage Scheme

As part of the Constraints Study, the Office of Public Works (OPW) in Trim was consulted and the “Damaged Lands” maps were obtained and reviewed; refer to Figures 4.1 to 4.3 in Appendix 5.

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These historic flood maps formed part of the OPW’s arterial drainage scheme within County Monaghan which was carried out to prevent and alleviate the flooding of mainly agricultural land, generally referred to as benefiting lands, from the main watercourses. In the past, the “Damaged Lands” maps have proven to be a robust indicator when identifying areas prone to potential flooding and gauging the preliminary extent of floodplains.

4.3.4 Existing Road and Railway Network

The NRA’s DMRB states that the number of accesses per kilometre is directly related to the layout constraint (referred to as Lc). Lc is one of the primary factors which influence the viability of an option.

The major road within the study area is the existing N2 that runs north to south through the study area from Clontibret to the border with Northern Ireland; through the town of Monaghan and smaller villages including Emyvale. The cross section of the road varies along the 28km that are within the study area.

Where the N2 enters the Study Area at the south of Clontibret, there is a southbound climbing lane with a narrow central median and hard strips. From this roundabout to Moy Otra, the road has a northbound climbing lane with a narrow central median and hard strips. This section of road is relatively new and was officially opened to the public in November 2007.

North of Moy Otra, the road ties back into the existing N2. From here to the southern roundabout of the N2 Monaghan (Eastern) Bypass, the cross section of the road is a single carriageway with a hard shoulder of varying width.

The recently constructed Monaghan Bypass has a standard single carriageway cross section. From the northern roundabout of the Bypass to where it crosses the River Blackwater, the road is a single carriageway with a varying hard shoulder, then after this point until Emyvale it consists of a single carriageway with no hard shoulder.

From Emyvale to the border with Northern Ireland the road is single carriageway with hard shoulders of varying width.

There are two other national Roads within the study area. The N54 runs from Clones in an east west direction, and terminates in Monaghan Town at a junction with the N2. The N12 runs from

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 4-4 the Northern Ireland border to the west to Monaghan Town, again terminating at a junction with the N2.

There are over 100 side roads that tie into the existing N2 through the study area. The Regional and National Road intersections all occur south of, or around Monaghan Town. From Monaghan Town to the border, the only intersections with the N2 are County Roads and minor no-through roads. Along the N2 there are numerous domestic and field accesses directly off the existing road.

There is a substantial network of county and minor roads that cover the study area, which connect into the larger road network.

There is no existing active rail network within the study area. The disused, partial remains of the Ulster railway, the mid nineteenth century rail link constructed between Belfast and Clones, crosses the Study Area diagonally from the area northeast of Monaghan Town to Clones. The railway was part of the network of the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) company, formed when the Irish North Western Railway, the Northern Railway of Ireland and the Ulster Railway merged in 1876. The railway was abandoned following a decision by the Government of Northern Ireland, in 1957, which unilaterally ordered closure of most of their lines west of the Bann leaving a number of unusable sections.

The protection and conservation of the built fabric of the Great Northern Railway (GNR) is prescribed in Chapter 4 (under Paragraph 4.7.2) of the Monaghan County Development Plan 2007 – 2013.

4.3.5 Tie-in Constraints

The objective of this scheme is to link the N2 at Clontibret to the Northern Ireland border in the vicinity of Aughnacloy with a high quality road with minimum impact to the constraints identified en route. Therefore, the termini of the scheme are constraints, as they set the commencement and the end point. These are defined as the existing Clontibret Bypass and the future A5 WTC.

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4.3.6 Services

4.3.6.1 ESB: High Voltage overhead ESB cables are a major constraint as diversion of these cables can pose major difficulties in general and should be avoided if possible. Existing ESB services are shown on Figures 4.4 to 4.6 in Appendix 5.

4.3.6.2 Eircom In general, Eircom services do not represent major constraints to road scheme. Services which are encountered are normally diverted or protected to facilitate the new road whilst providing continuity of service for the provider. Existing Eircom services are shown on Figures 4.7 to 4.9 in Appendix 5.

4.3.6.3 Bord Gáis: It has been confirmed that there are no distribution gas mains within the Constraints Study Area.

4.3.6.4 NTL In general, NTL services do not represent major constraints to road scheme. Services which are encountered are normally diverted or protected to facilitate the new road whilst providing continuity of service for the provider.

4.3.6.5 Monaghan County Council - Public and Private Water Supply and Waste Water Systems: In Monaghan Town there is a public water system that supplies the town and surrounding area. There is a public waste water system that serves a smaller area in the centre of the town. There are also public water and waste water systems that serve the villages of Emyvale Village and . The rest of the Study Area is covered with a network of Private Water Schemes, supplying the outlying domestic settlements and businesses whilst the waste water is primarily dealt with through private septic tanks. Existing water and waste water services are shown on Figures 4.10 to 4.12 in Appendix 5.

4.4 Conclusion

The engineering constraints within the Study Area are: • Topographical constraints such as the Drumlin landscape • The main watercourses; the Blackwater, Mountain Water and Corr Rivers

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• ESB transmission lines • Tie-in termini • Reservoirs for public water supply • Sewage treatment plants • The principal population centres within County Monaghan such as Monaghan Town and Emyvale Village

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5 Traffic

5.1 Introduction The existing N2 between Clontibret and the Northern Ireland Border comprises mainly of a single carriageway of varying widths, apart from the recently constructed eastern bypass at Monaghan, offering a relatively poor level of service to users.

The speed limit of the is 100 kph; however lower speed limits apply through towns and villages along the route. These lower limits are generally 50 kph with 60kph transition zones.

There are over 100 side roads with junctions along the route, connecting National, Regional and local roads. Four of the junctions are of which one is located at the Scheme commencement and the remaining three along the N2 Monaghan (Eastern) Bypass.

5.2 Methodology

The methodology for establishing traffic constraints consisted primarily of a desktop study of the existing traffic data available supplemented by additional traffic surveys and counts.

5.3 Detailed Description

5.3.1 Existing Traffic

The existing road network within the study area is dominated by three National Roads; the N2, N12 and N54. The N2 runs from the south to the north where it connects to the A5 in Northern Ireland (directly south of Aughnacloy). The N54 coming from the west and the N12 coming from the east, both terminate at Monaghan Town. At a local level, there are a number of regional roads radiating from Monaghan Town and a large number of minor local roads interconnected with the greater road network.

5.3.2 Public Transport

Public transport in Monaghan County and along the N2 is limited to daily bus services running between Dublin, Monaghan, Letterkenny, Omagh and / or Derry.

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5.3.3 Existing NRA Traffic Data

The NRA operates a permanent traffic counter situated at a location immediately south of the border as shown in Figure 3-1 below.

Figure 3-1 NRA Traffic Counter Location

The Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) flows for this counter are shown in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1 Annual Average Daily Traffic at N02-01 Counter Heavy Goods Vehicles Year AADT (HGV) 2000 5027 578 2001 4976 577 2002 5018 642 2003 5184 689 2004 5289 719 2005 5658 786 2006 5654 752 2007 6029 838

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Heavy Goods Vehicles Year AADT (HGV) 2008 5928 800

Over the period examined, the average annual year-on-year growth is 2.1% per annum. This growth rate equates to approximately “non national car and LGV” growth from the NRA’s ‘Future Traffic Forecasts 2002 – 2040’. It is noted that growth in heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) has been greater than for other classes of vehicle such that the proportion of HGVs has increased from 11.5% to 13.5% between 2000 and 2008. In absolute terms this represents a 38% growth between 2000 and 2008, which is significantly higher than the equivalent figure for national primary routes in the forecasts of 24%.

The seasonality of the route was also assessed by reviewing the average daily flows for each month, as shown in Figure 3-2 below. This shows that summer flows are 6% higher than the annual average, which is typical of the inter-urban nature of national primary routes.

Monthly Profile for 2008

7000 AADT=5928 6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

Average Vehicles per Day 1000

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

Figure 3-2 2008 N2 Seasonal Profile

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5.3.4 Traffic Flows

Traffic volumes at the border where the counter is positioned are significantly lower than at other locations along the N2 in the study area towards Clontibret. Traffic surveys undertaken in September 2009 indicated the highest flows occur north of Clontibret, where annual average daily flows were approximately 11,600 vehicles per day. This is approximately 5,500 vehicles higher than the NRA counter at Aughnacloy.

In developing options for the N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme, traffic patterns and the potential changes to them will be an important consideration.

5.4 Conclusion

The existing N2 currently has AADT flows ranging between 5,800 and 11,600 vehicles per day within the Study Area. Given that the existing N2 has a varying single carriageway cross section with a wide range of traffic flows the LOS is variable but generally poor along the route, varying between a LOS of C to E. This variability in LOS is the primary constraint affecting the mobility of users and economic growth.

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6 Ecology

6.1 Introduction

This section considers the ecological constraints of the study area. Flora, habitats and ornithology are considered in Section 6.2. Mammals are considered in Section 6.3. Overall conclusions are presented in Section 6.4.

6.2 Flora, Habitats and Ornithology

The study area (see Figure 1.1 in Appendix 5) is located between Clontibret (to the southeast), Corcaghan (to the southwest), and extends north to Glaslough village, northwest to Carrickroe and north to the Blackwater River, which forms the border with Northern Ireland in County Monaghan.

The principal underlying geology in the area is Ordovician and Silurian meta-sediments and limestone, with some Dinatian mixed sandstones, shales and limestones also present. A small area of granites and other igneous intrusive rocks are present south of Monaghan Town. The soils in the area are typically gleys, grey brown podzolics, and brown earths with mineral alluvial soils along the rivers.

The study area is characterised by drumlins interspersed with small wetlands and lakes, of which some are designated Natural Heritage Ares (NHA) and others which may also be of national or international significance. Other habitats within the study area include improved agricultural grassland, treelines, hedgerows, scrub, immature woodland, mature broadleaved woodland, conifer plantations, drainage ditches and areas of wet grassland. There are also several watercourses in the area.

The main land use within the study area is agricultural, in addition to which there are some areas of commercial coniferous plantation. There are several towns/villages including Monaghan, Clontibret, Emyvale, Knockconan, Carrickroe, Glaslough, Tydavnet, Corcaghan, Ardaghy, Killyneill and Castleshane.

The ecological assessment is in accordance with the National Roads Authority Guidelines for Assessment of Ecological Impacts of National Road Schemes (2004).

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6.2.1 Methodology

As stated above, the ecological assessment was carried out in accordance with the NRA Guidelines, section 3, Constraints Study (Natural Environment Section).

The study comprised: • desk study, • site visits – including the assessment of habitat potential for bird usage; and • consultations

6.2.1.1 Desk Study

The purpose of the desk study was to collate the available information on potential ecological interest within the study area. This included a review of recent colour aerial photographs (2005) in order to identify potential sensitive ecological sites within the study area, as outlined on Figure 1.1 in Appendix 5, prior to site visits.

6.2.1.2 Site Visits

Site visits were undertaken on 30th April and 1st May 2009 by Jenny Neff and Faith Wilson. Potential ecologically sensitive sites which were known from the desk study, including those identified from aerial photography were visually checked. A number of additional sites of potential interest were also identified during the site visits. Potential sites were mapped and these are shown in Appendix 2.

ASSESSMENT OF HABITAT POTENTIAL FOR BIRD SPECIES

Areas of intensively managed farmland consisting of improved agricultural grassland interwoven with a matrix of treelines, hedgerows and drainage ditches on drumlins typically support a wide range of common countryside bird species.

Although such field boundaries are significant at a local level, they are common throughout the study area.

6.2.1.3 Consultations

Consultations were undertaken as follows:

• The Development Application Unit (DAU) of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG) were contacted early in the process for information relating to

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designated sites and protected species. At the time of writing this report no response had been received from the DAU.

• The National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) of the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG) database of sites was consulted to determine if any designated conservation areas occurred within, or in close proximity to (within 10 km), the study area, and what their principal ecological interest might be. The NPWS were also contacted to determine what additional information on the ecology of the study area might be available – these included recent surveys of native woodland conducted as part of the national Native Woodland Survey, information on locations of rare, scarce and protected flora and fauna, and any habitat mapping that might be available for the area.

• BirdWatch Ireland was consulted to determine sites of interest for wintering wildfowl (I-WeBS sites) in the area.

• The Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA), an agency of the Department of Environment (DoE) in Northern Ireland, database of sites was consulted to determine if any designated conservation areas occurred within, or in close proximity to (within 10 km), the study area, and what their principal ecological interest might be.

• The Heritage Officer of Monaghan County Council was contacted regarding recent large scale wetland surveys that were conducted in the county in 2007 and 2008 (Foss 2007, Foss 2008).

6.2.2 Detailed Description

6.2.2.1 Introduction

The study area is characterised by drumlins interspersed with small wetlands and lakes. Details on these lakes are presented in Table 6-1 below in order of size (high to low). The largest of these is Emy Lough, followed by Glaslough Lake, Lambs Lough and Ballagh Lough. An additional fifteen unnamed lakes are also present.

Table 6-1 Lakes in the Study area and the potential for Annex I habitat types. Ecological Grid Lake Name Potential Annex I Habitat Type Site No. Reference Emy Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 95 H 691 439 Glaslough Lake Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 84 H 723 413 Lambs Lough Hard Water Lakes (3140) 55 H 671 358

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Ecological Grid Lake Name Potential Annex I Habitat Type Site No. Reference Ballagh Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 17 H 643 288 Corcaghan Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 1 H 649 272 Knockalurly Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 19 H 668 283 Cornaglure Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 24 H 649 301 Twin Lakes Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 26 H 661 322 Priestfield Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 26 H 650 308 Tenderages Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 70 H 683 300 Drumcaw Lough Hard Water Lakes (3140) 73 H 680 390 Killyboley Lough None listed 77 H 724 391 Tully Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 86 H 679 424 Crumlin Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 23 H 642 300 Buck Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 99 H 673 442 Aghnasedagh Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 49 H 694 340 Twin Lakes Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 26 H 657 320 Monmurry Lough None listed 101 H 713 443 Castle Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 26 H 652 314 Drumreaske Lake Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 53 H 642 350 Ardaghy Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 26 H 661 307 Astrish Lough None listed 130 H 680 480 Grove Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 94 H 671 427 Peter's Lake Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 46 H 671 339 Killycooly Lough None listed 107 H 697 449 Steensons Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 26 H 661 303 Lisnashannagh Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 7 H 668 282 Drummuck Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 18 H 654 286 Sheetrim Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 29 H 679 313 Billeses Lough None listed 61 H 673 368 Drumaclan Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 25 H 643 308 Drumibenagh Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 59 H 657 363 Ballyleck Lake Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 40 H 644 320 Tully Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 63 H 645 373 Bartles Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 26 H 659 305 Griggy Lough None listed 64 H 678 370 Mullaghaden Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110) 47 H 666 340

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There are several watercourses within the study area – the River Blackwater forms the northern boundary of the survey area along the border with Northern Ireland and also flows west to east through the study area north of Monaghan Town, the Mountain Water River is located in both the east and west of the study area near Glaslough, while the Cor River is found in the eastern section of the study area. The Ulster Canal (Ecological Site Number 51), which is now disused, passes through Monaghan Town and closely follows the route of the N54 and N12 roads.

Other habitats within the study area include improved agricultural grassland, treelines, hedgerows, scrub, immature woodland, mature broadleaved woodland, conifer plantations, drainage ditches and areas of wet grassland.

Within the study area there are many wetland habitats that may be of national or international conservation significance. Some of these are already designated as proposed Natural Heritage Areas (pNHA).

The main land use within the study area is agricultural, with some areas of coniferous forestry. There are several towns/villages including Monaghan, Clontibret, Emyvale, Knockconan, Carrickroe, Glaslough, Tydavnet, Corcaghan, Ardaghy, Killyneill and Castleshane.

6.2.2.2 Constraints

The main ecological constraints are described below in terms of designated conservation areas and sites of potential ecological interest.

DESIGNATED CONSERVATION AREAS

Designations

• Special Area of Conservation (SAC): Candidate SACs are habitats of international significance that have been identified by National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) of the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG) and submitted for designation to the EU. SAC is a statutory designation, which has a legal basis under the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) as transposed into Irish law through the European Communities (Natural Habitats) Regulations, 1997 to 2005. The main implication of this designation is that any project likely to have a significant adverse impact on the integrity of the SAC may only be carried out for “imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature”.

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• Natural Heritage Area (NHA): Proposed NHAs are also habitats or sites of interest to wildlife that have been identified by the NPWS. These sites become NHAs once they have been formally advertised and land owners have been notified of their designation. NHAs are protected under the Wildlife (Amendment) Act, 2000, from the date they are formally proposed. NHA is a statutory designation according to the Wildlife (Amended) Act, 2000 and requires consultation with the NPWS if any development impacts on a pNHA.

• Special Protection Area (SPA): SPA is a statutory designation, which has a legal basis under the EU Birds Directive (79/409/EEC). The primary objective of SPAs is to maintain or enhance the favourable conservation status of the birds for which the SPAs have been designated.

NHAs are considered to be of national importance, while SACs and SPAs are of international importance for nature conservation.

The designations of SAC and SPA have the same legal implications in Northern Ireland, whereas sites that would be designated as NHAs in the Republic of Ireland are listed as Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI).

Designated Sites within the Study Area and in the Wider Locality

There are seven designated conservation areas within the study area, as shown in Figures 6.1– 6.14 within Appendix 5 and listed in Table 6-2. These sites are all designated as proposed Natural Heritage Areas (pNHAs) and consist mostly of lakes/wetland sites, a disused canal, an area of broadleaved woodland and an area of improved agricultural grassland used by wintering Greenland white-fronted geese.

Table 6-2 Designated conservation areas within the N2 study area.

Site Name Code Status Features of Conservation Interest/Description Emy Lough 000558 pNHA Mesotrophic lake surrounded by wet fringing woodland. Of ornithological importance mainly for greylag goose. Species present include little grebe, cormorant, grey heron, mallard, tufted duck, pochard, whooper swan, moorhen, Greenland white-fronted geese and coot. Angling interest and statutory wildfowl sanctuary. Glaslough Lake 000559 pNHA Calcareous lake with populations of stoneworts (Chara spp.), reedbeds, mixed woodland, heronry, supports

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Site Name Code Status Features of Conservation Interest/Description main populations of waterfowl in the Blackwater Catchment – 11 species including mallard, coot. Roost site for overwintering Greenland white-fronted goose. Monmurray Grassland 000562 pNHA Area of improved agricultural grassland used by Greenland white-fronted geese. Drumreaske Lough 001602 pNHA Calcareous lake with populations of stoneworts (Chara spp.) and Cladium mariscus, freshwater marsh, mixed woodland. Angling interest. Ulster Canal (Aghalisk) 001611 pNHA Disused canal supporting a variety of interesting flora including Butomus umbellatus, Carex remota and stands of Iris pseudacorus. Wright's Wood 001612 pNHA Coppiced ash woodland with good ground flora. Killyhoman Marsh 001782 pNHA Small area of wet scraw, supporting marshy vegetation in an inter-drumlin hollow. Surrounded by birch woodland. Supports Sika deer and snipe.

There are fifteen additional designated conservation areas within 6 km of the study area (see Table 6-3), some of which are in close proximity to the study area. These include six pNHAs and nine Areas of Scientific Interest (ASSIs) across the border in Northern Ireland.

Table 6-3 Designated conservation areas within 5 km of the N2 study area.

Site Name Code Status Features of Conservation Interest/Description Cordoo Lough 001268 pNHA Lake surrounded by a reedbed merging into a wet meadow community. Extensive clumps of Potamogeton lucens (Shining pondweed) which is indicative of calcium rich water. Rafinny Lough 001606 pNHA Small upland oligotrophic lake with well developed floating mats occurring at its eastern and western ends. The flora exhibits a strong northern element. Locally sparse floating bur-reed (Sparganium angustifolium) occurs. Lough 001666 pNHA Small Lough situated in an area of Silurian outcrops with wet grassland.

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Site Name Code Status Features of Conservation Interest/Description Corcreeghy Lake And 001783 pNHA Undisturbed lake with a thin margin of marsh/scraw Woodland and reedbed, with extensive wet willow-alder woodland at eastern end. Marsh fern (Thelypteris palustris) a rare plant in County Monaghan is found here. Occurs in an area of shale and grits Rosefield Lake And 001784 pNHA Small calcareous lake surrounded by alder woodland. Woodland The lake contains stoneworts (Chara spp.) and is surrounded by reedbed. Mullaghmore Lake 001785 pNHA Shallow lake which is infilling and becoming colonised (South) by floating scraw, surrounded by reedbed and wet woodland. Heron colony on island. Supports good numbers of wildfowl including tufted duck, pochard, mute and whooper swan. Fymore Lough ASSI ASSI224 ASSI Mesotrophic lake; botanical and invertebrate interest. Tullybrick Lough ASSI ASSI146 ASSI Marl lake, fen. Kiltubrid Loughs ASSI ASSI031 ASSI Wetland; fen; invertebrates. Crossbane Lough ASSI ASSI183 ASSI Fen. Drumcarn ASSI ASSI182 ASSI Fen. Black Lough ASSI ASSI239 ASSI Wetland. Derrycloony LoughASSI ASSI237 ASSI Wetland. Rehaghy Wood ASSI ASSI255 ASSI Semi-natural broadleaved woodland. Lough na Blaney Bane ASSI262 ASSI Fen. ASSI A further nine designated areas occur within 6-10 km of the study area boundary. These include Slieve Beagh (a large cross border site, which spans three counties) is designated as both an SPA and NHA (Eshbrack Bog NHA) in the Republic, while other parts of the site are designated as SPA and SAC in Northern Ireland. A complex of lakes and wetlands on the border with is designated as an SAC in both jurisdictions. Six additional areas in Northern Ireland are also designated as ASSIs. Further details on these sites are presented in Table 6-4.

Table 6-4 Designated conservation areas within 6-10 km of the N2 study area.

Site Name Code Status Slieve Beagh SPA 004167 SPA Eshbrack Bog NHA 001603 NHA

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Site Name Code Status Slieve Beagh SAC UK0016622 SAC Slieve Beagh/Mullaghafad/Lisnaskea SPA UK902302 SPA Magheraveely Marl Loughs SAC UK0016621 SAC Glenmore Wood ASSI ASSI057 ASSI Slieve Beagh ASSI ASSI077 ASSI Drumacrittin Lough ASSI ASSI122 ASSI Straghans Lough ASSI ASSI179 ASSI Crossbane Lough ASSI ASSI183 ASSI Lough McCall ASSI ASSI261 ASSI

RARE AND PROTECTED PLANT SPECIES

There are currently no records of rare and protected plant species from within the study area as presented on the NPWS online map viewer (http://www.npws.ie/en/MapsData), however consultation with staff in the research section of NPWS identified the presence of three rare, scarce and threatened species (Large bitter-cress, Small cudweed and Heath cudweed) from within the study area.

Large bitter-cress (Cardamine armara) has been recorded from near Edenmore Woods (H 660 430) ecological site number 85, Glaslough Lake (H 728 425) ecological site number 84, and west of New Mills (H 716 389) during the rare, scarce and threatened plant survey of County Monaghan in 2006.

There are historic records dating from the late 1800s and early 1900s of Small cudweed (Fliago minima) and Heath cudweed (Gnaphalium sylvaticum) from the townland of Faulkland, which is in the centre of the study area, northeast of Monaghan Town, while heath cudweed has also been recorded from Monaghan Town.

Additional sites for rare and protected plant species, currently unidentified, should be expected.

WINTERING WILDFOWL

The study area contains a wealth of lakes, wetlands and watercourses, many of which are used by wintering waders and wildfowl and are counted annually by BirdWatch Ireland volunteers as part of the Irish Wetland Bird Survey (I-WeBS). However none of these sites are currently

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Table 6-5 Lakes and wetland sites counted under I-WebS scheme within the study area.

Site Name Sub-site Name Ecological Site No. Blackwater Catchment Killy Lough 53 Blackwater Catchment Drumreaske Lake 24 Finn-Lacky Catchment Cornaglare Lake Tullynarney 18 Finn-Lacky Catchment Drummuck Lough (Stranoden) 26 Finn-Lacky Catchment Rossmore Lakes 86 Blackwater Catchment Tully Lough Emyvale 95 Blackwater Catchment Emy Lough 101 and 84 Blackwater Catchment Monmurry Lough & Glaslough 84 Blackwater Catchment Glaslough 53

NATIVE WOODLANDS

Woodland sites within the study area, which have been surveyed as part of the National Native Woodland Survey (BEC, 2008), are presented in Table 6-6.

Table 6-6 Woodland sites surveyed as part of the National Native Woodland Survey within the study area (BEC, 2008). Habitats Present NWS Conservation NWS Ecological Site Name (Fossitt, 2000) Rating and Score Site No. Site No. Old Wood WN6 Moderate (52/100) 0404 84 Nut Wood WD1 Moderate (54/100) 0406 91 Derryveen Wood WN7 Moderate (58/100) 0407 80 Drummully Wood WN2/WD1 Moderate (48/100) 0409 93 Derrynashallog WN2 Moderate (54/100) 0410 93 Castleshane Demesne Woods WN2/WD2 Moderate (52/100) 0416 34 Tonyhamigan WD1 Poor (24/100) 0496 84 Killyconigan WN2 Moderate (48/100) 1158 84

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WETLANDS

Wetland sites within the study area, which were surveyed during the County Monaghan Wetland Surveys (Foss, 2007, 2008) are presented in Table 6-7. Some of these sites which are currently undesignated are candidate Natural Heritage Areas (cNHAs) and as such have been assigned a site code by NPWS and are listed as such but no site boundaries have been drawn up.

Table 6-7 Wetland sites surveyed as part of the County Monaghan Wetland Surveys (Foss, 2007, 2008). Habitats Present Site Code/ Fen Survey Site Ecological Site Name (Fossitt, 2000/Annex I) MWS Site No Rating Site No. Lisnalee PF2, PF3, PB4, BL3, FW4, 002893 E (Low Local 8 GA1, GS4, HD1, WL1, WS1, Conservation Value) Transition Mire 7140 Cornaglare Lough FS1, FL, GS4, WN6, PF3, MFS-01 B (NHA status) 24 PB4, WS1

Killyhoman Marsh WS1, FW4, GS4, HD1, WL1 001782 E (Low Local 160 pNHA Conservation Value) Priestfield Lough FL4, WS1, BL3, GM1, WD2 002614 C+ (County 26 cNHA Conservation Value) Killyneill Fen PF2, PF3, GM1, GS4, WN6, 002755 B (NHA status) 50 cNHA GA1,WS1, WL1, HH3, BL3, FW4, ED2, Transition Mire 7140 Sheetrim Fen FL5, WN7, FS1, ED2, FW4 002892 C (High Local 29 cNHA Conservation Value) Greaghglas Fen GM1, GS4, GA1, WN6, FW4, 002897 C+ (County 30 cNHA WL1 Conservation Value) Crumlin Lough PF3, WN6, GM1, FL, GS4, MFS-04 C+ (County 23 ED2, Transition Mire 7140 Conservation Value) Killyboley Lough FL4, FS1, FW4, GA1, GS4, MFS-29 C+ (County 77 & 78 WL1, WN6 Conservation Value) Killycooley Lough GS4, PF3, WN6, FS1, FL, MFS-8 B (NHA status) 107 GA1, WL1, FW4, Transition Mire 7140

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SITES OF POTENTIAL ECOLOGICAL VALUE

Areas of semi-natural habitat that are considered to be of potential ecological value (including those areas which are not currently designated for conservation) were identified initially from aerial photographs and from desk research (designated sites, sites counted as part of I-WeBS counts, sites surveyed as part of the wetland survey of County Monaghan (Foss 2007, 2008), sites surveyed during the National Native Woodland Survey (BEC, 2008), etc.). These are called potential ecological sites. A field survey to gain an understanding of the general ecology of the study area and determine the principal habitats present and their potential ecological interest was conducted on the 30th April and 1st May 2009.

In the absence of detailed field surveys for each site, these sites have not been given an ecological rating in accordance with the NRA guidelines. In total, 150 additional sites of potential ecological value have been identified in the study area (see Appendix 2). The principal habitats noted during the field visit for each potential ecological site are described. For those sites, which were not surveyed in the field the aerial photographs were examined and the likely habitats identified.

6.3 Mammal Survey

6.3.1 Introduction

In order to assess the potential impacts of a realigned road on the mammal fauna of a hinterland and to create the conditions for a route of low impact upon that fauna, it is necessary to identify sites that are known to have good diversity or that are likely to be good refugia for mammals based upon the characteristics of the site and the availability of good feeding sites and alternative shelters for this fauna.

In general, faunal constraints studies interpret the available data in a desktop study, contact with relevant statutory bodies, voluntary organisations and individuals and available databases. This provides for information of varying levels of detail dependant upon the presence of previous studies, high levels of survey work by the NPWS, voluntary bodies or individuals.

Most of Ireland’s mammals are protected under the Wildlife Act (1976) and the more recent updating of this legislation (Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000). In conjunction with the enactment of

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This assessment is provided for an area within which otters are a certainty and lesser horseshoe bats are entirely absent. Hence, the only mammal species with Annex II protection under the Habitats Directive is the otter.

The aim of the study is to earmark the most significant sites within the area through which a realigned route may potentially pass. This process is very successful on a gross scale for avoiding areas of floral diversity, geological significance and known national or international sites but may be difficult for mammal sites that are more hidden such as bat roosts, pine marten and squirrel sites.

Data on the distribution of mammals throughout Ireland is available on a gross level but the actual occurrence on the local level would clearly be beyond the scope of all databases with the exception of the records of Bat Conservation Ireland. The examination of the actual distribution of the mammal fauna of the study area is beyond the scope of this assessment as a thorough identification of the mammal fauna necessitates walking proposed routes as well as a buffer zone of a chosen width to determine where protected species of mammal live, feed and traverse the proposed road.

This assessment incorporates the evaluation of aerial photographs of the north Monaghan region and known ecological sites with a visual examination of the landscape and an examination of the entire area on site.

Road construction and subsequent operation create a number of significant short-term and long- term risks for the resident Irish mammal fauna, in addition to impacts upon other vertebrates and invertebrates. The construction of the road itself may involve the removal of key features of the surrounding environment and of the habitats of many mammal species, such as trees, hedgerow lines, and streams. The most damaging operation is the destruction of mammal dwellings during the vegetation clearance and early earthworks.

Many mammals that have legal protection are at risk from this including bats, badgers, otters, pine martens and hares to name but a few. While larger mammals such as badgers and otters may be monitored once their presence is known, bats pose a greater challenge due to their life cycle, small size, secretive and nocturnal habits and their choice of resting places at ground level (or

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 6-14 subterranean) or as high as treetops, house attics or even apartment blocks. Records of bats for an area are likely to be incomplete and skewed towards the most common species.

With an apparent expansion of the range of the pine marten (Martes martes), the issue of road deaths in this species has become a consideration. This species is known from Tyrone, Fermanagh, and Cavan and it is highly probable that it is present in this part of Monaghan. It has been observed and recorded at the Dartry estate, to the west of this area.

6.3.2 Methodology

The principle behind this evaluation is an examination of known records from the site with supplementary assessment of the landscape and an evaluation of the ecological sites identified as worthy of consideration in the Flora and Fauna assessment.

Contact with National Parks and Wildlife Service of the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government was made through two current Conservation Rangers that deal or have dealt with the Monaghan region and a former Conservation Ranger currently running a Wildlife Information Centre in Clontibret.

In addition, the data of the NPWS relating to ecologically sensitive sites was evaluated for the area and for County Monaghan as a whole.

Data from a website of records and information on the fauna of the island was examined for any records of mammals within the study area.

The records of Bat Conservation Ireland were examined for all data relating to the Monaghan region.

Surveys of the area and of other parts of Monaghan were reviewed for data on the mammal fauna encountered from the period 2003 to the present.

In addition to this, any other sites with high mammal potential were included. These sites by themselves would not be apparent from an aerial photograph or examination of previous records unless such sites have been specifically targeted for study by the NPWS or other organisations.

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The entire constraints study area was examined between the dates 27th and 30th April 2009 and a note made of potential for mammals and photographs of the more important sites are included within this report. Examination of some structures was undertaken to establish whether these structures should feature as potential resting places for mammals such as bats or important marking sites for otters.

6.3.3 Detailed Description

A list of the mammal fauna known to occur in the study area and surrounding parts of Counties Monaghan, Tyrone and Armagh is available in Appendix 2.

The legal status for all mammal species with the exception of the otter is Annex IV of the Habitats Directive as implemented in the Republic of Ireland by national transcription of EU directives (Wildlife Act (1976) and Wildlife (Amendment) Act (2000)), SI No. 94 of 1997 (“Habitats” Directive), SI No. 378 of 2005 implementing the EU Habitats Directive and further amending the implementation of the Wildlife Act, Bonn Convention (The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animal), Eurobats and the Bern Convention (Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats).

The otter is afforded Annex II protection and has a higher level of protection and the potential for designation of an important site as a Special Area of Conservation and the notification of the European Commission of any action likely to affect important sites of breeding or shelter for this species.

The areas of greatest significance for mammals include: • Castle Leslie and Glaslough Lake – several bat species in castle buildings and numerous buildings, high quality feeding especially with the presence of horses etc. The lake is a proposed Natural Heritage Area. Glaslough is the site of fallow deer, a species also found in various parts of the county including Rockcorry and potentially Castleshane estate. Forestry fencing in the area to the north of the county and bordering with Tyrone also indicates the presence of deer.

• Emy Lough provides high quality feeding for swallows and martins and is therefore likely to be a high quality site for bats. There is only limited tree cover and it is unlikely that it is a site for high numbers of red squirrel or pine marten.

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• Castleshane estate has dense tree cover with principally coniferous species but with mature beech and other deciduous tree species. This is a likely site for red squirrels or pine marten (if present in the area) and evidence of badgers was noted during fieldwork.

Bat roost records for Monaghan indicate the presence of a variety of species at Castle Leslie and surveys carried out for the N2 Clontibret to Castleblayney and N2 Carrickmacross Bypass and Heritage Council Surveys. There are observations of bats such as the common and soprano pipistrelle in Monaghan Town centre while the less common Irish bat species including Natterer’s bat and whiskered/Brandt’s bats have been noted in the Clontibret, Castleblayney and Carrickmacross vicinities.

The NHA at Eshbrack bog (Site Code 001603) is not likely to be an important mammal site and lies over 10 km from the body of the study area.

Kilroosky Lough complex is close to Clones and is sufficiently removed to have no relevance for mammals other than bats.

There are several areas where bat roost and feeding potential is high such as at Mullanderg/ Glebe (north of Mount Anketell), Glennan (close to Glaslough), Scarnageeragh/Inishdevlin southwest of Emyvale, Killyneill. At these sites, there is a combination of buildings (churches, schools or farm buildings), mature trees and a water course.

Discussions with a former Conservation Ranger for Monaghan provided information on the presence of otters in the area of Emyvale to Aughnacloy and Irish hares released in this area by the Cavan Coursing Club.

Pine martens were noted in the Carrickmacross area, Lough Muckno and at Dartry estate, Rockcorry.

The current Conservation Ranger reported that pine martens are not commonly encountered and there is little evidence of their presence in the area. There have been no sightings of red squirrels for several years and the last sighting was in the northern area close to the Tyrone and Fermanagh borders. Areas such as Castleshane are known to hold grey squirrels but no evidence of red squirrels has been gathered in recent years.

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A former Conservation Ranger living in Clontibret provided information relating to current mammal observations and historical observations.

Castleshane demesne was formerly a stronghold for red squirrels with as many as 20 individuals observable at a single sitting. There would appear to be no red squirrels present here now while grey squirrels are abundant.

In 2008, there were five reports of red squirrel in the surrounding area including in , Scotch House and Clones. At least one of these was a verified road kill specimen.

Pine marten are within the study area based on the live trapping and subsequent release of an individual between Glaslough and Emyvale in 2007. Pine marten are known to occur in the area of Monaghan approaching the Tyrone border. This is a heavily wooded area and it is no surprise that this species would be present. Equally, one would expect red squirrels here.

Pine martens are also present in forestry at Rossmore Park between Monaghan Town and Clones.

6.4 Conclusions

The total number of potential ecological sites occurring in the N2 study area is 150 in addition to seven designated areas, as summarised in Appendix 2. The undesignated potential ecological sites identified are typically either wetland sites associated with lakes/naturally infilling lakes and areas of deciduous and/or coniferous woodland. Some of these sites have been added to the list of sites of conservation value held by NPWS and as such given a six digit site code and are listed as candidate Natural Heritage Areas (cNHAs).

6.4.1 Designated Conservation Areas

There are seven designated conservation areas within or adjacent to the boundaries of the study area (see Table 6-2), all of which are designated as pNHAs. These sites are all rated as B sites. These are typically either lakes, wetlands, wooded areas or areas of interest for wintering wildfowl. They include Emy Lough, Glaslough Lake, Drumreaske Lough, Monmurray Grassland, Ulster Canal (Aghalisk), Wright's Wood and Killyhoman Marsh. It is recommended that the route

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Table 6-8 Designated ecological sites in or adjacent to the N2 study area. For details of site ratings see Appendix 2.

Rating Ecological Importance Number of Ecological Sites B National or regional importance (pNHAs) 7

6.4.2 Potential Ecological Sites

There are 153 other non-designated sites of potential ecological value that vary greatly in size and quality and have a scattered distribution throughout the study area (see Appendix 2).

Of the ten wetland sites, which were surveyed as part of the Monaghan Fen Survey, three sites (Cornaglare Lough (Ecological Site No. 24), Killyneill Fen cNHA (Ecological Site No. 50), and Killycooley Lough (Ecological Site No. 107)) were ranked as B sites (of national importance), four sites (Priestfield Lough cNHA (Ecological Site No. 26), Greaghglas Fen cNHA (Ecological Site No. 30), Crumlin Lough (Ecological Site No. 23) and Killyboley Lough (Ecological Sites No. 77 & 78)) were ranked as C+ sites (of county importance), Sheetrim Fen cNHA (Ecological Site No. 29) was ranked as a C site (high local importance) and two (Killyhoman Marsh pNHA and Lisnalee (Ecological Site No. 8)) were ranked as E sites (low local value).

Of the eight woodland sites which were surveyed as part of the Native Woodland Survey seven sites (Old Wood (Ecological Site No. 84), Nut Wood (Ecological Site No. 91), Derryveen Wood (Ecological Site No. 80), Drummully Wood (Ecological Site No. 93), Derrynashallog (Ecological Site No. 93), Castleshane Demesne Woods (Ecological Site No. 34), and Killyconigan (Ecological Site No. 84)), were given a moderate conservation rating and one (Tonyhamigan (Ecological Site No. 84)) was given a poor rating.

Following a detailed walkover survey at the route selection stage any other potential ecological sites identified will be similarly ranked as A, B, C+, C, D or E. Additional sites may be located during site inspections at the route selection stage. Many sites identified consist of small wetlands and areas of woodland on drumlin slopes, many of which may be of high conservation value.

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Notwithstanding the large number of sites within the study area of ecological value and ecological potential, it is considered that should be possible to devise a feasible route which avoids those sites of greater value – including the designated sites - and most, if not all, of identified sites of lower potential value.

Further detailed recommendations on sites which should be avoided for mammal interest is provided below:

• Avoidance of Glaslough Lake and Castle Leslie Estate: This site may be the most significant for mammals and other fauna within the entire area given the presence of a variety of mature trees both deciduous and coniferous, a lake, river, ponds, grasslands and grazing animals and a variety of buildings. This is the most likely site for the greatest diversity of mammals. There is a possibility of red squirrel, pine marten and otter and a probability of badger and other species and the bat fauna is known to include several species.

• Avoidance of Emy Lough: This lake has less vegetative cover than the above site but nonetheless there is potential for good feeding for bats and otters. Between the two lakes, Glennan is an area with a number of buildings very suitable for bats and a river (Mountain Water) with good otter potential especially given its connection to Glaslough Lake and sites to the northeast around Caledon in Armagh.

• Avoidance of Lakeshore and Scrub: In general, the scrub around the various smaller lakes (e.g. Astrish, Monmurray, Grove, Killyboley, Shelvins, Aghnasedagh and Drumcaw Loughs) may be advantageous to bats (and insectivorous birds such as warblers etc). This scrub should be avoided where possible. Lakeshore is often a rich resource and the intersection of this vegetation may create conditions where bats are feeding to each side of a major road and are liable to enter unto or traverse the road.

• Avoidance of Mature Broadleaved Trees or Long-Established Conifers: Mature trees are of most benefit to mammals especially squirrels, pine marten and bats. The Castleshane demesne possibly holds the potential for re-establishing red squirrel in this area of Monaghan and may be a site for pine martens. There are both conifers and mature beech within this plantation and there is potential for bats here, both resident and commuting individuals, feeding in wet areas, in woodland clearings and on woodland edge.

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• Avoidance of Ringforts: Aside from the archaeological value of ringforts, there is often a vegetation cover present and a suitable protected area for badgers to create setts. Setts here are normally unaffected by agricultural works and are some of the safest setts.

• Avoiding or Intersecting Forestry to one Edge rather than Centrally: It is advisable to avoid forestry or to pass through it at an edge only. Passing through the middle of forestry leaves the difficulty of creating a barrier to movement from one side to another. Squirrels, bats, deer and pine marten are placed at much greater risk by such a situation as they will cross over the road to reach each side of the remaining forest.

• Crossing a river quickly rather than travelling obliquely (approximately parallel) before passing over is more disruptive to mammals to have a road run parallel to a river over a long distance than to cross quickly over a river. Hence, it is best that the Blackwater, Cor, Mountain Water and various tributaries are crossed at as close to a 90° angle as possible to reduce the area of contact between the road and river. Mitigation for mammals (bats and otters) and birds is more easily implemented in such circumstances.

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7 Geology and Hydrogeology

7.1 Introduction

This section considers the geological and hydrogeological constraints in the study area for the proposed N2 Clontibret to Aughnacloy road scheme. The study area extends approximately 6 km to the south of Monaghan and approximately 8 km to the north of Emyvale. The constraints area extends between 3 km and 6 km west and east of the N2. The two main towns in the study area are Monaghan and Emyvale.

7.2 Methodology and Sources of Information

The NRA Guidelines for the assessment and treatment of geology, hydrology and hydrogeology for National Road Schemes (Draft, June 2008) have been complied with in the preparation of this chapter.

In order to identify the constraints for the study area with respect to geology and hydrogeology a desk study has been completed of the relevant published information and in consultation with the relevant bodies. These have been referenced throughout the chapter and a full list included as references.

7.3 Detailed Description

7.3.1 Geomorphology

A study of the Ordnance Survey of Ireland 1:50,000 scale maps for the area indicates the main geological features for the area to be lakes and drumlins. Based on this information it is possible to see a change in the geomorphology of the constraints area in landscape type from south of Monaghan Town to that to the north. The more elevated ground observed to the south of Monaghan is underlain by the Ordovician/Silurian metasediments and volcanics. The ground to the north of Monaghan underlain by the Dinantian sedimentary formations of sandstone, shales and limestones, forms a relatively low lying and gently rolling landscape. This low lying area has clay rich till which has been deposited under heavy ice pressures meaning that it is difficult for water to percolate through making the land wet and difficult to drain. As a consequence there are a number of small water bodies and loughs observed, for example Emy Lough and Glaslough Lake.

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The study area falls within the catchment of the River Blackwater; this enters the constraints area flowing in a southeasterly direction. The Blackwater is joined by two further rivers, which pass through the study area, named the Mountain Water and the Cor River. The Mountain Water flows from the east near Emyvale and joins the Blackwater approximately 1.5 km to the northeast of Glaslough at which point the Blackwater changes direction dramatically and flows in a northeasterly direction. The southern area of the study area is drained by the Cor River which enters the Blackwater approximately 2 km further east than the Mountain Water.

7.3.2 Solid Geology

The Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) bedrock map for the study area is Sheet 8. Dinantian Sandstones, shales and limestones to the north of Monaghan Town and Ordovician/Silurian Metasediments and volcanics to the south typically comprising turbidites, greywacke and argillites underlie the study area. The bedrock Geology is shown in Figures 7.1–7.3 within Appendix 5.

7.3.3 Dinantian Bedrock

The Dinantian bedrock units encountered are the youngest within the study area and unconformably overlie the Ordovician/Silurian Metasediments and volcanics. These units are encountered in the areas to the north of Monaghan.

The units encountered from Monaghan heading to the northern extent of the study area are tabulated below:

Table 7-1 Summary of Dinantian Geological Units in order encountered heading north from Monaghan.

Geological Unit* Description Fearnaght Formation Pale conglomerate and red sandstone Cooldaragh Formation Pale brown-grey flaggy, silty mudstone Ulster Canal Formation Calcareous sandstone, shale, micrite Ballysteen Formation Dark muddy limestone, shale Ballyshannon Formation Crinoidal limestone and silty shale Dartry Limestone Formation Dark fine-grained cherty limestone Bundoran Shale Formation Dark shale, minor fine grained limestone Benbulben Shale Formation Calcareous shale with minor calcarenite

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Geological Unit* Description Maydown Limestone Formation Argillaceous limestone and siltstone Carrickaness Sandstone Formation Sandstone, siltstone and mudstone

*Not in stratigraphical order.

7.3.4 Ordovician/Silurian Metasediments and Volcanics

These units are encountered in the area to the south of Monaghan and generally comprise turbidites, greywacke and argillites. The oldest of the formations in this area is the Coronea Formation (turbidite, red shale, minor volcanics), encountered to the south of Monaghan Town. The units encountered towards Clontibret are younger, the units moving south are the Red Island Formation (greywacke, microconglomerate and argillite), Shanmullagh Mill Formation (argillite and thin turbidite) and the Ballygreany Formation (greywacke massive sandstone and argillite). GSI data indicates the presence of significant bedrock outcrops of the geological formations in the area surrounding Clontibret.

7.3.5 Summary

In summary, the bedrock geology to the north of Monaghan Town poses no major constraint. To the south of Monaghan Town areas of bedrock outcrops are mapped which may require cutting to be formed. In these areas rock extracted for the formation of cutting may be suitable for re-use during the construction phase of the road. Where rock outcrops are encountered to the north of the study area they are likely to be softer compared to those in the southern part of the study area to form cuttings although this would need to be assessed on site. The geology in the area runs from north to south and therefore the N2 route is likely to encounter each of the rock types. In areas where limestone is encountered care should be taken as there is the potential for karst solution features (see Section 7.3.6.3).

7.3.6 Superficial Deposits

7.3.6.1 Soils and Subsoils

A review of the Teagasc sub soil data for the area identified for the constraints study indicates there to be two main subsoil types found in the area. The subsoil type found in the area extending from Monaghan Town to the northern boundary is Till derived from mixed Devonian and Carboniferous rocks generally sandstone. This material should be stable and form good founding

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This data also indicates small areas of Glaciofluvial sands and gravels situated to the north of Monaghan Town around Emyvale and again to the east of Monaghan Town. To the northeast of Monaghan Town near Glaslough there is an area of Peaty ground indicated. The sub soil data also indicates the presence of Alluvium associated with watercourses in the constraints area. These deposits may be consistent with a high water table, or large volumes of water which may require dewatering during any excavation works.

7.3.6.2 Unstable Ground

There are two main deposits identified within the constraints area as being potentially unstable ground. These are Peat and Alluvial deposits.

The majority of the peaty ground is identified in the northern part of the constraints area in particular around Emyvale and to the east of the N2 around Glaslough as indicated on Figures 15.4–15.6 within Appendix 5. There are also small deposits of peat noted throughout the northern part of the study area.

Alluvial deposits are associated with watercourses in the area, with significant deposits noted to the east of Monaghan Town close to Castleshane and the Cor River. Further deposits are noted in the northern part of the constraints area in particular around Emyvale, these deposits are associated with the Mountain Water. To the north of Emyvale at Killycorran there are further alluvial deposits associated with a number of small, unnamed streams shown in this area. These areas can be prone to poor foundation conditions and may have high water tables leading to difficult excavation conditions.

7.3.6.3 Karst Solution Features

A review of the GSI database for the constraints area involved in this study does not indicate the presence of significant Karst solution features in this area. The database indicates a spring situated at Mullanacross to the north of Emyvale as the only potential karst feature within the study area. An area of the Limestone aquifer underlying the constraints area to the north of Monaghan Town is considered to be controlled by karst features and should be considered as an

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7.3.6.4 Slope Stability

A review of the GSI database of historical landslides in Ireland shows that no landslide events are recorded within the constraints area. There are a number of areas where potential slope stability issues may need to be considered if cuts are made. These are areas where there are significant slopes and peaty or alluvial deposits which when disturbed may become unstable. A more detailed assessment of these areas should be carried out during the route selection stage.

Where cuttings may be required it is important to identify the orientation of present discontinuities, their condition and also the extent of weathering present in order to establish their stability, this work should be carried out during the detailed site investigation.

Slope stability issues should also be considered within the Limestone formations encountered within the constraints area due of potential Karst solution features.

In areas where the road is cut into deposits of thick subsoil and particularly in areas where the groundwater table is high further consideration to slope stability should be given.

7.3.6.5 Mining Areas

Historical data indicates the presence of three disused mines in the area surrounding Clontibret. As a result of the potential for below ground workings there may be concerns in this area regarding the stability of the ground conditions. The locations of the mines are indicated on Figures 7.10–7.12 contained in Appendix 5. The table below summarises the historic mine working identified within the study area.

Table 7-2 Summary of historic mine workings.

ID Number Status Mineral Townland M-01 Mine Disused Gold in Antimony/lead deposits Tullybuck/Lisgla M-02 Mine Disused Lead Gallagh M-03 Mine Disused Lead/zinc Kilcrow

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7.3.7 Man Made Features

7.3.7.1 Quarries

The limestone Donagh quarry at Mullaghbane is the only active quarry in the study area (as shown on Figure 7.11, Appendix 5). It is noted that there is potential for sourcing road building materials from the quarrying operations in the area.

7.3.7.2 Landfills and Contaminated Sites

Since 1996 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been licensing certain operations within the waste sector including landfills, transfer stations, hazardous waste disposal and other waste disposal and recovery activities. The EPA database indicated the presence of two facilities within the constraints area. Both operations are involved in the composting of organic waste. The sites are situated at Castleshane (Licence No. W0121-01) (Site W-01 on Figure 7.10) to the east of Monaghan Town and at Carrickroe (Licence No. W0118-01 ) situated northwest of Emyvale (now closed). Monaghan County Council has identified one historical landfill site within the constraints area, this is located 1.5 km to the northwest of Castleshane. It is understood to be a small historic private landfill, which was formerly Dromore Quarry. There are no details on the extent or volume of materials tipped in this location. The location of this site is shown on Figure 7.10 within Appendix 5.

7.3.7.3 Licensed Industrial and Agricultural Facilities

The EPA has been regulating certain industrial and agricultural processes since 1994. The introduction of the Protection of the Environment Act, 2003 led to the introduction of the Integrated Pollution Prevention Control (IPPC) Directive. Further details of the IPPC licensing directive are presented in the EPA Acts 1992 to 2007.

A review of the database of IPPC licensed facilities has identified a number of operations within the study area, these are presented on Figures 7.10–7.12 (Appendix 5) and summarised in the table below.

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Table 7-3 Summary of Active IPPC Licences within Constraints Area. ID Licence Number Name Activity Number Status IPPC-01 Monaghan Poultry Products Rendering of animal products P0044-02 Closed Ltd IPPC-02 Norbrook Manufacturing Ltd Chemical Manufacture P0101-02 Licensed IPPC-03 Woodland Products Ltd Surface coatings P0198-01 Licensed IPPC-04 Woodroe Ltd Wood, paper, textiles and leather P0349-01 Licensed IPPC-05 IJM Timber Engineering Ltd Wood, paper, textiles and leather P0363-01 Licensed IPPC-06 Silver Hill Foods Intensive agriculture P0422-02 Licensed IPPC-07 Mr John Erskine Intensive agriculture P0696-01 Licensed IPPC-08 Town of Monaghan Co-op Food and drink P0815-01 Licensed IPPC-09 Mr Seamas Treanor Intensive agriculture P0854-01 Licensed

It should be noted that there may be licence applications being processed that may come into effect during the timescale of this project.

7.3.8 Hydrogeology

7.3.8.1 Aquifer Type and Classification

In order that differing aquifers can be identified the Geological Survey of Ireland has established a classification system. This system is based on the hydrogeological characteristics, size and productivity of the groundwater resource. The three main classifications are Regionally Important Aquifers, Locally Important Aquifers and Poor Aquifers. These main classes are further subdivided taking into account transmissivity, productivity, yield and potential springs associated with it. The aquifer classifications for the constraints area are indicated on Figures 7.4–7.6 contained in Appendix 5.

Due to the presence of varying lithologies within the constraints area there are a number of differing classifications encountered within the study area. The area to the south of Monaghan is classified as a Poor Aquifer, where bedrock is generally unproductive except for in local zones. The area around Monaghan is slightly more complicated with a number of differing aquifer classifications with areas of Regionally Important Aquifer either controlled by fissured bedrock or karstified. Further north the aquifer classification changes to a Locally Important Aquifer where bedrock is moderately productive but only in local zones. The area extending north of Emyvale to the extent of the constraints zone is classified as a Locally Important Aquifer where bedrock is

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Table 7-4 Summary of Aquifer Classification and Lithologies encountered.

Aquifer Classification Lithology Lm Carrickaness Sandstone Formation Maydown Limestone Formation LI Benbulben Shale Formation Rf Bundoran Shale Formation Rk Dartry Limestone Formation Ballyshannon Formation Rf Ballysteen Formation Cooldaragh Formation Fearnaght Formation PI Slieve Glah Formation Red Island Formation Shanmullagh Mill Formation Ballygreany Formation Coronea Formation

7.3.8.2 Groundwater Vulnerability

Vulnerability is a term used to establish the ease with which a groundwater body may be contaminated by external factors. The travel time and quantity of contaminants and the attenuation capacity of the overlying deposits determine the vulnerability rating. This is based on the thickness of the unsaturated zone, permeability of the overlying soils and the type of recharge. Table 7-5 below indicates vulnerability classification as published by the GSI.

Table 7-5 GSI Vulnerability Mapping Guidelines. Hydrogeological Conditions Subsoil Permeability (Type) and Thickness Unsaturated Karst High Moderate Low Permeability Zone Features Vulnerability Permeability Permeability (e.g. clayey (sand/gravel (<30 m Rating (sand/gravel) (sandy subsoil) subsoil, clay, peat) aquifers only) radius) Extreme (E) 0–3.0 m 0–3.0 m 0–3.0 m 0–3.0 m - High (H) >3.0 m 3.0–10.0 m 3.0–5.0 m >3.0 m N/A

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Hydrogeological Conditions Subsoil Permeability (Type) and Thickness Unsaturated Karst High Moderate Low Permeability Zone Features Vulnerability Permeability Permeability (e.g. clayey (sand/gravel (<30 m Rating (sand/gravel) (sandy subsoil) subsoil, clay, peat) aquifers only) radius) Moderate (M) N/A >10.0 m 5.0–10.0 m N/A N/A Low (L) N/A N/A >10.0 m N/A N/A

Notes: (1) N/A = Not applicable. (2) Precise permeability values cannot be given at present. (3) Release point of contaminants is assumed to 1–2 m below ground surface.

The GSI have compiled vulnerability maps for the country using six classifications. Extreme is segregated into two with ‘Extreme’ and ‘Extreme Rock Near Surface or Karst’ and further classification of ‘High-Low’ indicating that only an interim study has been completed in this area.

The ratings for the constraints area are indicated on Figures 7.7–7.9 of Appendix 5. These show that the area has a varied rating from low to extreme and rock near surface or karst. The area to the south of Monaghan has the higher concentration of extreme rating with the low rating becoming more prevalent as you move north through the constraints area.

7.3.8.3 Groundwater Resources

This section refers to any groundwater abstractions for local authorities, commercial/industrial or group water schemes. In order to protect certain aspects of these abstractions, source protection zones have been developed in order to protect them by placing tighter controls on activities occurring within all or part of the zone of contribution (ZOC) of the source. As part of this scheme source protection areas are defined around a source, these comprise of inner and outer protection zones, which are defined by the travel time of potential contaminants.

There are a significant number of sources identified within the constraints area, of these only three source protection areas have been identified (these are shown on Figures 7.10–7.12, Appendix 5). Within the source protection areas, nine inner protection zones have been identified relating to Monaghan Town Water supply scheme. There are also a number group water schemes in the area surrounding Monaghan Town and Glaslough. The remainder of the wells are either supplying private individuals or commercial premises.

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There is potential for groundwater resources to be impacted by the development of road schemes through dewatering and through accidental contamination. Where the road scheme passes through a source protection area or close to a local abstraction care should be taken to ensure that any potential impacts are minimised.

7.3.8.4 Ecology

Groundwater dependent habitats may be impacted by road schemes through accidental contamination, localised flooding or the alteration of base-flow supplies to fens and marshlands causing the area to dry out. If the road scheme runs through or is close to an ecologically sensitive area then the design of the scheme should mitigate any impacts and monitoring will be put in place to ensure that the scheme will have minimal impact.

There are a number of groundwater dependent terrestrial ecosystems located within the study area and these are discussed more fully in Chapter 6 (Ecology).

7.4 Conclusions

7.4.1 Inventory of Hydrogeological Constraints

There is potential for the presence of karst features within the area to the north of Monaghan and should be considered as a potential risk.

There are a significant number of groundwater supplies within the constraints zone with areas around Monaghan Town being mapped with source protection areas. There are also groundwater dependent ecosystems throughout the study area.

7.4.2 Overview of Constraints in the Area

The geological and hydrogeological constraints are identified on the constraints maps. The key constraints for the area of concern are:

7.4.2.1 Geological

• Soft ground including peat and alluvial deposits. • Bedrock outcrops in area surrounding Clontibret.

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• Karst features, there is potential for karst features within the area just to the north of Monaghan Town. • There are two quarries identified within the constraints area – Donagh Quarry and Watterson Quarry. • Landfills and contaminated sites – there are no registered landfills within the constraints area. • There are a number of IPPC licensed facilities identified within the constraints area, these are identified on the constraints plans.

7.4.2.2 Hydrogeological

• Karst – only one spring is noted within the constraints area situated to the northwest of Emyvale. There is potential for further karst features in the area north of Monaghan as this is indicated to be a karst aquifer.

• There are a significant number of groundwater supply wells within the constraints area. A number of source protection areas have been identified in the area around Monaghan Town for the water supply scheme. A further more detailed assessment may identify further public water supplies in the area.

• There are a number of dispersed groundwater dependent terrestrial habitats within the study area.

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8 Hydrology and Drainage

8.1 Introduction

The section considers the water quality, aquatic ecology and fisheries aspects of the constraints study area (see Figures 8.1–8.3, Appendix 5).

8.2 Methodology

The site was visited in late April for a drive over survey to view some of the areas of interest, e.g. Emy Lough and Glaslough and to appraise the drainage within the context of the local drumlin landscape.

Consultations were held (by phone) with officers of the Eastern Regional Fisheries Board (Dundalk District) and a representative of Monaghan angling groups.

Water and water quality issues were briefly discussed (by phone) with representatives of the EPA (in Monaghan) and Monaghan County Council.

Online mapping, publications and other information resources of the following organisations were consulted: Environmental Protection Agency, Monaghan County Council, Eastern Regional Fisheries Board, National Parks and Wildlife Service, DOE/Environment and Heritage Service of Northern Ireland and Monaghan angling organisations.

8.3 Detailed Description

8.3.1 Protected Areas

The constraints study area contains no Special Areas of Conservation or Natural Heritage Areas with an aquatic character.

8.3.2 Drainage

The study area is drained by four main river channels all of which are tributaries of the same river namely the Ulster Blackwater that flows into Lough Neagh. The first of these, the main Ulster Blackwater, which flows northwest to southeast forms the northern boundary of the study area

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 8-2 and the boundary between County Monaghan to the south and to the north. The Mountain Water, which flows mainly east to west across the upper third of the study area passes just south of Emy Lough and Emyvale village, while the Monaghan Blackwater takes a meandering west to east route across the southern third of the study area, passing just to the north of Monaghan Town. Finally another watercourse, alternatively known as the Clontibret Stream and later the Cor River, flows in a generally northern direction close to the southeastern sector of the study area.

Each of these channels has been heavily drained within the study area, which in turn has impacted negatively on their ecology and water quality over the years. According to data published by the EPA, all of the channels within the study area are slightly polluted1 (Q3-4) but mainly moderately polluted (Q3) in recent years; that includes the Monaghan Blackwater, the Clontibret Stream and the Mountain Water. The Ulster Blackwater is in ‘moderate’ according to data from the Environment and Heritage Service of Northern Ireland – this classification would be similar to Q3-4 or Q3 in southern Irish water quality classification system. All these rivers are impacted by increased nutrient inputs, in particular phosphorus, from point sources and agricultural sources. Nevertheless all hold good stocks of trout and very occasional salmon are also reported from the Ulster Blackwater and the Cor (pers comm. angling sources).

Throughout the area there is a fairly dense network of small streams draining the low gradient drumlin landscape, which dominates the study area. These latter can be important for their fish spawning and nursery capacity where the main channels have become degraded due to arterial drainage in the past. They are likely to be a mixture of fair water quality (Q4), and moderately impacted (Q3-4 and Q3).

8.3.3 Groundwater and Groundwater Vulnerability

A narrow band of regionally important aquifers traverse the county and the study area centred along an axis running from Clones through and Monaghan and on to Tyholland. This explains the presence of several public and private groundwater supplies in Monaghan Town and north and northwest of the town. Parts of this aquifer close to the existing N52 (north of and around Monaghan Town) are considered of moderate or high vulnerability, which has implications for management of edge of carriageway drainage, within vulnerable zones. Elsewhere within the

1 Based on the macroinvertebrate types present and their relative abundances, EPA Q-rating values are used to characterise the biological water quality of rivers and streams. The Q-value scores which can be assigned and the corresponding degree of pollution associated with them are: Q5, Q4-5, Q4 (Unpolluted); Q3-4 (Slightly Polluted); Q3, Q2-3 (Moderately Polluted); Q2, Q1-2, Q1 (Serious to Gross Pollution).

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 8-3 study area, aquifers are low yielding and thus less important, while they vary considerably in terms of vulnerability with generally low vulnerability in the northern part of the study area and high or extreme vulnerability in the south east around Clontibret (see Maps 4.3 and 4.4 on the Monaghan County Council Planning Website at http://www.monaghan.ie/websitev2/planning/ FullFinalDevelopmentPlan2007to2013.html.

8.3.4 Fisheries and Angling

Main Rivers: Ulster Blackwater, Monaghan Blackwater and Mountain River have all been heavily drained within all of the constraints study area. Drainage means that in some summers the Mountain Water in particular is very low as the pools and fish holding areas have been levelled out. This reduces the re-aeration capacity of the channel and exacerbates water quality problems.

While the main channels are degraded and mainly act as holding waters most of the tributaries (e.g. the one at Lisroosky Bridge on the Ulster Blackwater) have good nursery and spawning habitats and the upper reaches of the rivers themselves, especially the Mountain Water, are generally of a higher water quality and important spawning and nursery areas.

A strain of migratory brown trout unique to Lough Neagh (Dollaghan Trout) sometimes comes up the Monaghan Blackwater and the Ulster Blackwater. They are bottom feeders taken by day on worm and at night with fly.

8.3.5 Lakes

Monaghan is renowned for its drumlin lake fishing and within the constraints area there are about 50 lakes, many of them small. Few lakes closely adjoin the existing N2, with most of them in the southwest corner of the study area, which includes Monaghan Town. The only lakes of notable size within the area as a whole are Emy Lough and Glaslough, the former just over 1 km east of existing N2 and the latter about 4.5 km east.

Emy Lough is managed currently by the ERFB and is important in the region for trout. Juvenile wild trout enter the lake from the Mountain River via an old millrace stream that flows through the village of Emyvale. However most brown trout are stocked from the Central Board hatchery in Roscrea. The lake also has a good stock of pike.

Glaslough is a well known coarse fishery owned and managed privately by the Leslie Estate.

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Many of the numerous lakes within the study area (e.g. Lambe Lough, Lillyboley Lough, Monmurray Lough, Peter’s Lake in Monaghan Town, Drumreaske Lough, the Rossmore Park lakes) are actively fished for pike and coarse fish including, rudd, roach, bream hybrids and tench. The fishing in these lakes is open to all but there are several active clubs within the county also who manage and develop the angling there. These include Castleblaney Angling Club, Rossmore Anglers, Monaghan Anglers, Emy and District Anglers, etc. Normally the clubs liaise with the local landowners who in most instances are happy for the clubs to informally ‘manage’ the fishing. Clubs are active in promoting the physical development of facilities for angling at the more popular sites and assisting in rehabilitation of river channels. Angling is an important tourist attraction for the county.

8.4 Conclusion

8.4.1 Surface Drainage

The proposed road will inevitably cross the Monaghan Blackwater, the Mountain Water and the Ulster Blackwater at least once in each case. It is possible that the Clontibret Stream (River Cor) could be avoided if a route to the west of Clontibret is chosen and if existing routes are linked into access roads to Clontibret from the new road.

Ideally only one crossing of each watercourse should be considered. While this might seem obvious, it is possible that the Mountain Water could be crossed twice in the area of a large meander to the south of Emy Lough. This should be avoided if at all possible in order to reduce possible fisheries habitat damage.

Numerous small streams traverse the study area. It is advised that they be avoided where possible, and where this is not possible, that they are crossed as close to right angles to minimise the amount of habitat potentially lost.

It is unlikely that any lake will be impinged on, for obvious engineering reasons. However, Emy Lough and Glaslough Lake should both be avoided by as much distance as possible and should not receive road drainage. Furthermore, streams draining to them should not be used to convey road drainage.

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8.4.2 Groundwater

The road will inevitably traverse the central southwest-northeast band of regionally important aquifers in the southern third of the study area so some consideration should be given to avoiding existing active groundwater supplies and areas of higher vulnerability in this area. This will have important implications for how edge of carriageway drainage is designed, e.g. whether sealed channels or infiltration systems (e.g. unsealed french drains) are deployed. The high groundwater vulnerability areas around Clontibret cannot be avoided but the low yield of these areas means that the potential impacts are likely to be less, although still an important design consideration for road drainage.

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9 Landscape and Visual

9.1 Introduction

This section describes the constraints to potential development of a proposed road alignment within the study area, with respect to effects upon the physical landscape and visual amenity. The assessment will appraise the effects with particular regard to the landscape characteristics and visual aspects of the study area in terms of topography, landscape components, land use and amenities.

9.2 Study Methodology

The study was undertaken through both a desk study and a brief windscreen survey, which involved travelling significant parts of the existing major and minor road network within the study area, with occasional overviews from key viewpoints.

The desk study was based on the following: • OS 1:50,000 mapping • Monaghan County Development Plan 2007-2013 • County Monaghan Landscape Character Assessment (2008) • Aerial photography • References/research

9.3 Detailed Description

The study area consists of a basically rectangular tract of land to either side of the existing N2, to the northeast of the county, running from south of Monaghan, northwards to the county border with Tyrone. The predominant landform is an undulating lowland drumlin topography, rising to higher ground in the foothills of Slieve Beagh to the northwest of the study area and the Mullyash uplands to the southeast.

The River Blackwater valley runs to the north and northeast of the study area with the River Cor valley forming the eastern boundary of the study area. Prominent in the distance to the southeast are the Mullyash uplands, and the Slieve Beagh mountains bound the study area to the west. Although the terrain is heavily rolling in nature, there

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 9-2 are no distinct hills as such within the study area. Minor ridgelines lie to the west, southwest and southeast as the land rises to the surrounding higher ground.

The study area is primarily in agricultural use for pastoral grazing, silage production and some tillage. Other land uses relate primarily to the urban centres with a relatively minor quantity of isolated industrial development.

Monaghan Town is the major urban area within the county and the study area, but established settlement development is generally clustered at crossroads and junctions, primarily along the route of the N2. Although ribbon development extends along the N2 and minor roads entering settlements, this has not resulted in the linking of these established settlements and a distinct rural transition still exists. Although overhead cables and power lines are present within the study area, the nature of the topography largely prevents extensive lengths of overhead lines being apparent and a source of visual intrusion.

9.3.1 Topography and Landform

In common with the majority of Ireland the underlying geological grain of the area tends to a northeast/southwest direction. However, and in contrast to areas such as the west of Cork, this grain is not easy to perceive due to the seemingly haphazard nature of the drumlin deposits which cover the area. Similarly, the changes in level, although marked, are also largely masked by the rolling nature of the drumlin landscape. Study of the map reveals the four basic topographic components of the study area.

The majority of the area is the low-lying drumlin landscape lying between 50-90 m AOD. The second component would be the land rising markedly to the south of Monaghan Town to between 100-200 m AOD, yet the rolling drumlin characteristic remains. This is similar to the rising ground to the northwest of the study area, which is effectively the foothills of the Slieve Beagh Mountains and this area, would therefore, fall into the same category.

The third landform type is the rising ground to the southeast, which, whilst remaining rolling in nature, the hills are of a longer pitch and not so defined as the rounded hillocks of the drumlin plain. This change occurs along a northeast/southwest line running through Clontibret. The influence of the river patterns to the western boundary of the study area has modified the drumlin landform and imposed a linear, although meandering pattern on the topography.

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9.3.2 Drainage Systems

The haphazard drumlin landform has resulted in a similar pattern to the streams and rivers within the study area. The watercourses make their way through the valleys of the mounded landscape in a general west to east direction. Principal among them, the Mountain Water cuts through the study area from the uplands of the Slieve Beagh mountains, through the low-lying farmland around Emyvale and Glaslough, towards the River Blackwater on the northeast county boundary.

9.3.3 Land Uses

The principal land use in the study area consists of agricultural activities including grazing land and/or a small amount of land managed for tillage. The generally small sizes of the fields and the field pattern and hedgerow systems as seen from aerial photographs would confirm this.

The following land uses occur within the study area and are significantly important in a local context:

• Urban Fringe Activities – The town of Monaghan is ringed by assorted fringe activities along most of the roads radiating from the town, including retail, warehousing and industrial complexes.

• Tourism and Recreational Activities – Walking (the , extending 40 miles from Monaghan, southeastwards to ); Fishing (the River Blackwater and many of the small lakes, including Lakes, provide organised fishing); Equestrian (the Greystones Equestrian Centre operates from the Castle Leslie Estate in Glaslough); Activity Centres (Castleshane Adventure Centre); Cycling (the Ulster Canal Cycle Trail running from Middletown through Monaghan to Clones).

9.3.4 Woodland and Trees

There are a few isolated, but important areas of mixed or deciduous woodland within the study area at Castleshane, Kilnamaddy Hill to the southwest of Monaghan and around Glaslough Lake. Otherwise the tree cover is restricted to small wooded groves and within the extensive field hedgerow pattern. Commercial afforestation has not been widely adopted in the area of study.

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There is an extensive and well-maintained network of hedgerows within the study area, some of which contain quite mature trees, and all of which act as a valuable natural and landscape resource in the area. Trees of Special Amenity Value have been identified within the Development Plan and a number of these groupings occur within the study area. Policy ENV18 is designed to “Preserve trees and/or groups of trees that form significant features in the landscape or have particular importance in setting the landscape character of an area or which contribute to the biodiversity of the area (Appendix 3, Trees of Special Amenity Value)”. Trees covered by this policy and within the study area are at:

• Blackwater Vale, Monaghan – Mixed woodland • Knockconan – Mature scots pine, sycamore, beech trees • Legacurry, Monaghan – Rows of beech • Tullybuck, Clontibret – Avenue of limes

9.3.5 Archaeological/Historical Structures/Landscape Setting

The study area contains a range of archaeological/historical structures, as described in the Cultural Heritage Section of this Report, which influence the local landscape character to a significant degree.

The landscape setting of archaeological or historical structures is a significant element of the landscape value of such features, and this has been recognised in the Planning & Development Act 2000, No. 30 of 2000, which now incorporates the concept of “attendant grounds” in relation to a structure, as including land lying outside the curtilage of the structure. The curtilage of a structure is limited to the area attached to a building and forming one enclosure with it. The Development Plan acknowledges this and Policy ENV28 has been drafted to “resist development which is likely to adversely effect the setting of a structure included in the RPS (Register of Protected Structures), where the setting is considered of importance”. Similarly, with respect to archaeological sites, ENV35 seeks to protect both the monument or site and the setting.

The Development Plan has also identified Architectural Conservation Areas, to control potentially inappropriate development for the purpose of preserving and enhancing the character of the area concerned. Again, there are a number of existing ACAs in the study area with the intention of creating further during the period of the Plan at Glaslough.

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9.4 Landscape Character Assessment

Although possessing a variety of landscape forms and characters, the landscape of County Monaghan is largely defined by the rounded, undulating drumlin landform and small enclosed fields. This lends the landscape a close character of intimate scale.

A Landscape Character Assessment of County Monaghan was prepared by Environmental Resource Management Consultants, ERM Ltd, in 2008, as a supplementary report for the Monaghan County Development Plan 2007-2013. The purpose of the report was to identify and describe the landscape character of each part of the county. Following this the capacity of each area to accept change – without disproportionate effects – was evaluated and a series of policies to guide developments in each type of landscape was proposed.

The assessment defined and distinguished between Landscape Character Types (LCTs) and Landscape Character Areas (LCAs). LCTs are defined as, “distinct types of landscape that are relatively homogenous in character. They are generic in nature in that they may occur in different localities throughout any defined area. Nonetheless, where they do occur, they commonly share similar combinations of geology, topography, land cover and historical land use. For example, blanket bogs uplands are distinct landscape character types and are recognisable as such whether they occur in Monaghan or other counties.” (see Figures 9.1–9.3, Appendix 5).

LCAs are defined as, “the unique individual geographical areas in which landscapes types occur. They share generic characteristics with other areas of the same type but also have their own particular identity.”

9.4.1 Landscape Character Types

The N2, Clontibret-Aughnacloy study area exhibits six LCTs, namely Drumlin Farmland, Drumlin Foothills, River Valley Farmland, Upland Drumlin Farmland, Upland Plateau and Urban (see Figures 9.1–9.3, Appendix 5).

9.4.1.1 Type 2: Drumlin Farmland

The study area is dominated by this landscape type that represents a large portion of the northern part of the county. The key characteristics are the low-lying small to medium sized drumlins lying

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 9-6 predominantly in a north to south orientation, with a cover of medium-sized fields with strong native hedgerow boundaries. Other features are: • dispersed small to medium-sized loughs • isolated and small clusters of farm and residential properties • network of tertiary roads bounded occasionally by large estates whose boundary definition is often cut limestone walls.

9.4.1.2 Type 3: Drumlin Foothills

These occur to the south of the study area as the land rises to the south of Monaghan Town. The small to medium-sized drumlins remain, however the field sizes are often smaller. Settlement patterns remain similar to Type 2. There is a greater proportion of gorse and heath in the hedgerows and in patches within fields.

9.4.1.3 Type 7: River Valley Farmland

This LCT borders the area to the east and northeast along the corridors of the Cor River and River Blackwater. It consists of flat to undulating pastoral landscape. Settlement patterns are dispersed and the winding roads are often edged with earthen banks that restrict views.

9.4.1.4 Type 10: Upland Drumlin Farmland

This type occurs in the very southeast of the study area as the land rises towards the Mullyash uplands. The elevated, rolling landform affords extensive long range views across the wider landscape. The pastoral landscape is often of a poorer quality with wetland grasses and sparser hedgerows and fencing boundaries. Small areas of coniferous forestry have been planted and there are pockets of peatland habitat and scrub.

9.4.1.5 Type 13: Upland Plateau

This upland farmed landscape occurs in the very southeast of the study area as the land rises towards Mullyash Mountain. It has a flat to slightly undulating landform with clumps of deciduous scrub woodland and pockets of peatland and marsh amongst the pastoral landscape. There is a greater sense of an open or exposed landscape with medium to long-range views. 9.4.1.6 Type 14: Urban Environment

This is the area of Monaghan Town and its urban fringe.

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9.4.2 Landscape Character Areas

There are five LCAs within the study area, although the vast majority of the area is taken up by two LCAs, Blackwater Valley & Drumlin Farmland, and Monaghan Drumlin Uplands (see Figures 9.1–9.3, Appendix 5).

9.4.2.1 LCA 2: Blackwater Valley & Drumlin Farmland

This area forms the majority of the northern and central section of the study areas. It consists of LCT 2 – Drumlin Farmland and LCT 7 – River Valley Farmland. The villages are well maintained and attractive, featuring limestone buildings, for example Emyvale and Glaslough. Significant demesnes or designed landscapes with characteristic cut stone boundary walls and tree belts exist within the area, including Castle Leslie at Glaslough and Castleshane demesne.

The Landscape Character Assessment identifies this landscape as being a highly sensitive to change brought about by development from both an ecological and scenic perspective.

9.4.2.2 LCA 5: Monaghan Drumlin Uplands

This area forms the southern section of the study area and consists of LCT 2 – Drumlin Farmland, LCT 3 – Drumlin Foothills, LCT 10 – Upland Drumlin Farmland and LCT 14 – Urban Environment. Long-range views are obtained to the south and the north from the high points along the east-west running ridgeline.

The landscape has been defined as not being highly scenic and, therefore, would have the capacity to accommodate development without undue compromise to the farmed landscape pattern.

9.4.2.3 LCA 1: Slieve Beagh Uplands

This area forms a very small section to the northeast of the study area. It contains LCT 2 – Drumlin Farmland and its sensitivity should be considered high as an extension to LCA 2.

9.4.2.4 LCA 3: Smithborough Hills

This area again forms a very small part of the study area to the western boundary to the west of Monaghan. Within the study area it consists entirely of LCT 2 – Drumlin Farmland and the

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 9-8 sensitivity to change should be considered medium as it is an immediate extension to LCA 2, although the landscape is beginning to get more open and exposed and less scenic.

9.4.2.5 LCA 6: Mullyash Uplands

The area forms the southeastern corner of the study area and consists of LCT 2 – Drumlin Farmland, LCT 10 – Upland Drumlin Farmland and LCT 13 – Upland Plateau. Being on the edge of the LCA, the area within the study area is not entirely typical of the LCA and tends towards the characteristics of the adjacent, larger LCA 2 and LCA 5. The landscape sensitivity should be considered as high due to the scenic quality and the level of exposure.

9.5 Constraints Within the Study Area

For the purposes of this report, designated landscapes and constraints refer to those identified in the Monaghan County Development Plan 2007-2013.

9.5.1 Areas of Amenity Value

The Development Plan identifies two levels of Amenity Value, Primary and Secondary. There are no areas of Primary Amenity Value within the study area, but there are a number of Areas of Secondary Amenity Value. These areas have been identified as having significant potential to develop as centres for sustainable community recreation or tourism centres. The intention is to protect these areas from intrusive development, whilst permitting sensitively designed proposals on unobtrusive sites and where compatible amenity may be accommodated. ENV11 seeks to “maintain and improve public access to amenity areas while protecting the flora, fauna, heritage and character of the amenity area.” These areas are shown on Figures 9.1–9.3 (Appendix 5) and consist of: • SA 1 – Emy Lough and Environs • SA 2 – Blackwater River Valley • SA 3 – Mountain Water River Valley • SA 5 – Ulster Canal and Environs • SA 6 – Rossmore Forest Park and Environs • SA 7 – Castleshane Woods and Environs

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9.5.2 Protected Views

The Monaghan County Development Plan 2007-2013 lists the views to be protected from scenic routes (Appendix 2, Scenic Routes). There are a number within the study area and these are shown on Figures 9.1–9.3 (Appendix 5), at: • SV 1 – Scenic Views along Emy Lough (photograph 1) • SV 9 – View of Macartens Cathedral Monaghan from Berry Brae (photograph 2) • SV 10 – View from Castleshane Brae (photograph 3) • SV 11 – View northward at Tullybuck (photograph 4)

In recognition of the importance of the lakes to the tourism and visual amenity of the county, the Plan also contains policy to “conserve the scenic and ecological quality of lakes by maintaining their environs free from intrusive development” (ENV15) and “protect the areas between the public road and lakeshore by restricting development to essential buildings on unobtrusive sites. Such prohibition will also apply to high open landscape overlooking lakes and water-ways” (ENV16).

9.6 Conclusion

The evaluation of landscape and visual constraints within the study area for the N2 Clontibret to Aughnacloy has identified a number of landscape and visual constraints within the study area. These would vary in terms of significance of impact dependent on the sensitivity of the landscape or receptor, the magnitude of the impact and its duration.

9.6.1 Minimum Zone of Proximity

Table 9-2 shows the minimum zone of proximity for the identified landscape and visual constraints and a ranking of the assessed value of the constraint site.

The identification of the large area of LCA 2 – Blackwater Valley & Drumlin Farmland to the north of the study area as an area of high landscape and scenic quality and, therefore, sensitivity to change creates some difficulty with regard to discussing minimum zones of proximity within this major portion of the study area.

Individual landscape features within this area of high amenity have differing minimum zones of proximity, but difficulties arise in relation to the integrated nature of this large area of landscape

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 9-10 constraint with regard to defining zones of proximity relating to the road network which is an integral part of the landscape character of the area.

The situation is somewhat less complicated to the south of the study area, where the sensitivity of the LCA 5 – Monaghan Drumlin Uplands is described as moderate and therefore the proximity zoning can be easier to link to more localised landscape constraint features.

Although a number of villages and settlements are identified in Table 9-2, the assessment does not include for the recognised importance of the potential visual impact of a proposed highways scheme on the resident within, and user of the landscape. Suffice to say that the accumulative impact of the effect upon, especially, residential amenity would be a crucial consideration in the selection and assessment of route options.

9.6.2 Categorisation and Ranking of Sites

The sites are firstly characterised on the basis of the integration of a large or small number of landscape features within the study area. The constraint ranking, as described below in Table 9-1, takes account of the value of the landscape feature concerned and the difficulty of resolving the landscape constraint presented.

Table 9-1 Constraint Ranking.

Impact Rating Description Very High Landscape feature likely to be internationally or nationally important and landscape constraint very difficult or expensive to resolve. High Landscape feature likely to be nationally or regionally important and landscape constraint difficult and relatively expensive to resolve. Moderate Landscape feature likely to be of high value in a local context and landscape constraint likely to be moderately difficult and/or expensive to resolve. Low Landscape feature likely to be of low value, but locally important, landscape constraint relatively easily and inexpensively resolved. Very Low Landscape feature of low value in a local context, and landscape constraint easily resolved.

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9.6.3 Categorisation and Ranking of Constraints

The Landscape Constraints are grouped as follows:

A: Area of high amenity to north of study area (LCA 2). B: Individual sites within the area of high amenity (LCA 2). C: Individual sites outside the area of high amenity (LCA 5).

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Table 9-2 Zones of Proximity. Very Very Zone of Proximity Landscape Site High High Moderate Low Low (km) Comment/Reason Category A LCA 2 The full extent of The LCA is determined as being an Blackwater Valley and Drumlin √ the Landscape attractive landscape in good condition Farmland Character Area highly sensitive to development change. Category B SA 1 1.5 Area of Secondary Amenity Value and Emy Lough and Environs √ protected views to lakeshore. fishing amenity, ecology. SA 2 1 Area of Secondary Amenity Value; √ Blackwater River Valley fishing amenity. SA 3 0.75 Area of Secondary Amenity Value; √ Mountain Water River Valley fishing amenity. SA 5 1 Area of Secondary Amenity Value; Ulster Canal and Environs √ designated cycle trail, targeted tourism resource. SA 7 1.5 Area of Secondary Amenity Value, √ Castleshane Woods and Environs historic demesne, woodland. Glaslough 1.5 Potential ACA, Equestrian Centre, fishing √ amenity, historic demesne, ecology. Emyvale √ 0.75 Historic village.

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Very Very Zone of Proximity Landscape Site High High Moderate Low Low (km) Comment/Reason SV 1 1.5 Protected views from LT 12002. √ Scenic Views along Emy Lough SV 10 4 Protected views eastward from N2. √ View from Castleshane Brae SV 11 5 Wide-ranging protected views from N2. √ Views northwards at Tullybuck Category C SA 6 2 Area of Secondary Amenity Value, Rossmore Forest Park and √ historic demesne, fishing amenity, Environs woodland. SV 9 2 Protected views from R162 (vegetation in View of St Macartens Cathedral √ gardens along roadside is threatening to Monaghan from Berry Brae screen these views).

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10 Cultural Heritage

10.1 Introduction

This section assesses the cultural heritage within the Constraints Study Area (CSA). The CSA comprises a large area in the northeast of County Monaghan, incorporating three of the five baronies in the county – , Monaghan and – and a total of nine parishes. It extends northwards to the River Blackwater along the Northern Ireland border from a line to the south of the towns of Corcaghan, Ardaghy and Clontibret and includes the settlements of Castleshane, Monaghan, Killyneill, Tydavnet, Glaslough, Emyvale, Carrickroe and Knockconan. Clontibret, Castleshane, Monaghan and Emyvale are linked by the existing N2 which approaches Monaghan from the southeast and continues north from Monaghan through Emyvale to the border with Northern Ireland. The rural hinterland between the main settlements comprises poor drumlin land, lakes, isolated ponds and small stands of trees, with small land holdings and sparse urban settlements. This is a landscape unique to the counties along the Northern border and the small, enclosed fields are different to the more open landscapes typical of the countryside in much of the rest of Ireland.

The objective of this assessment is to identify all features of cultural heritage within the CSA. These are indicated on Figures 10.1–10.14 within Appendix 5 and in the database contained in Appendix 1A. An integral part of the report is to identify key cultural heritage constraints that, by their nature, are deemed worthy of highlighting for particular consideration (Appendix 1B). The assessment is desktop-based and collates information from readily available published sources. This information will be used to inform the later stages - Route Corridor Selection and EIS.

A range of documentary and cartographic sources were consulted to identify and quantify sites of cultural heritage value, within the CSA, that may impact on the Route Corridor Selection process. This assessment was undertaken in accordance with NRA Guidelines for the Assessment of Archaeological Heritage impacts and Architectural Heritage impacts of National Road Schemes, 2005 and in consultation with the NRA Project Archaeologist for Monaghan.

10.1.1 Definitions

The phrase ‘Cultural Heritage’ is a generic term covering a multitude of cultural, archaeological and architectural sites and monuments within the landscape. In compliance with the Heritage Act,

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1995, and for the purpose of this study, ‘Cultural Heritage’ may include archaeological objects, features, monuments and landscapes, as well as all structures or buildings which are considered of historical, archaeological, artistic, engineering, scientific, social or technical interest. For the purpose of this report, Cultural Heritage is divided into two sub-groups, namely Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. Architectural Heritage will be dealt with in a separate section of the Constraints Study Report.

The NRA defines the Archaeological Heritage as follows: ‘Archaeology is the study of past human societies through their material remains and artefactual assemblages. The study of archaeological remains increases our understanding and knowledge of the structure and culture of past and ancient societies that are not recorded by any other means’ (NRA Guidelines for the Assessment of Archaeological Heritage Impacts of National Road Schemes 2005, 8).

Architectural and archaeological heritage together form Ireland’s built heritage. Unlike some archaeological heritage, architectural heritage generally has a strong visual presence in the landscape, particularly in the case of gardens, parklands and other designed grounds. This section of the Constraints Study should, therefore, be read in conjunction with those sections relating to Architecture and to Landscape.

The term Cultural Heritage for the purpose of this report consists of a sub-set of sites that include the less tangible aspects of the broader ‘Cultural Heritage’. This sub-set includes ethnographic features, customs, place names, historical associations, language, culture, identity, and so on. Cultural Heritage has been further sub-divided into (a) site specific areas, where a physical site or area has cultural heritage associations and (b) non-site specific areas which are not tied to any specific place.

10.1.2 Findings

There are 239 cultural heritage sites within the CSA. These can be broken down into archaeological sites (237) and cultural heritage sites (2). In addition, 52 Areas of Archaeological Potential (AAP) were identified within the CSA comprising three rivers and 49 lakes (Appendix 1D). Within this report, these AAP are not cultural heritage sites per se and therefore are not considered as constraints. Their existence, however, has been noted for future reference. . The cultural heritage sites scattered throughout the CSA reflect a continuation of settlement within the hilly landscape from the Neolithic Period onwards, with a predominance of ringfort settlements in the Early Medieval period. Monaghan Town is the largest settlement within the CSA. Smaller

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For the purpose of this report, all known cultural heritage sites have been assigned a Constraint Study Site (CSS) number. These constraints are displayed on accompanying maps to the scale of 1:20,000 and listed on a table detailing all cultural heritage constraints identified to date (Appendix 1A). All AAP have also been assigned a CSS number, although they are not definitive constraints.

All archaeological sites on the accompanying maps (Figures 10.1–10.14 in Appendix 5) are displayed using two different colours. The colours reflect the significance that has been assigned to archaeological sites as follows: • Red to signify key archaeological constraints (i.e. ringforts, churches, graveyards, etc.). • Blue to signify other archaeological constraints.

The circle surrounding the archaeological sites conforms generally to the average diameter of the circles on the published Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) maps for County Monaghan. The size of the circle does not indicate the extent of the archaeological site within but is primarily used for display purposes to indicate the site on the map. The area within the circle is generally referred to as the Zone of Archaeological Potential (ZAP), the area in which related archaeological remains may be found.

Cultural heritage sites are outlined in purple. All AAP are outlined in green (not considered constraints).

10.2 Methodology

10.2.1 Guidelines

This report was compiled in accordance with the following guidelines:

• Guidelines for the Assessment of Archaeological Heritage Impacts of National Road Schemes. NRA (2005).

• Framework & Principles for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage. Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht & the Islands (1999).

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• Policy & Guidelines on Archaeological Excavation. Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht & the Islands (1999).

10.2.2 Research

This assessment is based primarily on a desktop appraisal of the CSA using the following primary sources:

• Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) – This record (based on the Sites and Monuments Record (SMR)) was compiled in accordance with the National Monuments Act 1994. It provides a list of all known archaeological monuments and places of archaeological interest, with an accompanying set of constraint maps. Its numbering system consists of two parts: the first is the county code (MO for Monaghan) followed by the Ordnance Survey map number (six inches to the mile scale); the second part is the number of a circle surrounding the site on the RMP map, e.g. MO013-027 refers to circle 27 on OS sheet 13 for County Monaghan. The area within the circle is referred to as the Zone of Archaeological Potential (ZAP) for that site or the area in which further archaeological sites or features may be found. The RMP for Monaghan was published in December 1996.

• Database of the ASI – The purpose of the Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) is to compile a baseline inventory of the known archaeological monuments in the State. The large record archive and databases resulting from the survey are being continually updated. This database, complete with maps is now available for consultation via the NMS website at www.archaeology.ie.

• Archaeological Inventory – The inventories for each county are follow-ons by Dúchas to the SMR and RMPs. They give a written description of each archaeological site in the county. The archaeological inventory for County Monaghan was published in 1986, prior to the publication of the RMP.

• Files of the National Monuments Service (NMS) – The NMS was consulted to retrieve information on lists of RMP sites that have been afforded added protection under the following legislation.

• National Monuments in the Ownership or Guardianship of the State – Section 8 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1954 provides for the publication of a list of

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monuments, the preservation of which are considered to be of national importance. The prior written consent of the Minister is required for any works at or in proximity to the monument.

• Monuments Subject to Preservation Orders and Temporary Preservation Orders – The National Monument Act 1930 provides for the making of preservation orders to protect national monuments that are considered to be under threat. The prior written consent of the Minister is required for any works at or in proximity to the monument.

• Register of Historic Monuments – Section 5 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1987 requires the Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands (now the Minister of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government) to establish and maintain the Register of Historic Monuments. Two months notice must be given in writing to the Minister in advance of any proposal to carry out work in relation to a historic monument or archaeological area entered on the Register.

• Database of Irish Excavation Reports www.excavations.ie – This web site provides a database of summary reports of all archaeological excavations and investigations in Ireland undertaken from 1970 to 2005.

• Urban Archaeological Survey of Ireland – This survey was carried out by the OPW in the 1990s for all towns in the country which were once walled or which have an Urban District Council (UDC). There were no Urban Surveys carried out for any towns within County Monaghan.

• National Inventory of Architectural Heritage – The work of the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) involves identifying and recording the architectural heritage of Ireland, from 1700 to the present day, in a systematic and consistent manner. It is divided into two parts; the Building Survey and the Historic Garden Survey. The main function of both is to provide a source of guidance for the selection of architectural heritage for protection and to supply data to local authorities, which helps them to make informed judgements on the significance of building stock in their functional area. There is no survey available for County Monaghan.

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• County Development Plan for Monaghan – The county development plan for Monaghan outlines the County Council’s objectives with regard to the preservation of the archaeological and architectural heritage of the county. The county development plan provides the following: − Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) − Record of protected structures − Architectural conservation areas

• Documentary Sources – all published sources used in this report are detailed in the bibliography.

• Cartographic Sources – The two editions of the OS six-inch maps and the Discovery series maps were consulted.

• Consultation was undertaken with the following: − National Monuments Service at the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government. − National Roads Authority archaeologist with remit for County Monaghan.

10.2.3 Statutory Protection of Registered Cultural Heritage Sites

In Ireland, the primary means of protecting the cultural heritage are the National Monument (Amendments) Act 1930 to 2004, the Heritage Act 1995, the relevant provisions of the National Cultural Institutions Act 1997 and the Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1999. Other mechanisms include the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act 2000 and the Roads Act 1993 and 2007. The government’s policies for the archaeological heritage are relayed in Frameworks and Principles for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (DAHGI 1999) and Policy and Guidelines on Archaeological Excavations (DAHGI 1999), while those for architectural heritage are relayed in the Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines for Planning Authorities (DoEHLG 2004) and Action on Architecture 2002-2005 Government Policy on Architecture and Policy and Guidelines on Archaeological Excavations (DAHGI 1999).

European and international guidance for the protection of cultural heritage includes the following:

• The Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (Venice 1964).

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• The Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and National Heritage (1972).

• The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), advisory body to UNESCO concerning protection of sites and recommendation of World heritage sites ratified by Ireland in 1992.

Stemming from the principal conventions, acts and regulations above, which govern Cultural Heritage, are several mechanisms for protecting cultural heritage sites in Ireland.

10.2.4 Archaeology

10.2.4.1 Record of Monuments and Places (RMP)

Section 12 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1994 states that the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland ‘shall establish and maintain a record of monuments and places where they believe there are monuments and the record shall be comprised of a list of monuments and such places and a map or maps showing each monument and such place in respect of each county in the state’. Two months notice must be given in writing to the Minister in advance of any proposal to carry out work in relation to a site listed in the Record of Monuments and Places. There are 222 archaeological sites listed in the RMP within the CSA (Appendix 1A). Three of these RMP sites are also listed as being of architectural significance in the Record of Protected Structures (RPS), for Monaghan County Development Plan. The RPS number for these sites is contained within Appendix 1A.

Some sites listed in the RMP are deemed to be more significant and have been afforded added protection under the following legislation:

10.2.4.2 National Monuments

Section 8 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1954, provides for the publication of a list of monuments, the preservation of which are considered to be of national importance. Ministerial consent must be granted before any works are carried out with respect to a national monument. There are no national monuments in state ownership/guardianship within the CSA.

The Minister can acquire any national monument either through compulsory order or through agreement. The Minister or Local Authority can appoint themselves guardians of any national monuments other than dwellings. The owner of a national monument, once it is not a building

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10.2.4.3 National Monuments Subject to Preservation Orders (POs)

Section 8 of the National Monuments Act 1930 provides for the making of Preservation Orders to protect national monuments that are considered to be under threat. A preservation order makes it unlawful to interfere in any way with a national monument without the expressed permission of the Minister. There are no monuments subject to preservation orders within the CSA.

10.2.4.4 Archaeological Sites Listed in the Register of Historic Monuments (RHM)

Section 5 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1987 requires the Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands to establish and maintain the Register of Historic Monuments. Two months notice must be given in writing to the Minister in advance of any proposal to carry out work in relation to a historic monument or archaeological area entered in the Register. There is one ringfort (CSS 111a) on the Register of Historic Monuments within the CSA (Appendix 1A).

There are three archaeological sites within the CSA that are also listed as architectural sites in the RPS. These sites have been afforded added protection under the following legislation and guidelines:

10.2.4.5 Record of Protected Structures (RPS)

Buildings recorded in the RPS can include recorded monuments, structures listed in the NIAH or buildings deemed to be of architectural, archaeological or artistic importance by the Minister. Such sites receive statutory protection from injury or demolition under the 1999 Planning Act. All current RPS sites in County Monaghan are listed in the Monaghan County Development Plan. Three of the structures located within the CSA and listed in the Record of Protected Structures are also listed in the RMP (CSS 11a, CSS 101a and CSS 133a) (Appendix 1A).

There are twenty-two graveyards and one mausoleum within the CSA. Eight of these are listed as RMP sites. Of the remaining 14 graveyards, eight are associated with Churches listed in the RPS (CSS208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, 218 and 220) while the mausoleum is a protected structure listed in the RPS (CSS212). These upstanding churches and mausoleum have been included in the Architectural section of the Constraints Study Report, but their associated graveyards, which are sub-surface, are considered to be archaeology.

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10.2.5 Unregistered Cultural Heritage Sites

These include sites that are considered to be of cultural heritage value but which do not appear on any of the categories outlined above. These sites may be broken down into three principal sub- groups: Archaeological Heritage, Cultural Heritage and Architectural Heritage. The architectural heritage sites are dealt with in Chapter 11 of the Constraints Study Report.

10.2.5.1 Archaeological Heritage

Within the CSA, there are six graveyards (CSS209, 216, 217, 219, 221 and 222) associated with churches that are not registered. The churches are dealt with in the Architectural Heritage Section (Chapter 11) while their respective graveyards are dealt with in this section.

10.2.5.2 Cultural Heritage

The term ‘cultural heritage’ in this instance is a sub-set of sites that include the less tangible aspects of the broader ‘Cultural Heritage’. This sub-set includes ethnographic features, customs, place names, historical associations, language, culture, identity, and so on. Cultural Heritage can be divided into site-specific areas (Appendix 1A) and non-site specific areas. To date the following sites, identified in the desktop study, have been deemed to be of cultural heritage significance:

SITE SPECIFIC CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES

• The Ulster Canal (CSS 223): The Ulster Canal extends 36 km across the full width of County Monaghan from the eastern county boundary with to the western county boundary with County Fermanagh and was constructed in the first half of the nineteenth century with the intention of linking Lough Neagh in County Armagh with Lough Erne in County Fermanagh. The canal was completed in 1841, but abandoned 90 years later in 1931. The canal enters the CSA at Ardgonnell Bridge on the Monaghan-Armagh border and extends southwest through Monaghan Town to Brandrum on the western side of the CSA. The canal is no longer open from end to end. Features identified along the route of the canal and included in the Architectural chapter of this report include locks and lock houses, road bridges, aqueducts, mile markers, canal feeders, quays and stores.

• Disused Railway (CSS 224): The disused, partial remains of the Ulster railway, the mid- nineteenth century rail link constructed between Belfast and Clones, crosses the CSA

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diagonally from the area northeast of Monaghan Town to Clones. The railway was part of the network of the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) company, formed when the Irish North Western Railway, the Northern Railway of Ireland and the Ulster Railway merged in 1876. The company was nationalised in 1953 by the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, but was subsequently dissolved in 1958 when the Northern Ireland government decided to terminate the operation of all cross border rail lines. The difficulty of operating rail lines which stopped at the border with Northern Ireland brought about the closure of the rail lines in County Monaghan in the 1960s. Sections of the former Ulster railway have now been dismantled.

NON-SITE SPECIFIC CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE CSA

This section is less tangible and may include the cultural identity of a parish, county, or community.

Ethnographic/Place-name evidence

The Irish landscape is divided into over 62,000 and this system of landholding is unique in Western Europe for its scale and antiquity. Many townlands are pre-Anglo/Norman in origin and Irish historical documents consistently use townland names throughout the historic period to describe areas and locate events accurately in their geographical context. While the boundaries of many townlands may not have been clearly defined until the post medieval period or later, particularly in areas of poor-quality land such as bog and mountain, the boundaries in the areas of better land were almost certainly defined at an early date. The townland names and boundaries were standardised across the country in the nineteenth century when the Ordnance Survey began to produce large-scale maps of the country.

There are a total of nine parishes and three baronies within the CSA. Townlands existed long before the parishes and counties and County Monaghan boasts an exceptional number of townlands for a small county. RMP sites have been recorded in 150 townlands within the CSA. The original Irish names were often written down in anglicised form as they sounded to English court scribes. A townland name in its original Irish form often referred to an easily identifiable feature of the landscape such as Tulach (meaning hill) or Droim (meaning ridge) or to the predominance of woodland type such as Doire (oak grove) within a landscape. Much of County Monaghan is wooded, drumlin country and the townland names clearly reflect the topography and ground cover with numerous examples referring to hills, ridges, round hills (Corr), summits (mullagh), trees or branches (Craobh), thickets (Muine) and woods (Coill/Cill). Examples include

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Tullyard meaning high hill, Cornacreeve meaning hill of trees and Mullaghmonaghan meaning summit of thickets.

Many townlands throughout Ireland took their names from early habitation sites, both ecclesiastical and secular. Examples in this category include names with Ráth/Lios/Cathar (meaning fortification) or Dun (meaning fort) in them. As a place name element, the term lios features strongly in the CSA reflecting the predominance of ringforts in the county. Several examples of ringforts in the CSA occur in townlands with ‘lis’ in the townland name Lisaginny (CSS 28b), Lisglassan (CSS 29), Liskenna (CSS 168) and Lisroosky (CSS 193).

The term ‘Kil’ is the anglicised version of ‘Cill’ which can refer to a church or monastic unit. The term ‘Cill’ as a place name element has been used from at least the seventh century up until the twelfth century after which it is usually replaced as a place name element by teampall and mainistir (O’Connor, 2001, 47). ‘Coill’, meaning wood, is also often anglicised as ‘kil’ and in a wooded county such as Monaghan, where terms referring to woods and trees predominate in the townland names, the several townlands that include the prefix ‘Kill’ may not refer to the presence of an ecclesiastical site. None of the townlands within the CSA featuring the term ‘Kill’ have upstanding churches within their boundaries. While the townland name may be an indication of the presence of a former church or early monastic site it is interesting that the majority of townlands featuring the word ‘Kill’, Killycorran (CSS 167), Killyneill (CSS 92) and Killydonagh (CSS 186), contain earthworks or ringforts. However, one example, Killydonagh, (from domhnach meaning church) contains two church terms and this may indicate the presence of an earlier church.

10.3 Assessment of Constraints

10.3.1 Identification of Key Constraints

An integral part of the constraints study is the identification of key constraints. Key constraints are cultural heritage sites that, by their nature, are deemed worthy of highlighting for particular consideration. All key constraints within the CSA are listed in Appendix 1B. When assessing key constraints a holistic approach was taken, which incorporated the following criteria (not listed in any particular order): • Legal status • Condition • Historical associations

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• Amenity value • Ritual value • Specimen value • Group value • Rarity • Implications on road design and delivery

10.3.2 Perceived Importance of Sites

For the purpose of this report an assessment is given of the perceived (not necessarily definitive) importance of the various cultural heritage sites within the study area. The assessment of perceived importance is based on professional judgement of the information to hand, framed within the confines of the constraints study. On a site-by-site basis, the levels of perceived cultural heritage importance are liable to future revision where new information is brought to light, either through more detailed investigations, surveys or research. The classification of levels of perceived importance is therefore based on an appraisal of current information and an assessment of importance probability.

10.3.3 Archaeological Heritage

There are 222 recorded archaeological sites within the CSA. All are afforded the same protection under National Monuments legislation. An assessment is made of the perceived (not necessarily definitive) relative importance of the various sites of archaeological heritage value in the CSA, taking into account the criteria set out in the NRA Guidelines for the Assessment of Archaeological Heritage Impacts of National Road Schemes (2005):

(a) International Importance: A site is deemed to be of international importance where its known importance is perceived by the study to merit international recognition as a site of exemplary importance. There are no archaeological sites of International Importance within the CSA.

(b) National Importance: A site is deemed to be of national importance where its known importance is perceived by the study to merit national recognition as a site of considerable importance. There are no archaeological sites deemed to be of National Importance within the CSA.

(c) Regional Importance: A site is deemed to be of regional importance where its known importance is perceived by the study to merit regional recognition as a site of high

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importance. Examples of this archaeological site type within the CSA include megalithic tombs, a single hilltop enclosure, churches, graveyards, crosses, castles, a bastioned fort, town defences and a possible battlefield site. There are 47 archaeological sites within the CSA that are deemed to be of Regional Importance. The two site-specific Cultural Heritage sites, the Ulster Canal and a disused railway are also considered by this study to be of Regional Importance.

(d) Local Importance: A site is deemed to be of local importance where its known importance is perceived by the study to merit local recognition as a site of notable importance. Examples of this site type within the CSA include fulacht fiadh, ringforts, earthworks, enclosures, crannógs, holy wells and burial grounds. There are 192 archaeological sites deemed to be of Local Importance within the CSA.

10.4 Detailed Description

10.4.1 Geographic Overview of the Study Area

The CSA (228 km2 in extent) is located in the northeastern part of County Monaghan and extends from Corcaghan and Clontibret in the south to the northern boundary of County Monaghan at the Northern Ireland border. The most characteristic features of this landscape are the drumlins and lakes. A low-lying chain of lakelands extends across the width of the county from Rockcorry to Castleblaney, dividing higher ground to the north and south of this line. These lakes predominate in the southern part of the CSA from the area around Monaghan Town southwards to Corcaghan and Clontibret. The largest lakes within the CSA, Glaslough and Emy, are located to the east of Emyvale in the northern part of the county. The remaining areas are dominated by the drumlin hills and incorporate both upland and lowland farmland. The mountain moorland and blanket bog associated with the foothills of in the northwest of the county lie to the west of the CSA. Three large rivers, the Blackwater, Mountain Water and Cor, flow through the county and these are fed by numerous small streams and rivers. The two principal towns within the CSA are Monaghan and Emyvale.

10.4.2 Chronological Overview of the Study Area

There are 239 cultural heritage sites within the CSA, providing evidence for human use and occupation from the Neolithic Period (Appendix 1A). The most abundant archaeological monument within the study area is the ringfort (81). Some of the ringforts occur in clusters of two

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The pace of landscape change in Ireland accelerated in the second half of the twentieth century and many archaeological sites have been levelled by activities associated with modern development and progress such as agriculture, industry, housing developments and infrastructural improvements. This has ensured that the present day archaeological landscape is not fully representative of the human occupation of this island, which has spanned some nine thousand years. Archaeological sites survive today as upstanding structures such as earthworks and stone monuments, or subsurface remains. Subsurface remains are usually uncovered during archaeological investigations in advance of development. Archaeological excavation in Ireland over the past ten years or so has yielded new and diverse archaeological sites and information, adding to the store of knowledge on our past history.

The following summary overview of the cultural heritage environment in the CSA is based on upstanding remains in the area.

10.4.3 Prehistoric Period

10.4.3.1 Mesolithic (c. 7000 to 4000 BC)

The earliest evidence for human colonisation and settlement in Ireland can be dated to 7000 BC, the Mesolithic Period. The people of this era were hunter-gatherers, entirely dependent on what food could be obtained through hunting and gathering edible plants and shellfish. They used flint and other hard stone to manufacture their tools and their settlements can often be identified by locating scatters of these discarded stone tools in ploughed fields. The greatest concentration of Irish Mesolithic material in Ireland comes from the northeast of the country, such as the early Mesolithic occupation site at Mount Sandel, County Derry. However Mesolithic activity is not exclusive to the north as evident from the Midlands site at Lough Boora in County Offaly, the Late Mesolithic site at Ferriter’s Cove, County Kerry and the burial site within a cave system at Killuragh, 20 km southeast of Limerick City. Most recently, riverside excavations at Castleconnell, c. 10 km to the northwest of Limerick City, revealed Mesolithic burials, which are currently the

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10.4.3.2 Neolithic (c. 4000 to 2400 BC)

The transition of the early settlers from hunter/gatherers to a farming way of life in the Neolithic Period brought about revolutionary change. Surplus food could now be produced that would feed people in the leaner months. This led to more permanent settlements and substantial houses and a more complex and structured social hierarchy. A steady food supply meant that people had more time to increase their toolkit and domestic equipment and develop specialised crafts. A characteristic feature of this period is the construction of Megalithic tombs. From the Greek megas litho, meaning big stone, approximately 1,600 of these monuments have been recorded in Ireland to date (Shee Twohig, 2004, 7). The practice of burying the dead in impressive communal tombs is a characteristic of Neolithic farming communities in Ireland and along the western seaboard of Europe (ibid). The burial chamber, which contained the cremated remains of the dead, and often grave goods, was constructed of large unhewn stones and covered by a mound of earth or stones, known as a ‘cairn’. The tombs fall into four main classes: court tombs, portal tombs, passage tombs and wedge tombs. There are a number of megalithic tombs in County Monaghan (Brindley, 1986), the majority of which are court tombs. There are four Megalithic tombs within the study area: two court tombs, one each in Greagh (CSS 1) and Killydrutan (CSS 40), and two unclassified tombs, one each in Gortakeeghan (CSS 50) and Skeagarvey (CSS 44).

Aside from the large impressive Megalithic tombs of the Neolithic, in general many archaeological sites from this period and the preceding Mesolithic leave little or no surface evidence on the landscape. In most cases they only come to light during archaeological testing or monitoring in association with industrial, residential and infrastructural development. Consequently, the potential for finding archaeological sites from the period can never be overlooked and there is always the possibility of finding sites of prehistoric date during, or in advance of, development. Three early Neolithic buildings were exposed and excavated during the construction of the N2 Carrickmacross Bypass in the southeastern part of County Monaghan within a drumlin belt landscape characterised by steep hills and lakes. Almost 1,000 sherds of identifiable Neolithic pottery were recovered as well as a stone axe-head (O’Sullivan and Stanley, 2006).

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10.4.3.3 Bronze Age (c. 2400 to 500 BC)

The Irish Bronze Age is characterised by the introduction of metallurgy, distinctive pottery styles, changes in burial traditions and an increase in population. The first metal used as a raw material in Ireland was unalloyed copper. Evidence for primitive copper mining has been discovered in the southwest of the country at Ross Island, County Kerry and Mountgabriel in County Cork. The Bronze Age is represented in the CSA by two fulachta fiadh and one possible fulacht fiadh, one possible barrow, one standing stone, one cist, one cairn and two mounds.

Fulachta fiadh, also known as burnt mounds, are the most common type of prehistoric site in the country although only one is identified in the Archaeological Inventory for County Monaghan (Brindley, 1986). They have been interpreted as cooking places, recognisable as horseshoe- shaped mounds of heat–shattered stones, often located near a stream or in waterlogged areas. Water in a stone or wood–lined trough was brought to the boil by immersing hot stones in it. The stones were heated in a nearby fire and shattered on impact with the cold water in the trough. After each cooking session, the stones were removed from the trough and thrown to the side, finally forming the characteristic mound of stones. Regular ploughing of the mound reduces it to a spread of heat–shattered stones in the field. It has been suggested that the hot water in the trough was used to cook an animal or may have also been used to provide steam for a sweathouse. The three fulachta fiadh identified in the CSA are not listed in the Archaeological Inventory for County Monaghan. These sites, excavated in advance of construction, are recorded in the Excavations Bulletin (Walsh, 2007). Fulachta fiadh can occur in clusters, and two of the three sites have been found in close proximity in the townland of Annahagh (CSS 68 and CSS 74).

Barrows usually consist of a circular low mound, surrounded by a ditch and outer bank of similar height. The diameter of a barrow can range between 4 m and 20 m. Occasionally a causewayed entrance can be identified giving access to the interior. Sites may occur in close proximity to each other or may even be conjoined. Such monuments have a long tradition and individual examples have been assigned to the Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age (O’Kelly 1989, 205-10). Excavation has shown that ring-barrows generally cover a cremated burial deposit, sometimes enclosed in a stone box or cist. Some, however, have produced no evidence for burials, leaving a question as to their function. Only a few barrows have been recorded in County Monaghan (Brindley, 1986) and there is a single barrow within the CSA in Roosky townland (CSS 73). This is described as Unclassified.

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Cairns, composed of stone, are usually associated with burial, but excavated examples of both barrows and cairns often have no burial remains and may be commemorative. There is a single cairn within the CSA in Carn townland (CSS 90).

Mounds are earthen monuments, often possibly damaged barrows, but are difficult to date and may be as recent the eighteenth or nineteenth century. There are two mounds within the CSA at Drummuck (CSS 9) and Tully (CSS 55).

The erection of large unhewn stones was widespread in prehistoric Ireland. Standing stones were often erected in prominent locations and can date from the Early Bronze Age. Their exact function is unclear, although it is thought they were erected primarily for ceremonial and ritual purposes. Stone rows are commonly defined as three or more standing stones set closely together in a straight line and generally positioned on a northeast-southwest axis. Stone circles, built for ceremonial purposes spread through much of Britain and Ireland in the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age period. Those in the southwest of Ireland form a distinctive group, not found elsewhere in Ireland or Britain. There is a single standing stone within the CSA in Corfad townland (CSS 7).

Cists are subsurface burial structures, usually rectangular or polygonal in shape. They are constructed of stone slabs that are set on edge and covered by one or more capstones. They can date to the Bronze Age or the Iron Age. A single cist, containing a pot, has been identified in the CSA in Scarnageeragh townland (CSS 149) and is one of only five cist sites listed in the Archaeological Inventory for County Monaghan (Brindley, 1986).

10.4.3.4 Iron Age (c. 500 BC to 400 AD)

The Iron Age in Ireland marks the transition from bronze to iron working. It is around this time that we see the adoption of the La Tene style of art practised by the Celtic peoples of Europe, a people who had been using iron as a far superior metal to bronze from around 1000 to 700 BC. Although there is little sign of earlier Hallstatt-like culture in Ireland, the later La Tene culture is represented in metalwork and some stone sculpture, mainly in the north and west of the country. Rotary querns, linear earthworks and the continued use of hillforts are all aspects of Iron Age Ireland. Burial practices included cremation and inhumation interred in pits or in pre-existing tumuli. Burial monuments associated with the period include ring barrows, ring-ditches and embanked enclosures. Cremation burial appears to have declined in the Iron Age, a trend that has been attributed to a Roman and Christian influence.

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There is a single hill top enclosure within the CSA in Skinnahergna townland (CSS 190).

Ogham is the earliest form of writing in Ireland, dating to approximately the early fifth century at the transitional phase between the pagan Iron Age and the Early Medieval/Christian Period. Most of the surviving ogham stones are situated in the south of the country. There are no ogham stones within the study area.

10.4.4 Early Christian/Early Medieval Period (c. 500 to 1100 AD)

Christianity was slowly introduced to Ireland in the late fourth century, becoming widely established during the second half of the sixth century. A distinctive feature of the development of the early medieval period was the important role played by monasticism. The great monasteries were centres of culture and learning. Elaborate chalices, croziers and ornamental jewellery were fashioned and scribes committed the rich classical tradition to magnificent illuminated manuscripts, while masons built churches and round towers. From its monasteries, Irish monks set out as pilgrims preaching the gospel and establishing new communities across the continent. Monasteries became a focal point for the lay communities that were spread throughout the countryside in settlements such as ringforts and crannógs.

Ecclesiastical sites dating to the Early Christian Period, vary from large monastic centres to small hermitages, and from cathedrals founded by bishops to parish churches catering for a lay population and small independent foundations attached to family estates (Edwards 2000,100). Many sites were defined by a curvilinear (less often a rectilinear) bank, which enclosed an area varying in diameter from 40 m to 500 m. Very often the original bank or fosse is gone but is still represented today in curving field boundaries, roadways or laneways. The larger ecclesiastical enclosures contained the church and graveyard, and depending on their size and status, would have contained dwellings, outhouses and workshops. An array of other archaeological sites, from souterrains and bullaun stones to stone crosses and cross slabs and holy wells, are often associated with early ecclesiastical sites.

According to Lewis (1847) County Monaghan has fewer ecclesiastical sites than any other county in Ireland. There are seven churches listed as RMP sites within the CSA. Three are early churches. The church at Donagh (CSS 129a), reputedly a Patrician foundation, is in ruins. There are two crosses (CSS 129b and 129c) associated with this church. The site of a second Patrician foundation is located at Templetate (CSS 101a). Mullanarockan (CSS 119a) is the site of a church

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 10-19 thought to have been founded by St. Dympna in the seventh century. All are associated with graveyards. Prior to the establishment of the county system between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries, Ireland in the Early Medieval Period was comprised of a variety of “tuaths”, or clan territories. County Monaghan in the pre-Christian period was subject to the Ulaid kings of Emain Macha and the predominant tribe were known as the Mugdorna (Livingstone, 1980, 19). The rise of the Uí Neill dynasty in the fifth century changed the dynamic in the northern part of Ireland. The Ulaid abandoned their stronghold at Eamain Macha and the northern tuath, in order to maintain their independence from the Ulaid, gave hostages to the Uí Neills and were subsequently known as the Airgialla (the givers of hostages) (ibid, 36-7). The Mugdorna tuath declined during the seventh century and this period saw the rise of the Uí Méith tuath. The Uí Méith kingdom included the modern parishes of Monaghan, Kilmore, Donagh, Tyholland, Tullycorbet, Clontibret and part of Muckno, several of which are within the CSA. By the tenth century Monaghan was divided among several kingdoms – the Mugdorna, Uí Méith, Dartraige, Fernmag, Fir Rois and Conailli (ibid).

Irish society in the Early Medieval Period was divided into the free elite and the unfree cottiers, tenants-at-will and serfs/slaves. The elite and their families would have lived in ringforts, while the labourers and others of lower status in society lived outside the ringfort in small huts. Cattle dominated the farm economy of the period, with dairying being the primary pursuit. Tillage was secondary, the most important crops being wheat, oats, barley, rye and flax. In the absence of money (coinage did not become widespread until the Medieval period), cattle were the indicator of one’s status and were the currency for payment of fines, rent, tributes and gifts. Land was valued on the basis of the number of cows it could support (Feehan, 2003, 55). Cattle raiding was widespread and the ringfort provided protection for the animals at night when they would have been kept within its defensive palisade (ibid, 62).

There are a total of 81 ringforts and four possible ringforts within the CSA. Many of these sites occur in clusters of monuments in close proximity to one another and are often intervisible. The predominance of drumlins in County Monaghan means that very many of the ringforts are sited at the top of hills. Ringforts, often referred to as ráth or lios, date to the Early Medieval Period. They are generally circular or sub-circular areas enclosed by an earthen bank, made up of material thrown up from a concentric fosse outside the bank. The diameter of the ringfort is normally between 25 m and 50 m. Some ringforts have associated souterrains, or man-made underground tunnels leading to a chamber or series of chambers. Ringforts feature strongly in local folklore, with tales of fairies the prominent theme in many. In addition, the RMP lists 21 enclosures and five

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 10-20 possible enclosures within the CSA. It is likely that the majority of these are ringforts. Some of the 28 earthworks and eight possible earthworks listed in the RMP may also fall into this period although these can range over a large date period. Many of the ringforts in the CSA occur in close proximity to one another and are the remnants of settlements and communities that thrived in the area in the Early Medieval Period. There are several townlands with more than one ringfort, often in close range of each other as in Derrylevick townland (CSS 205). There are also numerous examples of ringforts and earthworks or enclosures located within the same townland as in Crumlin where there are two ringforts (CSS 102 and CSS 103) and two earthworks (CSS 108 and CSS110).

Archaeological investigations carried out in the vicinity of ringforts within the CSA (Dunmadigan CSS 151, CSS 152, and Lissaraw CSS 15) did not expose evidence of settlement in the wider surrounding area.

There are only a few known souterrains within the CSA. The term souterrain derives from the French words sous, meaning under and terre, meaning ground. They typically consist of man- made underground structures with a chamber or series of chambers linked by creepways. Entry to the souterrain is through a narrow opening at ground level, which was usually concealed. They are variously interpreted as places of refuge or storage and generally date to the later phase of the Early Medieval Period. Few excavated examples have produced finds. They are often located within ringforts and can also occur within early ecclesiastical enclosures. Alternatively, souterrains can be found as isolated structures. There are three souterrains and one possible souterrain within the CSA, only one of which is associated with a known ringfort at Lisaginny (CSS 28a, b).

Crannógs or lake dwellings are defensive habitation sites constructed on natural or artificial islands in wetland areas, typically in lakes, rivers or marshy areas. Wood and/or stone was layered to make a raised platform above water level. The crannóg was accessed either by boat or by a causeway and was generally enclosed by a timber palisade. Crannógs have been dated to the early medieval period but can range in date from the Neolithic to the seventeenth century. The predominance of lakes within the Monaghan landscape provided plenty of opportunity for the development of crannógs and there are 12 crannógs and one possible crannóg listed within the CSA. Four crannógs have been identified in Drumreaske Lake (CSS 84-87). Two in Mullaghmonaghan townland are located in close proximity to each other (CSS 57, CSS 58) within Convent Lake to the immediate south of Monaghan Town. A number of Monaghan crannógs were reputedly occupied by chieftains and are mentioned in historical documents (Livingstone, 1980,

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35) and the MacMahon dynasty, the largest in Monaghan, had their residence at Convent Lake. The present town of Emyvale takes its name from the Uí Meith tribe who first settled the land in this area in the Early Medieval Period. By the twelfth century the McKenna clan had established the area as their tuath with headquarters located at Tully crannóg, likely to be the RMP ringfort sites in Tully townland (CSS 134 and CSS 141) and crannóg in Emy Lake (CSS 150).

The tradition of visiting holy wells goes back to the very beginnings of Irish Christianity, but most probably has its origin in pre-Christian ritual activities. The majority of the ‘wells’ are springs or just depressions in rocks where rainwater collects; some have more recently constructed stone or concrete surrounds. Some wells are still maintained for holy use when at certain times of the year they would be visited in the form of a pilgrimage often referred to as a ‘round’ or ‘pattern’. Other wells are known through tradition for their reputed curative properties. There are two holy wells within the CSA, one at Mullanderg (CSS 183) and a possible well site at Sheetrim (CSS 32). There is a holy stone or saint’s stone at Clonisboyle (CSS 204) and a holy tree or bush at Drumrutagh (CSS 81).

10.4.5 Medieval Period (1100 AD to 1600)

The Anglo-Normans arrived in Ireland in 1169 at the request of Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed king of Leinster. With Diarmait reinstated to his lands, the Anglo-Normans set about seizing territory for themselves. Prior to this County Monaghan had seen the break up of some of its largest kingdoms and the continual inter-clan fighting was to the advantage of the Norman invaders. By the beginning of the thirteenth century the Normans were in control of most of south, mid and western parts of the county. The only surviving tribes were the Mac Murchadha in Truagh in the northern part of the county and the MacMahons in the County Monaghan area (Livingstone, 1980, 44). The MacMahons were to become the dominant lords during the period of Anglo- Norman colonisation and were known for their aggressiveness in pursuit of the chieftaincy, fighting both their Irish and Norman neighbours (ibid, 45). The MacMahon chieftains were inaugurated at a coronation stone in Leck townland and this stone remained in place until the mid- nineteenth century when a local farmer removed it and reputedly incorporated it into a farm building (ibid, 46). The site of the stone is listed as an RMP site (CSS 13). Following Anglo- Norman colonisation, the old Gaelic system of farming with its dominance on dairying was replaced. The Anglo-Norman system of agriculture was predominantly arable, based generally on the openfield system used in England with crops such as wheat, rye, flax and corn. New crops such as peas, beans, celery and onions were introduced. Sheep were more important on the Anglo-Norman farm and improved breeds meant that wool and sheepskin exports rose.

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The construction of defensive mottes, delineating the extent of Anglo-Norman territory, are typical of the hostile environment that existed directly after the Norman invasion and for a long time afterwards. Mottes are not a common feature in County Monaghan and there are no mottes within the CSA.

Castles, whether of stone, or earth and timber, functioned as a well-defended fortress and a private residence, of someone of importance in medieval society (O’Connor 1998, 25). Castles, although fortresses, were the centre of their owner’s estate or manor, usually a functioning farm and centre of rural administration. The many castles dotted throughout the modern Irish landscape were once residences and farm centres in much the same way as contemporary undefended manor houses and later country houses (ibid, 26). The majority of castles in Ireland can be broadly classified into two groups; the early castles of the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries and the tower houses of the fifteenth–seventeenth centuries. There are only four castles within the CSA. Three are post-medieval in date (see below) and the fourth is undated.

At the same time as the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, the church in Europe experienced a period of reform, which resulted in the foundation of many new religious orders, like the Cistercians. The Cistercians shunned the subsistence farming of the native Irish and set up their monasteries in the areas of well-drained soils to support a more intensive form of agriculture. Their system of selling farm produce of cattle, horses and wool did much to promote commerce in western Europe (Mitchell 1997, 303). The diffusion of these new monastic traditions from their area of origin in northern Italy and France into peripheral areas, like Ireland, transformed the unique insular form of monastic life that had developed in this country since the seventh century (Hennessy 1988, 41). Although major reforms of the church were already underway before the arrival of the Anglo-Normans, and socio-economic change had already begun, the Norman invasion accelerated the changes by imposing a feudal organisation on the areas in which they ruled. The Anglo-Norman lords founded and endowed monastic houses as a means of reinforcing their newly acquired territories, while also imposing their own cultural identity on those territories (Ibid, 49).

The fifteenth century saw the advent of a second wave of monastic foundations, a period in which many existing monastic complexes were extensively refurbished and extended. It was during this period also that many of the now ruinous churches and graveyards were built. Following these events, the Catholic monasteries and churches were abandoned and fell into ruin. The Catholic

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 10-23 faith was celebrated under cover only and it was not until the mid-eighteenth century that Catholic churches began to be built again. In the meantime churches began to appear in small numbers. The majority of church remains in Ireland date to the fifteenth/sixteenth century though many may have been built on earlier sacred sites. Most of these churches went out of use in the sixteenth century.

The MacMahon clan established a Franciscan friary close to their stronghold in Monaghan in 1462 and the site of this foundation is located close to Church Square in Monaghan Town (CSS 66). The friary was destroyed in the mid-sixteenth century and the stone was re-used in the seventeenth century for the construction of a nearby castle (CSS 67) (Brindley, 1980, 86).

Medieval churches within the CSA include the site of Gallagh church and graveyard (CSS 11a and 11b), a pre-Reformation church, and the ruins of Mullanacross church (CSS 184a). Two carved heads (CSS 184c and CSS 184d) and a sheela-na-gig (CSS 184e) from this site are now in the Ulster Museum (ibid, 1980, 86).

10.4.6 Post Medieval/Early Modern Period: (c. 1600–Present)

County Monaghan was described in the early seventeenth century as ‘the wastest and wildest part of all the north’ by the attorney-general of the time (Livingstone, 1980, 95). English law had still not become established at the close of the sixteenth century and the MacMahon clan were continually fighting among themselves. In the early seventeenth century the last of the Irish tribal kingdoms finally gave way to the English rule of law and a more peaceful regime was established. There was no plantation in County Monaghan, largely because the question of land ownership was settled during this time. The predominant MacMahon clan had by this time built up sufficient loyalty to the Crown to be granted large estates.

Monaghan county was townless in 1600 with only the area around the present town of Monaghan resembling a town, although described at the time as undeserving of ‘the name of a good village’ (ibid, 98). A garrison was established in Monaghan (CSS 71) and attempts were made to construct a castle (CSS 67) in the developing town (Livingstown, 1980, 476). Permission was granted to hold fairs and markets and the town (CSS 64) became a parliamentary borough. A market place, latterly known as the Diamond, was built and the town was defended by a series of ditches (CSS 67a) with four gates opening into the newly laid out streets. A market cross still stands within the town close to Canal Bridge (CSS 70).

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The McKenna clan headquarters at Tully fort and crannóg, to the east of the present town of Emyvale, were finally destroyed in the early years of the seventeenth century. The town of Emyvale was slow to develop and contained only 148 houses by the mid nineteenth century (Ibid, 569). There are three castles within the CSA from this period. Roosky castle, constructed in 1611 (see above, CSS 67), survived until the nineteenth century when the remains of the castle were taken down (Brindley, 1986, 91). The sites of both Ballyleck (CSS 46) and Derrynashallog (CSS 142) castles are shown on McCrea’s map of County Monaghan.

In the Post Medieval Period, the Irish farming landscape began to take on its present appearance, with many of the current field systems and boundaries being laid out. The old order of transhumance and open cattle breeding died out and was replaced by a structure of landed estates, small tenant farmers (leasees) and a mass of landless labourers. The potato, initially introduced as a garden crop in the mid seventeenth century, became the main food crop of the tenant and labouring classes. This system continued up to the end of the nineteenth century until the formation of the Land League began to bring about land reform. In this process of reform, the former tenants and labourers became land owners, with the great estates being broken up into small and medium sized farms and smallholdings. The process continued well into the twentieth century with the work of the Irish Land Commission.

In the Post Medieval Period, under James II (1633-1701), there was a brief swing in favour of Catholicism. This ended however, in the defeat of James by Protestant William at the Battle of the Boyne on the 1st of July in 1690. Rackwallace church and graveyard (CSS 22a and CSS 22b), possibly constructed in 1622 (ibid, 87), is the only church within the CSA to survive from the early part of the seventeenth century.

10.4.7 Main Urban Settlements Within the CSA

There are only two main urban areas within the CSA and these are Monaghan and Emyvale. The county is dotted with numerous small villages reflecting the dispersed settlement pattern of the Early Medieval Period. Small settlements within the CSA, travelling from south to north, are Corcaghan, Ardaghy, Clontibret, Castleshane, Killyneill, Tydavnet, Glaslough, Carrickroe and Knockconan.

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10.5 Discussion of Archaeological and Cultural Heritage

10.5.1 Archaeological Heritage

The CSA (228 km2 in extent), is located in the northeastern part of County Monaghan and extends from Corcaghan and Clontibret in the south to the northern boundary of County Monaghan at the Northern Ireland border. The most characteristic features of this landscape are the drumlins and lakes. A low-lying chain of lakelands extends across the width of the county from Rockcorry to Castleblaney, dividing higher ground to the north and south of this line. These lakes predominate in the southern part of the CSA from the area around Monaghan Town southwards to Corcaghan and Clontibret. The largest lakes within the CSA, Glaslough and Emy, are located to the east of Emyvale in the northern part of the county. The remaining areas are dominated by the drumlin hills and incorporate both upland and lowland farmland. The mountain moorland associated with Sliabh Beagh in the northwest of the county lies to the west of the CSA. Three large rivers, the Blackwater, Mountain Water and Cor, flow through the county and these are fed by numerous small streams and rivers. This landscape has encouraged human use and settlement within the CSA from the earliest of times and is reflected in the range and number of archaeological sites (237) within the CSA. These archaeological sites (222 RMP sites and 14 graveyards and one mausoleum) represent all periods from the prehistoric up to the Early Modern Period (Figures 10.1–10.14 in Appendix 5 and Table 10-1 below). Archaeological sites are distributed more or less evenly throughout the CSA.

Table 10-1 Archaeological Site Types within the Constraint Study Area. Barrow – unclassified 1 Hearth 3 Bastioned fort 1 Hilltop enclosure 1 Battlefield 1 Hut site 1 Burial ground 2 Hut site – possible 1 Burial ground – possible 1 Inauguration site 1 Cairn 1 Market Cross 1 Castle – unclassified 2 Megalithic tomb 4 Castle – possible 2 Mound 1 Children’s burial ground – possible 1 Mound – possible 1 Church 7 Religious house 1 Cist 1 Ringfort 81 Crannóg 12 Ringfort – possible 4 Crannóg – possible 1 Ritual site 4

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Cross 2 Sheela-na-gig 1 Earthwork 28 Souterrain 3 Earthwork – possible 8 Souterrain – possible 1 Enclosure 21 Standing stone 1 Enclosure – possible 5 Stone head 2 Fulacht fiadh 2 Town 1 Fulacht fiadh – possible 1 Town defences 1 Graveyard 23

The three most abundant archaeological monuments within the CSA are ringforts (81) earthworks (28) and enclosures (21). Since many of the earthworks and enclosures are likely to be ringforts the predominance of these sites within the CSA indicates that settlements thrived throughout the county in the Early Medieval Period. In several cases ringforts are located close to one another and are often also in close proximity to earthworks, suggesting that some of the settlements were quite large.

Crannógs, broadly dated to the Early Medieval Period, are the next most numerous site type within the CSA, and 12 have been positively identified. There are 49 loughs or lakes of varying sizes within the CSA, of which Glaslough and Emy lakes are the largest. Although crannógs have only been identified in a small number of these lakes it is likely that more previously unrecorded sites survive in these and other wetland locations.

There are twenty-two graveyards and one mausoleum within the CSA. Eight of these are listed as RMP sites. The remaining fourteen graveyards and the mausoleum are associated with more recently constructed churches but not listed as RMP sites. Eight of these graveyards are associated with Churches listed in the RPS (CSS208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, 218 and 220) while the mausoleum is a protected structure listed in the RPS (CSS212). These upstanding churches have been included in the Architectural section of the Constraints Study Report, but their associated graveyards, which are sub-surface, are considered to be archaeology. The eight graveyards associated with churches listed on the RPS and the mausoleum enjoy the same statutory protection from injury and demolition as their associated churches.

In the past, development such as agriculture, industry, housing developments and infrastructural improvements, resulted in the removal of many upstanding archaeological sites. What remains in the present day archaeological landscape, therefore, whilst it is indicative of what occurred in the past, is not fully representative of the human occupation of this island spanning some nine

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 10-27 thousand years. In the more recent past, changes in the planning regulations have ensured that much of the subsurface disturbance that takes place during development is monitored and this in turn, has resulted in the discovery of many more archaeological sites. With the range of archaeological site types evident in the CSA, it is quite likely that archaeological sites of all periods remain below ground level in the area.

10.5.2 Cultural Heritage

There are two site-specific cultural heritage features within the CSA, both nineteenth century structures. The Ulster Canal (CSS 223) extends 36 km across the full width of County Monaghan from the eastern county boundary with County Armagh to the western county boundary with County Fermanagh and was constructed in the first half of the nineteenth century with the intention of linking Lough Neagh in County Armagh with Lough Erne in County. Fermanagh. The canal was completed in 1841, but abandoned 90 years later in 1931. The disused, partial remains of the Ulster railway (CSS 224), the mid nineteenth century rail link constructed between Belfast and Clones, crosses the CSA diagonally from the area northeast of Monaghan Town to Clones. The railway was part of the network of the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) company, formed when the Irish North Western Railway, the Northern Railway of Ireland and the Ulster Railway merged in 1876. Sections of the former Ulster railway have now been dismantled.

The non site-specific cultural heritage includes the townland names within the CSA which may give some indication of the existence, or possible existence, of events/settlements/people that may have occurred or lived in the area. The townland names within the CSA largely reflect the predominantly hilly landscape in the county with numerous examples referring to hills, ridges, round hills (Corr) and summits (mullagh). The wooded nature of the landscape is indicated by the use of words for trees or branches (Craobh), thickets (Muine) and woods (Coill/Cill). As a placename element, the term lios features strongly in the CSA reflecting the predominance of ringforts in the county. Several examples of ringforts in the CSA occur in townlands with ‘lis’ in the townland name. The term ‘Kil’ is the anglicised version of the term ‘Cill’ which can refer to a church or monastic unit. The term ‘coill’, meaning wood, is also often anglicised as ‘kil’ and in a wooded county such as Monaghan, where terms referring to woods and trees predominate in the townland names, the several townlands that include the term ‘Kill’ may not necessarily refer to the presence of an ecclesiastical site.

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10.6 Conclusion

Based on the assessment of the cultural heritage constraints within the CSA (Appendix 1A), the following appraisal can be made:

Sites to be considered as key constraints (Appendix 1B):

• The ringfort (CSS 111a) in Tiravera townland and known locally as ‘Doonduff’ listed in the Register of Historic Monuments as No. 1928.

• All three sites listed in the Record of Protected Structures that are also RMP sites (CSS 11a, CSS 101a and CSS 133a) and the one graveyard, Mousewood graveyard (CSS 213), which is listed on the RPS only.

• The two site specific cultural heritage features (CSS 223 and CSS 224).

• All other sites (key constraints) listed in Appendix 1B of which there are 212.

Sites to be considered as constraints:

• All other RMP sites, which are afforded statutory protection, should be considered as constraints (Appendix 1C).

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11 Architectural Heritage

11.1 Introduction

This section of the Constraints Study discusses and evaluates structures of architectural heritage merit within the study area (see Figures 11.1–11.14, Appendix 5). The term ‘architectural heritage’ is here used as defined in the Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) & Historic Monuments Act, 1999, to mean all: (a) structures and buildings together with their settings and attendant grounds, fixtures and fittings, (b) groups of such structures and buildings, and (c) sites which are of architectural, historic, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest.

Architectural heritage and archaeology together form Ireland’s built heritage. As the dividing line between the two disciplines is not clear-cut, this section of the Constraints Study should be read in conjunction with Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (Section 10). Unlike some archaeological heritage, architectural heritage generally has a strong visual presence in the landscape, particularly in the case of gardens, parklands and other designed grounds. This section of the Constraints Study should therefore also be read in conjunction with that relating to Landscape (Section 9).

11.2 Methodology

11.2.1 Objective

The objective of the Architectural Heritage Constraints Study was to identify structures and features of known architectural heritage merit within the study area by collating information from readily available sources. The study was prepared in compliance with the Guidelines for the Assessment of Architectural Heritage Impact of National Road Schemes (NRA, 2005) and Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines (DoEHLG, 2004).

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11.2.2 Research

A broad range of documentary, cartographic and photographic sources were consulted in order to locate, identify and quantify sites of perceived architectural heritage value within the study area that may impact on the route selection process. The primary sources included: • First, second and third edition Ordnance Survey maps • Discovery series maps • Up-to-date aerial photographs • Monaghan County Development Plan 2007-2013 for Records of Protected Structures (RPS) and Architectural Conservation Areas (ACA) • Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) • Record of Historic Monuments (RHM) • Permanent and Temporary Preservation Orders (PO, TPO) maintained by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government • List of National Monuments maintained by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government • Archaeological Survey of Ireland (ASI) database • Archaeological Inventory of County Monaghan • NIAH Gardens and Landscapes Survey for County Monaghan • Published documentary sources as detailed in the Bibliography

11.2.3 Consultation with Statutory Bodies

In accordance with the NRA guidelines, the following bodies were approached as part of the Constraints Study and supplied with a map of the study area: • Heritage Officer for Monaghan County Council • Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government Architectural Heritage Advisor • Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government National Monuments Advisor • The Arts Council • Fáilte Ireland • An Taisce • The Heritage Council • National Inventory of Architectural Heritage

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11.2.4 Statutory Protection of Architectural Heritage

In Ireland, the primary means of protecting the architectural heritage are the National Monument (Amendments) Act 1930 to 2004, the Heritage Act 1995, the relevant provisions of the National Cultural Institutions Act 1997 and the Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1999. Other mechanisms include the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act 2000 and the Roads Act 1993 and 2007. The government’s policies are relayed in the Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines for Planning Authorities (DoEHLG 2004) and Action on Architecture 2002-2005 Government Policy on Architecture.

European and international guidance includes the Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (Venice 1964); the Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and National Heritage (1972); and the 1985 Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe. This so-called Granada Convention was ratified by Ireland in 1997, resulting in the establishment of the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) to produce inventories and provide guidance to local authorities on Ireland’s building stock.

11.2.4.1 Registered Architectural Heritage Sites

Stemming from the principal conventions, acts and regulations which govern architectural heritage, there are several mechanisms for protecting architectural heritage sites in Ireland. These include the following:

• National Monuments: Section 8 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1954 provides for the publication of a list of monuments, the preservation of which is considered to be of national importance. The Minister can acquire any national monument either through compulsory order or through agreement. The Minister or local authority can appoint themselves guardians of any national monuments other than dwellings. The owner of a national monument, once it is not a building being occupied as a dwelling house, can appoint either the Minister or the local authority as guardian of the monument with the agreement of the state or local authority. Ministerial consent must be granted before any works are carried out with respect to a national monument. There are no national monuments listed within the study area.

• Preservation Orders (PO) and Temporary Preservation Orders (TPO): The National Monuments Act 1930 provided for the making of Preservation Orders to protect national

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monuments that were considered to be under threat. A preservation order makes it unlawful to interfere in any way with a national monument without the expressed permission of the Minister. There are no sites of architectural heritage merit within the study area that are currently subject to preservation orders (temporary or full).

• Register of Historic Monuments (RHM): Under Section 5 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1987, the Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands is required to establish and maintain the Register of Historic Monuments. Two months notice must be given in writing to the Minister in advance of any proposal to carry out work in relation to a historic monument or archaeological area entered in the Register. There are no sites of architectural heritage merit listed in the Register of Historic Monuments within the study area.

• Record of Monuments and Places (RMP): Section 12(1) of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1994 provides that the Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands establish and maintain a record of monuments and places. Sites recorded on the Record of Monuments and Places all receive statutory protection under the National Monuments Act 1994. Two months notice must be given in writing to the Minister in advance of any proposal to carry out work in relation to a site listed in the Record of Monuments and Places. Seven RMP sites of architectural heritage merit are recorded from within the study area, as listed in Table 1 in Appendix 3.

• Record of Protected Structures (RPS): Buildings recorded in the RPS can include recorded monuments, structures listed in the NIAH or buildings deemed to be of architectural, archaeological or artistic importance by the Minister. Such sites receive statutory protection from injury or demolition under the 1999 Planning Act. All current RPS sites in Cork and Limerick are listed in the relevant County Development Plan. There are 91 sites included in the Record of Protected Structures within the study area, as listed in Table 2 in Appendix 3. Protected structures within the urban area of Monaghan Town are not within the scope of this study.

• Architectural Conservation Areas (ACA): The County Development Plan includes areas designated as Architectural Conservation Areas. The stated objective of ACAs is to conserve and enhance their special character, including their traditional building stock and material finishes, spaces, streetscapes, landscape and setting. There are no ACAs within the study area; however, it is a policy of Monaghan County Council to designate an ACA within the villages of Glaslough and Mullan during the life of the current (2007-2013) development plan.

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Architectural Conservation Areas within the urban area of Monaghan Town are not within the scope of this study.

• National Inventory of Architectural Heritage: The built heritage is protected under the Heritage Act 1995, the Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and National Monuments (Misc. Provisions) Act 1999 and the Local Government (Planning and Development) Acts 1963-1999. The Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and National Monuments (Misc. Provisions) Act 1999 provides for the establishment of a National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH). The Architectural Inventory for County Monaghan has not been published.

11.2.4.2 Unregistered Architectural Heritage Sites

These include sites that are considered to be of potential architectural heritage value but which do not appear on any of the lists outlined in Section 11.2.4.1 above. Many of these sites are named buildings on the OS six-inch maps such as bridges, mills, schools, post offices, police barracks, railway and canal features, and country houses and associated demesnes. There are 385 unregistered architectural heritage sites in the study area, as listed in Table 3 in Appendix 3.

11.2.5 Assessment of Constraints

11.2.5.1 Identification of Key Constraints

An integral part of the Constraints Study is the identification of key constraints. These comprise architectural heritage sites that, by their nature, are deemed worthy of highlighting for particular consideration. When assessing key constraints a holistic approach was taken, which incorporated the following criteria: • Legal Status • Condition • Historical associations • Amenity value • Ritual value • Specimen value • Group value • Rarity • Implications on road design and delivery

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11.2.5.2 Perceived Importance of Sites

Each structure included in the Constraints Study is individually assessed to establish its perceived (not necessarily definitive) importance. The assessment of perceived importance is based on professional judgement of the information to hand, framed within the confines of the constraints study. For the purpose of this study, the rating values outlined by the NIAH were adopted, whereby the following meanings shall apply:

Rating Value Definition International Structures or sites of sufficient architectural heritage importance to be considered in an international context. Examples include St Fin Barre’s Cathedral, Cork. These are exceptional structures that can be compared to and contrasted with the finest architectural heritage in other countries. National Structures or sites that make a significant contribution to the architectural heritage of Ireland. These are structures and sites that are considered to be of great architectural heritage significance in an Irish context. Examples include Ardnacrusha Power Station, County Clare; the Ford Factory, Cork; Carroll’s Factory, Dundalk; Lismore Castle, County Waterford; Sligo Courthouse, Sligo; and Emo Court, County Laois. Regional Structures or sites that make a significant contribution to the architectural heritage within their region or area. They also stand in comparison with similar structures or sites in other regions or areas within Ireland. Examples would include many Georgian terraces; Nenagh Courthouse, County Tipperary; or the Bailey Lighthouse, Howth. Increasingly, structures that need to be protected include structures or sites that make a significant contribution to the architectural heritage within their own locality. Examples of these would include modest terraces and timber shopfronts. Local These are structures or sites of some vintage that make a contribution to the architectural heritage but may not merit being placed in the RPS separately. Such structures may have lost much of their original fabric. Undetermined A site is deemed to be of undetermined importance where architectural potential exists, but where the architectural merit of the structure has yet to be established.

It should be noted that on a site by site basis, the levels of perceived architectural importance are liable to future revision where new information is brought to bear, either through more detailed investigations, surveys or research. The classification of levels of perceived importance is

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The following provides a summary overview of the relative importance of identified sites as perceived by the study (see also Figures 11.1–11.14 within Appendix 5). (a) International Importance. There are no sites deemed to be of International Importance within the study area. (b) National Importance. There are four sites deemed to be of National Importance within the study area as listed in Table 4 in Appendix 3. (c) Regional Importance. There are 62 sites deemed to be of Regional Importance within the study area as listed in Table 5 in Appendix 3. (d) Local Importance. There are 60 sites deemed to be of Local Importance within the study area as listed in Table 6 in Appendix 3. (e) Undetermined Importance. There are 341 sites of Undetermined Importance within the study area as listed in Table 7 in Appendix 3.

11.2.5.3 Definition of the Term ‘Demesne’

The study area contains a moderate concentration of demesnes, particularly in the environs of Monaghan Town and along the Ulster Canal. In conservation terms, demesnes are seen to have a high richness factor and a high sensitivity rating as they contain many heritage features, both built and natural. The peak period of demesne development in Ireland occurred between c. 1700 and 1850. It went into decline with the introduction of the Wyndham Act after 1900, and the economic conditions which followed the Second World War.

No legal definition of the term ‘demesne’ exists. Demesnes cannot be defined by their age, size – which can range from a few acres to several thousand – or current ownership, since demesne features can remain clearly distinguished even when the demesne land is divided into multiple ownerships. The Oxford Dictionary defines a demesne as ‘a manor house, and the land adjacent or near, which is kept for the owner’s use as distinguished from tenanted land’. The same sentiment is reflected in the Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines for Planning Authorities prepared by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, in which a demesne is described as ‘that part of the historic estate associated with a country house which was reserved for the personal use and enjoyment of the owner’. The most characteristic elements commonly found on demesnes include (but are not limited to) features such as boundary and garden walls, utilitarian structures such as ice houses, coach houses, farmyards and outbuildings,

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Statutory protection regarding demesnes also remains a grey area. No protection is afforded to demesnes in their own right, however it is implied in Part IV Architectural Heritage of the Planning and Development Act, 2000, which defines a protected structure as including: (i) the interior of the structure; (ii) the land lying within the curtilage of the structure; (iii) any other structures lying within that curtilage and their interiors, and (iv) all fixtures and features which form part of the interior or exterior of any structure or structures referred to in subparagraph (i) or (iii).

During desktop study, demesne boundaries were initially identified by consulting the first edition Ordnance Survey maps. For some counties, demesnes were highlighted on these maps in dark shading. This method was not applied to the maps covering County Monaghan, rendering demesnes in effect indistinguishable from what the Ordnance Survey termed ‘ornamental grounds’. To aid the identification of demesnes, any substantial domestic buildings and their surroundings named on the first and/or second edition maps were compared against up-to-date aerial photography. Wood belts, tree boundaries and other clearly definable linear landscape elements were used to provide tentative demesne outlines. These are subject to change following site visits and detailed field work.

11.3 Detailed Description

11.3.1 Geographic Overview of the Study Area

The study area extends from Clontibret to Aughnacloy and is bisected on a north-south axis by the N2, the main arterial route from Dublin to Derry. The topography of the study area was shaped during the last Ice Age and is characterised by rolling drumlin hills, lakes and woodlands. Its landscape is further defined by small enclosed fields and foreshortened horizons, distinguishing it from the more open landscape of the Midlands and Western region.

The architectural landscape of the study area has been influenced by Cromwellian settlers from Scotland and Northern England, the wealthiest of whom established large landed estates with handsomely planted demesnes on the region’s fertile soil. Skilled in the art of linen-making, these

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11.3.2 Settlements in the Study Area

The largest architectural heritage constraints within the study area are settlements. There are 13 towns and villages within the study area, each with its own distinctive character. Their public buildings, such as churches, schools and community halls, serve as important focal points and often demonstrate the use of local materials and the application of styles unique to or characteristic of the region. Although rarely formally planned, their built forms are aesthetically pleasing and form a harmonious relationship with the surrounding landscape.

The settlements in the study area can be divided into three categories (Tier 1, Tier 4 and Tier 5) according to their size and the level of services they provide for their inhabitants. In addition, there are a number of Tier 6 settlements, referred to as dispersed rural communities, reflecting the predominantly rural nature of the study area.

11.3.2.1 Tier 1: Monaghan

Monaghan is the county’s largest town with a population of 6,250 (Census 2006) and functions as its administrative centre. It is a plantation town with its roots in the early seventeenth century, although its architectural fabric is predominantly eighteenth-and nineteenth century in character. The town is distinguished by an unusual triangular layout and three interconnecting squares (Diamond, Church and Old Cross), each with its distinctly individual character. The Diamond (formerly Market Square) and its Rossmore Memorial form the town’s focal point, from whence long narrow streets radiate north, southwest and southeast. One of the most striking characteristics of the town is the prevalence of rounded corners on buildings to facilitate ease of movement, reflecting its former importance as a centre for linen and agricultural production with a high volume of horse-drawn vehicles. Other elements of architectural interest typical of the town are arches and vertically proportioned windows. Its most important buildings include the Market

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House (1792), Court House (1829), St Patrick’s Church (1836) and St Macartan’s Cathedral (1861-1892).

There are 11 ACAs within Monaghan Town. In addition, 147 individual buildings have been included in the Record of Protected Structures. Of these, five have been deemed to be of national, 100 of regional and 42 of local importance. These structures form part of the urban fabric of the settlement and have not been included in the constraints database with the exception of Ballyalbany Bridge at the northern extremity of the town boundary.

11.3.2.2 Tier 4 Settlements

Tier 4 settlements provide basic services to their community, such as convenience goods, community halls and recreational facilities. Educational services, when present, are limited to primary schools. There are two Tier 4 settlements within the study area.

EMYVALE

Emyvale is located 10 km north of Monaghan Town and 8 km south of Aughnacloy. The settlement is bounded at its southern extremity by the River Blackwater, and bisected on a north- south axis by the N2 which serves as its main street. It is the largest village in County Monaghan with a population of 683 (2006 Census). The settlement is of ancient origin. It is best known for its association with the McKenna clan who in the twelfth century established an independent kingdom in North Monaghan which they were to rule for 500 years. Following the Ulster Plantation, Emyvale developed into a thriving milling and quarrying centre. A number of large mills survive in the vicinity of the village.

The settlement core is characterised by rows of horizontally orientated two-storey buildings. One building (Magee Meats) has been included in the RPS (Local 29). The River Blackwater and the steeply undulating topography around Emyvale have restricted the settlement’s growth, while the existing N2 has put a strain on its architectural structure and eroded its urban fabric.

GLASLOUGH

Glaslough is a small village with a population on 290 (2006 Census) at the eastern extremity of the study area. It is located within the fertile Blackwater river basin c. 10 km northeast of Monaghan Town. It is an attractive example of a planned early nineteenth-century estate village and continues to form an integral part of the Castle Leslie estate. The settlement is divided into

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Twenty-five individual buildings within the village are included in the RPS. It is also intended to designate an ACA within Glaslough village during the life of the current (2007-2013) development plan.

11.3.2.3 Tier 5 Settlements

Tier 5 settlements are similar in their role and function to Tier 4 settlements but are smaller in size, with a more limited provision of basic community services. There are ten Tier 4 settlements within the study area.

ARDAGHY

Ardaghy is a small settlement located c. 3 km southeast of Monaghan Town and clustered around the junction of two local roads. St Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, which forms an important focal point in the village core to the west of the junction, is a protected structure of regional importance.

CARRICKROE

Carrickroe is a small settlement at the northwestern extremity of the study area. It is located c. 19 km northwest of Monaghan Town and has experienced growth in recent years. Carrickroe Roman Catholic Church forms an important focal point in the village core and is a protected structure of local importance.

CLARA

Clara is a small settlement at the northern extremity of the study area. It is located c. 3 km southwest of Aughnacloy and has experienced growth in recent years. St Patrick’s Roman Catholic Church forms an important focal point in the village core.

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CLONTIBRET # 1

The village of Clontibret is divided into two parts, each with its own development boundary. Both are located in the southeastern extremity of the study area along the N2, c. 8 km southeast of Monaghan Town. The more northerly part of the settlement is centred around St Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, a protected structure of regional importance. Other structures of architectural merit in the village and its immediate vicinity are Moy National School (a protected structure of regional importance) and Ballagh’s Flax Mills (a protected structure of local importance). The parish of Clontibret was an important milling and mining centre, and a number of flax mills remain in evidence in the village environs.

CLONTIBRET # 2

The more southerly part of the settlement forms the village proper and is centred around St Coleman’s Church of Ireland Church, a protected structure of regional importance. Other structures of architectural merit in the village include Clontibret Orange Hall (a protected structure of regional importance) and a former bell tower (a protected structure of regional importance). The parish is noted for the Battle of Clontibret fought in 1595 between Queen Elizabeth’s forces and the rebel army of Hugh O’Neill, whose victory was the first severe setback suffered by the English during the Nine Years War.

CORCAGHAN

This settlement is located at the southern extremity of the study area, c. 5 km south-southwest of Monaghan Town. The village core is defined by St Michael’s Roman Catholic Church, a protected structure of regional importance.

KNOCKCONAN

This settlement is located c. 3 km north of Emyvale on the N2. St Mary’s Roman Catholic Church at the southwestern extremity of the village is a protected structure of local importance.

MULLAN

Mullan is located c. 4 km northeast of Emyvale, close to the Armagh border. It is a well-preserved example of the many milling villages built in Ulster in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and would have benefited from its proximity to the Ulster Canal and the Great Northern Railway.

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Although a centre of the linen industry from the early eighteenth century onwards, the village is early Victorian in character. It is dominated by a flax mill built around a central courtyard. The mill- race is over 1 km in length, reputedly the longest of its kind in Ireland. Residential buildings are concentrated in two long terraces, known as the Red Row and the White Row.

The settlement has experienced several periods of decline, and the mill and associated buildings have fallen into disrepair. Plans are underway to restore the mill houses and revive the village. It is also a policy of Monaghan County Council to designate an ACA within Mullan during the life of the current development plan.

TYDAVNET

This small settlement is located at the western extremity of the study area, c. 4 km northwest of Monaghan Town. It derives its name from Saint Dympna, who is thought to have founded a church here in the sixth century. The village core is dominated by St Dympna’s Church, a protected structure of regional importance.

TYHOLLAND

This settlement is located at the eastern extremity of the study area, c. 4 km east of Monaghan Town. It is situated on the N12 (Monaghan to Armagh) which bisects the village on an east-west axis. The focal point of the settlement is St Patrick’s Roman Catholic Church, a protected structure of regional importance. Outside the village proper, Tyholland School is also a protected structure of regional importance.

11.3.2.4 Dispersed Rural Communities

These settlements are also known as Tier 6 settlements. They are characterised by scattered individual houses with some clustering around one or more focal points such as a cross roads, shop, church or post office. These focal points are often of architectural heritage merit and serve as important landmarks in the local landscape.

11.3.3 Other Architectural Heritage Constraints by Type

In addition to the 13 settlements discussed in Section 11.3.2, a total of 467 sites of potential architectural heritage merit were identified within the study area. These can be broadly divided into four types as presented in Figure 1 below. Each type is discussed in greater detail below.

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Figure 1 Distribution of Architectural Heritage Sites by Type.

11.3.3.1 Domestic Architecture

A total of 211 of the constraints identified in the study area fall into the category of domestic architecture, as outlined in Figure 2 below.

Figure 2 Types of Domestic Architecture in the Study Area.

The constraints within this category range from farm houses and other vernacular buildings to country houses and their demesnes. Estate buildings (such as stables, gate lodges and demesne

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 11-15 walls) and designed landscape elements (such as follies) have also been included in this category. A feature typical of domestic buildings in County Monaghan is that the contrast between farm house and a country house is often difficult to distinguish. Sir Charles Coote in his Statistical Survey of the County of Monaghan (1801) observed that: ‘The buildings of this county are not magnificent, and may be rather styled good family houses, as will be particularly noted. The farm houses are rather better than in Leinster, with suitable offices, but yet these are enjoyed more as demesnes, and resided on by the proprietors, and cannot be fairly rated as farm houses; and, if considered as the seats of the gentry, they cannot have a report much above mediocriter.’ Yet some of the country’s finest examples of domestic architecture can be found within the study area.

Of the 211 constraints in this category, 72 are considered key constraints. These comprise 11 houses or country houses and their demesnes and auxiliary buildings, and domestic buildings in Glaslough village. Four of these key constraints are considered to be of national importance: Castle Leslie (designed by Charles Lanyon and W. H. Lynn in 1870 in the Scottish Baronial style) and its 1,000-acre demesne; and Bessmount Park (attributed to William Barre, 1869) and its demesne. Key constraints of regional importance include Anketell Grove (1781-1852), Ballyleck House (c. 1820, attributed to the Morrisons), Brandrum House (c. 1830), Coolmain House (c. 1740), Drumreaske (c. 1850), Fort Singleton (c. 1815), Raconnell House (c. 1815), and Will Ville (c. 1775), along with their demesnes. The demesne of Rossmore Park is also considered a key constraint; although the house no longer survives, a number of auxiliary buildings remain in situ. A key constraint of local importance is the demesne of Faulkland Castle, a one-time home of the hymn writer Henry Francis Lyte.

11.3.3.2 Industrial Architecture

A total of 132 of the constraints identified in the study area fall into the category of industrial architecture, as outlined in Figure 3 below.

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Figure 3 Types of Industrial Architecture in the Study Area.

County Monaghan is particularly rich in industrial architecture. The great concentration of flax and corn mills reflect the former importance of the region as an agricultural and linen manufacturing centre, as does the county’s dense road network with its many bridges. The region’s most ambitious building projects in the nineteenth century were also industrial: the Ulster Canal (1825- 1842) and the Portadown to Cavan branch of the Great Northern Railway (1855). The importance of these structures has been acknowledged by Monaghan County Council in its industrial heritage surveys of mills, railways and the Ulster Canal commissioned in 2006-2007.

Of the 132 constraints in this category, 61 are considered key constraints. Of these, the Ulster Canal and its locks and bridges constitute 19 constraints. This structure is considered to be of regional importance and plans are underway for its partial restoration and reinstatement for recreational purposes. The Portadown to Cavan branch of the Great Northern Railway, its level crossings and bridges constitute 38 constraints. This structure is also considered to be of regional importance. It is a policy of Monaghan County Council to protect and proactively conserve the built fabric of this former line throughout the county. It should also be noted that a number of the structures associated with the canal and railway have been recommended for inclusion in the Record of Protected Structures in the reports referred to above.

Three of the key constraints are mills. Wallace’s Corn and Flax Mill at Glaslough dates from c. 1830-1840 and retains its waterwheel and much of its nineteenth century machinery. It is considered to be of regional importance. Emy Corn Mill at Emyvale dates from 1830-1870.

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Although partly demolished, it is considered to be of regional importance as possibly the largest corn mill in the county. Ballagh’s Corn, Flax and Saw Mills near Clontibret dates from c. 1850 and retains parts of its original machinery including a high breast feed iron waterwheel with timber plates. It is considered to be of local importance.

Ballyalbany Bridge on the northern outskirts of Monaghan Town spans the River Blackwater and dates from c. 1750. Its importance rating remains to be determined.

11.3.3.3 Communal Architecture

A total of 80 of the constraints identified in the study area fall into the category of communal architecture, as outlined in Figure 4 below.

Figure 4 Types of Communal Architecture in the Study Area.

Communal architecture refers here to buildings providing services for the local population. They often serve an important community function, such as schools and community halls, and act as centres of social activity. These structures are frequently the only architecturally informed buildings in dispersed rural settlements, while in towns they can have important group value by enhancing streetscapes. Many, such as creameries, are becoming increasingly scarce throughout Ireland.

Of the 80 constraints in this category, 11 are considered to be key constraints. Of these, six are located within Glaslough village and one (Magee Meats shop and shop front) on Main Street in

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Emyvale. The remaining four key constraints are schools and community halls, and all are considered to be of regional importance. Clontibret Orange Hall (1901) is designed in a domestic style. Moys National School (1875) is a six-bay single-storey Board of Public Works school on a symmetrical plan and is now used as a parish centre. St McCarthan’s College (1840) in Monaghan Town, designed by Thomas Duff of Newry, is an imposing Neoclassical style seminary set within its own grounds. Tyholland School House (1821) was built by a legacy from the late Rev. Dr. Maxwell of Falkland Castle and demonstrates a degree of architectural sophistication.

11.3.3.4 Ecclesiastical Architecture

A total of 44 of the constraints identified in the study area fall into the category of ecclesiastical architecture, as outlined in Figure 5 below.

Figure 5 Types of Ecclesiastical Architecture in the Study Area.

This category comprises churches and chapels, bell towers and residences of the local clergy, whether manses, rectories or parochial houses. Relics and memorials, even when not overtly religious, have also been included in this category.

Churches form the core of almost every settlement in the study area. They also function as important focal points in dispersed rural settlements. They are often of considerable architectural merit and in many instances the only architecturally informed buildings in a particular area. Churches are often clustered with clerical residences, schools and/ or community halls, and as such can have important group value even when the architectural merits of the individual buildings are modest.

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Owing to the sensitive nature of these sites and structures, all are considered to be key constraints.

11.4 Conclusions

Based on the assessment of the architectural heritage constraints within the study area, the following appraisal can be made:

Sites to be considered as key constraints: • All sites listed as National Monuments. • All sites listed in the Register of Historic Monuments. • All sites subject to a Preservation Order (temporary or full). • All sites listed in the Record of Protected Structures. • All Architectural Conservation Areas. • All sites in the ownership or guardianship of the Local Authority or of the Office of Public Works. • All other sites so designated in the report.

Sites to be considered as constraints: • All other sites, which are afforded statutory protection, should be considered as constraints. • All unregistered architectural heritage sites, as per Section 11.2.4.2 above, should be considered as possible constraints. These sites are not protected structures per se, but their existence has been noted for future reference.

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12 Air Quality and Climate Change

12.1 Introduction

The constraints study for air quality and climate was carried out by AWN Consulting in accordance with the NRA air quality guidelines.(1) The prevailing ambient air quality, the main sources of air pollution and the most sensitive receptor locations within the study area are described in this section.

12.2 Methodology

The methodology for the air quality constraints study is based on the NRA air quality guidelines(1). The guidelines indicate the scope of the constraints study and should include the following: • a description of the local air quality, • a description of any non-road sources of air pollution, • the identification of sensitive receptor locations, • a review of any existing studies within the study area.

12.3 Detailed Description

12.3.1 Air Pollution Sources

The major source of air pollution within the study area is road traffic, predominantly that from the N2, N12 and the N54, and to a lesser extent, the R162, R185, R186, R188 and R189. Air quality is variable and subject to significant spatial variation, with concentrations generally falling significantly with distance from major road sources.(2) The highest levels of air pollution are experienced along the N2 (including Monaghan Town and Emyvale), with the remainder of the study area generally experiencing rural background concentrations of pollutants.

A review of IPPC licences issued by the EPA for the region has shown that there are three industrial facilities with emissions to atmosphere in the study area.(3) These are Woodland Products, the Town Of Monaghan Co-Op and IJM Timber Engineering Limited. Woodland Products is located almost 700 m from the N2 in Drumully. The Town of Monaghan Co-Op is located about 230 m from the N2 at Coolshannagh. IJM Timber Engineering Limited is situated

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 12-2 about 700 m from the N2 in Latlurcan. All three facilities must comply with emission limit values as stipulated in their IPPC licences.

12.3.2 Meteorological Data

A key factor in assessing temporal and spatial variations in air quality is the prevailing meteorological conditions. Depending on wind speed and direction, individual receptors may experience very significant variations in pollutant levels under the same source strength (i.e. traffic levels).(4) Wind is of key importance in dispersing air pollutants and for ground level sources, such as traffic emissions, pollutant concentrations are generally inversely related to wind speed. Thus, concentrations of pollutants derived from traffic sources will generally be greatest under very calm conditions and low wind speeds when the movement of air is restricted. In relation to PM10, the situation is more complex due to the range of sources of this pollutant, and thus measured levels of PM10 can be a non-linear function of wind speed.

The nearest representative weather station collating detailed weather records is Clones meteorological station, which is located approximately 18 km southwest of the site. For data collated during five representative years (2002–2006), the predominant wind ranges from southerly to southwesterly in direction with an average wind speed of approximately 5-7 m/s.

12.3.3 Air Quality Zones in Ireland

As part of the implementation of the Framework Directive on Air Quality (1996/62/EC), four air quality zones have been defined in Ireland for air quality management and assessment purposes.(5) Dublin is defined as Zone A and Cork as Zone B. Zone C is composed of 21 towns with a population of greater than 15,000. The remainder of the country, which represents rural Ireland but also includes all towns with a population of less than 15,000, is defined as Zone D. In terms of air monitoring, the study area is categorised as Zone D.(5)

12.3.4 EPA/Local Authority Monitoring Programmes

Air quality monitoring programs have been undertaken throughout Ireland in recent years by the EPA and Local Authorities. The most recent EPA annual report on air quality monitoring undertaken throughout Ireland is entitled “Air Quality In Ireland 2007 - Key Indicators of Ambient Air Quality”.(5)

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Continuous EPA monitoring is carried out for NO2 and PM10 at rural Zone D locations at Kilkitt and Glashaboy using continuous monitors.(5,6) In addition, the EPA carried out long-term monitoring at Ferbane and Navan in 2007, which are urban Zone D locations.(5) Furthermore, long-term monitoring was carried out at the Zone C locations of Ennis, Waterford and Limerick in 2007. Although no EPA or Local Authority monitoring has been carried out within the study area, data from Zone C and D locations in Ireland can be used to provide an indication of the prevailing air quality conditions.

12.3.5 Review of EPA Monitoring Data

(1) The NRA Guidelines state that the local air quality assessment should focus on NO2 and PM10, as these are the pollutants of greatest concern with respect to road traffic conditions.

(5) Long-term NO2 monitoring is carried out at the two rural Zone D locations, Glashaboy and Kilkitt. 3 The NO2 annual average in 2007 for both sites was 9 and 2 μg/m , respectively. These concentrations are significantly lower than the limit value and would be broadly representative of the prevailing NO2 concentrations at distances of 250 m or greater from the N2 within the study area. A conservative 3 estimate of the current rural background NO2 concentration in the study area is 7 μg/m .

The results of NO2 monitoring carried out at urban Zone D locations in Ferbane and Navan in 3 (5) 2007 indicated average NO2 concentrations of 6 and 16 μg/m respectively, with no exceedances of the 1-hour limit value. Furthermore, average NO2 concentrations measured at Limerick, Ennis and Waterford in 2007 (Zone C locations) ranged from 14 to 18 μg/m3.(5) Hence long-term average concentrations measured at these locations were significantly lower than the 3 annual average limit value for NO2 of 40 μg/m . Based on the above information, a conservative estimate of the current background NO2 concentration close to the N2 and at Monaghan Town and Emyvale is 16 μg/m3.

(6) Long-term PM10 monitoring is carried out at the rural Zone D location of Kilkitt . The average concentration measured at Kilkitt in 2007 was 10 μg/m3. This concentration would be broadly representative of the prevailing PM10 concentration at distances of 250m or greater from the N2 within the study area. A conservative estimate of the current rural background PM10 concentration in the study area is 10 μg/m3.

Long-term PM10 measurements carried out at urban Zone D locations in Ferbane, Navan, Drogheda and Castlebar in 2007 gave average levels of 14-23 μg/m3.(5) Data from the Phoenix

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Park in Dublin also provides a good indication of urban background levels, with an annual average in 2007 of 12 μg/m3.(5) Hence long-term average concentrations measured at these 3 locations were significantly lower than the annual average limit value for PM10 of 40 μg/m . Based on the above information, a conservative estimate of the background PM10 concentration close to the N2 and at Monaghan Town and Emyvale is 15 μg/m3.

12.3.6 Sensitive Receptors

The largest number of sensitive receptors within the study area are located along the N2, in particular at Monaghan Town and Emyvale, with smaller clusters of residential housing at Clontibret and Gortmoney. Clusters of residential housing are also located along the R162, R185, R186 and R188. A number of schools are located within the study area at locations such as Monaghan Town, Glaslough, Tydavnet, Corcaghan, Ardaghy and Gortmoney, while a hospital is located in Monaghan Town. The centre of Monaghan may experience elevated pollution levels from traffic queuing on the N2 and N54 under congested traffic conditions. One of the functions of the realignment scheme will be to reduce traffic levels along the existing N2 and thus the proposed scheme will lead to an improvement in air quality at these most sensitive locations. Receptor locations in the remainder of the study area are less sensitive to an increase in pollutant levels as they generally experience rural background levels of pollutants. There are no SACs or SPAs located within the study area although there are a number of proposed NHA sites including Emy Lough, Glaslough Lake, Wright’s Wood, Drumreaske Lough and the Monmurray Grassland.

12.3.7 Opportunities For Mitigation

Assessment of air quality (particularly focusing on PM10 and NO2) at the most sensitive receptors in the study area will be carried out at the various stages of the design phase of the scheme. Should predicted air pollutant concentrations be close to their ambient limit values, then an adjustment in the alignment of the scheme is the most applicable mitigation measure in terms of improving air quality. The main constraints identified at this stage of the assessment are the existence of proposed NHA sites within the study area.

12.4 Conclusions

The prevailing ambient air quality, the main sources of air pollution and the most sensitive receptor locations within the study area are described in this section.

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The major source of air pollution within the study area is road traffic, predominantly that from the N2, N12 and N54, and to a lesser extent, the R162, R185, R186, R188 and R189. The highest levels of air pollution are experienced along the N2 (including Monaghan Town and Emyvale), with the remainder of the study area generally experiencing rural background concentrations of pollutants.

The largest number of sensitive receptors within the study area are located along the N2, in particular at Monaghan Town and Emyvale, with smaller clusters of residential housing at Clontibret and Gortmoney. Clusters of residential housing are also located along the R162, R185, R186 and R188. A number of schools are located within the study area at locations such as Monaghan Town, Glaslough, Tydavnet, Corcaghan, Ardaghy and Gortmonoy, while a hospital is located in Monaghan Town. The centre of Monaghan may experience elevated pollution levels from traffic queuing on the N2 and N54 under congested traffic conditions. One of the functions of the realignment scheme will be to reduce traffic levels along the existing N2 and thus the proposed scheme will lead to an improvement in air quality at these most sensitive locations. Receptor locations in the remainder of the study area are less sensitive to an increase in pollutant levels as they generally experience rural background levels of pollutants.

There are no SACs or SPAs located within the study area although there are a number of proposed NHA sites including Emy Lough, Glaslough Lake, Wright’s Wood, Drumreaske Lough and the Monmurray Grassland.

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13 Noise and Vibration

13.1 Introduction

A detailed inspection of OS mapping and aerial photography of the study area has identified noise-sensitive receptors in the vicinity of existing major and minor roads and several clusters around small villages within the study area.

The noise impact of a particular route choice on any of these noise-sensitive locations will depend on several factors. These include the traffic flow, speed and composition of the new route, the distance between the route and the noise-sensitive locations and the ground topography of the area. Mitigation in respect of noise, where necessary, would typically consist of a barrier of suitable construction.

13.2 Methodology

The purpose of this constraints study is to identify any noise and vibration sensitive locations which would have the potential to constrain the location of any proposed routes for the new road scheme. The following items are the principle focus of the study: • identification of existing noise and vibration sensitive receptors; • identification of any existing noise and vibration sources in the area; • a qualitative description of the existing noise and vibration climate; and • discussion of opportunities for mitigation.

This report has been prepared in accordance with Chapter 4 of the NRA document Guidelines for the Treatment of Noise and Vibration in National Road Schemes, Revision 1, 25 October 2004.

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13.3 Detailed Decription

13.3.1 Existing Environment

Aerial photography and OS mapping have been used to identify noise-sensitive receptors in the area. The prevailing noise environment characterisation is based on site inspections carried out in the study area in question.

13.3.1.1 Noise and Vibration Sensitive Receptors Within the Area

The NRA guidance document states that private residences, “schools, hospitals, places of worship, heritage buildings, special habitats, amenity areas in common use and designated quiet areas” are or have the potential to be noise sensitive.2

The majority of the noise and vibration sensitive receptors in the study area are one and two- storey private dwellings that are located along existing roads. These dwellings are concentrated at roads in the vicinity of the towns of Clontibret, Castleshane, Monaghan, Tydavnet, Emyvale, Knockconan, Killyneill, Ardaghy, Corcaghan, Carrickroe and Glaslough. A number of one off houses are noted in the study area along the N2, N12 and N54 and other minor roads.

Other noise and vibration sensitive receptors in the area include sports grounds, schools, churches, hospitals, nursing homes, and recreational lakes distributed throughout the study area. Detailed listings of these properties and locations are outlined in the Socio-Economic chapter of the overall constraints study.

Schools and other education facilities noted in the survey area include: • Drumacruttin National School • St. Michael's National School • Scoil Phadraig Garron • Scoil Orijoe Tri MicAdaim • St. Mary's National School • St. Patrick's National School (Corracrin) • St. Patrick's National School • Carrickroe National School • Deravay National School • Edenmore National School • St. Dympna's National School • Billis National School • Knockconan National School • Blackwater Learning Centre • Tyholland National School • Monaghan Institute of Further Education

2 It is important to note that while the NRA Constraints Study guidance identifies these various developments/areas as potentially noise sensitive mitigation measures are only considered in relation to long term residential properties.

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Churches in the study area include: • Ardaghey Church • Braddox Presbyterian Church • St. Dympna's Church • St. Colman's Church of Ireland • Clontibret Catholic Church • St. Sillian's Church of Ireland • St. Mary's Church • Glennan Presbyterian Church • Carrickroe Church • Ballyalbany Presbyterian Church • Tyholland Chapel • Legnagrieve Presbyterian Church

Amenity areas/facilities identified in the study area include: • Rossmore Golf Club • Monaghan Way • Oakland Recreation Centre • Castle Leslie • Monmurry Lough • St. Olivers Plunket Park GAA • Emy Lough • Tully Lough • Glaslough Villa FC • Monaghan Rugby Club • Tyholland Gaelic Football Ground

13.3.1.2 Prevailing Noise Environment

A site inspection of the study area has shown that the dominant noise source in this area is road traffic noise from the existing N2, N12, N54 routes along with other local and minor roads.

However, many of the noise-sensitive receptors are located some distance from major routes (i.e. the N2, N12 and N54). Away from these routes the noise climate is typical of a rural environment with birdsong and the occasional use of agricultural machinery.

A number of quarries are highlighted on the OS mapping that has been reviewed. Where these quarries are active it would be expected that they would have an influence on the noise climate in the immediate vicinity.

In the larger towns in the study area (e.g. Monaghan) the noise climates are typical of a busy town with road traffic again the dominant source of noise. There are also some commercial premises in these areas that contribute to the existing noise environment.

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13.3.1.3 Prevailing Vibration Environment

Vibration levels in the vicinity of existing sensitive properties are typically dictated by traffic movements on local roads. Levels associated with existing roads would not be expected to be of a magnitude sufficient to cause disturbance to people or structural damage to property.

13.3.2 Potential Impact of the Scheme

Where the N2, N12 and other significant roads pass through populated areas a reduction in road traffic noise would be expected where existing traffic volumes are redistributed to the proposed scheme. Traffic noise levels within rural areas of the study area would be expected to be low and increases in noise would be expected where the proposed road alignment runs in proximity to these noise sensitive properties.

Levels of noise generated by the proposed scheme will largely depend on the volume of traffic flow and the speed at which the traffic travels. The degree of impact on each receptor will be affected by the distance from the road and the ‘aspect’ onto the road from each location, i.e. how much of the road can be ‘seen’. Requirements for mitigation will be assessed using the criteria as set down in the NRA Guidelines.

Mitigation in respect of noise will be required when the scheme passes close to noise-sensitive receptors. However, the elevation of the road with respect to the receptor must also be considered, as noise from elevated sections of the scheme will propagate further than noise from those sections located in a cutting.

Mitigation measures will typically consist of one or a combination of the following measures, depending on site location, economic and environmental considerations: • Location of route away from sensitive receptors in order to avoid the need for further mitigation measures.

• Contain the road in a cutting, where practicable, to provide acoustic and visual screening.

• Where acoustic screening is required consideration should be given to the use of natural materials such as earth mounds/berms with appropriate levels of planting.

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• Where mounds/berms are not possible consideration should be given to the use of proprietary noise barriers. In certain circumstances it may be required to upgrade the barrier to an absorptive noise barrier.

• The use of low-noise pavements should also be considered where appropriate as a viable mitigation option.

Further details regarding these mitigation options are outlined in the following sections.

13.3.3 Embankments and Bunds

Earth mounds and bunds are often used to screen infrastructural developments from noise sensitive locations. In appropriate locations earth mounds have a number of advantages over noise barriers. These include: • natural appearance; • lower cost if excess material is available from construction; • may be less costly to maintain; • usually have an unlimited lifespan.

Earth mounds do, however, require much greater space than a vertical barrier (e.g. timber).

13.3.3.1 Noise Barriers

Several different barrier types are supplied to the market. These range from timber barriers, typically the most frequently used barriers along roadsides in Ireland, to sheet metal, concrete/brick, plastic (PVC) and bio-barriers.

In terms of assessment it is envisaged that timber barriers will be specified. The extent and height of noise barriers will be defined as detailed alignments of the proposed scheme are assessed.

It should be noted that timber barriers can be used in combination with mounds/berms in order to develop an overall barrier of a required height (e.g. a 1.5 m berm with a 1 m timber barrier to give a mitigation measure with a 2.5 m height).

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13.3.3.2 Low Noise Surfaces

There is a wide range of products available on the market that are viable alternatives to hot rolled asphalt surfaces. A commonly used alternative in recent years has been porous asphalt. Other alternatives are available such as Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) and Very Thin Surface Layers (VTSL). A reduction of traffic noise levels of the order of 3–4 dB is readily available by the application of such surfaces to a development.

13.3.3.3 Potential Vibration Mitigation Measures

As a vehicle travels along a road, vibration can be generated in the road and subsequently propagate towards nearby buildings. Such vibration is generated by the interaction of a vehicle’s wheels and the road surface and by direct transmission through the air of energy waves. Some of these waves arise as a function of the size, shape and speed of the vehicle, and others from pressure fluctuations due to engine, exhaust and other noises generated by the vehicle.

It has been found that ground vibrations produced by road traffic are unlikely to cause perceptible structural vibration in properties located near to well-maintained and smooth road surfaces. Problems attributable to road traffic vibration can therefore be largely avoided by maintenance of the road surface.

13.4 Conclusion

Several noise-sensitive receptors have been identified that would constrain the route selection in terms of noise and vibration. The majority of these receptors are located in the vicinity of the existing N2, N12, N54 and other minor routes in the area.

The route corridor should be located as far as is reasonably practicable from the existing sensitive receptors.

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14 Socio-Economics

14.1 Introduction

This section identifies the socio economic constraints in the study area for the Clontibret to Aughnacloy road scheme.

The purpose of the socio-economic assessment element of the Constraints Report is to identify locations where impacts on local people and communities could potentially occur. Socio- economic, or community, impacts fall into four key categories, namely:

• Journey characteristics: an assessment of potential impacts on local journey time, journey time reliability and travel patterns.

• Community severance: an assessment of potential impact with regard to access to community facilities, including impacts on the use of such facilities, particularly where used by older people, children or other vulnerable groups. The category includes both new severance and relief from existing severance.

• Amenity: An assessment of the impact on well-being and quality of life. This category also includes journey amenity arising from people’s exposure to traffic (i.e. safety, noise, dirt, air quality) as well as impacts for various types of road users of both existing and proposed roads arising from such factors as congestion.

• Economic impacts: an evaluation of the proposed road in the context of economic prospects and employment.

As routes have yet to be decided, the emphasis of this chapter is to identify community facilities in the study area that should be physically avoided or which could be affected by impacts such as severance. The main socio economic constraints are shown on Figures 14.1–14.3 contained in Appendix 5.

14.2 Methodology and Sources of Information

Constraints have been identified through a mixture of desk research and field work. Key planning documents such as the Monaghan County Development Plan 2007-2013, tourism literature and government websites (e.g. Department of Education) were consulted to identify the principal

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 14-2 community facilities in the study area. The socio-economic specialist stayed in the area in the spring of 2009 and drove along a large proportion of local roads so as to identify facilities that are not easy identified in published literature and media. Opportunities were taken whenever possible to discuss the whereabouts or importance of facilities with local people.

Constraints, where they occur, can be shared with other types of assessment, presenting potential for interactions to occur between socio-economic and physical environment impacts.

Impacts can be positive or negative. Their significance depends, among other considerations, on the nature of the environment affected, the duration of an impact and the probability of its occurrence. It often follows that impacts of a socio-economic nature are a function of: • the scale of the impact itself, • the numbers of people likely to be affected, and • the impact on vulnerable or sensitive groups.

The emphasis is on social and economic impacts at a community level rather than for individuals or identifiable properties.

The socio-economic assessment of the road has been undertaken in line with guidelines provided by the EPA Advice Notes on Current Practice in the Preparation of Environmental Impact Statements (2003), EPA Guidelines on the Information to be contained in Environmental Impact Statements (2002) and the NRA Environmental Impact Assessment of National Road Schemes – A Practical Guide (2006).

14.3 Receiving Environment

14.3.1 Character of Area and Demographics

Aside from Monaghan Town, the study area is a largely rural landscape dominated by dairy and other livestock production and punctuated by numerous extensive sheds housing poultry production. There are many small loughs, some smaller semi-natural woodlands (particularly around Glaslough) and three large forested demesnes at Rossmore, a Coillte estate just south of Monaghan, at Glaslough, a private estate to the northeast, and at Castleshane, another private estate beside the N2 Dublin Road. Each of these estates permit varying amounts of public access. The main N2 primary road passes through the study area to the Northern Ireland border just south of Aughnacloy. The road passes east of Monaghan via the Monaghan Town Bypass

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Most settlement is scattered in the form of single rural houses and short stretches of linear development along secondary and minor roads. There is, however, more concentrated settlement at Clontibret, Emyvale, Glaslough and Aughnacloy, while smaller centres include Corcaghan, Ardaghy, Castleshane, Killyneill, Carrickroe, Knockconan and Tydavnet. Monaghan is the main centre with a population of just under 6,221 in 2006, representing an 8.8% increase on the level recorded in the previous Census of 2002. Monaghan Town is designated as a hub in the National Spatial Strategy. It is the administrative and retail centre for the county and an employment centre focused on engineering and construction. The town has the amenity of Peter’s Lake at its heart and several historical buildings including St. McCarten’s Cathedral, the county museum and a theatre. A popular Rhythm and Blues Festival is held in the town each September.

Community facilities such as churches and primary schools are located throughout the study area. Key community facilities in Monaghan Town include the County Hospital and St. Davnet’s Hospital, five secondary schools and the Monaghan Institute of Further Education and Training. The town is also the principal employment centre, although numerous businesses are located across the study area including poultry farms, mushroom farms, light engineering, building supplies and home improvement companies. Monaghan is not a major tourist destination, although the county has much of historical interest, including the demesne and village of Castle Leslie at Glaslough. The drumlin landscape itself is appealing and contains both Sliabh Beagh cycle ways, the Monaghan Way and a section of the Ulster Canal which has been evaluated for possible future restoration. Coarse fishing occurs on many of the loughs and there are equestrian and paintballing centres.

Table 14-1 reveals that the county’s population has increased by 6.5%. The population of most smaller Electoral Divisions has increased since 2002 with the largest increase of over 21% having occurred on the outskirts of Monaghan. Much of the new residential development of the last ten years has been in the form of one-off rural houses, a good proportion of which have been built along roads to and Glaslough and in the vicinity of the Dublin road. Many other areas, particularly to the south and northwest, retain a firmly rural character.

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Table 14-1 Population – Study Area.

2002 2006 Percent Change Monaghan Town Monaghan Urban 2,032 2,187 7.6 Monaghan Rural 3,685 4,063 10.3 Monaghan Town (all) 5,717 6,221 8.8 Relevant EDs in Monaghan Rural Area Anketell Grove 954 998 4.6 Bragan 263 288 9.5 Castleshane 730 856 17.3 Derrygorry 283 273 -3.5 Emyvale 1,091 1,226 12.4 Enagh 449 487 8.5 Figullar 413 425 2.9 Killylough 558 554 -0.7 Glaslough 726 701 -3.4 Monaghan Rural (pt) 1,284 1,561 21.6 Rockwallace 777 778 0.1 Shanmullagh 210 226 7.6 Tedavnet 830 860 3.6 Tehallan 891 915 2.7 Tullycorbet 622 640 2.9

TOTAL 10,081 10,788 5.7

Totals Monaghan Rural Area (all) 16,483 17,528 6.3 County Monaghan 52,593 55,997 6.5

State 3,917,203 4,234,925 8.1

14.3.2 Overall Issues in Relation to Identification of Route Options

The character of the study area presents some challenges in terms of identifying Route Corridor Options. Firstly, there is quite a high density of minor roads which would require either the construction of under or over passes with the significant expense this involves, or the severance

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 14-5 or diversion of roads. Many of these roads are only lightly used, but the scattering of population or community facilities would mean that any severance would inevitably involve some inconvenience at least for a few people, for instance its terms of separation from neighbours or longer journey times. The hilly topography will introduce its own influence of route options, but so too will the location of community facilities and linear residential development. Most community facilities are, however, point locations that will not be directly affected by a future road as long as there is no significant severance and unless a road were so close as to cause significant noise impacts. The main exceptions in terms of aerial extent are amenities such as the forested demesnes at Rossmore and Glaslough, and Emy Lough which has been developed as a local amenity and which possesses a popular walk along its perimeter.

There are also linear features such as the Monaghan Way, cycle routes, the Ulster Canal and the Blackwater River. The first of these approaches Monaghan Town from the eastern border of the study area and is mostly on-road, both minor roads and a section of the N2, but for a short stretch through Castleshane Demesne. The Ulster Canal follows the N12 Armagh Road and is disused at present by either water traffic or for walking, although there are tentative proposals for its restoration. The Ulster Canal Cycle Trail, though, is well-signposted with off-shoots linking up with the Kingfisher Trail through and with to Lough Neagh, Dungannon and Armagh in Northern Ireland. In the study area, the trail links Glaslough and Monaghan before heading out southwest past the Rossmore Forest Park. The Sliabh Beagh No. 1 Cycle Trail passes through Tydavnet and snakes through the countryside east and north of Glaslough and Emyvale, though signposting is patchy and no maps are readily available. The Glassan and Braggan scenic drives in the northwest of the study no longer appear to be promoted or publicised.

14.3.3 Constraints by Study Section

Clontibret is located in the southeast of the study area. It has historic associations, being the location of the Battle of Clontibret between Hugh O’Neill’s forces and those of Queen Elizabeth I, the battle being won by the Irish side. Both the battle site and the Clontibret Wildlife and Heritage Centre are located just outside the formal study area. The village follows the old Dublin Road along which are located two churches, including the busy Clontibret Catholic Church, a Garda station, a pub and a grocery store/filling station. From here, the N2 passes around the eastern edge of the Castleshane Demesne and the nucleus of the community of that name which includes a popular local grocery shop.

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Ardaghy is the main community in the southern study area. Once again, its nucleus is small and centred on the church, but there is evidence of an active community in the form of the nearby community centre, restored forge and school. A Presbyterian church is located 1 km away at Legnagrieve with another church 1 km south of here at Braddox. To the west of the study area is the Rossmore Golf Club and the extensive and popular forest park. Business and shopping centres are stretched along the N54 Clones Road.

A secondary road heads directly north from Castleshane to join up with the N12 Armagh Road. A national school is located along this road near the Killyneill Crossroads. Killyneill is the more nucleated centre in the parish of Tyholland in which there are a scattering of local employers such as Monaghan Mushrooms. The village has a historical connection with the Fenian Uprising of 1867 via James Blaney Rice who is commemorated with a Celtic Cross at Tyholland Parish Church. Tyholland Parish Church, Tyholland Chapel, the community centre and National School are located along the Armagh Road and the route of the old Ulster Canal. A large football ground is situated on the road just before Monaghan. Two other national schools are located in the area north towards Glaslough. The countryside between Glaslough and Monaghan Town has various features of heritage interest, some of which have received some maintenance from the local community. Glaslough, itself, has a substantial heritage in that the local Drumbanagher Hill is the site, not only of a Viking fort, but of the first shots in the battle between James II and William III in 1688. The religious mix of the community is evident in the presence of large Catholic and Protestant Churches on the road towards Emyvale. Glaslough is a planned settlement with a number of solidly built nineteenth century houses that have contributed to its proposed designation as an Architectural Conservation Area. It contains guesthouses, a shop, community centre, pubs and an athletics club. The forested Castle Leslie Estate and house is located on the edge of the village. The house functions as a luxury hotel and also provides equestrian facilities. Another equestrian centre is located just outside of Glaslough along with lakes such as Emyvale Lough and Monmurry Lough which are popular for angling. Angling is an important amenity and tourist activity in the study area and occurs at other loughs as well as on the Cor and Blackwater Rivers.

Emyvale is a larger village located astride the N2 north of Monaghan Town. St. Patrick’s National School is located on the main road just over 1 km to the south. The Oliver Plunket GAA ground is located on the Glaslough Road 1 km southeast of the village. The village itself is an important local centre containing a church, small supermarkets, pubs, Garda station, sports pitch and IT Learning Centre. There is scattered residential development in the vicinity of Emyvale, but the

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The countryside to the north of Emyvale along the N2, Knockconan contains some concentration of residential development as well as a small school and further learning centre. To the northwest, there is a Church of Ireland, cemetery, occasional community centre and a post-office on the road to Killybrone. A major church, St. Patrick’s, the Truagh Parish Hall and St. Patrick’s National School are located at Clara, Killybrone.

14.3.4 Interactions

There are interactions between socio-economic and ecological impacts in relation to fishing loughs, sport shooting and, possibly, also birdwatching given the prevalence of wetlands and broad-leafed woods, for example in the vicinity of Killymurry northeast of Emyvale, Derrynee southeast of Emyvale and Rossarrel southwest of Glaslough. Interactions with visual impacts are apparent from the landscape and historical attractions of the study area which make it so appealing for cycling, tours/overnights and localised walking. The main tourism centre, though modest, is Glaslough, but tourism has benefited from North-South funding and collaboration and has potential for further growth given the attractions found in the study area and the wider Border Region. In this respect, route selection needs to be mindful to maintain the area’s natural and historic heritage attractions.

14.4 Conclusions

The hilly terrain of the study area makes it difficult to indentify obvious route corridors for the proposed road scheme. Community facilities represent point constraints that are easily avoided, but for which it can be important to maintain access from the surrounding area. The facilities are scattered throughout the countryside along with residential development including some linear development. There are numerous facilities in the south and centre of the study area. The rural area to the west of the N2 north of Monaghan Town is somewhat less densely populated, but also contains a share of community facilities. The scattered distribution of community facilities is evident from Figures 14.1–14.3 within Appendix 5.

Specific socio-economic constraints include the amenity of Rossmore Forest Park which occupies a large 600 hectare block of land to the south-west of Monaghan Town, the vicinity of Glaslough

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15 Agronomy

15.1 Introduction

This section considers the agricultural constraints within the study area (see Figures 15.1–15.6, Appendix 5).

Agriculture occupies the majority of land within the study area and the range of agricultural activities includes dairying, beef, sheep, pigs and equine. The study area encompasses approximately 22,800 ha of land within its boundary. The following agricultural constraints are addressed:

• Farm yards. The farm yard is the operational hub of the farm and should be avoided.

• Areas of high quality land. If possible areas of high quality land should be avoided in preference to areas with poor quality land.

• Intensive grazing livestock farm enterprises. In general livestock farms are more sensitive to disruption caused by new road projects than are non livestock (tillage) farms and dairy, and equine farms are more sensitive to disruption than beef or sheep farms. Dairy and equine farms generally have a higher output per hectare than beef and sheep enterprises and the operation of these farms is more sensitive to severance because on these farms livestock have to be moved on a daily basis. In general pig and poultry farms are not affected due to severance or disturbance unless the buildings are affected.

15.2 Methodology

While there are no specific guidelines for preparing agronomy constraints reports the EPA General Guidelines for Preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Reports was referred to. The following basic principles for agronomy assessment are to be adhered to at all stages of the environmental assessment process: • Pursue preventative action; • Informing decision making; • Maintaining environmental focus and scope; • Public participation.

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In line with these EPA guidelines the constraints report seeks to identify the issues that are likely to be important at this stage of the environmental assessment process and to inform the road design team so that preventative action can be pursued. This agronomy constraints assessment comprised a desk-top collation and interpretation of available published data, and also included a windshield assessment of the study area. The purpose of the desktop assessment was to identify: • Identification of farm yards. • Areas within the study area which would have high concentrations of dairy farms. • Areas with high quality soils.

The desk top study primarily referred to the following sources of information:

• 2000 Census of Agriculture. The agricultural census in 2000 is the only source of data which refers to the study area at the county and District Electoral Division level. There have been National Agricultural Surveys undertaken in 2003 and 2005, however as the 2003 and 2005 surveys give regional data and not county data, these later surveys are not useful in the statistical analysis of the study area.

• EPA Soil Mapping Data. This information is derived from a combination of aerial photography and on site surveying carried out in recent years by the Teagasc Spatial Unit in collaboration with the Geological Survey of Ireland, the Forestry Service and the EPA. As soil quality and type varies within a very small area the information is indicative only. Reference is also made to the An Foras Talúntais 1980 Soils Map of Ireland and the broad descriptions contained within the map.

• Aerial photography was used to identify forestry, scrub and rough boggy land.

A windshield survey was conducted in May 2008. The purpose of the windshield survey was to verify if possible the desktop assessment data and identify the following: • Farm yards • Farm yards and fields with dairy cows • Farm yards and fields with horses and stables • Land cropping • Land quality

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15.3 Detailed Description

15.3.1 Statistical Analysis

Analysis of tables 1, 2 and 11 of the 2000 agricultural census shows that the agricultural area of County Monaghan is 99,500 ha. Within the county 24% of all farmers are dairy farmers, and 1% of the land area is used for tillage. The information from the 2000 census is available at a District Electoral Division level. There are 69 District Electoral Divisions (DEDs) in County Monaghan and 18 are either partially or totally within the study area. The area of the total study area is approximately 22,800 ha which is 79% of the area of these 18 DEDs (approximately 28,920 ha). The statistical information for the study area regarding type of enterprise and size of farms is presented in Table 15-1.

Table 15-1 Agricultural Statistical Data of the 18 District Electoral Divisions within the Study Area.

District Electoral Division (& Code) Area Farmed Area Farmed (ha) Arable Crops (ha) & Heifers Dairy Cows nos.) stock total (% of Total Farmers Dairy Farms Non Dairy Livestock Farms and Mixed Crops Livestock Enterprises Other 34047 Anketell Grove 1,963 31 21% 95 20% 70% 0% 10% 34048 Bellanode 2,241 1 27% 76 38% 50% 0% 13% 34050 Caddagh 1,683 0 20% 68 33% 67% 0% 0% 34051 Castleshane 1,664 23 16% 90 22% 78% 0% 0% 34053 Clontibret 1,920 3 22% 100 30% 60% 0% 10% 34054 Derrygorry 1,010 149 14% 49 20% 80% 0% 0% 34057 Emyvale 1,295 10 27% 56 17% 67% 0% 17% 34058 Enagh (Monaghan Rd) 1,352 234 26% 44 33% 67% 0% 0% 34059 Figullar 1,245 60 14% 52 25% 75% 0% 0% 34060 Glaslough 1,806 177 19% 57 17% 67% 0% 17% 34061 Killylough 1,314 2 22% 77 29% 71% 0% 0% 34062 Kilmore 1,142 0 32% 47 40% 40% 0% 20% 34063 Monaghan Rural 2,018 2 21% 87 25% 63% 0% 13% 34064 Rackwallace 2,206 0 26% 94 30% 60% 0% 10%

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District Electoral Division (& Code) Area Farmed Area Farmed (ha) Arable Crops (ha) & Heifers Dairy Cows nos.) stock total (% of Total Farmers Dairy Farms Non Dairy Livestock Farms and Mixed Crops Livestock Enterprises Other 34066 Shanmullagh 1,233 0 1% 45 25% 75% 0% 0% 34068 Tedavnet 1,368 0 17% 77 22% 67% 0% 11% 34069 Tehallan 1,089 1 5% 52 0% 80% 0% 20% 34070 Tullycorbet 2,371 2 31% 115 45% 55% 0% 0% Totals 28,920 1,281

The available relevant statistical data is nine years old in 2009. Some changes will be expected during this period, therefore, although a useful indicator of agricultural data in the study area, the 2000 census should be interpreted with caution. For example, the 2003 and 2005 farm surveys3 have indicated that there is a declining trend in the number of dairy farmers, therefore it is expected that the actual percentage figure of dairy farmers in 2009 is lower than indicated in Table 15-1. Also the cropping pattern has changed slightly (but not significantly) in that the 2000 agricultural census shows that there were no recorded tillage crops in the study area. The windshield survey recorded small areas of forage maize. Also the number of other enterprises is likely to have increased due to the promotion of the mushroom industry throughout 2000–2009.

The statistical results in Table 15-1 can be summarised as follows:

15.3.1.1 Number of Farms

There are approximately 1,000 farmers in the study area (79% of 1,281). The windshield survey recorded 632 farm yards in the study area. However the number of farm yards would not necessarily equate to the number of farms because some farms may have more than one farm yard and some smaller farms may have none.

15.3.1.2 Size of Farms

Table 2 of the 2000 Agricultural Census shows the average size of farms in County Monaghan to be 21.8 ha. Analysis of Table 15-1 figures above shows the average size of farms in the 18 DEDs

3 The Farm Survey data from 2003 and 2005 is available only on a regional basis – not on a county and Electoral DED basis.

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15.3.1.3 Enterprise Types

In the 18 DEDs within the study area approximately 26% of farmers are dairy farmers, similar to the 24% for the county average. The DEDs which exceed the county average percentage number of dairy farms are highlighted in Table 15-1. Approximately 8% of farms are categorised as other. Included in this category are poultry, pigs, mushroom and equine farms. Mushroom, pig and poultry houses are a significant feature within the study area. The enterprises often occur as the second enterprise on dairy, beef and sheep farms. With the exception of laying hen enterprise, poultry, pig and mushroom enterprises are not sensitive to the disturbance caused by new road construction.

15.3.1.4 Cropping

Approximately 1% of land in County Monaghan is used for tillage cropping. However there is no tillage cropping recorded in the statistical data for the study area. The windshield survey noted several areas within the study area that are planted for forage maize.

15.3.2 Soils in the Study Area

The review of soils within the study area refers to EPA data sets. The information from the EPA data sets has been used to classify the soils into the following three main categories:

(1) Mainly deep, poorly drained, mineral soil – EPA Code 31 and Code 33. This soil type occupies approximately 55% of the total study area and is shown as a purple solid shading in Figures 15.4–15.6 within Appendix 5. The soil occupies more than 80% of the area north of a notional line from Drumbenagh (3.5 km northwest of Monaghan Town) to Glaslough and also is the predominant soil south of Monaghan Town. This is a surface water gley soil associated with drumlin terrain and due to the steep slopes and wet nature of this soil type its range of uses is limited to grassland.

(2) Shallow well drained mineral soil – EPA Code 11. This soil type occupies approximately 25% of the total study area and is the predominant soil in the middle of the study area north

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and northeast of Monaghan Town. This is a productive good quality soil but due to topography and annual rainfall amounts the main use is grassland.

(3) Other soils – approximately 20% of the total study area. Alluvial soils (EPA Code 51) occur along rivers and streams and occupy approximately 8% of the total study area. The quality of these soils is variable depending on how successful drainage has been. Peaty soils, which occupy approximately 6% of the study area, occur throughout the study area and particularly in low lying areas around lakes and along rivers, for example, west of the Cor River in Garran Otra and Garran Itra, Tullyard (4 km southwest of Monaghan Town), Derryveen (southwest of Glaslough) and Dernahinch near Astrish Lough in the northeast of the study area. Lithosol soils (EPA Code 21) which are shallow well drained but rocky soils occur in approximately 5% of the study area. These soils are located mainly in the eastern part of the study area.

The occurrence of the soil types in the area is shown in Figures 15.4–15.6 (within Appendix 5). The two main soil types occur fairly uniformly in bands across the study area reflecting the underlying geology. Therefore a potential new road running from south to north must pass through significant amounts of the better quality land (soil Code 11). However this soil type occurs with less frequency west of Monaghan Town and directly west of Castleshane on the N12.

Areas of forestry, scrub and bog were mapped from the aerial photographs and from the windshield survey notes. These areas represent rough grazing areas or land that is not used for agricultural purposes and as such are areas which are preferable from an agricultural point of view.

15.4 Conclusions

The main agricultural constraints as shown in Figures 15.1–15.3, Appendix 5 are identified as: • High Quality Agricultural Land • Farm yards • Sensitive farm enterprises (dairy and equine)

15.4.1 High Quality Agricultural Land

Where possible, poorer quality land should be considered over high quality land. Soil types mapped in Figures 15.4–15.6 within Appendix 5 enable informed decision making with regard to probable land quality. The main high quality soil occurs in a band across the middle of the study

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Based on the windshield observations and examination of aerial photography and soil mapping, a route that travels north to the west of Monaghan Town or west of Castleshane would minimise impact on the better quality land.

Flat topography can be a constraint in the sense that it can be difficult to provide underpasses on farms. However in the study area there will be considerable opportunity to provide underpasses – where economically justifiable – due to the Drumlin topography.

15.4.2 Farm Yards

Six hundred and thirty-two yards were identified in the windshield survey and mapped in the study area and shown in Figures 15.1–15.3 contained in Appendix 5. The statistical data indicates that there are approximately 1,000 farms in the study area. All farm yards identified in the windshield study are identified as agricultural constraints and should be avoided.

15.4.3 Sensitive Farm Enterprises (dairy and equine)

According to information derived from the 2000 Agriculture Census data, approximately 26.5% of farmers within the study area are dairy farmers. The windshield survey indicates that these farms are generally distributed evenly throughout the study area and therefore it will be unavoidable that the selected route will traverse dairy farms. The study area is not an intensive dairying area and as such this is not a significant constraint. Six equine farms were noted throughout the study area. Three of these were equestrian centers, two of which are located in Glaslough and one in Killymarly (2 km southeast of Monaghan on the N2). The study area is not an intensive equine area and as such this is not a significant constraint.

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The windshield survey indicates that there are approximately 100 farmyards (10%) where there are poultry, pig and mushroom enterprises. There is a large poultry enterprise on the northern side of Emyvale. These enterprises occur in farm yards and as such are to be avoided.

The location of farm enterprises as recorded in the windshield survey is shown in Figures 15.1– 15.3 within Appendix 5.

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16 Summary

A detailed assessment was undertaken of all the potential constraints within the chosen study area in the preparation of the Constraints Study Report. The information collected during this phase is both wide ranging and comprehensive and will provide a sound basis for the development of route options.

The identified constraints were discussed in detail under the following headings in this report: • Engineering • Traffic • Ecology • Geology and Hydrogeology • Hydrology and Drainage • Landscape and Visual • Cultural Heritage • Architectural Heritage • Air Quality and Climate Change • Noise and Vibration • Socio-economics • Agronomy

A summary and conclusion of the constraints were listed at the end of each of the respective chapters.

Arising from this investigation it can be concluded that there are significant constraints within the Scheme study area which will need to be taken into account in the development of Route Corridor Options. However, during the Route Selection Phase, data collection will continue concentrating on the Route Corridor Options and the Preferred Route Corridor when it is identified.

The key constraints identified within the study area are as follows:

The Scheme study area is primarily rural in nature but the proliferation of one-off detached housing will offer a high level of constraint to the development of the Route Corridor Options. In conjunction with rural housing developments, the main population centres within County

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Monaghan such as Monaghan Town and Emyvale Village require careful consideration during the next phase.

The Blackwater, Mountain Water and Corr Rivers are considered to be major constraints due to the engineering and environmental requirements when crossing river channels. The Route Corridor Options should therefore minimise the number of river crossings where possible.

ESB transmission lines, public and private water and waste water supply facilities are all present throughout the study area presenting varying levels of constraints to the development of Route Corridor Options.

The key ecological constraints are represented by seven designated pNHA conservation areas within or adjacent to the boundaries of the study area.

The bedrock geology to the north of Monaghan Town poses no major constraint. To the south of Monaghan Town areas of bedrock outcrops are mapped which may require cuttings to be formed. In these areas rock extracted for the formation of cuttings may be suitable for re-use during the construction phase of the road. Where rock outcrops are encountered to the north of the study area they are likely to be softer compared to those in the southern part of the study area. Formation of cuttings in the softer material is achievable but will require further investigation during the detailed design and construction phases of the Scheme. The geology in the area runs from north to south and therefore the N2 route is likely to encounter each of the rock types. An area of limestone aquifer exists to the north of Monaghan Town and therefore care should be taken as there is the potential for karst solution features within this area (see Section 7.3.6.3).

There are two main type of deposits identified within the constraints area as being potentially unstable ground; these are peat and alluvial deposits.

In general Route Corridor Options should be acceptable from an aquatic constraints standpoint as a wide range of mitigation measures are available during road design, construction and operational phases.

The evaluation of landscape and visual constraints within the study area has identified a number of landscape and visual constraints. These vary in terms of significance of impact depending on the sensitivity of the landscape or receptor, the magnitude of the impact and its duration.

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Based on the assessment of the cultural heritage constraints within the CSA, the following sites are considered as key constraints:

• The ringfort (CSS 111a) in Tiravera townland and known locally as ‘Doonduff’ listed in the Register of Historic Monuments as No. 1928 (Appendix 1). • All three sites listed in the Record of Protected Structures that are also RMP sites (CSS 11a, CSS 101a and CSS 133a) and the one graveyard, Mousewood graveyard (CSS 213), which is listed on the RPS only (Appendix 1). • The two site specific cultural heritage features (CSS 223 and CSS 224) (Appendix 1). • All other sites (key constraints) listed in Appendix 1 of which there are 213. • All other RMP sites, which are afforded statutory protection, should be considered as constraints (Appendix 1). • All unregistered cultural heritage sites should be considered as constraints. • Areas of Archaeological Potential.

Based on the assessment of the architectural heritage within the study area, the following sites are considered as key constraints: • All sites listed as National Monuments. • All sites listed in the Register of Historic Monuments. • All sites subject to a Preservation Order (temporary or full). • All sites listed in the Record of Protected Structures. • All Architectural Conservation Areas. • All sites in the ownership or guardianship of the Local Authority or of the Office of Public Works. • All other sites so designated in the report.

Several noise-sensitive receptors have been identified in the vicinity of the existing N2, N12, N54 and other minor roads.

The main agriculture constraints include high quality agricultural land, farm yards, and sensitive farm enterprises (dairy and equine).

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The drumlin terrain has potential to visually conceal a major road scheme, therefore the route option design should be sensitive to the attractiveness of the landscape, its amenity value and the area’s potential for tourism.

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17 References

17.1 Ecology – Flora, Habitats, Ornithology

BEC (2008). National Survey of Native Woodlands 2003 – 2008. Volume 1: Main Report. Unpublished report submitted to National Parks and Wildlife Service.

BEC (2008). National Survey of Native Woodlands 2003 – 2008. Volume 2: Woodland Classification. Unpublished report submitted to National Parks and Wildlife Service.

BEC (2008). National Survey of Native Woodlands 2003 – 2008. Volume 3a: Site reports 1 – 507. Unpublished report submitted to National Parks and Wildlife Service.

BEC (2008). National Survey of Native Woodlands 2003 – 2008. Volume 3b: Site reports 508 - 984. Unpublished report submitted to National Parks and Wildlife Service.

BEC (2008). National Survey of Native Woodlands 2003 – 2008. Volume 3c: Site reports 987 - 1486. Unpublished report submitted to National Parks and Wildlife Service.

Council of the European Communities (1992). Council Directive of 21 May 1992 on The Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (92/43/EEC). O. J. L 206/35, 22 July 1992.

Council of the European Communities (1979). Council Directive of 02 April 1979 on the Conservation of Wild Birds (79/409/EEC). O. J. L. 103, 25 April 1979.

Foss, P.J. & Crushell, P. (2007). Monaghan Fen Survey 2007. Report for the Monaghan County Council & National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Ireland. Volumes 1-3.

Foss, P.J. & Crushell, P. (2008). Monaghan Fen Survey II 2008. Report for Monaghan County Council & The Heritage Council, Ireland. Volumes 1-3.

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NRA (2004). Guidelines for Assessment of Ecological Impacts of National Road Schemes. National Roads Authority.

Wildlife Act (1976). Government of Ireland.

Wildlife (Amendment) Act (2000). Government of Ireland.

17.2 Ecology - Mammals

Keeley B. (2003). A Bat and Badger Assessment of the N2 Carrickmacross to Aclint Road Realignment.

Keeley, B., Mullen, D. and Ryan B. (2005). A Mammal Assessment of the N2 Realignment Clontibret to Castleblayney.

Bat Conservation Ireland database.

National Parks and Wildlife Service website.

Biology.ie website.

Hayden, Tom and Harrington, Rory (2000). Exploring Irish Mammals. Town House and Country House Ltd. ISBN 1-186059-093-4.

Personal Communication: Tríona Finnen, Denis O’Higgins, Peadar Morgan NPWS Conservation Rangers.

17.3 Geology and Hydrogeology

Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI) Geology of Monaghan – Carlingford and 1:100,000 Map Sheet 8/9.

Ordnance Survey Ireland Discovery Series 28A & 28B 1:50,000 Map.

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Teagasc Soil and Subsoil database.

17.4 Cultural Heritage

Aalen, F.H.A., Whelan, K., Stout, M. 1997, 8-17.

Bennett, I. 1998-2008. Excavations Bulletin. Summary Accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland. Wordwell Limited

Brindley, A. L. 1986 Archaeological Inventory of County Monaghan. Stationery Office, Dublin.

Clinton, M. 2001 The Souterrains of Ireland. Wordwell.

County Monaghan Landscape Character Assessment, 2008. Compiled for Monaghan County Council by Environmental Resources Management.

Edwards, N. 1990 The Archaeology of Early Medieval Ireland. Routledge.

Flanagan, D., Flanagan, L. 2002 Irish Place Names. Gill and Macmillan, Ireland.

Lewis, S. 1837 Topographical Dictionary of Ireland.

Livingstone, P. 1980 The Monaghan Story. Clogher Historical Society, Enniskillen.

Monaghan County Development Plan, 2007-2013.

National Roads Authority Guidelines for the Assessment of Archaeological Heritage Impacts of National Road Schemes 2005.

O’Conor, K. D. 1998 The Archaeology of Medieval Rural Settlement in Ireland. Discovery programme Monographs 3. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.

O’Connor, P. J. 2001 Atlas of Irish Place-Names. Oireacht na Mumhan Books, County Limerick.

O’Keeffe, T. 2000 Medieval Ireland. Tempus Publishing Limited.

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O’Sullivan, A. 1998 The Archaeology of Lake Settlement in Ireland. Discovery Programme Monographs 4. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. Sweetman, D. 1999 The Medieval Castles of Ireland. The Collins Press, Cork .

Power, P. 1923 Placenames and Antiquities. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Vol. 34C. Stout, M. (1997). The Irish Ringfort. Four Courts Press, Dublin.

Sweetman, D. (2000) The Man-Made Heritage: The Legislative and Institutional Framework in Buttimer, N., Rynne, C. and Guerin, H. The Heritage of Ireland, The Collins Press, Cork.

Walsh, F. 2006 Neolithic Monanny, County Monaghan in O’Sullivan, J. and Stanley, M. (eds) Settlement, Industry and Ritual, Archaeology and the National Roads Authority, Monograph Series No. 3.

Walsh, F. 2007 Annagh 1, Annahagh 2, Tullyhirm 2 in Bennett, I. 2007 Excavations Bulletin 2004: Summary Accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland. Wordwell Limited.

17.5 Architectural Heritage

Books

Andrews, J. N. A Paper Landscape. The Ordnance Survey in Nineteenth-Century Ireland. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2002 (1975).

Bence-Jones, Mark. Burke’s Guide to Country Houses, vol. 1: Ireland. London: Burke’s Peerage Limited, 1988 (1978).

Broderick, David. The First Toll-Roads. Ireland’s Turnpike Roads 1729-1858. Cork: The Collins Press, 2002.

Coote, Sir Charles. Statistical Survey of the County of Monaghan. Dublin: Graisberry & Campbell, 1801.

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Cox, R. C. and Gould, M. H. Civil Engineering Heritage. Ireland. London: Thomas Telford Publications, 1998.

Craig, Maurice. The Architecture of Ireland from the Earliest Times to 1880. Portrane: Lambay Books, 1997 (1982).

Craig, Maurice. Classic Irish Houses of the Middle Size. London: The Architectural Press Ltd., 1976.

Craig, Maurice and Craig, Michael. Mausolea Hibernica. Dublin: The Lilliput Press, 1999.

Dunne, Mildred and Browner, Gerry. Courthouses of Ireland. Kilkenny: The Heritage Council, 1999.

Hamond, Fred. Industrial Heritage Survey of Mills in County Monaghan. Monaghan County Council, jointly funded by the Heritage Council, 2006.

Hamond, F., Friel, C. and ARR. An Industrial Heritage Survey of Railways in Counties Monaghan and Louth. Monaghan County Council, Louth County Council jointly funded by the Heritage Council, 2007.

Hamond, Fred. An Industrial Heritage Survey of the Ulster Canal in County Monaghan. Monaghan County Council, jointly funded by the Heritage Council, 2007.

Johnson, Stephen. Johnson’s Atlas and Gazetteer of the Railways of Ireland. Leicester: Midland Publishing Ltd., 1997.

Killanin, Lord and Duignan, Michael V. The Shell Guide to Ireland. London: Ebury Press, 1962.

Lewis, Samuel. A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland. London: Lewis & Co., 1837.

Livingstone, Fr. Peadar. The Monaghan Story: A Documented History of the County Monaghan from the Earliest Times to 1976. Enniskillen: Clogher Historical Society, 1980.

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McCutcheon, William Alan. The Industrial Archaeology of Northern Ireland. Belfast: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1980.

O’Keeffe, Peter and Simington, Tom. Irish Stone Bridges. History and Heritage. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1991.

Rothery, Seán. A Field Guide to the Buildings of Ireland. Dublin: The Lillliput Press, 1997.

Rushe, Denis Carolan. History of Monaghan for Two Hundred Years 1660-1860. Preface by Shane Leslie. Dundalk: William Tempest, 1921.

Rynne, Colin. Industrial Ireland 1750-1930. An Archaeology. Cork: Collins Press, 2006.

Shaffrey, Patrick and Maura. Buildings of Irish Towns: Treasures of Everyday Architecture. Dublin: The O’Brien Press, 1985.

Shaffrey, Patrick and Maura. Irish Countryside Buildings: Everyday Architecture in the Rural Landscape. Dublin: The O’Brien Press, 1985.

Shirley, Evelyn Philip. The History of the County of Monaghan. London: Pickering, 1879.

Taylor, George and Skinner, Andrew. Maps of the Roads of Ireland. Published for the authors, 1778.

Williams, Jeremy. Architecture in Ireland 1837-1921. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1994

Young, Arthur. Arthur Young’s Tour in Ireland 1776-1779. London: George Bell and Sons, 1892 (1780).

Websites http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/Surveys/Gardens/ http://irish-architecture.com/buildings_ireland/monaghan/ http://www.ulstercanal.org/

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17.6 Air Quality

(1) NRA (2006) Guidelines for the Treatment of Air Quality During the Planning and Construction of National Road Schemes.

(2) UK DEFRA (2003) Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Vol 11 Chapter 3 (Document & Calculation Spreadsheet).

(3) EPA (2008) http://www.epa.ie/whatwedo/licensing/ippc.

(4) World Health Organisation (2006) Air Quality Guidelines - Global Update 2005 (and previous Air Quality Guideline Reports 1999 & 2000).

(5) EPA (2008) Air Quality in Ireland 2007 - Key Indicators of Ambient Air Quality (& previous annual reports 1997-2006).

(6) EPA (2009) http://www.epa.ie/whatwedo/monitoring/air.

17.7 Agronomy

The Census of Agriculture in 2000, Central Statistics Office.

EPA Environmental Maps, EPA Website, EPA.ie and digital data sets provided by EPA.

1980 Soils Map of Ireland, An Foras Talúntais.

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Appendix 1 A – Cultural Heritage Constraints Database

CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 1 264490 326930 MO013-025---- Greagh Megalithic Tomb Neolithic None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No - Court Tomb 21 2 266645 326930 MO013-027---- Cavanagarvan Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 575 3 271307 327147 MO014-023---- Cordevlis north Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 618 4 267199 327656 MO013-026---- Lisnashannagh Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 995 5 269100 327790 MO013-042---- Lisnalee Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 334 6 271810 327650 MO014-024---- Kilnacran Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 900 7 273225 327666 MO014-025---- Corfad Standing Stone Bronze None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Age 62 8 264033 328254 MO013-023--- Ballagh Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No possible 379 9 266068 328159 MO013-045---- Drummuck Mound possible Bronze None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None Age 10 273480 328640 MO014-018---- Annahuby Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 518 12 264400 328788 MO013-016 Ballagh/kiltubrid Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 78 13 265120 328863 MO013-017---- Leck Inauguration Site Undefined The Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No possible McMahon’s 71 Stone

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CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 14 266955 328765 MO013-019---- Knockaturly Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 120 15 267530 329087 MO013-020---- Lissaraw Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1002 16 273413 329556 MO014-015---- Legnacreeve Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 325 17 273210 329320 MO014-016---- Legnacreeve Ringfort-Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 923 18 273254 329201 MO014-017---- Legnacreeve Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 326 19 266033 329639 MO013-018--- Tullyard Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 471 20 269357 329974 MO013-010---- Ramanny Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1074 21 270980 329570 MO01413---- Lisleitrim Ringfort - Rath Early Lisleitrim Fort Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 972 23 273250 330450 MO014-004- Creeve Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 680 24 274310 330201 MO014-038---- Lisaginny Souterrain Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 174 25 275136 330636 MO014-007---- Lisglassan Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 956 26 275530 330170 MO014-041---- Tullybuck Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None possible 27 274660 330300 MO014-043---- Moy otra Souterrain Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None possible Medieval 29 275740 330030 MO014-008- Lisglassan Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 957 30 264450 330580 MO013-015---- Crumlin Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None possible

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CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 31 264737 330481 MO013-005---- Cornaglare Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 414 32 267480 330760 MO013-043---- Sheetrim Ritual Site - Holy Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None Well possible 33 269066 330708 MO013-009---- Rakeeragh Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1071 34 272214 330848 MO014-003---- Rackwallace Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1063 35 273950 330780 MO014-005---- Corlust Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No possible 383 36 266640 331320 MO013-008---- Cornamunady Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 246 37 271739 331529 MO014-001---- Aghnagap Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 397 38 273153 331611 MO014-002---- Castleshane Demesne Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 408 39 265002 331537 MO013-006---- Killycushil Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 876 40 266060 331480 MO013-007---- Killydrutan Megalithic Tomb Neolithic None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No - Court Tomb 23 41 271740 331877 MO010-008---- Listraheagny Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1006 42 272505 331861 MO010-010---- Cordevlis Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 234 43 265623 331855 MO009-050---- Killydrutan Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 879 44 266170 331840 MO009-051---- Skeagarvey Megalithic Tomb Neolithic None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No - Unclassified 33 45 273505 332289 MO010-013---- Castleshane Demesne Ringfort - Rath Early Shanes Fort Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 573

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CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 46 264450 333020 MO009-049---- Ballyleck Castle - Post None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No Unclassified Medieval 1222 possible 47 265206 332251 MO009-073---- Camla Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None possible 48 264967 332484 MO009-072---- Camla Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None possible 49 265556 332342 MO009-064---- Gortakeeghan Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None 50 265815 332437 MO009-063---- Gortakeeghan Megalithic Tomb Neolithic None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Regional None - Unclassified 51 269850 332580 MO009-055---- Bellanagall Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 205 52 273135 332787 MO010-011---- Lismenan Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 452 53 274362 332876 MO010-015---- Greenmount Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None possible 55 266826 332851 MO009-067---- Tully Mound Bronze None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None Age 56 265443 333296 MO009-065---- Cornecassa Demesne Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None 57 266930 333290 MO009-037001- Mullaghmonaghan Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None Medieval 58 266940 333290 MO009-037---- Mullaghmonaghan Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 134 59 267910 333370 MO009-044---- Latlorcan Burial Ground Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None 60 270915 333173 MO010-007---- Lisdrumdoagh Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 451 61 272380 333000 MO010-009---- Cordevlis Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 615 62 273490 333110 MO010-012---- Tiravray Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1116

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CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 63 265508 333620 MO009-066---- Cornecassa Demesne Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None possible Medieval 64 267180 333730 MO009-060---- Kilnacloy, Town Post Monaghan Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Regional None Mullaghmona Medieval Town 65 267086 333888 New RMP No. - Mullaghmonaghan Burial Ground Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local Old RMP MO009-060001- number now possible (Old RMP No. only on RMP MO009-038) Printed Manual and Archaeolgical Inventory 66 267216 333681 New RMP No. - Roosky Religious House Medieval None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional Old RMP MO009-060002- Inventory No number now - Franciscan (Old RMP No. 1173 only on RMP MO009-039) Printed Manual and Archaeolgical Inventory 67 267267 333720 New RMP No. - Roosky Castle - Post None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional Old RMP MO009-060003- Inventory No number now Unclassified Medieval (Old RMP No. 1219 only on RMP MO009-040) Printed Manual and Archaeolgical Inventory 68 268775 334034 MO009-076---- Annahagh Fulacht Fia Bronze None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None Age 69 267173 333712 New RMP No. - Roosky Burial Ground Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local Old RMP MO009-060005- number now (Old RMP No. - only on RMP MO009-042) Printed Manual and Archaeolgical Inventory 70 267492 333583 New RMP No. - Tirkeenan Market Cross Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local Old RMP MO009-060006- number now (Old RMP No. - only on RMP MO009-043). Printed Manual and Archaeolgical Inventory

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CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 71 266903 333845 New RMP No. - Mullaghmonaghan Bastioned Fort Post None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional Old RMP MO009-060007- Inventory No number now Medieval (Old RMP No. - 1217 only on RMP MO009-056) Printed Manual and Archaeolgical Inventory 72 267210 334140 MO009-061---- Kilnacloy Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None possible Medieval 73 268058 334248 MO009-062---- Roosky Barrow - Bronze None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None Unclassified Age possible 74 268867 334061 MO009-075---- Annahagh Fulacht Fia Bronze None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None Age 75 271734 334305 MO010-005---- Fedoo Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 829 76 273570 334140 MO010-006---- Garran otra Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 297 77 273690 334730 MO010-017---- Garran itra Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 296 78 264460 334480 MO009-053---- Tullycroman Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No possible 396 79 264740 334580 MO009-034---- Newgrove Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 353 80 268388 334712 MO009-074---- Tullyhirm Fulacht Fia Bronze None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None possible Age 81 269069 334851 MO009-068---- Drumrutagh Ritual Site - Holy Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None Tree/Bush 82 271760 335130 MO010-016---- Kildoagh Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 309 83 272795 335028 MO010-004---- Annacramph Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 503 84 264240 335231 MO009-019--- Drumreask Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 110

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CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 85 264187 335048 MO009-020--- Drumreask Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 111 86 264305 335052 MO009-021--- Drumreask Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 112 87 264337 335014 MO009-022--- Drumreask Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 113 88 264738 335365 MO009-023---- Raconnell Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 465 89 265330 335180 MO009-024---- Corknock Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No possible 475 90 270230 335290 MO009-032---- Carn Cairn Bronze None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Age 46 91 269780 335360 MO009-031---- Liscarney Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 941 92 273300 335710 MO010-018---- Killyneill Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None 93 265866 335765 MO009-069---- Crosses Hearth Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None 94 265924 335810 MO009-070---- Crosses Hearth Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None 95 265930 335818 MO009-071---- Crosses Hearth Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None 96 265181 336197 MO009-017---- Drumbenagh Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 726 97 269300 335610 MO009-030---- Drumrutagh Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 285 98 269026 335878 MO009-026---- Eden island Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 441 99 268978 335968 MO009-027---- Eden island Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 816 100 269802 335948 MO009-029---- Lisnanore Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 453 102 269180 336330 MO009-025---- Crumlin Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 688

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CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 103 269420 336385 MO009-028---- Crumlin Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 687 104 270673 336779 MO010-002---- Drumgoole Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No possible 389 105 263920 337129 MO009-058--- Drumcoo (Jackson) Ringfort-Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None possible Medieval 106 264034 337276 MO009-006--- Drumcoo (Jackson) Ringfort-Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 738 107 264666 337018 MO009-007---- Clonkeady Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None 108 269403 336968 MO009-013---- Crumlin Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 258 109 268610 337330 MO009-010---- Straghan Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 656 110 269394 337128 MO009-012---- Crumlin Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 257 112 267770 337720 MO009-057---- Enagh Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 1249 113 267810 337860 MO009-009---- Enagh Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 829 114 267423 337997 MO009-008---- Mullabrack (Scott) Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1030 115 269411 337763 MO009-011---- Faulkland Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 828 116 269620 337850 MO009-059---- Faulkland Castle - Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Regional None Unclassified 117 264722 338496 MO006-023---- Mullyera Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1049 118 267610 338850 MO006-024---- Drumcaw Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 426

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CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 120 267970 339060 MO006-028---- Drumcaw Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Medieval Inventory No 104 121 269247 339128 MO006-016---- Billis Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 206 122 265840 339720 MO006-014---- Corraghbrack Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 658 123 268008 339736 MO006-015---- Belderg Battlefield Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Regional None possible 124 263970 340080 MO006-013 Aghaclogha Ringfort-Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 479 125 268580 340090 MO006-032---- Drumgaghan Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None possible 126 264606 341244 MO006-009---- Drumdart Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 742 127 266387 341142 MO006-010---- Tullyard Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 369 128 269000 341200 MO006-012---- Dundonagh Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 804 130 272389 340743 MO007-012---- Tonyhamigan Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No possible Medieval 156 131 268010 341740 MO006-011---- Derryhallagh Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 259 132 271320 341970 MO007-006---- Drumbanagher Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 425 134 268203 342303 MO006-006--- Tully Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1132 135 269630 342130 MO006-026--- Stramore Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 359 136 269950 342330 MO006-008---- Desert Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 263

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CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 137 269794 342404 MO006-034---- Desert Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None possible Medieval 138 266400 342820 MO006-027---- Inishdevlin Children’s Burial Undefined Caldragh Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Ground poss 1202 139 267900 342620 MO006-029---- Cornacreeve Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 94 140 268838 342581 MO006-007---- Pullis Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1061 141 268318 342733 MO006-005---- Tully Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1131 142 266990 343050 MO006-002---- Derrynashallog Castle - Post None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No Unclassified Medieval 1226 possible 143 267570 343040 MO006-003---- Cornacreeve Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 644 144 271220 342940 MO007-013---- Derryhoosh Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None 145 272960 343160 MO007-005---- Corraghdown Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 250 146 271360 343400 MO007-003---- Mullaliss Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1040 147 272610 343720 MO007-004---- Leek Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 323 148 265486 343838 MO006-001---- Davagh Otra Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 417 149 267680 343890 MO006-030---- Scarnageeragh Cist Bronze None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Age 59 150 269104 343562 MO006-004---- Derrygassan Lower, Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Emy Medieval 114 151 266131 344535 MO003-042---- Dunmadigan Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 808

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 A1-11

CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 152 266112 344687 MO003-041---- Dunmadigan Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 807 153 265572 344874 MO003-039---- Sogher Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No possible 395 154 266625 344819 MO003-043---- Dungillick Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 806 155 267384 345015 MO003-044---- Knockakirwan Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 905 156 268716 344585 MO003-045---- Emy Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 820 157 270910 344290 MO007-001---- Tonyshandeny Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1124 158 271880 344297 MO007-002---- Monmurry Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1023 159 271205 344602 MO004-002---- Killyrean Upper Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 312 160 271988 344495 MO004-003---- Monmurry Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 345 161 266202 345146 MO003-040---- Killybressal Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No possible 390 162 266180 345582 MO003-037---- Lisavargy Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 449 163 267099 345571 MO003-038---- Lenagh Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 448 164 266028 345886 MO003-036---- Lisgrew Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 960 165 268608 346086 MO003-035---- Killakeady Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 867 166 265500 346450 MO003-031---- Dundian Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 803

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 A1-12

CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 167 266867 346524 MO003-032---- Killycorran Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 874 168 265153 346699 MO003-029---- Liskenna Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 968 169 265053 346992 MO003-028---- Liskenna Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 967 170 265789 347032 MO003-030---- Glasmullagh Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 844 171 265050 347620 MO003-017---- Killyleck (Anketell) Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 886 172 267531 347625 MO003-026---- Mullananallog Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1046 173 268782 347406 MO003-033---- Cavan (Cope) Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 409 174 270054 347520 MO003-034---- Figullar Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 832 175 263494 348179 MO003-023---- Derrylea beg Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 697 176 265597 348295 MO003-024---- Dernacoo Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 418 177 266334 348248 MO003-025---- Gorticleave Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 848 178 268056 348085 MO003-027---- Mullananallog Crannog Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 137 179 263219 349423 MO003-009---- Tireran Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1117 180 263831 349302 MO003-010---- Dernagola Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 695 181 264882 349188 MO003-011---- Killyreask Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 891

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 A1-13

CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 182 265610 349244 MO003-016---- Mullanacross Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1042 183 266071 349200 MO003-018001- Mullanderg Ritual Site - Holy Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None Well 185 266679 348967 MO003-019---- Mullaghcor Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1033 186 267211 348934 MO003-020---- Killydonagh Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 877 187 263160 349830 MO003-047---- Killyslavan Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 892 188 263200 349770 MO003-048---- Killyslavan Earthwork Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 893 189 263950 350000 MO003-005---- Urlish Graveyard Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 1201 190 264948 350175 MO003-050---- Skinnahergna Hilltop Enclosure Iron Age None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Regional None 191 265557 350344 MO003-012---- Ivy hill Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 860 192 266016 350020 MO003-014---- Moy Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 460 193 267109 350079 MO003-015---- Lisroosky Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1001 194 263194 350424 MO003-003---- Drumbirn Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 728 195 263739 350374 MO003-007---- Mullanafinnog Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1044 196 263581 350535 MO003-006---- Mullanafinnog Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1043 197 264253 350771 MO001-006---- Raflacony Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1067 198 266153 350539 MO003-013---- Moy Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1025

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 A1-14

CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 199 266056 350804 MO001-009---- Aghaderry Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 482 200 264114 351091 MO001-005---- Clonacullan Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 580 201 264807 351060 MO001-008---- Aghadrumcru Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 485 202 263620 351350 MO001-004---- Dromore Enclosure Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No 422 203 264680 351470 MO001-007---- Derrylevick Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 699 204 263232 351532 MO001-010---- Clonisboyle Ritual Site - Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None Holy/Saint’s St 205 264546 351633 MO001-003---- Derrylevick Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 698 206 263230 351800 MO001-002---- Clonisboyle Ringfort - Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 585 207 275777 331459 MO014-045--- Ennis Souterrain Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Local None Medieval 208 265923 327224 None Corcaghan Graveyard Undefined St Michael’s Monaghan 41401309 RPS NO None NO NO Yes Regional None Catholic Church 209 273911 329755 None Legnacreeve Graveyard Undefined Clontibret First Monaghan NO None NO None NO NO Yes Regional None Presbyterian Church 210 272725 328324 None Braddocks Graveyard Undefined Presbyterian Monaghan 41401402 RPS NO None NO NO Yes Regional None Church 211 274862 330223 None Tullybuck Graveyard Undefined St. Mary’s RC Monaghan 41401409 RPS NO None NO NO Yes Regional None church 212 265347 330426 None Tullyard Mausoleum Undefined None Monaghan 41401305 RPS NO None NO NO Yes Regional Mausoleum associated with Rossmore Castle

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 A1-15

CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 213 267016 334568 None Kilnacloy Graveyard Undefined Mousewood Monaghan Local 32 RPS NO None NO NO Yes Regional None graveyard 214 267523 335333 None Derrynagrew Graveyard Undefined Presbyterian Monaghan 41400941 RPS NO None NO NO Yes Regional None Church 215 272222 335944 None Leitrim Graveyard Undefined St. Patrick’s Monaghan 41401003 RPS NO None NO NO Yes Regional None RC Church 216 267600 342532 None Carrigans Graveyard Undefined Presbyterian Monaghan NO None NO None NO NO Yes Regional None Church 217 267562 341285 None Derryhallagh Graveyard Undefined St. Patrick’s Monaghan NO None NO None NO NO Yes Regional None RC Church 218 271755 341765 None Drumbanagher Graveyard Undefined None Monaghan Local 27 RPS NO None NO NO Yes Regional None

219 270535 342262 None Letloonigan Graveyard Undefined Presbyterian Monaghan NO None NO None NO NO Yes Regional None Church 220 263249 345915 None Drumbristan Graveyard Undefined Carrickroe Monaghan Local 31 RPS NO None NO NO Yes Regional None Church of the Sacred Heart 221 267407 347081 None Knockconan Graveyard Undefined St Mary’s RC Monaghan NO None NO None NO NO Yes Regional None Church 222 263621 350818 None Tavanagh Graveyard Undefined St. Patrick’s Monaghan NO None NO None NO NO Yes Regional None RC Church 223 NA NA None Several Canal Nineteenth Ulster Canal Monaghan/ NO None NO None NO NO Yes Regional None century Armagh/ Fermanagh 224 NA NA None Several Disused railway Nineteenth Ulster Monaghan NO None NO None NO NO Yes Regional None century Railway 101a 271410 336070 MO010-003001- Templetate Church Early St. Cilian’s Monaghan 41401001 RMP & RPS NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No Medieval 1180 101b 271410 336070 MO010-003002- Templetate Graveyard Early St. Cillian’s Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No Medieval Church 1180 graveyard

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 A1-16

CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 111a 270886 337305 MO010-001001- Tiravera Ringfort - Rath Early Doonduff’ Monaghan NO RMP and RHM NO Monaghan NO 1928 Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 1115 111b 270886 337305 MO010-001002- Tiravera Hut Site possible Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None Medieval 111c 270886 337305 MO010-001003- Tiravera Hut Site Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO No Local None Medieval 119a 264095 339026 MO006-022001- Mullanarockan Church Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No Medieval 1176 119b 264095 339026 MO006-022002- Mullanarockan Graveyard Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No Medieval 1176 11a 275800 328960 MO014-019001- Gallagh Church Medieval None Monaghan 41401411 RMP & RPS NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No 1165 11b 275800 328960 MO014-019002- Gallagh Graveyard Medieval None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No 1165 129a 270440 340890 MO007-007001- Donagh Church Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No Medieval 1161 129b 270440 340890 MO007-007002- Donagh Cross Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO No Regional None Inventory No Medieval 1161 129c 270440 340890 MO007-007003- Donagh Cross Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO No Regional None Inventory No Medieval 1161 129d 270440 340890 MO007-007004- Donagh Graveyard Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No Medieval 1161 133a 272230 341690 MO007-014001- Glaslough Church Undefined St. Salvator’s Monaghan 41400719 RMP &RPS NO None NO NO Yes Regional None 133b 272230 341690 MO007-014002- Glaslough Graveyard Undefined St. Salvator’s Monaghan NO RMP NO None NO NO Yes Regional None Church Graveyard 184a 266071 349144 MO003-018002- Mullanacross Church Medieval None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No 1174 184b 266071 349144 MO003-018003- Mullanacross Graveyard Medieval None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No 1174

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 A1-17

CSS Easting Northing RMP Townland Site Type Period Site Name County RPS No. Statutory National Inventory TPO Reg. Key Perceived Comments No. Protection Monument No. Hist. Constraints Importance Mon. 184c 266071 349144 MO003-018004- Mullanacross Stone Head Medieval None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO No Local None Inventory No (original location) 1174 184d 266071 349144 MO003-018005- Mullanacross Stone Head Medieval None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO No Local None Inventory No (original location) 1174 184e 266071 349144 MO003-018006- Mullanacross Sheela-Na-Gig Undefined None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO No Local None Inventory No (original location) 1174 22a 272240 330060 MO014-014001---- Rackwallace Church Post None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No medieval 1177 22b 272240 330060 MO014-014002-- Rackwallace Graveyard Post None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No Medieval 1177 28a 274079 330706 MO014-006002- Lisaginny Souterrain Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 173 28b 274079 330706 MO014-006001- Lisaginny Ringfort-Rath Early None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Local None Inventory No Medieval 932 67a 267278 333779 MO009-060004- Roosky Town Defences Post None Monaghan NO RMP NO Monaghan NO NO Yes Regional None Inventory No Medieval 1220

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 A1-18

B – Key Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Constraints Within the CSA and Perceived Importance

CSS No. RMP Townland Site Type Perceived Importance 1 MO013-025---- Greagh Megalithic Tomb - Court Tomb Regional 2 MO013-027---- Cavanagarvan Ringfort - Rath Local 3 MO014-023---- Cordevlis north Ringfort - Rath Local 4 MO013-026---- Lisnashannagh Ringfort - Rath Local 5 MO013-042---- Lisnalee Earthwork Local 6 MO014-024---- Kilnacran Ringfort - Rath Local 7 MO014-025---- Corfad Standing Stone Local 8 MO013-023--- Ballagh Earthwork possible Local 10 MO014-018---- Annahuby Ringfort - Rath Local 12 MO013-016 Ballagh/kiltubrid Crannog Local 13 MO013-017---- Leck Inauguration Site possible Local 14 MO013-019---- Knockaturly Crannog Local 15 MO013-020---- Lissaraw Ringfort - Rath Local 16 MO014-015---- Legnacreeve Earthwork Local 17 MO014-016---- Legnacreeve Ringfort-Rath Local 18 MO014-017---- Legnacreeve Earthwork Local 19 MO013-018--- Tullyard Enclosure Local 20 MO013-010---- Ramanny Ringfort - Rath Local 21 MO01413---- Lisleitrim Ringfort - Rath Local 23 MO014-004- Creeve Enclosure Local 24 MO014-038---- Lisaginny Souterrain Local 25 MO014-007---- Lisglassan Ringfort - Rath Local 26 MO014-041---- Tullybuck Earthwork possible Local 27 MO014-043---- Moy otra Souterrain possible Local 29 MO014-008- Lisglassan Ringfort - Rath Local 30 MO013-015---- Crumlin Earthwork possible Local 31 MO013-005---- Cornaglare Enclosure Local 33 MO013-009---- Rakeeragh Ringfort - Rath Local 34 MO014-003---- Rackwallace Ringfort - Rath Local 35 MO013-008---- Corlust Earthwork possible Local 36 MO014-008---- Cornamunady Earthwork Local 37 MO014-001---- Aghnagap Enclosure Local 38 MO014-002---- Castleshane Demesne Enclosure Local 39 MO013-006---- Killycushil Ringfort - Rath Local 40 MO013-007---- Killydrutan Megalithic Tomb - Court Tomb Regional 41 MO010-008---- Listraheagny Ringfort - Rath Local 42 MO010-010---- Cordevlis Earthwork Local 43 MO009-050---- Killydrutan Ringfort - Rath Local 44 MO009-051---- Skeagarvey Megalithic Tomb - Unclassified Regional 45 MO010-013---- Castleshane Demesne Ringfort - Rath Local 46 MO009-049---- Ballyleck Castle - Unclassified possible Regional 47 MO009-073---- Camla Enclosure possible Local

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 A1-19

CSS No. RMP Townland Site Type Perceived Importance 48 MO009-072---- Camla Enclosure possible Local 49 MO009-064---- Gortakeeghan Enclosure Local 50 MO009-063---- Gortakeeghan Megalithic Tomb - Unclassified Regional 51 MO009-055---- Bellanagall Earthwork Local 52 MO010-011---- Lismenan Enclosure Local 53 MO010-015---- Greenmount Enclosure possible Local 56 MO009-065---- Cornecassa Demesne Enclosure Local 57 MO009-037001- Mullaghmonaghan Crannog Local 58 MO009-037---- Mullaghmonaghan Crannog Local 59 MO009-044---- Latlorcan Burial Ground Local 60 MO010-007---- Lisdrumdoagh Enclosure Local 61 MO010-009---- Cordevlis Ringfort - Rath Local 62 MO010-012---- Tiravray Ringfort - Rath Local 63 MO009-066---- Cornecassa Demesne Ringfort - Rath possible Local 64 MO009-060---- Kilnacloy, Mullaghmona Town Regional 65 MO009-060001- Mullaghmonaghan Burial Ground possible Local 66 MO009-060002- Roosky Religious House - Franciscan Regional 67 MO009-060003- Roosky Castle - Unclassified Regional 69 MO009-060005- Roosky Burial Ground Local 71 MO009-060007- Mullaghmonaghan Bastioned Fort Regional 72 MO009-061---- Kilnacloy Ringfort - Rath possible Local 73 MO009-062---- Roosky Barrow - Unclassified possible Local 75 MO010-005---- Fedoo Ringfort - Rath Local 76 MO010-006---- Garran otra Earthwork Local 77 MO010-017---- Garran itra Earthwork Local 78 MO009-053---- Tullycroman Earthwork possible Local 79 MO009-034---- Newgrove Earthwork Local 82 MO010-016---- Kildoagh Earthwork Local 83 MO010-004---- Annacramph Ringfort - Rath Local 84 MO009-019--- Drumreask Crannog Local 85 MO009-020--- Drumreask Crannog Local 86 MO009-021--- Drumreask Crannog Local 87 MO009-022--- Drumreask Crannog Local 88 MO009-023---- Raconnell Ringfort - Rath Local 89 MO009-024---- Corknock Enclosure possible Local 90 MO009-032---- Carn Cairn Local 91 MO009-031---- Liscarney Ringfort - Rath Local 92 MO010-018---- Killyneill Earthwork Local 96 MO009-017---- Drumbenagh Ringfort - Rath Local 97 MO009-030---- Drumrutagh Earthwork Local 98 MO009-026---- Eden island Enclosure Local 99 MO009-027---- Eden island Ringfort - Rath Local 100 MO009-029---- Lisnanore Enclosure Local 102 MO009-025---- Crumlin Ringfort - Rath Local 103 MO009-028---- Crumlin Ringfort - Rath Local 104 MO010-002---- Drumgoole Earthwork possible Local

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 A1-20

CSS No. RMP Townland Site Type Perceived Importance 105 MO009-058--- Drumcoo (Jackson) Ringfort-Rath possible Local 106 MO009-006--- Drumcoo (Jackson) Ringfort-Rath Local 107 MO009-007---- Clonkeady Earthwork Local 108 MO009-013---- Crumlin Earthwork Local 109 MO009-010---- Straghan Ringfort - Rath Local 110 MO009-012---- Crumlin Earthwork Local 112 MO009-057---- Enagh Earthwork Local 113 MO009-009---- Enagh Ringfort - Rath Local 114 MO009-008---- Mullabrack (Scott) Ringfort - Rath Local 115 MO009-011---- Faulkland Ringfort - Rath Local 116 MO009-059---- Faulkland Castle - Unclassified Regional 117 MO006-023---- Mullyera Ringfort - Rath Local 118 MO006-024---- Drumcaw Enclosure Local 120 MO006-028---- Drumcaw Crannog Local 121 MO006-016---- Billis Earthwork Local 122 MO006-014---- Corraghbrack Ringfort - Rath Local 123 MO006-015---- Belderg Battlefield possible Regional 124 MO006-013 Aghaclogha Ringfort-Rath Local 125 MO006-032---- Drumgaghan Enclosure possible Local 126 MO006-009---- Drumdart Ringfort - Rath Local 127 MO006-010---- Tullyard Earthwork Local 128 MO006-012---- Dundonagh Ringfort - Rath Local 130 MO007-012---- Tonyhamigan Crannog possible Local 131 MO006-011---- Derryhallagh Earthwork Local 132 MO007-006---- Drumbanagher Enclosure Local 134 MO006-006--- Tully Ringfort - Rath Local 135 MO006-026--- Stramore Earthwork Local 136 MO006-008---- Desert Earthwork Local 137 MO006-034---- Desert Ringfort - Rath possible Local 138 MO006-027---- Inishdevlin Children’s Burial Ground poss Local 139 MO006-029---- Cornacreeve Crannog Local 140 MO006-007---- Pullis Ringfort - Rath Local 141 MO006-005---- Tully Ringfort - Rath Local 142 MO006-002---- Derrynashallog Castle - Unclassified possible Regional 143 MO006-003---- Cornacreeve Ringfort - Rath Local 144 MO007-013---- Derryhoosh Enclosure Local 145 MO007-005---- Corraghdown Earthwork Local 146 MO007-003---- Mullaliss Ringfort - Rath Local 147 MO007-004---- Leek Earthwork Local 148 MO006-001---- Davagh Otra Enclosure Local 149 MO006-030---- Scarnageeragh Cist Local 150 MO006-004---- Derrygassan Lower, Emy Crannog Local 151 MO003-042---- Dunmadigan Ringfort - Rath Local 152 MO003-041---- Dunmadigan Ringfort - Rath Local 153 MO003-039---- Sogher Earthwork possible Local 154 MO003-043---- Dungillick Ringfort - Rath Local

N2 Clontibret to Northern Ireland Border Road Scheme Constraints Study Report Ref.: P45800-N2C2NI Constraints Study Report - Final.doc Final March 2010 A1-21

CSS No. RMP Townland Site Type Perceived Importance 155 MO003-044---- Knockakirwan Ringfort - Rath Local 156 MO003-045---- Emy Ringfort - Rath Local 157 MO007-001---- Tonyshandeny Ringfort - Rath Local 158 MO007-002---- Monmurry Ringfort - Rath Local 159 MO004-002---- Killyrean Upper Earthwork Local 160 MO004-003---- Monmurry Earthwork Local 161 MO003-040---- Killybressal Earthwork possible Local 162 MO003-037---- Lisavargy Enclosure Local 163 MO003-038---- Lenagh Enclosure Local 164 MO003-036---- Lisgrew Ringfort - Rath Local 165 MO003-035---- Killakeady Ringfort - Rath Local 166 MO003-031---- Dundian Ringfort - Rath Local 167 MO003-032---- Killycorran Ringfort - Rath Local 168 MO003-029---- Liskenna Ringfort - Rath Local 169 MO003-028---- Liskenna Ringfort - Rath Local 170 MO003-030---- Glasmullagh Ringfort - Rath Local 171 MO003-017---- Killyleck (Anketell) Earthwork Local 172 MO003-026---- Mullananallog Ringfort - Rath Local 173 MO003-033---- Cavan (Cope) Enclosure Local 174 MO003-034---- Figullar Ringfort - Rath Local 175 MO003-023---- Derrylea beg Ringfort - Rath Local 176 MO003-024---- Dernacoo Enclosure Local 177 MO003-025---- Gorticleave Ringfort - Rath Local 178 MO003-027---- Mullananallog Crannog Local 179 MO003-009---- Tireran Ringfort - Rath Local 180 MO003-010---- Dernagola Ringfort - Rath Local 181 MO003-011---- Killyreask Ringfort - Rath Local 182 MO003-016---- Mullanacross Ringfort - Rath Local 185 MO003-019---- Mullaghcor Ringfort - Rath Local 186 MO003-020---- Killydonagh Ringfort - Rath Local 187 MO003-047---- Killyslavan Earthwork Local 188 MO003-048---- Killyslavan Earthwork Local 189 MO003-005---- Urlish Graveyard Local 190 MO003-050---- Skinnahergna Hilltop Enclosure Regional 191 MO003-012---- Ivy hill Ringfort - Rath Local 192 MO003-014---- Moy Enclosure Local 193 MO003-015---- Lisroosky Ringfort - Rath Local 194 MO003-003---- Drumbirn Ringfort - Rath Local 195 MO003-007---- Mullanafinnog Ringfort - Rath Local 196 MO003-006---- Mullanafinnog Ringfort - Rath Local 197 MO001-006---- Raflacony Ringfort - Rath Local 198 MO003-013---- Moy Ringfort - Rath Local 199 MO001-009---- Aghaderry Ringfort - Rath Local 200 MO001-005---- Clonacullan Ringfort - Rath Local 201 MO001-008---- Aghadrumcru Ringfort - Rath Local 202 MO001-004---- Dromore Enclosure Local

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CSS No. RMP Townland Site Type Perceived Importance 203 MO001-007---- Derrylevick Ringfort - Rath Local 205 MO001-003---- Derrylevick Ringfort - Rath Local 206 MO001-002---- Clonisboyle Ringfort - Rath Local 207 MO014-045--- Ennis Souterrain Local 101a MO010-003001- Templetate Church Regional 101b MO010-003002- Templetate Graveyard Local 111a MO010-001001- Tiravera Ringfort - Rath Local 119a MO006-022001- Mullanarockan Church Regional 119b MO006-022002- Mullanarockan Graveyard Local 11a MO014-019001- Gallagh Church Regional 11b MO014-019002- Gallagh Graveyard Local 129a MO007-007001- Donagh Church Regional 129d MO007-007004- Donagh Graveyard Local 133a MO007-014001- Glaslough Church Regional 133b MO007-014002- Glaslough Graveyard Local 184a MO003-018002- Mullanacross Church Regional 184b MO003-018003- Mullanacross Graveyard Local 22a MO014-014001---- Rackwallace Church Regional 22b MO014-014002-- Rackwallace Graveyard Local 28a MO014-006002- Lisaginny Souterrain Local 28b MO014-006001- Lisaginny Ringfort-Rath Local 67a MO009-060004- Roosky Town Defences Regional None Corcaghan Graveyard Local 209 None Legnacreeve Graveyard Local 210 None Braddocks Graveyard Local 211 None Tullybuck Graveyard Local 212 None Tullyard Graveyard Local 213 None Kilnacloy Graveyard Local 214 None Derrynagrew Graveyard Local 215 None Leitrim Graveyard Local 216 None Carrigans Graveyard Local 217 None Derryhallagh Graveyard Local 218 None Drumbanagher Graveyard Local 219 None Letloonigan Graveyard Local 220 None Drumbristan Graveyard Local 221 None Knockconan Graveyard Local 222 None Tavanagh Graveyard Local 223 None Several Canal Regional 224 None Several Disused railway Regional

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C – Other Archaeological Constraints Within the CSA and Perceived Importance

CSS No. RMP Townland Site Type Perceived Importance 9 MO013-045---- Drummuck Mound possible Local 32 MO013-043---- Sheetrim Ritual Site - Holy Well possible Local 55 MO009-067---- Tully Mound Local 68 MO009-076---- Annahagh Fulacht Fia Local 70 MO009-060006- Tirkeenan Market Cross Local 74 MO009-075---- Annahagh Fulacht Fia Local 80 MO009-074---- Tullyhirm Fulacht Fia possible Local 81 MO009-068---- Drumrutagh Ritual Site - Holy Tree/Bush Local 93 MO009-069---- Crosses Hearth Local 94 MO009-070---- Crosses Hearth Local 95 MO009-071---- Crosses Hearth Local 183 MO003-018001- Mullanderg Ritual Site - Holy Well Local 204 MO001-010---- Clonisboyle Ritual Site - Holy/Saint’s St Local 111b MO010-001002- Tiravera Hut Site possible Local 111c MO010-001003- Tiravera Hut Site Local 129b MO007-007002- Donagh Cross Regional 129c MO007-007003- Donagh Cross Regional 184c MO003-018004- Mullanacross Stone Head (original location) Local 184d MO003-018005- Mullanacross Stone Head (original location) Local 184e MO003-018006- Mullanacross Sheela-Na-Gig (original location) Local

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D – Areas of Archaeological Potential (AAP)

CSS Site Perceived No. Easting Northing Townland Type Site Name Importance 225 263792 326990 Blackraw/Calliagh/Tattintlieve Lake Blackraw Lough Undetermined 226 264280 326902 Greagh/Tattintlieve Lake Greagh Lough Undetermined 227 264952 327338 Corcaghan/Greagh Lake Corcaghan Lough Undetermined 228 264342 328802 Ballagh/Togan/Leck Lake Ballagh Lough Undetermined 229 265501 328620 Leck/Drummuck Lake Drummuck Lough Undetermined 230 266854 328287 Lisnashannagh/Knockaturley/Tullygillen Lake Lisnashannagh Lough Undetermined 231 266854 328824 Knockaturley/Tullygillen/Beagh/Lissaraw Lake Knockaturly Lough Undetermined 232 264193 330064 Crumlin/Kiltubbrid Lake Crumlin Lough Undetermined 233 264987 330108 Cornaglare/Tullynarney Lake Cornaglare Lough Undetermined 234 268323 330083 Tenderages/Mullyknock/Leagh Lake Tenderages Lough Undetermined 235 264373 330796 Drumaclan/Crumlin Lake Drumaclan Lough Undetermined 236 265029 330820 Cornaglare/Corlattan Lake Priestfield Lough Undetermined 237 265901 330525 Tullyard Lake Bartles Lough Undetermined 238 266119 330719 Ardaghy Lake Ardaghy Lough Undetermined 239 265246 331439 Killycushil Lake Castle Lough Undetermined 240 265930 331600 Killydrutan Lake Barn Hill Lake Undetermined 241 267903 331404 Sheetrim/Tamlat/Tanderageebane Lake Sheetrim Lake Undetermined 242 264424 332072 Ballyleck Lake Ballyleck Lake Undetermined 243 265759, 332048, Mullaghmatt/Skeagarvey/Gortakeegan/ Killydrutan Lake Twin Lakes Undetermined 266131 332203 244 266920 333297 Mullaghacroghery/Tully Lake Convent Lake Undetermined 245 266650 334003 Mullaghadun Lake Mullaghadun Lough Undetermined 246 267191 333959 Mullaghminaghan/Roosky Lake Peter’s Lake Undetermined 247 269465 334034 Aghnasedagh Lake Aghnasedagh Undetermined 248 264242 335021 Drumreaske Lake Drumreaske Undetermined 249 267164 335809 Derrynagrew/Billises/Mullaghmore East/Telaydan Lake Lamb’s Lough Undetermined 250 265774 336392 Drumbenagh Lake Drumbenagh Lough Undetermined 251 267328 336813 Coolakill East//Billises Lake Billises Lough Undetermined 252 267892 337028 Griggy/Coolkill East/Tirnaneill Lake Griggy Lough Undetermined 253 264508 337320 Tully/Tullyvogey/Drumcoo Lake Tully Lough Undetermined 254 271962 337463 Shelvin’s Lough Lake Shelvin’s Lough Undetermined 255 265809 338708 Sheetrim/Drumshanny Lake Sheetrim Lough Undetermined 256 268005 339001 Drumcaw/Tonygarvey/Skinnagin Lake Drumcaw Lough Undetermined 257 272427 339511 Killyboley/Coolcollid/Clonleek Lake Killyboley Lough Undetermined 258 273320 339759 Sillis/Bellanaman Lake Sillis Lough Undetermined 259 273617 340228 Bellanaman/Annaghreagh North Lake Annacatty Lough Undetermined 260 272351 341403 Glaslough/Glaslough Demense/Tullyrea/Tonyhamigan Lake Glaslough Lake Undetermined 261 273163 341350 Kilvey/Killyconigan/Glaslough Demense Lake Kilvey Lake Undetermined 262 267195 342752 Derrynashallog/Cornacreeve Lake Grove Lough Undetermined 263 267915 342458 Tully/Carrigans Lake Tully Lough Undetermined 264 269174 343975 Emy/Derrynagassan Upper/Derrynagassan Lower/ Lake Emy Lough Undetermined Portinaghy/Tiramoan/Killycooly 265 267352 344331 Scarnageeragh/Corlattallan Lake Buck Lough Undetermined 266 268013 344321 Corlattallan Lake Coma Lough Undetermined 267 269788 344977 Killycooly Lake Killycooley Lough Undetermined 268 271379 344385 Killyroan Upper/Tonyshandeny/ Monmurray/Mullaghboy Lake Monmurray Undetermined 269 268071 348090 Astrish More/Dernahinch/Mullananallog Lake Astrish Lough Undetermined 270 N/A N/A Several River Cor River Undetermined 271 N/A N/A Several River Blackwater River Undetermined

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CSS Site Perceived No. Easting Northing Townland Type Site Name Importance 272 N/A N/A Several River Mountain Water River Undetermined 273 266128 330389 Tullyard Lake Steenson’s Lough Undetermined 274 267943 332852 Aghananimy/Latlorcan/Killygowan Lake Aghananimy Lough Undetermined 275 272598 339742 Mullanlary/Clonleek/Sillis Lake Mullanlary Lough Undetermined 276 266771 336458 Billises Lake Unnamed Undetermined

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Appendix 2 A – Evaluation of Sites for Flora, Fauna and Fisheries in Constraints Studies

Rating Importance of Ecological Sites Importance of Fisheries Waters A Internationally important Internationally important Sites designated (or qualifying for designation) Sites designated (or qualifying for as SAC* or SPA* under the EU Habitats or Birds designation) as SAC* for salmonids or Directives. Annex II species under the EU Habitats Undesignated sites containing good examples of Directives. Annex I priority habitats under the EU Habitats Major salmon river fisheries. Directive. Major salmonid (salmon, trout or char) lake fisheries. B Nationally important Nationally important Sites or waters designated or proposed as an Major trout river fisheries. NHA* or statutory Nature Reserves. Water bodies with major amenity fishery Undesignated sites containing good examples of value. Annex I habitats (under EU Habitats Directive). Commercially important coarse fisheries. Undesignated sites containing significant numbers of resident or regularly occurring populations of Annex II species under the EU Habitats Directive or Annex I species under the EU Birds Directive or species protected under the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000. C+ County value County value Sites containing semi-natural habitat types with Small water bodies with known salmonid high biodiversity in a county context and a high populations or with good potential salmonid degree of naturalness, or significant populations habitat. of species which are rare in the county. Large water bodies with some coarse Sites containing resident or regularly occurring fisheries value. populations of Annex II species under the EU Habitats Directive or Annex I species under the EU Birds Directive.

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Rating Importance of Ecological Sites Importance of Fisheries Waters C High value, locally important High value, locally important Sites containing semi-natural habitat types with Small water bodies with known salmonid high biodiversity in a local context and a high populations or with good potential salmonid degree of naturalness, or significant populations habitat. of locally rare species. Large water bodies with some coarse Sites containing any resident or regularly fisheries value. occurring populations of Annex II species under the EU Habitats Directive or Annex I species under the EU Birds Directive. D Moderate value, locally important Moderate value, locally important Sites containing some semi-natural habitat or Small water bodies with some coarse locally important for wildlife. fisheries value or some potential salmonid habitat. Any water body with unpolluted water (Q- value rating 4-5). E Low value, locally important Low value, locally important Artificial or highly modified habitats with low Water bodies with no current fisheries species diversity and low wildlife value. value and no significant potential fisheries value. F Unknown Value Unknown Value Sites of possible ecological value which require Sites of possible fisheries value requiring further investigation at the optimum season to further survey. establish importance.

* SAC = Special Area of Conservation. SPA = Special Protection Area. NHA = Natural Heritage Area.

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B – Sites of Known and Potential Ecological Value in the Study Area

Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 1 Corcaghan Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Extensive wetland associated Mallard. with Corcaghan Lough with areas of wet woodland. 2 Wetland with reed bed of reed mace and common reed and areas of wet woodland. Some dumping/infill. 3 Remnant wetland with willow, damaged through dumping and infilling. 4 Naturally infilled lake with wet woodland, fen and reedbed (possibly transition mire). 5 6 Wetland in valley base with scattered willow. 7 Lisnashannagh Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Remnant bog with areas of wet woodland, wet grassland, reedbed and area of open water. Freshwater marsh at eastern end. 8 Lisnalee Wetland site with common reed, reed mace and Calluna, Monaghan Fen Survey scattered willow. PF2, PF3, PB4, BL3, FW4, GA1, GS4, HD1, Site (002893). WL1, WS1, Transition Mire 7140. 9 Large wetland/fen/transition mire, reedbed and scattered willow. 10 Additional wetland/fen with reed mace. 11 Conifer plantation either side of road.

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 12 Reedbed (common reed and reed mace) with scattered willow and poplar. 13 Small wetland (reedbed) with wet woodland (willows), wet Grey heron. grassland next to river. 14 Woodland.

15 Fen/wetland.

16 Wet grassland, wet woodland, cutover bog.

17 Ballagh Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Lake surrounded by reedbed Grey heron. and wet woodland. 18 Drummuck Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Lake/fen/wetland. I-WeBS site.

19 Knockaturly Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Lake surrounded by reedbed, wetland, wet grassland and scattered willow. Some infilling and dumping. 20 Scrub. Badger setts.

21 Small wetland with reedbed (reed mace and common reed) wet woodland (scattered willow, hazel and birch).

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 22 Conifer plantation. 23 Crumlin Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Small lake with reedbed at Monaghan Fen Survey margins and scattered willow. PF3, WN6, GM1, FL, GS4, ED2, Site (MFS-04). Transition Mire 7140. 24 Cornaglare Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Lake with good marginal Sedge warbler. I-WeBS vegetation and area of wet woodland between lakes. Calluna at site. Monaghan Fen margins. FS1, FL, GS4, WN6, PF3, PB4, WS1. Survey Site (MFS-01). 25 Drumaclan Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Lake with willow at margins. Damaged by infilling. 26 Rossmore Forest Park; Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Very large site composed of I-WeBS site. Twin Lakes, Priestfield deciduous and coniferous woodland surrounding several lakes. Monaghan Fen Survey Lake, Castle Lough, FL4, WS1, BL3, GM1, WD2. Site (002614). Ardaghy Lough, Steensons Lough, Bartles Lough 27 Large block of woodland the centre of which is now felled, larch and beech at margins. 28 Mixed deciduous woodland possibly planted for screening purposes. Non-native alder, Acer and oak.

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 29 Sheetrim Lough/ Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Lough becoming infilled with Monaghan Fen Survey Sheetrim Fen cNHA reedbed and surrounded by wet willow birch woodland, at rear of Site (002892). T. Martin Fuels Depot. FL5, WN7, FS1, ED2, FW4. 30 Greaghglas Fen cNHA Wetland with reedbed (common reed) and wet woodland Monaghan Fen Survey (willows), surrounded by wet grassland. GM1, GS4, GA1, WN6, Site (002897). FW4, WL1. 31 Old abandoned quarry, with scrub development, no access. 32 Small wetland with wet woodland (willow and birch). 33 Wooded slopes (deciduous) above industrial area. 34 Castleshane Demesne Castleshane Demesne (extensive area of mixed woodland - Native Woodland conifers and deciduous areas). WN2/WD2. Survey Site No. 0416.

35 Wooded river valley (gorse, wild cherry, oak, hawthorn, blackthorn). 36 Immature woodland.

37 Replanted woodland, larch, birch, sycamore and conifers. 38 39 40 Ballyleck Lake Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Lake surrounded by conifers.

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 41 Wright's Wood 001612 Deciduous woodland (ash, oak, willow, birch, hazel, wild cherry). pNHA. 42 Deciduous woodland (ash, oak, birch, beech). 43 Woodland.

44 Fen/wetland.

45 Lake/fen/wetland.

46 Peter's Lake Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Lake/deciduous woodland/coniferous woodland.

47 Mullaghadun Lough Lake. 48 Lake. 49 Aghnasedagh Lough Lake. 50 Killyneill Fen cNHA Large wetland complex of wet woodland, freshwater marsh, wet Monaghan Fen Survey grassland, reedbed (common reed, reed mace, horsetail), fen. Site (002755). PF2, PF3, GM1, GS4, WN6, GA1, WS1, WL1, HH3, BL3, FW4, ED2, Transition Mire 7140. 51 Ulster Canal 001611 Wet marsh adjacent to the canal - Iris. 52 Woodland adjacent to river (beech, sycamore, ash). Giant hogweed.

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 53 Drumreaske Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Calcareous lake, pNHA, I-WeBS. 001602 freshwater marsh, mixed woodland.

54 Ringfort, scrub.

55 Lambs Lough Hard Water Lakes (3140). Lough with reedbed and wet woodland (ash, alder, birch, willow, hazel). 56 Mixed woodland (mostly Scot's and other conifers, alder and beech). 57 Woodland.

58 Wet woodland on wetland adjacent to N2. 59 Drumibenagh Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Large reedbed bisected by road with marsh marigold, reed mace, common reed, and wet woodland (willow, alder and birch). 60 Lake/fen/wetland/wet woodland.

61 Billeses Lough

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 62 Conifer plantation.

63 Tully Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Extensive reedbed (common Moorhen. reed, reed mace) and wet woodland (willow, alder, birch) surrounding lough, infilling. 64 Griggy Lough Infilling lough surrounded by reedbed. 65 Deciduous woodland.

66 Woodland adjacent to river. 67 Wetland with wet woodland (willow, ash, alder, oak). 68 Shelvin's Lough Infilling lough surrounded by reedbed (common reed, reed mace, bog bean), wet woodland at margin (willow, birch) grades to wet grassland at E end. 69 Wetland with wet woodland possibly alder carr. 70 Tenderages Lough Lake/fen/wetland/wet woodland. Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110).

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 71 Deciduous woodland.

72 Deciduous woodland.

73 Drumcaw Lough Hard Water Lakes (3140). Lake/fen/wetland/wet woodland.

74 Deciduous woodland.

75 Conifer plantation.

76 Small lough surrounded by woodland. 77 Killyboley Lough Lough with reedbed and wet woodland (ash, alder, willow), Monaghan Fen Survey freshwater marsh at E end. FL4, FS1, FW4, GA1, GS4, WL1, Site (MFS-29). WN6

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 78 Lough with reedbed on N side and wet woodland (alder, ash, Monaghan Fen Survey willow, hawthorn and Scot's pine). FL4, FS1, FW4, GA1, GS4, Site (MFS-29). WL1, WN6 79 80 Derryveen Wood Wet woodland (birch, willow, sycamore, ash). WN7. Native Woodland Survey Site No. 0407.

81 Wet woodland (birch, willow, occasional hawthorn, Scot's pine and beech on N side). 82 Wet woodland (willow and birch) possibly on cutover peat. Occasional sycamore and alder. 83 Flooded quarry. 84 Glaslough Lake 000559 Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Calcareous lake, reedbeds, pNHA, I-WeBS, Native mixed woodland. WN6/ WD1/ WN2. Woodland Survey Site Nos. 0404, 0496, and 1158.

85 Conifer plantation.

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 86 Tully Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Lake with fringing reedbed and I-WeBS wet woodland. 87 Mixed deciduous/conifer woodland, watercourse.

88 Mature beech trees on old ring fort. 89 Mixed deciduous/coniferous woodland (Scot's pine, beech). 90 Deciduous woodland.

91 Nut Wood Deciduous woodland. WD1. Native Woodland Survey Site No. 0406.

92 Deciduous woodland.

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 93 Drummully Wood/ Deciduous woodland. WN2/WD1. Native Woodland Derrynashallog Wood Survey Site No. 0409, 410.

94 Grove Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Area of freshwater marsh backing onto open water. 95 Emy Lough 000558 Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Wet woodland. pNHA, I-WeBS.

96 Conifer plantation (larch, sitka spruce) on drumlin. 97 Deciduous woodland on drumlin slope (birch, willow, ash). 98 Deciduous woodland.

99 Buck Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Lake/fen/wetland/wet woodland.

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 100 Lake/fen/wetland/wet woodland.

101 Monmurray Lough Lake, reedbed and wet woodland (willow and birch). I-WeBS. 102 Ash woodland (occasional wild cherry and beech). 103 Deciduous woodland. 104 Deciduous woodland. 105 Deciduous woodland.

106 Deciduous woodland.

107 Killycooley Lough GS4, PF3, WN6, FS1, FL, GA1, WL1, FW4, Transition Mire 7140. Monaghan Fen Survey Site (MFS-8).

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 108 Mixed plantation (Scot's pine, ash, sitka spruce, larch and native species). 109 Woodland along river valley (ash, birch, alder, hawthorn and blackthorn). 110 Monmurray Grassland Improved agricultural grassland. GA1. pNHA, I-WeBS. 000562

111 Deciduous woodland.

112 Mixed deciduous woodland on drumlin slope (horse chestnut, ash, beech, holly, hazel, willow). 113 Young plantation with gorse, birch and sitka spruce. 114 Wet grassland. 115 Immature deciduous woodland/scrub. 116 Coniferous plantation.

117 Ringfort, scrub.

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 118 Coniferous plantation/deciduous woodland.

119 Coniferous plantation.

120 Deciduous woodland.

121 122 Deciduous woodland.

123 Deciduous woodland.

124 Scot's pine plantation with beech on boundary.

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 125 Wet willow and alder woodland, scattered and open in a wetland depression, which has reed mace, rushes, marsh marigold, several drainage ditches). 126 Scot's pine plantation with beech on boundary. 127 Woodland (alder, ash, birch, poplar). 128 Deciduous woodland.

129 Deciduous woodland. 130 Astrish Lough Lowland Oligotrophic lake (3110). Small lake with marginal vegetation surrounded by willow. 131 Deciduous woodland.

132 Deciduous woodland.

133 Deciduous woodland (birch, willow and ash). 134 Mature treeline/woodland adjacent to watercourse and old church. Good bat potential.

135 Woodland with ash, wild cherry, birch, willow and hazel.

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 136 Woodland on drumlin slope (dominated by birch with oak, wild cherry, willow, beech and occasional conifers). 137 Woodland/scrub (oak, ash, willow, wild cherry, holly, hazel, blackthorn, gorse). 138 Wetland with wet willow woodland. 139 Birch and willow woodland. 140 Coniferous plantation.

141 Coniferous plantation/deciduous woodland.

142 Clear felled conifer plantation. 143 Deciduous woodland adjacent to river (blackthorn, birch, willow, ash). 144 Deciduous woodland adjacent to river (blackthorn, birch, willow, ash).

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 145 Coniferous plantation/deciduous woodland.

146 Mixed deciduous/conifer woodland. 147 Ringfort with scrub dominated by blackthorn. 148 Ringfort, scrub.

149 Recently felled deciduous woodland. 150 Ringfort, scrub.

151 Coniferous plantation/deciduous woodland/wetland.

152 Wet grassland/deciduous woodland.

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Potential Habitats Confirmed Habitats Present (based on aerial Site Site Name (if known) (Based on field survey/desk review) photographs) Comment/Observation 153 Deciduous woodland.

154 Possible wetland

155 Naturally infilling wetland with common reed and reed mace, surrounded by wet willow and ash woodland and wet grassland with rushes and ladies smock. 156 Deciduous woodland (oak, ash, hazel). 157 Ringfort, scrub.

158 Deciduous woodland on esker ridge (ash, oak and willow). 159 Deciduous woodland on esker ridge (ash, oak and willow). 160 Killyhoman Marsh 001782 WS1, FW4, GS4, HD1, WL1. Scraw, wetland, wet woodland. pNHA. Monaghan Fen Survey Site (001782).

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C – Mammal Species Known from the Study Area

Mammal Species:

• Otter • Badger • Stoat • American mink • Pine marten • Soprano pipistrelle • Common pipistrelle • Daubenton’s bat • Natterer’s bat • Brown long-eared bat • Whiskered/Brandt’s bat • Fallow deer • Irish hare • Rabbit • Grey squirrel • Red squirrel • House mouse • Wood mouse • Brown rat • Pygmy shrew • Hedgehog • Fox • Stoat

Other Vertebrates:

• Smooth newt • Common Frog

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D – Plates Illustrating Habitat for Mammals

Plate 1: Woodland, forestry and mammals of the study area.

Tree cover in the area is principally comprised of coniferous plantations, drumlin cover with insubstantial or immature trees, scrub areas on wet soils with exceptions such as at Castle Leslie (see Plate 2). Such cover is rarely of benefit to species such as badger. Pine martens would not appear to be as common in the area as in southern and western Monaghan and in Fermanagh, Down and areas of northern Cavan.

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Castleshane estate (top rows) offers some of the best tree cover and herein there may be all of the above species if they are to be found in this area.

Much of the tree cover shown above is of value to bats as feeding areas, dry sites may offer resting places for badgers (sett construction) and may be of benefit to other mammals

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Plate 2: Castle Leslie and Glaslough Lake.

Glaslough showing Castle Leslie with numerous old deciduous trees with high mammal potential, buildings and feeding areas for bats and reed bed systems, the river and the lake suitable for otters. Badgers would be facilitated by the large grassland areas. There are records of bats within the castle buildings over a period of decades and it is possible that species such as pine marten and red squirrel would be present here. Fallow deer would also be expected in such an area.

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Plate 3: Watercourses.

Areas close to waterbodies and watercourses offer highest benefit to bats and otters.

The areas shown above are all suitable for roosting bats and for feeding and commuting bats and otters. These are in order of top to bottom and left to right:

New Mill bridge and mill (top). Edenmore bridge and tree cover to either side of the river (second row). Emy Lough, Aglish Lough, Grove Lough Emyvale (third row). Killyneill church and Ulster Canal bridge and finally Faulklands Bridge (bottom row).

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Plate 4: Buildings and mammals.

Buildings form an important site for roosting bats and occasionally pine martens. The buildings above all offer good to high roost potential for bats and older unoccupied buildings may be used by pine martens if they are present.

(top row) Churches of Clontibret have high potential or are reported roost sites (Presbyterian, middle). (second row) The buildings at Grennan close to Glaslough offer roost potential while the disused railway bridge at Corragh offers a roost site and good feeding along sections of the disused railway line.

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(third row) This ruin at Castleshane (left) and Faulklands bridge (middle) are potential roost sites and pine marten sites while the estate house along the N2 north of Monaghan would benefit several bat species. (bottom row) The estate house south of Emyvale with good tree cover to the west (Gortmoney) is a combination of roost site and good feeding. The old barn in the middle photo lies close to this. The ESB building (final photo) is adjacent to Grove Lough south of Emyvale and offers bat roosting opportunities for species such as soprano pipistrelle.

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Appendix 3 A – Statutory Protection of Architectural Heritage in the Study Area

TABLE 1 Sites Listed in the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) within the Study Area (see Figures 11.1–11.14, Appendix 5).

No. Site Type Townland RMP No. AHC0050 Church, RC Gallagh MO014-019001- AHC0085 Castle Ballyleck MO009-049---- AHC0282 Church, C of I (St Cilian’s) Templetate MO010-003001- AHC0286 Castle Faulkland MO009-059---- AHC0343 Church, RC Donagh MO007-007001- AHC0386 Church, C of I (St Salvator’s) Glaslough MO007-014001- AHC0435 Church, Unspecified Mullanacross MO003-018002-

TABLE 2 Sites Listed in the Record of Protected Structures (RPS) within the Study Area (see Figures 11.1–11.14, Appendix 5).

No. Site Type Townland RPS No. AHC0008 Church, RC Corcaghan 41401309 AHC0023 Church, RC Lisleitrim 41401401 AHC0029 Church, Presbyterian Braddocks 41401402 AHC0043 Hall Gallagh 41401412 AHC0048 Church, C of I Gallagh 41401411 AHC0049 Bell Tower Gallagh 41401414 AHC0058 Church, RC Tullybuck 41401409 AHC0059 School Tullybuck 41401408 AHC0066 Estate Building Corlattan Local 47 AHC0067 Estate Building Cormeen 41401307 AHC0069 Estate Building Tullyard 41401305 AHC0071 Estate Building Killycushil 41401303 AHC0080 Estate Building Camla 41400925 AHC0085 Country House Ballyleck 41400922 AHC0088 Estate Building Ballyleck 41400950 AHC0089 Estate Building Ballyleck 41400928 AHC0090 Country House Brandrum 41400923

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No. Site Type Townland RPS No. AHC0136 Country House Aghananimy 41400931 AHC0138 Chapel, RC Aghananimy 41400932 AHC0147 House Coolmain 41400936 AHC0169 Estate Building Castleshane Demesne 41401006 AHC0175 Estate Building Castleshane Demesne Local 42 AHC0184 Mill Moy Otra Local 48 AHC0192 Country House Drumreask 41400918 AHC0194 Estate Building Tullycroman 41400919 AHC0198 Country House Raconnell 41400920 AHC0207 Church, RC Mullanarockan 41400604 AHC0223 Bridge Derrynagrew/ Coolshannagh 41400943 AHC0224 Church, Presbyterian Derrynagrew 41400941 AHC0228 School Mullamurphy 41400939 AHC0233 Country House Drumrutagh 41400938 AHC0278 Church, RC Leitrim 41401003 AHC0279 Relic Leitrim 41401007 AHC0281 School Tuckmilltate 41401002 AHC0282 Church, C of I Templetate 41401001 AHC0303 Mill Kilcran 41400731 AHC0312 Country House Gortmoney 41400607 AHC0314 Estate Building Gortmoney 41400608 AHC0335 Church, Presbyterian Letloonigan 41400703 AHC0340 Church, RC Cloncaw 41400705 AHC0354 Railway Feature Glaslough 41400707 AHC0355 Railway Feature Glaslough 41400732 AHC0367 Country House Glaslough 41400717 AHC0369 Landscape Design Feature Glaslough Local 19 AHC0370 Landscape Design Feature Glaslough 41400720 AHC0371 Estate Building Glaslough 41400716 AHC0372 Estate Building Glaslough 41400710 AHC0376 Estate Building Mullanlavy 41400726 AHC0377 Estate Building Glaslough Local 21 AHC0378 Estate Building Glaslough Local 22 AHC0379 Estate Building Glaslough Local 26 AHC0380 Landscape Design Feature Glaslough Local 27

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No. Site Type Townland RPS No. AHC0381 Estate Building Corraghdown Local 41 AHC0382 Estate Building Glaslough 41400722 AHC0383 Estate Building Glaslough 41400714 AHC0384 Estate Building Glaslough 41400723 AHC0385 Estate Building Glaslough 41400727 AHC0386 Church, Unspecified Glaslough 41400719 AHC0389 Church, RC Drumbristan Local 31 AHC0397 Country House Aghaliskeevan 41400311 AHC0406 Church, RC Knockconan Local 36 AHC0409 Church, C of I Shanco Local 38 AHC0414 Commercial Premises Main Street, Emyvale Local 29 AHC0422 Mill Killycooly 41400306 AHC0449 Church, Unspecified Mullanderg 41400303 AHC0455 House Creeve Local 65 GLC01 House Glaslough Local 18 GLC02 Commercial Premises Glaslough Local 64 GLC03 Hall Glaslough Local 20 GLC04 Estate Cottage Barrack Hill, Glaslough Local 23 GLC05 Hall Glaslough Local 24 GLC06 House Glaslough Local 25 GLC07 Layby Barrack Hill, Glaslough Local 28 GLC08 House Glaslough Local 67 GLC09 House Glaslough Local 68 GLC10 House Glaslough Local 69 GLC11 House Glaslough Local 70 GLC12 House Glaslough Local 71 GLC13 House Glaslough Local 72 GLC14 House Glaslough Local 73 GLC15 House Glaslough Local 74 GLC16 House Glaslough Local 75 GLC17 House Glaslough Local 76 GLC18 House Glaslough Local 77 GLC19 House Glaslough Local 78 GLC20 House Glaslough Local 79 GLC21 Barracks Glaslough 41400709

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No. Site Type Townland RPS No. GLC22 House Glaslough 41400721 GLC23 Commercial Premises Glaslough 41400724 GLC24 Memorial Glaslough 41400725 GLC25 Commercial Premises Glaslough 41400728

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B – Unregistered Architectural Heritage Sites in the Study Area

TABLE 3 Unregistered Architectural Heritage Sites within the Study Area.

No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0001 Mill Corn Mill Tullyard AHC0002 Mill Tullygillen Corn Mill Tullyard AHC0003 House Tullyard House Tullyard AHC0004 Bridge Drummuck Bridge Tullygillen/ Drummuck AHC0005 Bridge Cavanagarvan Bridge Drummuck/ Cavanagarvan AHC0006 Mill Feature Mill Pond Darraghlan AHC0007 Settlement Corcaghan AHC0009 Parochial House Parochial House Corcaghan AHC0010 School Corcaghan School Corcaghan AHC0011 Smithy Smithy Cavanagarvan AHC0012 School School House Corcaghan AHC0013 School School House Beagh (Kearns) AHC0014 School Tetoppa School Tetoppa AHC0015 Creamery Drumacruttan Creamery Lisnalee AHC0016 House Drumacruttan House Drumacruttan (Ed Monaghan) AHC0017 School Drumacruttan School Drumacruttan (Ed Monaghan) AHC0018 House Drumacruttan Cottage Drumacruttan (Ed Monaghan) AHC0019 School School House Drumacruttan (Ed Monaghan) AHC0020 House Steen’s Hill Lisnalee AHC0021 Hall Feragh Orange Hall Feragh AHC0022 Settlement Ardaghy AHC0024 School Lisleitrim School Lisleitrim AHC0025 Smithy Smithy Ardaghy AHC0026 Bridge Ardaghy Bridge Ardaghy AHC0027 Post Office Braddocks Post Office Braddocks AHC0028 School Braddocks School Braddocks AHC0030 House Bleak House Corrinshigo AHC0031 House Fort Hill Annahuby AHC0032 House Brook Mount House Annahuby AHC0033 Mill Flax Mill Legnacreeve AHC0034 Church, Presbyterian Clontibret First Presbyterian Legnacreeve Church

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0035 Manse Clontibret Manse Ballycronog AHC0036 Mill Flax Mill Cornabrandy AHC0037 Country House Rockfield Moysnaght AHC0038 Demesne Rockfield Moysnaght AHC0039 House Shanemullagh House Shanemullagh AHC0040 Mill Old Flax Mill Glasdrumman West AHC0041 House Kilcrow House Kilcrow AHC0042 Settlement Clontibret (2) AHC0044 Post Office Clontibret Post Office Gallagh AHC0045 Mill Flax Mill Gallagh AHC0046 Barracks Constabulary Barracks Gallagh AHC0047 School Clontibret School Gallagh AHC0051 Church, Presbyterian Methodist Meeting House Carrickaderry AHC0052 House Carrickaderry House Carrickaderry AHC0053 Mill Corn Mill Carrickaderry AHC0054 Mill Corn Mill Carrickaderry AHC0055 House Glennyhorn House Glennyhorn AHC0056 House Harry Mount House Lisaginny AHC0057 Settlement Clontibret (1) AHC0060 Mine Antimony Mine (Disused) Lisglassan AHC0061 Mill Corn Mill Tullyleer AHC0062 House Tullyleer House Tullyleer AHC0063 School Cormeen School Cormeen AHC0064 Country House Rossmore Castle Corlattan AHC0065 Demesne Rossmore Castle Corlattan etc. AHC0068 Estate Building Lodge Ardaghy Kill AHC0070 Estate Building Chimney Corlattan AHC0072 Estate Building Lodge Gortakeeghan AHC0073 Estate Building Rossmore Cottage Mullaghmatt AHC0074 House Clonavarn House Clonavarn AHC0075 Country House Camla House Camla AHC0076 Demesne Camla House Camla AHC0077 Estate Building The Kennels Camla AHC0078 Landscape Design Camla Lake (Fishpond) Camla Feature

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0079 Estate Building Front Gate Lodge Killycushil AHC0081 Estate Building Stables Camla AHC0082 Estate Building Saw Mill Camla AHC0083 Estate Building Corn Mill Camla AHC0084 Estate Building Steward’s House Camla AHC0086 Demesne Ballyleck House Ballyleck AHC0087 Estate Building Lodge Ballyleck AHC0091 Demesne Brandrum House Brandrum AHC0092 Canal Ulster Canal Tullybryan etc. AHC0093 Canal Feature Towing Path Ballyleck/ Tullybryan AHC0094 House Mona Lodge Tullybryan AHC0095 House Churchlands Lodge Tullybryan AHC0096 Canal Feature Ballyleck Bridge Ballyleck AHC0097 Country House Cornecassa House Cornecassa Demesne AHC0098 Demesne Cornecassa House Cornecassa Demesne AHC0099 Estate Building Clones Lodge Cornecassa Demesne AHC0100 Landscape Design Foot Bridge Cornecassa Demesne Feature AHC0101 Estate Building Lodge Cornecassa Demesne AHC0102 Estate Building Summer House Cornecassa Demesne AHC0103 Estate Building Stables Cornecassa Demesne AHC0104 Railway Portadown & Cavan Branch of Kilnahaltar etc. the GS & WR (Dismantled) AHC0105 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Tullybryan AHC0106 Railway Feature Level Crossing Tullygroman AHC0107 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Tullygroman/ Newgrove AHC0108 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Newgrove AHC0109 Railway Feature Level Crossing Gallanagh AHC0110 Railway Feature Level Crossing Mullaghadun AHC0111 Country House Mullynahinch House Mullynahinch AHC0112 Demesne Mullynahinch House Mullynahinch AHC0113 School Tullycroman School Tullycroman AHC0114 House Tullycroman House Tullycroman AHC0115 House Newgrove House Newgrove AHC0116 Country House Gallanagh House Gallanagh

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0117 Demesne Gallanagh House Gallanagh AHC0118 Estate Building Lodge Gallanagh AHC0119 Mill Corn Mill Gallanagh AHC0120 Mill Corn & Flax Mill Drumgarran AHC0121 Country House Hilden Mullaghadun AHC0122 Demesne Hilden Mullaghadun AHC0123 Country House Kilnacloy House Kilnacloy AHC0124 Demesne Kilnacloy House Kilnacloy AHC0125 Railway Feature Milltown Bridge Mullaghmonaghan AHC0126 Hospital Hospital (Infectious Diseases) Kilnacloy AHC0127 Settlement Monaghan AHC0128 School School House Rakeeragh AHC0129 School Rakeeragh School Rakeeragh AHC0130 Hall Crosses Protestant Hall Crosses (Ed. Rackwallace) AHC0131 School Greaghglass School Greaghglass AHC0132 House Glen View Cottage Killyvane AHC0133 Mill Corby Rock Mill Tamlat (Ed. Monaghan) AHC0134 House Clematis Cottage Killyvane AHC0135 House Drumhirk House Drumhirk AHC0137 Demesne Will Ville Aghananimy AHC0139 School School House Latlorcan AHC0140 House Latlorcan House Latlorcan AHC0141 Canal Feature Lock (17th) Annahagh AHC0142 Country House Corlatt House AHC0143 Demesne Corlatt House Corlat AHC0144 Hall Bellanagall Orange Hall Ballymacforban AHC0145 Mill Corn Mill Aghintamy AHC0146 School Killymarly School Killymarly AHC0148 House Culdaloo House Culdaloo AHC0149 House Aghalaverty House Aghalaverty AHC0150 House The Bungalow Aghintamy AHC0151 House Listraheagny House Listraheagny AHC0152 House Corrawillin House Corrawillin AHC0153 Mill Dromore Corn Mill Clonlonan AHC0154 Mill Corn Mill Rackwallace

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0155 House Lisaginny House Lisaginny AHC0156 Mill Flax Mill Lisaginny AHC0157 Mill Corn Mill Greenmount AHC0158 Kiln Lime Kiln Greenmount AHC0159 Relic Mass Garden Lisglassan AHC0160 Creamery St Mary’s Creamery Bryanlitter AHC0161 Bridge Belnaclay Bridge Corlust/ Moy Etra AHC0162 School Aghnaglogh School Aghnaglogh AHC0163 Creamery Aghnaglogh Creamery Aghnaglogh AHC0164 Bridge Crockanandy Bridge Cordevlis (Part of)/ Aghnaglogh AHC0165 Country House Castleshane House Castleshane Demesne AHC0166 Demesne Castleshane House Castleshane Demesne AHC0167 Estate Building Stables Castleshane Demesne AHC0168 Estate Building White Gate Castleshane Demesne AHC0170 Estate Building Well Castleshane Demesne AHC0171 Estate Building Lodge Castleshane Demesne AHC0172 Landscape Design Foot Bridge Castleshane Demesne Feature AHC0173 Landscape Design Foot Bridge Castleshane Demesne Feature AHC0174 Estate Building Lodge Castleshane Demesne AHC0176 Bridge Lismenan Bridge Lismenan/Castleshane Demesne AHC0177 School School House Lismenan AHC0178 Smithy Smithy Lismenan AHC0179 Post Office Castleshane Post Office (formerly Lattigar Police Station) AHC0180 Dispensary Dispensary Lattigar AHC0181 House Woodview Cordevlis AHC0182 Country House Dromore House Dromore AHC0183 Demesne Dromore House Dromore AHC0185 Country House Greenmount House Greenmount AHC0186 Demesne Greenmount House Greenmount AHC0187 Bridge Kinard Bridge Kinard/ Tiravray

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0188 House Kinard House Kinard AHC0189 House Alkill House Alkill AHC0190 House The Bungalow Tullyhirn AHC0191 House [Unnamed] Tullyhirn AHC0193 Demesne Drumreaske Drumreask AHC0195 Estate Building Boat House Raconnell AHC0196 Mill Rafeenan Mills (Corn & Flax) Rafeenan AHC0197 School School House Rafeenan AHC0199 Demesne Raconnell House Raconnell AHC0200 Bridge Raconnell Bridge Raconnell/ Crosses (Ed. Bellanode) AHC0201 Smithy Smithy Drumbenagh AHC0202 House Drumlara House Drumlara AHC0203 Settlement Tydavnet AHC0204 School School House Mullantimore AHC0205 Church, Unspecified Church (site of) Mullanarockan AHC0206 Post Office Post Office Tedavnet AHC0208 Barracks Constabulary Barracks Mullanarockan AHC0209 School Brownhill School Tirnaskea North AHC0210 Country House Legacurry House Legacurry AHC0211 Demesne Legacurry House Legacurry AHC0212 Church, Presbyterian Tirnaneill Presbyterian Church Mullabrack (Scott) AHC0213 School Tirnaneill School Tirnaneill AHC0214 House Enagh House Enagh AHC0215 Smithy Smithy Coolkill East AHC0216 House Coolkill House Coolkill East AHC0217 Estate Building Boat House Coolkill East AHC0218 House Stand House (in ruins) Telaydan AHC0219 Country House Poplar Vale Drumgoask AHC0220 Demesne Poplar Vale Drumgoask AHC0221 Estate Building Lodge Drumgoask AHC0222 House Blackwater Vale Mullaghmore East AHC0225 Manse Manse Derrynagrew AHC0226 Hall Murdock Memorial Hall Derrynagrew AHC0227 School School House Derrynagrew

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0229 House The Wood Kilnadreen AHC0230 House Tullyhirn Cottage Tullyhirn AHC0231 Canal Feature Lock (16th) Knockaconny AHC0232 Canal Feature Towing Path Knockaconny/ Drumrutagh/ Drumacruttan AHC0234 Demesne Bessmount Park Drumrutagh AHC0235 Estate Building Lodge Drumrutagh AHC0236 Estate Building Lodge Drumrutagh AHC0237 Estate Building Fish House Drumrutagh AHC0238 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Tullyhirn/ Mullamurphy AHC0239 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Mullamurphy AHC0240 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Kilnadreen AHC0241 Railway Feature Level Crossing Eden Island AHC0242 Railway Feature Level Crossing Eden Island/ Straghan or Cornasore AHC0243 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Drumgarn/ Straghan or Cornasore AHC0244 Railway Feature Level Crossing Faulkland AHC0245 Mill Corn & Flax Mill Crumlin AHC0246 Bridge Faulkland BridgeUpper Crumlin/ Straghan or Cornasore AHC0247 House Griggy House Griggy AHC0248 Smithy Smithy Mullaloughan AHC0249 House Ivy House Tonygarvey AHC0250 Country House Liscarney House Liscarney AHC0251 Demesne Liscarney House Liscarney AHC0252 Estate Building Liscarney Lodge Liscarney AHC0253 Country House Sallymount Golree AHC0254 Demesne Sallymount Golree AHC0255 Windmill Windmill (in Ruins) Lisnanore AHC0256 Barracks Police Station Cavanreagh AHC0257 Post Office Silver Stream Post Office Lisnanore AHC0258 Mill Corn Mill Tullynanure AHC0259 School Fedoo School Fedoo AHC0260 School Lappan School Lappan

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0261 Bridge Ballyclareen Bridge Garran Otra/ Lappan AHC0262 House Killyneill House Killyneill AHC0263 Settlement Tyholland AHC0264 Canal Feature Harbour Lisnanore AHC0265 Canal Feature Lock (15th) Lisnanore AHC0266 Canal Feature Lisnanore Cottage Lisnanor AHC0267 Canal Feature Silver Stream Bridge Crowey AHC0268 Canal Feature Lock (14th) Crowey AHC0269 Canal Feature Lock (13th) Crowey AHC0270 Canal Feature Crowey Bridge Crowey AHC0271 Canal Feature Glebe Bridge Templetate/ Tullylish AHC0272 Canal Feature Lock (12th) Tullylish AHC0273 Canal Feature Tyholland Bridge Tullylish AHC0274 Canal Feature Lock (11th) Tuckmilltate AHC0275 Canal Feature Leitrim Bridge Leitrim AHC0276 Canal Feature Towing Path Killeef/ Killyneill AHC0277 Smithy Smithy Tamlat AHC0280 Parochial House Parochial House Leitrim AHC0283 Glebe House Rectory Templetate AHC0284 School Leitrim School Leitrim AHC0285 Hall Orange Hall Corvally AHC0287 Demesne Faulkland Castle Faulkland AHC0288 Bridge Faulkland Bridge Faulkland/ Tiravera/ Corragh (Maxwell) AHC0289 School Billis School Billis AHC0290 Kiln Lime Kiln Billis AHC0291 Kiln Lime Kiln Hill Hall AHC0292 Railway Feature Level Crossing Faulkland AHC0293 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Faulkland/ Drumsheeny AHC0294 Railway Feature Level Crossing Drumsheeny/ Hill Hall AHC0295 Railway Feature Level Crossing Hill Hall AHC0296 Railway Feature Level Crossing Hill Hall AHC0297 Railway Feature Level Crossing Mullaghbane AHC0298 House Ivy Cottage Drumagelvin AHC0299 House Milltown Seaveagh

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0300 Mill Flax Mill Seaveagh AHC0301 School School House Coolcollid AHC0302 Bridge New Mills Bridge Kilcran/ Cornahoe/ Seaveagh AHC0304 Smithy Smithy Killygavna AHC0305 House Killygavna Cottage Killygavna AHC0306 Hall Corragh Orange Hall Corraghbrack AHC0307 House Drumcaw House Drumcaw AHC0308 Hall Mullaghpeak Protestant Hal Mullaghpeak AHC0309 Church, RC St Patrick’s Church Derryhallagh AHC0310 School Corracrin School Derryhallagh AHC0311 Smithy Smithy Carrigans AHC0313 Demesne Anketell Grove Gortmoney AHC0315 Estate Building Lodge Creeevelea AHC0316 Estate Building Lodge Derryhee AHC0317 School School House Edenmore AHC0318 Smithy Smithy Derrilla AHC0319 Mill Corn Mill Cornanure AHC0320 School Edenmore School Rarutagh AHC0321 Bridge Blue Bridge Inishdevlin/ Drumconnelly AHC0322 Mill Corn & Flax Mills (Disused) Drummully AHC0323 Bridge Hoof Bridge Cornacreeve/ Carrigans AHC0324 Church, Presbyterian Presbyterian Church Carrigans AHC0325 Church, Unspecified Church Carrigans AHC0326 Bridge Dundonagh Bridge Tully/ Dundonagh AHC0327 House Portinaghy House Portinaghy AHC0328 Glebe House Glebe House Dundonagh AHC0329 Demesne Glebe House Dundonagh AHC0330 Country House Fort Johnston Stramore AHC0331 Demesne Fort Johnston Stramore AHC0332 Estate Building Lodge Stramore AHC0333 Estate Building Lodge Stramore AHC0334 Mill Flax Mill Aghnacap AHC0336 Hall Meeting House Letloonigan AHC0337 Manse Manse Glennan AHC0338 School School House Glennan

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0339 Mill Corn Mill Glennan AHC0341 School Cloncaw School Cloncaw AHC0342 Terrace Donagh Row Donagh AHC0344 House Mullaghbane House Mullaghbane AHC0345 Railway Feature Level Crossing Mullaghbane AHC0346 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Mullaghbane/ Aghaloughan AHC0347 Railway Feature Level Crossing Aghaloughan AHC0348 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Aghaloughan AHC0349 Railway Feature Level Crossing Lisgoagh AHC0350 Railway Feature Level Crossing Lisgoagh AHC0351 Railway Feature Level Crossing Srananny AHC0352 Railway Feature Level Crossing Srananny AHC0353 Railway Feature Level Crossing Srananny AHC0356 Railway Feature Goods Shed Glaslough AHC0357 Railway Feature Level Crossing Glaslough/ Drumbanagher AHC0358 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Drumbanagher AHC0359 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Drumnolan AHC0360 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Telaydan AHC0361 Railway Feature Level Crossing Telaydan AHC0362 House Hollow House Aghaloughan AHC0363 House Broomfield Cottage Lisgoagh AHC0364 House Srananny House Srananny AHC0365 Settlement Glaslough Village AHC0366 Smithy Smithy Glaslough AHC0368 Demesne Castle Leslie Glaslough AHC0373 Landscape Design Foot Bridge Glaslough/ Kilrey Feature AHC0374 Estate Building Lodge Glaslough AHC0375 Landscape Design Folly Tullyree Feature AHC0387 Settlement Carrickroe AHC0388 School Deravoy School Derryveagh AHC0390 Post Office Carrickroe Post Office Drumbristan AHC0391 Smithy Smithy Drumbristan AHC0392 Country House Mount Anketell Mount Anketell

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0393 Demesne Mount Anketell Mount Anketell AHC0394 Bridge Brackagh Bridge Brackagh/ Kilnagullan AHC0395 Pound Pound Kinacullan AHC0396 Bridge Curkin Bridge Curkin/ Brackagh/ Dundian AHC0398 Demesne Fort Singleton Aghaliskeevan/ Killycorran/ Lisgrew/ Shanco AHC0399 Estate Building Lodge Killycorran AHC0400 Estate Building Lodge Lisgrew AHC0401 House Bloomfield Mullabryan AHC0402 House St Joseph’s Mullabryan AHC0403 Glebe House Shanco Rectory Mullabryan AHC0404 Settlement Knockconan AHC0405 School Knockconan School Knockconan AHC0407 Bridge Blaney’s Bridge Shanco AHC0408 House Shanco House Shanco AHC0410 School School House Shanco AHC0411 Country House Dungillick House Dungillick AHC0412 Demesne Dungillick House Dungillick AHC0413 Settlement Emyvale AHC0415 School Corlattallan School Corlattallan AHC0416 Hall Orange Hall Corlattallan AHC0417 Country House Election Hill Tonyfohanan AHC0418 Demesne Election Hill Tonyfohanan AHC0419 Mill Corn Mill Cavan (Cope) AHC0420 Country House Lough Emy House Killycooly AHC0421 Demesne Lough Emy House Killycooly AHC0423 School Killyrane School Killyrean Upper AHC0424 Bridge Knockaginny Bridge Monmurry/ Knockaginny AHC0425 School School House Drumturk AHC0426 Smithy Smithy Drumarrell AHC0427 Post Office Mullan Post Office Ballynahone AHC0428 Settlement Mullan AHC0429 Smithy Smithy Mullan AHC0430 Mill Mullan Woollen Mill Mullan AHC0431 Bridge Figanny Bridge Figanny/ Ballynahone

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0432 Barracks Constabulary Barracks Killydreen AHC0433 Glebe House Glebe House Glebe AHC0434 Demesne Glebe House Glebe AHC0436 School School House Mullanacross AHC0437 Mill Corn & Flax Mill Dernagola AHC0438 Country House Ivy Hill Ivy Hill AHC0439 Demesne Ivy Hill Ivy Hill AHC0440 Estate Building Lodge Ivy Hill AHC0441 School Killybrone School Killybrone AHC0442 Mill Mill (in ruins) Killyslavan AHC0443 Settlement Clara AHC0444 Church, RC St Patrick’s Church Tavanagh AHC0445 Church, Presbyterian St Patrick’s Presbytery Tavanagh AHC0446 Country House Kaneswood Ardginny AHC0447 Demesne Kaneswood Ardginny AHC0448 House Killyhoman House Killyhoman AHC0450 School Errigal Trough School Mullanderg AHC0451 House Grange House Mullaghnahegny AHC0452 Bridge Lisroosky Bridge Lisroosky/ Mullanderg AHC0453 School National School Moy AHC0454 Smithy Smithy Moy

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C – Sites of National, Regional, Local and Undetermined Importance in the Study Area

Table 4 Sites Deemed to be of National Importance within the Study Area.

No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0233 Country House Bessmount Park Drumrutagh AHC0234 Demesne Bessmount Park Drumrutagh AHC0367 Country House Castle Leslie Glaslough AHC0368 Demesne Castle Leslie Glaslough

Table 5 Sites Deemed to be of Regional Importance within the Study Area.

No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0008 Church, RC St Michael’s Church Corcaghan AHC0023 Church, RC St Mary’s Church Lisleitrim AHC0029 Church, Presbyterian Presbyterian Church Braddocks AHC0043 Hall Clontibret Orange Hall Gallagh AHC0048 Church, C of I St Coleman’s Church Gallagh AHC0049 Bell Tower Bell Tower Gallagh AHC0058 Church, RC St Mary’s Church Tullybuck AHC0059 School Moys School Tullybuck AHC0065 Demesne Rossmore Castle Corlattan etc. AHC0067 Estate Building Cormeen Lodge Cormeen AHC0069 Estate Building Mausoleum Tullyard AHC0071 Estate Building Lodge Killycushil AHC0080 Estate Building Hare’s Lodge Camla AHC0085 Country House Ballyleck House Ballyleck AHC0086 Demesne Ballyleck House Ballyleck AHC0088 Estate Building Stables Ballyleck AHC0089 Estate Building Gate Ballyleck AHC0090 Country House Brandrum House Brandrum AHC0091 Demesne Brandrum House Brandrum AHC0092 Canal Ulster Canal Tullybryan etc. AHC0136 Country House Will Ville Aghananimy AHC0137 Demesne Will Ville Aghananimy AHC0138 Chapel, RC Mortuary Chapel Aghananimy

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0147 House Coolmain House Coolmain AHC0169 Estate Building Lodge Castleshane Demesne AHC0192 Country House Drumreaske Drumreask AHC0193 Demesne Drumreaske Drumreask AHC0194 Estate Building Lodge Tullycroman AHC0198 Country House Raconnell House Raconnell AHC0199 Demesne Raconnell House Raconnell AHC0207 Church, RC St Dympna’s Church Mullanarockan AHC0228 School St McCarthan’s College Mullamurphy AHC0278 Church, RC St Patrick’s Church Leitrim AHC0279 Relic Rice Tomb Leitrim AHC0281 School Tyholland School Tuckmilltate AHC0282 Church, C of I St Cilian’s Church Templetate AHC0303 Mill Wallace’s Corn & Flax Mill Kilcran AHC0312 Country House Anketell Grove Gortmoney AHC0313 Demesne Anketell Grove Gortmoney AHC0314 Estate Building Stables Gortmoney AHC0335 Church, Presbyterian Glennan Presbyterian Church Letloonigan AHC0340 Church, RC St Mary’s Church Cloncaw AHC0354 Railway Feature Glaslough Station House Glaslough AHC0355 Railway Feature Station Entrance Glaslough AHC0370 Landscape Design Walled Garden Glaslough Feature AHC0371 Estate Building Boat House Glaslough AHC0372 Estate Building West Lodge Glaslough AHC0376 Estate Building Lodge Mullanlavy AHC0382 Estate Building Main Street Lodge Glaslough AHC0383 Estate Building The Old Stables Glaslough AHC0384 Estate Building Entrance Gate Glaslough AHC0385 Estate Building Estate Wall Glaslough AHC0386 Church, Unspecified St Salvator’s Church Glaslough AHC0397 Country House Fort Singleton Aghaliskeevan AHC0398 Demesne Fort Singleton Aghaliskeevan etc. AHC0422 Mill Emy Mill (Corn) Killycooly AHC0449 Church, Unspecified St Muadain’s Church Mullanderg

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland GLC21 Barracks Trinity House Glaslough GLC22 House Greystone House Glaslough GLC23 Commercial Premises Pillar House Hotel Glaslough GLC24 Memorial Leslie Memorial Glaslough GLC25 Commercial Premises Wright’s Shop Glaslough

Table 6 Sites Deemed to be of Local Importance within the Study Area. No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0050 Church, Unspecified Church (in ruins) Gallagh AHC0066 Estate Building Estate Wall Corlattan AHC0087 Estate Building Lodge Ballyleck AHC0093 Canal Feature Towing Path Ballyleck/ Tullybryan AHC0096 Canal Feature Ballyleck Bridge Ballyleck AHC0104 Railway Portadown & Cavan Branch of the Kilnahaltar etc. GS & WR (Dismantled) AHC0141 Canal Feature Lock (17th) Annahagh AHC0175 Estate Building Bell Tower Castleshane Demesne AHC0184 Mill Ballagh’s Mills (Corn, Flax & Saw) Moy Otra AHC0224 Church, Presbyterian Presbyterian Church Derrynagrew AHC0231 Canal Feature Lock (16th) Knockaconny AHC0232 Canal Feature Towing Path Knockaconny/ Drumrutagh/ Drumacruttan AHC0264 Canal Feature Harbour Lisnanore AHC0265 Canal Feature Lock (15th) Lisnanore AHC0266 Canal Feature Lisnanore Cottage Lisnanore AHC0267 Canal Feature Silver Stream Bridge Crowey AHC0268 Canal Feature Lock (14th) Crowey AHC0269 Canal Feature Lock (13th) Crowey AHC0270 Canal Feature Crowey Bridge Crowey AHC0271 Canal Feature Glebe Bridge Templetate/ Tullylish AHC0272 Canal Feature Lock (12th) Tullylish AHC0273 Canal Feature Tyholland Bridge Tullylish

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0274 Canal Feature Lock (11th) Tuckmilltate AHC0275 Canal Feature Leitrim Bridge Leitrim AHC0276 Canal Feature Towing Path Killeef/ Killyneill AHC0286 Country House Faulkland Castle Faulkland AHC0287 Demesne Faulkland Castle Faulkland AHC0343 Church, Unspecified Church (in ruins) Donagh AHC0369 Landscape Design Tower Glaslough Feature AHC0377 Estate Building Old Water System Glaslough AHC0378 Estate Building Old Laundry Glaslough AHC0379 Estate Building Ice House Glaslough AHC0380 Landscape Design Burial Ground and Lych Gate Glaslough Feature AHC0381 Estate Building Hamilton Crest on Barn Corraghdown AHC0389 Church, RC Carrickroe Church of the Sacred Drumbristan Heart AHC0406 Church, RC St Mary’s Church Knockconan AHC0409 Church, C of I Church (in ruins) Shanco AHC0414 Commercial Premises Magee Meats Main Street, Emyvale AHC0435 Church, Unspecified Church (in ruins) Mullanacross AHC0455 House Dwelling House Creeve GLC01 House The Firs Glaslough GLC02 Commercial Premises The Coach House Glaslough GLC03 Hall Church of Ireland Parochial Hall Glaslough GLC04 Estate Building Ambledown Barrack Hill, Glaslough GLC05 Hall The Orange Hall Glaslough GLC06 House Annie Huston’s House Glaslough GLC07 Landscape Design Layby, Horse Pond Barrack Hill, Glaslough Feature GLC08 House Stone House Glaslough GLC09 House Stone House Glaslough GLC10 House Stone House Glaslough GLC11 House Stone House Glaslough GLC12 House Stone House Glaslough GLC13 House Stone House Glaslough

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland GLC14 House Stone House Glaslough GLC15 House Stone House Glaslough GLC16 House Stone House Glaslough GLC17 House Stone House Glaslough GLC18 House Stone House Glaslough GLC19 House Stone House Glaslough GLC20 House Stone House Glaslough

Table 7 Sites of Undetermined Importance within the Study Area.

No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0001 Mill Corn Mill Tullyard AHC0002 Mill Tullygillen Corn Mill Tullyard AHC0003 House Tullyard House Tullyard AHC0004 Bridge Drummuck Bridge Tullygillen/ Drummuck AHC0005 Bridge Cavanagarvan Bridge Drummuck/ Cavanagarvan AHC0006 Mill Feature Mill Pond Darraghlan AHC0009 Parochial House Parochial House Corcaghan AHC0010 School Corcaghan School Corcaghan AHC0011 Smithy Smithy Cavanagarvan AHC0012 School School House Corcaghan AHC0013 School School House Beagh (Kearns) AHC0014 School Tetoppa School Tetoppa AHC0015 Creamery Drumacruttan Creamery Lisnalee AHC0016 House Drumacruttan House Drumacruttan (Ed Monaghan) AHC0017 School Drumacruttan School Drumacruttan (Ed Monaghan) AHC0018 House Drumacruttan Cottage Drumacruttan (Ed Monaghan) AHC0019 School School House Drumacruttan (Ed Monaghan) AHC0020 House Steen’s Hill Lisnalee AHC0021 Hall Feragh Orange Hall Feragh

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0024 School Lisleitrim School Lisleitrim AHC0025 Smithy Smithy Ardaghy AHC0026 Bridge Ardaghy Bridge Ardaghy AHC0027 Post Office Braddocks Post Office Braddocks AHC0028 School Braddocks School Braddocks AHC0030 House Bleak House Corrinshigo AHC0031 House Fort Hill Annahuby AHC0032 House Brook Mount House Annahuby AHC0033 Mill Flax Mill Legnacreeve AHC0034 Church, Presbyterian Clontibret First Presbyterian Church Legnacreeve AHC0035 Manse Clontibret Manse Ballycronog AHC0036 Mill Flax Mill Cornabrandy AHC0037 Country House Rockfield Moysnaght AHC0038 Demesne Rockfield Moysnaght AHC0039 House Shanemullagh House Shanemullagh AHC0040 Mill Old Flax Mill Glasdrumman West AHC0041 House Kilcrow House Kilcrow AHC0044 Post Office Clontibret Post Office Gallagh AHC0045 Mill Flax Mill Gallagh AHC0046 Barracks Constabulary Barracks Gallagh AHC0047 School Clontibret School Gallagh AHC0051 Church, Presbyterian Methodist Meeting House Carrickaderry AHC0052 House Carrickaderry House Carrickaderry AHC0053 Mill Corn Mill Carrickaderry AHC0054 Mill Corn Mill Carrickaderry AHC0055 House Glennyhorn House Glennyhorn AHC0056 House Harry Mount House Lisaginny AHC0060 Mine Antimony Mine (Disused) Lisglassan AHC0061 Mill Corn Mill Tullyleer AHC0062 House Tullyleer House Tullyleer AHC0063 School Cormeen School Cormeen AHC0064 Country House Rossmore Castle Corlattan AHC0068 Estate Building Lodge Ardaghy Kill AHC0070 Estate Building Chimney Corlattan AHC0072 Estate Building Lodge Gortakeeghan

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0073 Estate Building Rossmore Cottage Mullaghmatt AHC0074 House Clonavarn House Clonavarn AHC0075 Country House Camla House Camla AHC0076 Demesne Camla House Camla AHC0077 Estate Building The Kennels Camla AHC0078 Landscape Design Camla Lake (Fishpond) Camla Feature AHC0079 Estate Building Front Gate Lodge Killycushil AHC0081 Estate Building Stables Camla AHC0082 Estate Building Saw Mill Camla AHC0083 Estate Building Corn Mill Camla AHC0084 Estate Building Steward’s House Camla AHC0094 House Mona Lodge Tullybryan AHC0095 House Churchlands Lodge Tullybryan AHC0097 Country House Cornecassa House Cornecassa Demesne AHC0098 Demesne Cornecassa House Cornecassa Demesne AHC0099 Estate Building Clones Lodge Cornecassa Demesne AHC0100 Landscape Design Foot Bridge Cornecassa Demesne Feature AHC0101 Estate Building Lodge Cornecassa Demesne AHC0102 Estate Building Summer House Cornecassa Demesne AHC0103 Estate Building Stables Cornecassa Demesne AHC0105 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Tullybryan AHC0106 Railway Feature Level Crossing Tullygroman AHC0107 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Tullygroman/ Newgrove AHC0108 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Newgrove AHC0109 Railway Feature Level Crossing Gallanagh AHC0110 Railway Feature Level Crossing Mullaghadun AHC0111 Country House Mullynahinch House Mullynahinch AHC0112 Demesne Mullynahinch House Mullynahinch AHC0113 School Tullycroman School Tullycroman AHC0114 House Tullycroman House Tullycroman AHC0115 House Newgrove House Newgrove AHC0116 Country House Gallanagh House Gallanagh AHC0117 Demesne Gallanagh House Gallanagh

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0118 Estate Building Lodge Gallanagh AHC0119 Mill Corn Mill Gallanagh AHC0120 Mill Corn & Flax Mill Drumgarran AHC0121 Country House Hilden Mullaghadun AHC0122 Demesne Hilden Mullaghadun AHC0123 Country House Kilnacloy House Kilnacloy AHC0124 Demesne Kilnacloy House Kilnacloy AHC0125 Railway Feature Milltown Bridge Mullaghmonaghan AHC0126 Hospital Hospital (Infectious Diseases) Kilnacloy AHC0128 School School House Rakeeragh AHC0129 School Rakeeragh School Rakeeragh AHC0130 Hall Crosses Protestant Hall Crosses (Ed. Rackwallace) AHC0131 School Greaghglass School Greaghglass AHC0132 House Glen View Cottage Killyvane AHC0133 Mill Corby Rock Mill Tamlat (Ed. Monaghan) AHC0134 House Clematis Cottage Killyvane AHC0135 House Drumhirk House Drumhirk AHC0139 School School House Latlorcan AHC0140 House Latlorcan House Latlorcan AHC0142 Country House Corlatt House Corlat AHC0143 Demesne Corlatt House Corlat AHC0144 Hall Bellanagall Orange Hall Ballymacforban AHC0145 Mill Corn Mill Aghintamy AHC0146 School Killymarly School Killymarly AHC0148 House Culdaloo House Culdaloo AHC0149 House Aghalaverty House Aghalaverty AHC0150 House The Bungalow Aghintamy AHC0151 House Listraheagny House Listraheagny AHC0152 House Corrawillin House Corrawillin AHC0153 Mill Dromore Corn Mill Clonlonan AHC0154 Mill Corn Mill Rackwallace AHC0155 House Lisaginny House Lisaginny AHC0156 Mill Flax Mill Lisaginny AHC0157 Mill Corn Mill Greenmount AHC0158 Kiln Lime Kiln Greenmount

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0159 Relic Mass Garden Lisglassan AHC0160 Creamery St Mary’s Creamery Bryanlitter AHC0161 Bridge Belnaclay Bridge Corlust/ Moy Etra AHC0162 School Aghnaglogh School Aghnaglogh AHC0163 Creamery Aghnaglogh Creamery Aghnaglogh AHC0164 Bridge Crockanandy Bridge Cordevlis (Part of)/ Aghnaglogh AHC0165 Country House Castleshane House Castleshane Demesne AHC0166 Demesne Castleshane House Castleshane Demesne AHC0167 Estate Building Stables Castleshane Demesne AHC0168 Estate Building White Gate Castleshane Demesne AHC0170 Estate Building Well Castleshane Demesne AHC0171 Estate Building Lodge Castleshane Demesne AHC0172 Landscape Design Foot Bridge Castleshane Demesne Feature AHC0173 Landscape Design Foot Bridge Castleshane Demesne Feature AHC0174 Estate Building Lodge Castleshane Demesne AHC0176 Bridge Lismenan Bridge Lismenan/ Castleshane Demesne AHC0177 School School House Lismenan AHC0178 Smithy Smithy Lismenan AHC0179 Post Office Castleshane Post Office (formerly Lattigar Police Station) AHC0180 Dispensary Dispensary Lattigar AHC0181 House Woodview Cordevlis AHC0182 Country House Dromore House Dromore AHC0183 Demesne Dromore House Dromore AHC0185 Country House Greenmount House Greenmount AHC0186 Demesne Greenmount House Greenmount AHC0187 Bridge Kinard Bridge Kinard/ Tiravray AHC0188 House Kinard House Kinard AHC0189 House Alkill House Alkill AHC0190 House The Bungalow Tullyhirn AHC0191 House [Unnamed] Tullyhirn

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0195 Estate Building Boat House Raconnell AHC0196 Mill Rafeenan Mills (Corn & Flax) Rafeenan AHC0197 School School House Rafeenan AHC0200 Bridge Raconnell Bridge Raconnell/ Crosses (Ed. Bellanode) AHC0201 Smithy Smithy Drumbenagh AHC0202 House Drumlara House Drumlara AHC0204 School School House Mullantimore AHC0205 Church, Unspecified Church (site of) Mullanarockan AHC0206 Post Office Post Office Tedavnet AHC0208 Barracks Constabulary Barracks Mullanarockan AHC0209 School Brownhill School Tirnaskea North AHC0210 Country House Legacurry House Legacurry AHC0211 Demesne Legacurry House Legacurry AHC0212 Church, Presbyterian Tirnaneill Presbyterian Church Mullabrack (Scott) AHC0213 School Tirnaneill School Tirnaneill AHC0214 House Enagh House Enagh AHC0215 Smithy Smithy Coolkill East AHC0216 House Coolkill House Coolkill East AHC0217 Estate Building Boat House Coolkill East AHC0218 House Stand House (in ruins) Telaydan AHC0219 Country House Poplar Vale Drumgoask AHC0220 Demesne Poplar Vale Drumgoask AHC0221 Estate Building Lodge Drumgoask AHC0222 House Blackwater Vale Mullaghmore East AHC0223 Bridge Ballyalbany Bridge Derrynagrew/ Coolshannagh AHC0225 Manse Manse Derrynagrew AHC0226 Hall Murdock Memorial Hall Derrynagrew AHC0227 School School House Derrynagrew AHC0229 House The Wood Kilnadreen AHC0230 House Tullyhirn Cottage Tullyhirn AHC0235 Estate Building Lodge Drumrutagh AHC0236 Estate Building Lodge Drumrutagh AHC0237 Estate Building Fish House Drumrutagh AHC0238 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Tullyhirn/ Mullamurphy

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0239 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Mullamurphy AHC0240 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Kilnadreen AHC0241 Railway Feature Level Crossing Eden Island AHC0242 Railway Feature Level Crossing Eden Island/ Straghan or Cornasore AHC0243 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Drumgarn/ Straghan or Cornasore AHC0244 Railway Feature Level Crossing Faulkland AHC0245 Mill Corn & Flax Mill Crumlin AHC0246 Bridge Faulkland Bridge Upper Crumlin/ Straghan or Cornasore AHC0247 House Griggy House Griggy AHC0248 Smithy Smithy Mullaloughan AHC0249 House Ivy House Tonygarvey AHC0250 Country House Liscarney House Liscarney AHC0251 Demesne Liscarney House Liscarney AHC0252 Estate Building Liscarney Lodge Liscarney AHC0253 Country House Sallymount Golree AHC0254 Demesne Sallymount Golree AHC0255 Windmill Windmill (in Ruins) Lisnanore AHC0256 Barracks Police Station Cavanreagh AHC0257 Post Office Silver Stream Post Office Lisnanore AHC0258 Mill Corn Mill Tullynanure AHC0259 School Fedoo School Fedoo AHC0260 School Lappan School Lappan AHC0261 Bridge Ballyclareen Bridge Garran Otra/ Lappan AHC0262 House Killyneill House Killyneill AHC0277 Smithy Smithy Tamlat AHC0280 Parochial House Parochial House Leitrim AHC0283 Glebe House Rectory Templetate AHC0284 School Leitrim School Leitrim AHC0285 Hall Orange Hall Corvally AHC0288 Bridge Faulkland Bridge Faulkland/ Tiravera/ Corragh (Maxwell) AHC0289 School Billis School Billis

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0290 Kiln Lime Kiln Billis AHC0291 Kiln Lime Kiln Hill Hall AHC0292 Railway Feature Level Crossing Faulkland AHC0293 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Faulkland/ Drumsheeny AHC0294 Railway Feature Level Crossing Drumsheeny/ Hill Hall AHC0295 Railway Feature Level Crossing Hill Hall AHC0296 Railway Feature Level Crossing Hill Hall AHC0297 Railway Feature Level Crossing Mullaghbane AHC0298 House Ivy Cottage Drumagelvin AHC0299 House Milltown Seaveagh AHC0300 Mill Flax Mill Seaveagh AHC0301 School School House Coolcollid AHC0302 Bridge New Mills Bridge Kilcran/ Cornahoe/ Seaveagh AHC0304 Smithy Smithy Killygavna AHC0305 House Killygavna Cottage Killygavna AHC0306 Hall Corragh Orange Hall Corraghbrack AHC0307 House Drumcaw House Drumcaw AHC0308 Hall Mullaghpeak Protestant Hall Mullaghpeak AHC0309 Church, RC St Patrick’s Church Derryhallagh AHC0310 School Corracrin School Derryhallagh AHC0311 Smithy Smithy Carrigans AHC0315 Estate Building Lodge Creeevelea AHC0316 Estate Building Lodge Derryhee AHC0317 School School House Edenmore AHC0318 Smithy Smithy Derrilla AHC0319 Mill Corn Mill Cornanure AHC0320 School Edenmore School Rarutagh AHC0321 Bridge Blue Bridge Inishdevlin/ Drumconnelly AHC0322 Mill Corn & Flax Mills (Disused) Drummully AHC0323 Bridge Hoof Bridge Cornacreeve/ Carrigans AHC0324 Church, Presbyterian Presbyterian Church Carrigans AHC0325 Church, Unspecified Church Carrigans AHC0326 Bridge Dundonagh Bridge Tully/ Dundonagh AHC0327 House Portinaghy House Portinaghy

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0328 Glebe House Glebe House Dundonagh AHC0329 Demesne Glebe House Dundonagh AHC0330 Country House Fort Johnston Stramore AHC0331 Demesne Fort Johnston Stramore AHC0332 Estate Building Lodge Stramore AHC0333 Estate Building Lodge Stramore AHC0334 Mill Flax Mill Aghnacap AHC0336 Hall Meeting House Letloonigan AHC0337 Manse Manse Glennan AHC0338 School School House Glennan AHC0339 Mill Corn Mill Glennan AHC0341 School Cloncaw School Cloncaw AHC0342 Terrace Donagh Row Donagh AHC0344 House Mullaghbane House Mullaghbane AHC0345 Railway Feature Level Crossing Mullaghbane AHC0346 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Mullaghbane/ Aghaloughan AHC0347 Railway Feature Level Crossing Aghaloughan AHC0348 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Aghaloughan AHC0349 Railway Feature Level Crossing Lisgoagh AHC0350 Railway Feature Level Crossing Lisgoagh AHC0351 Railway Feature Level Crossing Srananny AHC0352 Railway Feature Level Crossing Srananny AHC0353 Railway Feature Level Crossing Srananny AHC0356 Railway Feature Goods Shed Glaslough AHC0357 Railway Feature Level Crossing Glaslough/ Drumbanagher AHC0358 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Drumbanagher AHC0359 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Drumnolan AHC0360 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Telaydan AHC0361 Railway Feature Level Crossing Telaydan AHC0362 House Hollow House Aghaloughan AHC0363 House Broomfield Cottage Lisgoagh AHC0364 House Srananny House Srananny AHC0366 Smithy Smithy Glaslough AHC0373 Landscape Design Foot Bridge Glaslough/ Kilrey Feature

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0374 Estate Building Lodge Glaslough AHC0375 Landscape Design Folly Tullyree Feature AHC0388 School Deravoy School Derryveagh AHC0390 Post Office Carrickroe Post Office Drumbristan AHC0391 Smithy Smithy Drumbristan AHC0392 Country House Mount Anketell Mount Anketell AHC0393 Demesne Mount Anketell Mount Anketell AHC0394 Bridge Brackagh Bridge Brackagh/ Kilnagullan AHC0395 Pound Pound Kinacullan AHC0396 Bridge Curkin Bridge Curkin/ Brackagh/ Dundian AHC0399 Estate Building Lodge Killycorran AHC0400 Estate Building Lodge Lisgrew AHC0401 House Bloomfield Mullabryan AHC0402 House St Joseph’s Mullabryan AHC0403 Glebe House Shanco Rectory Mullabryan AHC0405 School Knockconan School Knockconan AHC0407 Bridge Blaney’s Bridge Shanco AHC0408 House Shanco House Shanco AHC0410 School School House Shanco AHC0411 Country House Dungillick House Dungillick AHC0412 Demesne Dungillick House Dungillick AHC0415 School Corlattallan School Corlattallan AHC0416 Hall Orange Hall Corlattallan AHC0417 Country House Election Hill Tonyfohanan AHC0418 Demesne Election Hill Tonyfohanan AHC0419 Mill Corn Mill Cavan (Cope) AHC0420 Country House Lough Emy House Killycooly AHC0421 Demesne Lough Emy House Killycooly AHC0423 School Killyrane School Killyrean Upper AHC0424 Bridge Knockaginny Bridge Monmurry/ Knockaginny AHC0425 School School House Drumturk AHC0426 Smithy Smithy Drumarrell AHC0427 Post Office Mullan Post Office Ballynahone AHC0429 Smithy Smithy Mullan

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No. Site Type Site Name Townland AHC0430 Mill Mullan Woollen Mill Mullan AHC0431 Bridge Figanny Bridge Figanny/ Ballynahone AHC0432 Barracks Constabulary Barracks Killydreen AHC0433 Glebe House Glebe House Glebe AHC0434 Demesne Glebe House Glebe AHC0436 School School House Mullanacross AHC0437 Mill Corn & Flax Mill Dernagola AHC0438 Country House Ivy Hill Ivy Hill AHC0439 Demesne Ivy Hill Ivy Hill AHC0440 Estate Building Lodge Ivy Hill AHC0441 School Killybrone School Killybrone AHC0442 Mill Mill (in ruins) Killyslavan AHC0444 Church, RC St Patrick’s Church Tavanagh AHC0445 Church, Presbyterian St Patrick’s Presbytery Tavanagh AHC0446 Country House Kaneswood Ardginny AHC0447 Demesne Kaneswood Ardginny AHC0448 House Killyhoman House Killyhoman AHC0450 School Errigal Trough School Mullanderg AHC0451 House Grange House Mullaghnahegny AHC0452 Bridge Lisroosky Bridge Lisroosky/ Mullanderg AHC0453 School National School Moy AHC0454 Smithy Smithy Moy

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D – Key Constraints in the Study Area

Perceived No. Site Type Site Name Townland Importance AHC0007 Settlement Corcaghan Tier 5 AHC0008 Church, RC St Michael’s Church Corcaghan Regional AHC0009 Parochial House Parochial House Corcaghan Undetermined AHC0022 Settlement Ardaghy Tier 5 AHC0023 Church, RC St Mary’s Church Lisleitrim Regional AHC0029 Church, Presbyterian Presbyterian Church Braddocks Regional AHC0034 Church, Presbyterian Clontibret First Legnacreeve Undetermined Presbyterian Church AHC0035 Manse Clontibret Manse Ballycronog Undetermined AHC0042 Settlement Clontibret (2) Tier 5 AHC0043 Hall Clontibret Orange Hall Gallagh Regional AHC0048 Church, C of I St Coleman’s Church Gallagh Regional AHC0049 Bell Tower Bell Tower Gallagh Regional AHC0050 Church, Unspecified Church (in ruins) Gallagh Local AHC0051 Church, Presbyterian Methodist Meeting House Carrickaderry Undetermined AHC0057 Settlement Clontibret (1) Tier 5 AHC0058 Church, RC St Mary’s Church Tullybuck Regional AHC0059 School Moys School Tullybuck Regional AHC0065 Demesne Rossmore Castle Corlattan etc. Regional AHC0066 Estate Building Estate Wall Corlattan Local AHC0067 Estate Building Cormeen Lodge Cormeen Regional AHC0069 Estate Building Mausoleum Tullyard Regional AHC0071 Estate Building Lodge Killycushil Regional AHC0080 Estate Building Hare’s Lodge Camla Regional AHC0085 Country House Ballyleck House Ballyleck Regional AHC0086 Demesne Ballyleck House Ballyleck Regional AHC0087 Estate Building Lodge Ballyleck Local AHC0088 Estate Building Stables Ballyleck Regional AHC0089 Estate Building Gate Ballyleck Regional AHC0090 Country House Brandrum House Brandrum Regional AHC0091 Demesne Brandrum House Brandrum Regional AHC0092 Canal Ulster Canal Tullybryan etc. Regional AHC0093 Canal Feature Towing Path Ballyleck/ Tullybryan Local

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Perceived No. Site Type Site Name Townland Importance AHC0096 Canal Feature Ballyleck Bridge Ballyleck Local AHC0104 Railway Portadown & Cavan Kilnahaltar etc. Regional Branch of the GNR (Dismantled) AHC0105 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Tullybryan Undetermined AHC0106 Railway Feature Level Crossing Tullygroman Undetermined AHC0107 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Tullygroman/ Undetermined Newgrove AHC0108 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Newgrove Undetermined AHC0109 Railway Feature Level Crossing Gallanagh Undetermined AHC0110 Railway Feature Level Crossing Mullaghadun Undetermined AHC0125 Railway Feature Milltown Bridge Mullaghmonaghan Undetermined AHC0127 Settlement Monaghan Tier 1 AHC0136 Country House Will Ville Aghananimy Regional AHC0137 Demesne Will Ville Aghananimy Regional AHC0138 Chapel, RC Mortuary Chapel Aghananimy Regional AHC0141 Canal Feature Lock (17th) Annahagh Local AHC0147 House Coolmain House Coolmain Regional AHC0159 Relic Mass Garden Lisglassan Undetermined AHC0169 Estate Building Lodge Castleshane Regional Demesne AHC0175 Estate Building Bell Tower Castleshane Local Demesne AHC0184 Mill Ballagh’s Mills (Corn, Moy Otra Local Flax & Saw) AHC0192 Country House Drumreaske Drumreask Regional AHC0193 Demesne Drumreaske Drumreask Regional AHC0194 Estate Building Lodge Tullycroman Regional AHC0198 Country House Raconnell House Raconnell Regional AHC0199 Demesne Raconnell House Raconnell Regional AHC0203 Settlement Tydavnet Tier 5 AHC0205 Church, Unspecified Church (site of) Mullanarockan Undetermined AHC0207 Church, RC St Dympna’s Church Mullanarockan Regional AHC0212 Church, Presbyterian Tirnaneill Presbyterian Mullabrack (Scott) Undetermined Church

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Perceived No. Site Type Site Name Townland Importance AHC0223 Bridge Ballyalbany Bridge Derrynagrew/ Undetermined Coolshannagh AHC0224 Church, Presbyterian Presbyterian Church Derrynagrew Local AHC0225 Manse Manse Derrynagrew Undetermined AHC0228 School St McCarthan’s College Mullamurphy Regional AHC0231 Canal Feature Lock (16th) Knockaconny Local AHC0232 Canal Feature Towing Path Knockaconny/ Local Drumrutagh/ Drumacruttan AHC0233 Country House Bessmount Park Drumrutagh National AHC0234 Demesne Bessmount Park Drumrutagh National AHC0235 Estate Building Lodge Drumrutagh Undetermined AHC0236 Estate Building Lodge Drumrutagh Undetermined AHC0238 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Tullyhirn/ Undetermined Mullamurphy AHC0239 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Mullamurphy Undetermined AHC0240 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Kilnadreen Undetermined AHC0241 Railway Feature Level Crossing Eden Island Undetermined AHC0242 Railway Feature Level Crossing Eden Island/ Undetermined Straghan or Cornasore AHC0243 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Drumgarn/ Straghan Undetermined or Cornasore AHC0244 Railway Feature Level Crossing Faulkland Undetermined AHC0263 Settlement Tyholland Tier 5 AHC0264 Canal Feature Harbour Lisnanore Local AHC0265 Canal Feature Lock (15th) Lisnanore Local AHC0266 Canal Feature Lisnanore Cottage Lisnanore Local AHC0267 Canal Feature Silver Stream Bridge Crowey Local AHC0268 Canal Feature Lock (14th) Crowey Local AHC0269 Canal Feature Lock (13th) Crowey Local AHC0270 Canal Feature Crowey Bridge Crowey Local AHC0271 Canal Feature Glebe Bridge Templetate/ Tullylish Local AHC0272 Canal Feature Lock (12th) Tullylish Local AHC0273 Canal Feature Tyholland Bridge Tullylish Local

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Perceived No. Site Type Site Name Townland Importance AHC0274 Canal Feature Lock (11th) Tuckmilltate Local AHC0275 Canal Feature Leitrim Bridge Leitrim Local AHC0276 Canal Feature Towing Path Killeef/ Killyneill Local AHC0278 Church, RC St Patrick’s Church Leitrim Regional AHC0279 Relic Rice Tomb Leitrim Regional AHC0280 Parochial House Parochial House Leitrim Undetermined AHC0281 School Tyholland School Tuckmilltate Regional AHC0282 Church, C of I St Cilian’s Church Templetate Regional AHC0283 Glebe House Rectory Templetate Undetermined AHC0286 Country House Faulkland Castle Faulkland Local AHC0287 Demesne Faulkland Castle Faulkland Local AHC0292 Railway Feature Level Crossing Faulkland Undetermined AHC0293 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Faulkland/ Undetermined Drumsheeny AHC0294 Railway Feature Level Crossing Drumsheeny/ Hill Undetermined Hall AHC0295 Railway Feature Level Crossing Hill Hall Undetermined AHC0296 Railway Feature Level Crossing Hill Hall Undetermined AHC0297 Railway Feature Level Crossing Mullaghbane Undetermined AHC0303 Mill Wallace’s Corn & Flax Kilcran Regional Mill AHC0309 Church, RC St Patrick’s Church Derryhallagh Undetermined AHC0312 Country House Anketell Grove Gortmoney Regional AHC0313 Demesne Anketell Grove Gortmoney Regional AHC0314 Estate Building Stables Gortmoney Regional AHC0324 Church, Presbyterian Presbyterian Church Carrigans Undetermined AHC0325 Church, Unspecified Church Carrigans Undetermined AHC0328 Glebe House Glebe House Dundonagh Undetermined AHC0329 Demesne (Glebe) Glebe House Dundonagh Undetermined AHC0335 Church, Presbyterian Glennan Presbyterian Letloonigan Regional Church AHC0337 Manse Manse Glennan Undetermined AHC0340 Church, RC St Mary’s Church Cloncaw Regional AHC0343 Church, Unspecified Church (in ruins) Donagh Local AHC0345 Railway Feature Level Crossing Mullaghbane Undetermined

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Perceived No. Site Type Site Name Townland Importance AHC0346 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Mullaghbane/ Undetermined Aghaloughan AHC0347 Railway Feature Level Crossing Aghaloughan Undetermined AHC0348 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Aghaloughan Undetermined AHC0349 Railway Feature Level Crossing Lisgoagh Undetermined AHC0350 Railway Feature Level Crossing Lisgoagh Undetermined AHC0351 Railway Feature Level Crossing Srananny Undetermined AHC0352 Railway Feature Level Crossing Srananny Undetermined AHC0353 Railway Feature Level Crossing Srananny Undetermined AHC0354 Railway Feature Glaslough Station House Glaslough Regional AHC0355 Railway Feature Station Entrance Glaslough Regional AHC0356 Railway Feature Goods Shed Glaslough Undetermined AHC0357 Railway Feature Level Crossing Glaslough/ Undetermined Drumbanagher AHC0358 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Drumbanagher Undetermined AHC0359 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Drumnolan Undetermined AHC0360 Railway Feature Possible Bridge Telaydan Undetermined AHC0361 Railway Feature Level Crossing Telaydan Undetermined AHC0365 Settlement Glaslough Tier 4 AHC0367 Country House Castle Leslie Glaslough National AHC0368 Demesne Castle Leslie Glaslough National AHC0369 Landscape Design Tower Glaslough Local Feature AHC0370 Landscape Design Walled Garden Glaslough Regional Feature AHC0371 Estate Building Boat House Glaslough Regional AHC0372 Estate Building West Lodge Glaslough Regional AHC0373 Landscape Design Foot Bridge Glaslough/ Kilrey Undetermined Feature AHC0374 Estate Building Lodge Glaslough Undetermined AHC0375 Landscape Design Folly Tullyree Undetermined Feature AHC0376 Estate Building Lodge Mullanlavy Regional AHC0377 Estate Building Old Water System Glaslough Local AHC0378 Estate Building Old Laundry Glaslough Local

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Perceived No. Site Type Site Name Townland Importance AHC0379 Estate Building Ice House Glaslough Local AHC0380 Landscape Design Burial Ground and Lych Glaslough Local Feature Gate AHC0381 Estate Building Hamilton Crest on Barn Corraghdown Local AHC0382 Estate Building Main Street Lodge Glaslough Regional AHC0383 Estate Building The Old Stables Glaslough Regional AHC0384 Estate Building Entrance Gate Glaslough Regional AHC0385 Estate Building Estate Wall Glaslough Regional AHC0386 Church, Unspecified St Salvator’s Church Glaslough Regional AHC0387 Settlement Carrickroe Tier 5 AHC0389 Church, RC Carrickroe Church of the Drumbristan Local Sacred Heart AHC0397 Country House Fort Singleton Aghaliskeevan Regional AHC0398 Demesne Fort Singleton Aghaliskeevan etc. Regional AHC0403 Glebe House Shanco Rectory Mullabryan Undetermined AHC0404 Settlement Knockconan Tier 5 AHC0406 Church, RC St Mary’s Church Knockconan Local AHC0409 Church, C of I Church (in ruins) Shanco Local AHC0413 Settlement Emyvale Tier 4 AHC0414 Commercial Premises Magee Meats Main Street, Emyvale Local AHC0422 Mill Emy Mill (Corn) Killycooly Regional AHC0428 Settlement Mullan Tier 5 AHC0433 Glebe House Glebe House Glebe Undetermined AHC0434 Demesne (Glebe) Glebe House Glebe Undetermined AHC0435 Church, Unspecified Church (in ruins) Mullanacross Local AHC0443 Settlement Clara Tier 5 AHC0444 Church, RC St Patrick’s Church Tavanagh Undetermined AHC0445 Church, Presbyterian St Patrick’s Presbytery Tavanagh Undetermined AHC0449 Church, Unspecified St Muadain’s Church Mullanderg Regional AHC0455 House Dwelling House Creeve Local GLC01 House The Firs Glaslough Local GLC02 Commercial Premises The Coach House Glaslough Local GLC03 Hall Church of Ireland Glaslough Local Parochial Hall

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Perceived No. Site Type Site Name Townland Importance GLC04 Estate Building Ambledown Barrack Hill, Local Glaslough GLC05 Hall The Orange Hall Glaslough Local GLC06 House Annie Huston’s House Glaslough Local GLC07 Landscape Design Layby, Horse Pond Barrack Hill, Local Feature Glaslough GLC08 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC09 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC10 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC11 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC12 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC13 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC14 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC15 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC16 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC17 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC18 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC19 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC20 House Stone House Glaslough Local GLC21 Barracks Trinity House Glaslough Regional GLC22 House Greystone House Glaslough Regional GLC23 Commercial Premises Pillar House Hotel Glaslough Regional GLC24 Memorial Leslie Memorial Glaslough Regional GLC25 Commercial Premises Wright’s Shop Glaslough Regional

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Appendix 4 A – Public Consultation Attendance and Questionnaire Returns Record

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Appendix 5 – See Volume B A - Constraints Study Figures

List of Figures

Figure Reference Description

Figure 1.1 Overall Constraints Study Area. Figures 1.2–1.4 Constraints Study Area. Figures 1.5–1.7 Planning Constraints. Figures 3.1-3.2 Public Consultation Attendance and Questionnaire Returns Record Figures 4.1-4.3 OPW Arterial Drainage - “Damaged Lands” Maps Figures 4.4-4.6 ESB Infrastructure Figures 4.7-4.9 Eircom Infrastructure Figures 4.10-4.12 Public Water Supply and Waster Water Systems Figures 6.1–6.14 Ecology – Potential Ecological Sites. Figures 7.1–7.3 Bedrock Geology. Figures 7.4–7.6 Bedrock Aquifer Types. Figures 7.7–7.9 Aquifer Vulnerability. Figures 7.10–7.12 Geological Features. Figures 8.1–8.3 Hydrology – Rivers and Streams. Figures 9.1–9.3 Landscape Character. Figures 10.1–10.14 Cultural Heritage. Figures 11.1–11.14 Architectural Heritage. Figures 14.1–14.3 Socio-Economics. Figures 15.1–15.3 Agronomy – Farm Enterprises. Figures 15.4–15.6 Agronomy – Soil Types.