Dartmouth Model United Nations April 5 - 7, 2019 Current Crisis: Duterte
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Dartmouth Model United Nations April 5 - 7, 2019 Current Crisis: Duterte Administration Dartmouth Model United Nations Conference 14th Annual Conference – April 5 – 7, 2019 Dartmouth College – Rockefeller Center – Hanover, NH 03755 E-mail: [email protected] - http://sites.dartmouth.edu/modelun Lauren Bishop December 5, 2018 Secretary-General Dear Delegates: Shelley Wang Director-General On behalf of the entire Dartmouth Model United Nations staff, I would like to welcome and thank you for registering for the fourteenth annual Dartmouth Model United Nations conference this Mila Escadajillo April 2019. We have been working relentlessly since the end of last year’s conference to provide a Chief of Staff better and more worthwhile Model U.N. experience for this spring’s delegates. Brandon Zhou DartMUN is a unique conference. We pair world-class delegations and dais staff members in Charge d’Affaires smaller, more-interactive environments to facilitate an enriching experience for delegates of all skill levels. We believe DartMUN’s active, small committees ensure delegates feel comfortable Clayton Jacques immersing themselves in a competitive but supportive environment that encourages trial by error Undersecretary-General of and participation. Furthermore, DartMUN’s well-trained staff is excited to work with your General Assembly delegates this winter in committee to equip the next generation of college students with the skills to tackle complex global problems. Daniel Bring Undersecretary-General of This being said, Model United Nations is only meaningful when delegates are thoroughly Special Committees prepared. To aid in your research preparation, your committee staff has spent hours researching, writing, and editing this Background Guide. The Background Guide serves as an introduction to Nishanth Chalasani your respective committee and an overview of the topics that you will be debating over the course Undersecretary-General of Current Crises of the conference. Samuel Zarkower The Background Guide is intended to be a starting point for your research and is not, in itself, an Undersecretary-General of adequate exposure to the complexities of your committee’s topics. To be prepared, each delegate Future and Historical Crises should do further research and focus on processing information through the lens of their respective country or position. If you are having trouble digesting all the information, the Background Guide Bill Kosmidis contains relevant discussion questions that break down the topics. Also, as questions or ideas arise, Undersecretary-General of Ad- do not be shy in contacting your committee staff via e-mail. Committee staff are knowledgeable Hoc and can help you better understand a particular topic or how your country fits into a larger international debate. More often than not, discussing the problem with another person can open up Alec Rossi more paradigms and viewpoints that may guide you throughout the brainstorming process. Director of Finance and Public Relations As in years past, all delegates are expected to write a brief position paper before the conference to synthesiZe all of their preparatory research and analysis. Please see the position paper guidelines Bethany David on the conference website for specific information about content, format, etc. Committee staff will Director of Technology collect position papers at the beginning of the first committee session on Friday evening. Bring a hard copy because delegates who do not submit position papers will not be eligible for awards. I Shawdi Mehrvarzan look forward to meeting you this coming spring. Deputy Chief of Staff Sincerely, DartMUN is a student-run, non-profit, all volunteer organization sponsored by Lauren Bishop the Rockefeller Center for Public Policy. Secretary-General DartMUN XIV 2 Dartmouth Model United Nations Conference 14th Annual Conference – April 5 – 7, 2019 Dartmouth College – Rockefeller Center – Hanover, NH 03755 E-mail: [email protected] - http://sites.dartmouth.edu/modelun Lauren Bishop Dear Delegates: Secretary-General Hi, my name is Evan Kelmar, and I’ll be the Director for the Philippines Crisis Shelley Wang committee. I’m a junior at Dartmouth, and I am currently an Economics and Government major with a Director-General minor in religion. This is my third time chairing a committee at DartMUN, and I couldn’t be more excited to do it again. In addition to MUN, I like to draw, occasionally as a cartoonist for the school’s Mila Escadajillo newspaper. If you have any questions about anything related to Model UN feel free to ask me. Chief of Staff Working alongside me is Aaron Trauner, one of our two Crisis Managers. Aaron was born and raised in rural Wyoming. He’s a freshman this year, with an extensive background in high school Model Brandon Zhou UN. He really enjoys crisis committees and learning about the politics of countries other than the United Charge d’Affaires States. Outside of DartMUN, Aaron plays on the club hockey team, is a member of the Dartmouth Arabic society, and is an enthusiastic skier. Clayton Jacques The other crisis manager, Sherry Liu, is also a freshman at Dartmouth. Sherry is from North Undersecretary-General of General Assembly Carolina and did Model UN during all four years in high school. She hopes to double major in math and government. Outside of MUN, she is part of the fencing team and plays clarinet. Daniel Bring In order to aid in your preparation and make the simulation as meaningful as possible, my team Undersecretary-General of and I have put together the following background information on Philippines. This Background Guide Special Committees serves as an introduction to the committee and an overview of the topics that you will be debating over the course of the conference. The Background Guide is intended to be a starting point for your research Nishanth Chalasani and is not, in itself, an adequate exposure to the complexities of our topic. To be prepared, each delegate Undersecretary-General of should do further research and focus on processing information through the lens of and developing Current Crises expertise concerning your specific position. If you are having trouble digesting all the information, the Background Guide contains relevant discussion questions that break down the topics. Samuel Zarkower Once again, welcome to DartMUN XIV. I am excited for the chance to tackle real world Undersecretary-General of problems with practical solutions. I look forward to meeting you in the spring and hope that you are as Future and Historical Crises excited as I am about DartMUN! Bill Kosmidis Sincerely, Undersecretary-General of Ad- Evan Kelmar Hoc Alec Rossi Director of Finance and Public Relations Bethany David Director of Technology Shawdi Mehrvarzan Deputy Chief of Staff DartMUN is a student-run, non-profit, all volunteer organization sponsored by the Rockefeller Center for Public Policy. 3 Current Crisis: Duterte Administration DartMUN XIV Introduction by Spain in the early 16th century, the island With a 38% plurality of votes, Rodrigo nation twice fought for its independence - Duterte rose to power in the 2016 Philippine from both the United States and Japan - and Presidential Election. As nominee of the twice overthrew its own leaders (CIA World 2 PDP-Laban Party, Duterte campaigned as a Factbook). The current constitution of the populist and outsider candidate, hoping to Philippines was ratified in 1987 and gain the support of citiZens frustrated with established a bicameral legislative body with political corruption (Al JaZeera).1 He a supreme court and an executive branch 3 promised to abolish Congress, kill thousands (Philippine Government Official GaZette). of criminals, and transition from a centraliZed government to a more Human Rights federaliZed one. Some two years later, the The Philippines has long had a spotted changes are still being implemented. Where history with regards to human rights. The will they go from here? As members of this regime of President Ferdinand Marcos is specialiZed committee, the fate of the now considered one of the most brutal parts Philippines is in your hands. Welcome to of recent Philippine history. After declaring Rodrigo Duterte's Cabinet. martial law in 1972, Marcos gave the army the power to suppress the people, which lead Brief History of the Philippines to nearly 400 disappearances, 1400 salvages, The Philippines is an archipelago nation and 1500 other casualties according to consisting of 7,000 densely populated proclamation 1081 by the Filipino islands in the South China Sea. While it has government. Since then, though conditions no land borders, the Philippines is a hotbed have improved greatly, many are concerned for trade, geopolitical contest, and that Duterte is taking the country back down environmental change. Originally coloniZed a similar path. 1 “Philippines Polls: Rodrigo Duterte Headed for Victory.” GCC www.cia.goV/library/publications/the-world- News | Al Jazeera, Al Jazeera, 10 May 2016, factbook/geos/rp.html. www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/05/philippines-election- 3 “Philippine Constitutions | GOVPH.” Official Gazette of the 160509061757928.html. Republic of the Philippines, 2 “The World Factbook: Philippines.” Central Intelligence Agency, www.officialgazette.goV.ph/constitutions/. Central Intelligence Agency, 1 Feb. 2018, Current Crisis: Duterte Administration DartMUN XIV journalists and critics of the regime. In In recent years, the international community August 2017, Duterte reportedly sanctioned has become