Volume XXVIII No. 7 July, 1973 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSooAnm OF xmsH RERKEES UI GREAT BRITAIN

'^' Bresli was on the whole about 51% and in the last auer half year 39%, the percentage of acknow­ ledged claims from abroad was 62^% and in the past half year still 58%. In the view of this writer the reasons for this phenomenon TOWARDS THE END OF INDEMNmCATION are the following ones: On the one hand, generally claimants resident in Germany seem to have been more inclined to put forward AND RESTITUTION PROCEEDINGS questionable claims. On the other hand, the officials of the indemnification offices, includ­ . This article is based on the half-yearly stat- several claims under different headings. Of ing those who are still comparatively young 'stics which the Lander of the Federal Repub- these claims about 74,500 have not yet been and cannot judge the Nazi era from first­ •p submit to the Federal authorities. Copies settled. hand experience, seem to be quite conversant °i these reports are also sent to the Confer­ According to latest statistics the number of with the fact that all Jews were persecuted ence on Material Claims Against Germany claims still pending when the Entschadigungs- in every possible way. They appear to be less which in tum brings them to the notice of schlussgesetz was promulgated on September inclined to accept that there were also quite a l^s affiliates, including the Council of Jews 18, 1965, and lodged after 1965 amounted to number of others, political opponents of the ''°ni Gennany. The reports are analysed and 1,140,000, of which 885,000 were submitted by Nazi regime or people who simply could not commented on by the Director of the Claims persons living abroad. As already stated, stomach its excesses, who were persecuted Conference, Dr. Emst Katzenstein, and serve 74,500 cases were still unsettled at the end of and are now liable to claim for the damage ^ the basis of his indefatigable work directed 1972; of these 63,000 referred to claims from they have suffered. Jot only to legislative developments, but also abroad. In all Lander, with the exception of It is also interesting to note from the statis­ •? the proper administrative handling of the Rheinland-Pfalz, on the average only 2% of tics to what extent the various groups of yaims. Throughout the years, the Council of the foreign claims were still pending. In indemnification claims from abroad were ews from Germany has rendered its assist- Rheinland-Pfalz, however, the percentage of acknowledged and rejected. The final figures ''ce in this work by applications and corres­ imsettled foreign cases amounts to 19%. This of claims settled after 1965, for instance, re­ pondence, in former years also by its repre- fact has its very good reasons. A great num­ veal that of claims made for damage to pro­ ^ntatiyes' journeys to Bonn and to the ber of the claimants were persecutees who fessional income about 139,000 were acknow­ uthorities of the various Lander, as set out had formerly not lived in the present terri­ ledged and 42,000 rejected. In cases covering '".detail for the period until 1967 in the tory of the Federal Republic (including West damage to property, including special levies printed report on "Die Arbeit des Council of Berlin) but in the present German Demo­ such as Judenabgabe and Reichsfluchtsteuer, ews from Germany auf dem Gebiet der Wie- cratic Republic, or in those parts of former the relationship of acknowledged to rejected ^ergutmachung" rendered by the late Dr. F. Germany now in the hands of other countries, claims is 45,000 to 44,000. This may, to some oldschmidt and the present writer. The work or in foreign countries which were occupied extent, be due to the fact that quite a few ^s also been carried out in constant co- by the Nazis. It was necessary to determine claims of this kind were settled under the jP^T^tion with the United Restitution Organ- which Lander should deal with these claims. Federal Restitution Law. In the case of claims anri '^ which handles the individual claims It was arranged that claims of persons for­ for deprivation of liberty the figures are nd which was established at the initiative of merly resident in the present territory of the 38,000 to 27,000, and in the case of damage to ^''e CouncU. GDR were to be handled by the indemnifica­ life and health 89,000 to 77,000. tion office at Hildesheim, situated in the Land , ^s now 25 years have passed since the Niedersachsen, and the claims of former resi­ The relationship between the various groups jj^^^lation in the field of restitution and com- dents of the lost or occupied territories by of claims is, however, very different when jj^ation started, it seems approprate to re- the Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, if the claim­ the actual payments made are compared. At th ""^ ^^^ present position as revealed in ants now live in Europe, and by the Land the time of the promulgation of the first in­ J, ^ statistics. The first laws which regulated Rheinland-Pfalz, if they now live outside demnification laws it was estimated that the ^ restitution of identifiable property were Europe. This regulation was not damaging in whole amount needed to settle these claims womulgated by the Allied Governments, and the first two instances, Niedersachsen and would be between six and eight thousand "a '^^^ were directed against individual Nordrhein-Westfalen, as the big apparatus of million D. Marks. The figures of the statistics tj^'^nisers" of property of the persecutees. the indemnification offices in these Lander now show that the indemnification cases alone Qj^y .need not be considered in the context could take the work in its stride. Yet the (from claimants within Gennany and abroad) j^g'his article. A few years later the German Land Rheinland-Pfalz, where the number of already amounted to 33,500 million D. Marks; rg^'jer and the Federal Republic began to indigenous persecutees was not large and where to these have to be ad(ied another 3,500 mil­ jj^Sulate indemnification claims on accoimt of resources were limited, has increasingly been lion D. Marks for payments under the ^^ various measures of Nazi persecution, unable to cope with its work, to the great Federal Restitution Law and 8,000 million D. y^^^ding to the latest statistics covering the detriment of this group of claimants which Marks paid under other headings, such as 98^^ "ntil December 31, 1972, approximately includes residents especially in the United claims under special arrangements with the by °^ those claims which were submitted States, South America and Israel. Some years State of Israel and indemnification claims gj^P^rsecutees outside Germany have been under the special law for the indemnification ago, a branch office of the indemnification of persecuted officials of the Reich, the j^aaiised in all Lander with the exception of authority Rheinland-Pfalz was established in Lander and communities, including Jewish j^^ineland-Pfalz, to which reference will be Berlin where the authorities could spare the communities. It is estimated that a further the later. There is even one Land, albeit necessary number of case workers. Neverthe­ 8,000 million D. Marks will have to be paid ej. ^'nallest one, i.e. Bremen, where at the less, the backlog of claims to be finished by under the various laws imtil 1975. The sums clai °^ ^^ ^^^ °°* ^ single application by the Rheinland-Pfalz authorities has remained still to be paid after 1975 (mainly annuities nants resident outside the Federal Re- the most conspicuous weak spot of the whole and pensions) are estimated at 25,000 million thr *^^ ^*^1 pending (there were still organisation. D. Marks. ,S^ claims of people resi(lent in Bremen). be .^ number of claims submitted from the The statistics reveal that the percentage of The statistics also include details about the ginning of the indemnification legislation rejected cases was considerably higher among capital payments and annuities to claimants liilr *^ ^^^ °* ^^'^2 amounted to about 4J claims by residents of the Federal Republic abroad under the Federal Indemnification ig Y!.^^' °f course, the number of claimants than among claims from abroad. Whilst the Law. The capital payments for damage to *er because frequently one claimant had percentage of acknowledged inland claims Continued on page 2, colnnui 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION July, 1973 TOWARDS THE END OF FROM THE GERMAN SCENE INDEMNIFICATION BRANDT'S VISIT TO ISRAEL WAR CRIMINALS Continued from page 1 Himmler Aide Chancellor Brandt's visit to Israel received professional earnings amount to approximately wide coverage in Germany, Israel and other Inquiries into the wartime role of Horst 2,700 million D. Marks, and capital payments counitries. Apart from a few, unimpressive Bender, a Stuttgart lawyer who was the legal protests, there were no signs of resentment adviser to Heinrich Himmler, the S.S. cbiei. for damage to life or health altogether have been opened by the Central Agency p^ approximately also to this amount. Payments in Israel, and the welcome accorded him by Mrs. Meir and other Israeli leaders was par­ the Investigation of Nazi Crimes at Ludwigs­ for damage to liberty amount to approximately ticularly cordial. The Chancellor reiterated burg. . 2,500 million D. Marks, and for damage to the attatude of the Federal German Republic Bender recently admitted advising Himini^r property to about 900 million D. Marks. As to Israel: Bonn seeks normal diplomatic rela­ in 1942 that the murder of Jews " for political far as current annuities paid to claimants tions with any country which wants them reasons" should not be punished; only theu abroad are concemed, they have so far but these ties "cannot come at the expense of murder " on sadistic or sexual grounds amounted to 10,700 million D. Marks for West German relations with the State of should be punished. damage to life and health, whereas annuities Israel." Mrs. Meir has accepted an invitation by ChanceUor Brandtt to pay a retum visit to Trials for loss of professional income amounted to The trial in Dusseldorf of Albert Ganzen- only 5,400 million D. Marks, i.e. half of that Germany. Shortly before he left Israel, a ceremony was held at the Weizmann Institute mueller, a former State secretary in the Naa amount. It is estimated for the future that at wlhich Brandt was awarded an honorary Transport Ministry, was adjourned after "^ the relationship between the various types of doctorate of the Instetuite. In his reply to suffered a severe heart attack. Ganzenmuelier annuities will remain the same. the address by Foreign Minister Abba Eban is accused of organising the deportation w and to the laudatio of Professor Sharon the many thousands of European Jews to concen­ As has been seen, this article refers almost Chancellor said: "I consider the award as an tration camps, where they perished. exclusively to the claims made by claimants expression of confidence in the political Werner Best, who was charged with respon" abroad under the indemnification laws. It does leadership of the Federal Republic and I sibility for the murder of 8,723 Poles, mostly not include details of the claims under the cherish this confidence as the main gift pra- Jews, during 1939 and 1940, was freed fro»j Federal Restitution Law but it can be stated sented to me on the occasion of my visit. I pre-trial custody last August on medicai that they too have now been finalised in their measure it in relation to the Monument out­ grounds. great majority. Nor does it refer to the claims side this auditorium Which commemorates the Hahn Convicted of former officials and various other claims victims of the Infemo." A Hamburg court has sentenced Dr. Ludwig dealt with under different legislation, such as Hahn to 12 years' imprisonment. The prosecu­ social security, Lastenausgleich and claims EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES tion had demanded 47 times life impnson­ against special separate funds. It should also ment for Hahn, who was the Nazi securiiy be mentioned that the whole great work of Alderman Sir Samuel Fisher, senior vice- chief in Warsaw. Schiller University in J^"~ restitution and indemnification in the Federal president of the Board of Deputies, during an (G.D.R.) has annulled Hahn's doctor's degree- Republic of Germany, of course, also has quite address in Westcliff called for closer and more 5,600 Still Suspected a few loopholes. Now, after nearly 25 years, frequent co-operation between the Anglo- Trials of Nazi war criminals will not end iD it is in many cases impossible to do anything Jewish community and representative Jewish West Germany before 1980 predicted V]- about this and to help those who have been organisations in Europe. Diether Posser, North Rhine-Westphalia = insufficiently cared for. Minister of Justice. Inquiries into the aetiv Pointing out that apparently the com­ ties of 5,600 suspected Nazis were continuinB The Claims Conference endeavours, how­ munities in some countries in Europe are not in West Germany, said Dr. Posser, pointing 9" ever, to take up some groups of cases which, as well organised as we are in Britain, he that 2,700 of these were living in North Rjii"p they believe, could still be assisted, for in­ said it would be our duty and responsibUity Westphalia. Procedures should be speeded UP stance the claims of those persecutees who to assist and encourage them in any necessary to bring cases to trial, he said, because the came out of the countries behind the Iron reorganisation. Approaches and efforts towards average age of the suspects was now 65 y^ig Curtain after 1965 and who have no claims such co-operation should be started early in and because witnesses were fast forgetting i" under the present legislation. It remains to be the life of the Board of Deputies' new tri­ events of the war years. seen whether these endeavours will be success­ ennial session. As a cohesive force the board MUNICH COMMUNITY PRESIDENT 60 ful. It also remains to be seen whether Chan­ could emerge as a great power in the im­ provement of Jewish life, and would un­ Dr. Hans Lamm, President of the Muni^ cellor Brandt's East-West policy will have any Jewish community, who is also well ^^^tgi consequences of importance in the field of in­ doubtedly play its part in this field with other Jewish organisations, both national and inter- an author and publicist, recently celebra'- demnification and restitution. So far, most of his eoth birthday. the Communist countries, especially the GDR, nationaL have refused to make any payments to resi­ GUEST LECTURER dents of Western countries. Furthermore, CELLE SYNAGOGUE TO BECOME The sociologist, Dr. Norbert Elias, untU 1H_ Federal legislation also excludes payments to MUSEUM retirement in 1964 professor at Leicester L^^J residents of countries with which the Federal Tbe oldest preserved synagogue in North- versity, has been invited to give lectures Republic has no diplomatic relations. West Germany, which is located in Celle and the Free University of Berlin. In the field of indemnification people living dates back to about 1600, is to be converted AUSTRIAN STAMP IN MEMORY in Gennany and in the Western countries are, into a museum for Jewish ritual art. It will OF NOBEL PRIZE-WINNER as our readers know, cared for by Federal also serve as a house of prayer for visitors of the near-by site of the former Bergen- The Austrian postal authorities issii|,^2;e legislation regardless of where their former Belsen concentration camp. The btuldmg, special stamp in memory of the Nobel rr residence was. This, however, is not the case which escaped destruction during the Novem­ winner. Professor Otto Loewi, who was D" in "restitution matters. ber, 1938, pogroms, was bought by the city 100 years ago on June 3 in Frankfurt/M^ gt Lastly, it has been repeadedly reported that of Celle in 1971. The repair costs are estimated Otto Loewi was professor of pharmacology j, at about DM 200,000 and wUl be borne by the Graz University from 1909 untU he was arr?=^ on the basis of the decision of the Federal municipality as well as by voluntary donations ed and expeUed by the Nazis in 1939. He en Constitution Court of December 1969, there is, from Christian congregations. in New York in 1961. in certain cases, the possibility of starting new proceedings in cases previously dealt with. Greatly exaggerated hopes have been expres­ sed in this respect in Jewish papers. It is, of course, the right and duty of persecutees to examine whether they can make renewed Greyhound Guaranty Limited claims under this new case law. However, a detailed examination will probably show in Bankers most cases that this will not be possible. The time limit for some specific categories of these new claims has not yet expired, but it is signi­ 5 GRAFTON STREET, MAYFAIR, ficant that so far less than 1,000 of these claims have been submitted to the large LONDON, W.l indemnification office in Berlin (information of middle of May, 1973). It is by no means cer­ Telephone: 01-629 1208 tain that even of these claims already sub­ mitted the greater part will be acknowledged. AJR INFORMATION July, 1973 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLOJUDAICA Alyth Gardens Anniversary ALARM AT NF POLL BIRTHDAY HONOURS In the Queen's birthday honours Ust Mr. The North Westem Reform Synagogue, Alarm was expressed by politicians and Rudolf Schwarz, principal conductor of the Alyth Gardens, celebrated its 40th anniver­ Jewish defence organisations at the votes cast Northern Symphony Orchestra, was made a sary last month. The original membership was in the recent West Bromwich parliamentary C.B.E. Born in Vienna, Mr. Schwarz was con­ composed equaUy of newly arrived refugees oy-election, when the racialist National Front ductor of the orchestra of the Berlin Jewish and British citizens. Among its past presidents Picked up 16 per cent of the total poll. The Kulturbund from 1936 untU the Kulturbund were Dr. Leo Baeck and Proiessor Norman Np parliamentary candidate, Mr. Martin was dissolved by Nazi decree in 1941. The Bentwich. Ite present president is Professor JVebster, polled 4,789 votes as against 15,907 list of the new O.B.E.s includes Mr. Herbert Emst Cohn. Loebl, of Newcastle upon Tyne, a long-stand­ tor Labour and 7,582 for the Conservatives, ing member of the AJR, for services to ^r. Webster campaigned on a policy of halting Woman Reform Leader *11 coloured immigration and of repatriating export. ^^1 coloured people now living in Britain. The C.B.E. was also awarded to Mr Pierre Mrs. Eva MitcheU, a vice-chairman of the Gildesgame, president of Maccabi Association ; 30,000-strong Reform Synagogues of Great Mr. Victor Mishcon, chairman of the Board Mr. Louis Klein (Sydney), president of the Britain, has been elected chairman. She is j*t. Deputies' Jewish defence and group re­ Executive Council of Australian Jewry-; and the first woman to hold the post since the lations committee, stated that the vote shows Mr. Ernest Wistrich, director, British CouncU movement was established in 1842. a danger signal which should be heeded by of the European Movement. The new chairman has been involved with the majority parties and recognised as a Among the newly appointed M.B.E.s is the the Reform movement virtually all her life. threat to democracy and harmonious relation­ Rev. Dr. Barnett Joseph, minister of the Her father was president of the Jewish com­ ships between citizens of this country. WhUst Hackney Synagogue for services as hospital munity in Munster, Germany, where she this particular campaign had no overtly anti- and prison chaplain. Miss Charlotte Skibben, was bom, her uncle. Rabbi Fritz Steinthal, a founder member and secretary of the Leeds leading the congregation in the same city. The Semitic overtones, he said, the Board of family came to England a month before the deputies reaUsed that the Right-wing racialist Blind Society for nearly 27 years since she lost her eyesight, who has worked as a tele­ outbreak of war, settling in Glossop, Derby­ Parties constitute a threat to all good race shire. !Jlations and religious tolerance. The pro- phonist in the Department of Employment, '^azi origins of the leadership of the NF received the B.E.M. New United Synagogue President '^ould not be forgotten. PRAISE FROM MRS. THATCHER Speaking as guest of honour at a dinner in Sir Isaac Wolfson, who retired in June as ANTISEMITISM AMONG STUDENTS president of the United Synagogue, personally Hampstead Garden Suburb to celebrate the recommended Mr. Alfred Woolf as his suc­ silver jubilee of the Kerem schools, Mrs. cessor, also recommending Mr. George M. Gee Addressing the Bournemouth branch of the Margaret Thatcher, the Secretary of State for as vice-president. ^ouncU of Christians and Jews, Mrs. Joan Education and Science, praised Anglo-Jewry's The main reason given by Sir Isaac for t^awrence, publications officer of the council, network of independent day schools. She said his retirement (he will be 76 in September) is ^Poke of the "alarming growth of virulent it was extremely good for the State to have that he intends to spend much more time ^tisemitic filth being printed in the rag week a rival system as a safeguard against a abroad. Some ciuarters, however, assumed that ''Magazines by student bodies of several uni­ monopoly in education. Sir Isaac's wish to retire was precipitated by versities". This growing anti-Jewish prejudice possible future disunity among the hon. officers and by criticism of his own handling aiftong many student bodies emphasised the RELIGIOUS EDUCATION ^tal neej f^. educational work among the of US meetings. young that the CCJ was carrying out, albeit The annual meeting of the Central CouncU *ith limited funds, severely restricted through for Jewish ReUgious Education was told that ZF Clapton School * complacent lack of support by the Jewish if more attention is not paid to religious '^''nimunity. education in the provinces, the future of The State-aided Simon Marks Jewish Jewish religion coidd be at stake. The pro­ Primary School, Clapton, built at a cost of vinces, it was stated, suffered very badly from over £250,000, has been formally opened. ''ROTESTS AT BALLET PERFORMANCES the lack of educational facilities. Replacing the 17-year-old Clapton Jewish Day School, it was established under the auspices .The "Manchester '73" festival, which in- CALL-GIRL SCANDAL of the Zionist Federation educational trust. ^luded visits by the Kirov Ballet of Russia, p.e deputy chairman of Leningrad (Man- Norma Levy, who figures prominently in "^^ter's "twin" town), Mr. Evgieny Gogolev, the call-girl scandal which has toppled two Jewish Law and Medicine net a Leningrad judge, was made the occasion ministers, is an Irish Roman CathoUc. Her . *" a sustained campaign on behalf of per- husband, Colin, has a Jewish father and a In a lecture to the Institute of Jewish •^euted Jews in the Soviet Union. non-Jewish mother. Studies the Chief Rabbi, Dr. Immanuel J ^Representatives of Manchester's Jewish Jakobovits, spoke on recent rabbinical res­ "^imunity met Mr. Gogolev to protest at the ponse in medical ethics. Medical opinion, he said, had now confirmed ^ismissai from the Kirov BaUet of Valery With acknowledgement to the news a Galina Panov, who had applied for visas rabbinical hesitations to heart transplants, service of the Jewish Chronicle. having now almost completely discontinued th, emigrate to Israel. A statement issued after the operations. Halachic objections were, Con .'''^eting, which was said to have been however, set aside in life- or sight-«aving clif "^ in an atmosphere of cordiality, dis- operations, provided certain safeguards were that^*^ that Mr. Gogolev told the delegation observed. Although the rabbis were also un­ Prp ^^^ery Panov had found himself in his Your House for:— compromisingly opposed to direct euthanasia, beh "^^ situation "because of his lack of good some recent opinions held that in very care­ IJ naviour and repeated attempts to change CURTAINS, CARPETS, fully defined cases a terminal patient's agony ^g| nationaUty". Mr. Gogolev spoke of the did not have to be prolonged by artificial £ "^ble contributions made by the Jews of FLOORCOVERINGS means. tiji^ngrad. The Jewish delegation stated that j^ y Were in contact with many Jews in SPECIALITY atio ^'^^ who were suffering extreme depriv- Anniversary of Lecture Conunittee Isj. '^ because of their desire to emigrate to CONTINENTAL DOWN A reception was given by the Board of cutjjjerTh e were also protests against the perse- QUILTS Deputies to mark the 40th anniversary of the the fi °^ Jews in Russia on the occasion of Central Jewish Lecture Committee, the body Stato A* London performance of the Georgian ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS engaged in anti-defamation work in this coun­ the ^i.t^^'ice Company at the CoUseum. Before ESTIMATES FREE try. Tributes were paid to the chairman and ^'•om opened, a hunting horn was sounded secretary of the committee, the Rev. Isaac ^om °^^ °^ the boxes and six members of the Livingstone and Mr. Myer Domnitz, respec­ ^Ss) ^"^ Campaign for Soviet Jewry (the DAWSON-LANE LIMITED tively. Referring to the results of the West Uijik_^,shed on to the stage with open black (••ImblUlM* 1»4a) Bromwich by-election. Sir Samuel Fisher, vice- The T ^s bearing the words "U.S.S.R. Free 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK president of the Board, said : " We know from itig tu^^^s ". There were also interruptions dur- experience that whenever an anti-Negro mood Dathii^ Performance. In the view of many sym- Telephone: 904 6871 prevails Jews cannot afford to ignore it, quite ter-nl^r^ with the cause, the action was coun- PtnoMi attMitloa •! Mr. W. Skackma*. apart from the duty to fight injustice and Productive. discrimination even when it affects others ". Page 4 AJR INFORMATION July, 1973 JEWRY IN THE EAST NEWS FROM ABROAD DR. LEVICH CONSCRIPTED Dr. Yevgeny Levich, the astrophysicist and UNITED STATES SOUTH AFRICA son of Professor Benjamin Levich, the distin' guished physical chemist, has been conscnpteu The Watergate Affair Complicity Accusation into the Army and sent to an Artie niilitar> camp. He was apprehended whilst on his waj The annual meeting of the American Jew­ Writing in " Strike", the organ of the to a medical examination ordered by the Soviei ish Committee approved a resolution calUng Student Jewish Association of the University Army because he complained that his heaii" for a " thorough, totally independent investi­ of Cape Town, students criticised leaders of would not aUow him to do miUtary service- gation of aU aspects of the Watergate scan­ the Jewish community for not giving a lead Both father and son have applied to emigra^'^ dal ". Praising " the demonstrated courage of in the drive against apartheid. to Israel. * those in the judiciary, the press and Congress Moscow radio, in a broadcast beamed to Professor Levich was summoned to a meei who have demonstrated their determination to Africa, used this criticism to reinforce an ing of the chemical board of the Soviet .Acao- pursue the truth wherever it may lead ", the accusation of South African Jewish complicity emy of Sciences and told that his activities A.J.C. said that the evidence already un­ " in the brutalities and humiliations from were " damaging " to the Soviet Union. He len covered " indicates that the political system which the majority of the country's population the room in protest when the board chairman has been compromised perhaps as never before are suffering". The broadcast singled out proposed the application of the academy* in our history ". South African Zionists as " accomplices of the crimes of the South African racialists", regulations deoriving members of all aca­ attacking the " top leaders of the Jewish demic titles " if their activity is damaging <•" J.D.L. Raid bourgeoisie " for imposing their views on the the Soviet Union ". The Federal Bureau of Investigation raided community. EMIGRATION the New York office of the Jewish Defence League, reportedly ransacking it and remov­ Objection to Jewish Mayor The Soviet authorities are prepared to aUoW ing a number of files. Mr. David Fish, the 300,000 Jews to leave at the rate of 30,""" The Dutch Reformed Church council in the a year, which would constitute about 10 v^^ acting director of the J.D.L., claimed that the Orange Free State town of Odendaalsrust has raid "was designed to break our spirit on cent of the Jewish population of the Sovie approved a resolution protesting against the Union. This beUef has been expressed by w'^ the eve of Brezhnev's visit". The American election of a Jewish mayor, Mr. Edel Cohen. Jewish Congress caUed on the Mayor of New Israeli CouncU for Soviet Jewry, who tnin^ The council meeting was called by the Rev. that this may be done to satisfy world P^°r: York to investigate the F.B.I, raid. The organ­ D. Botes, a prominent member of the Broeder­ isation deplored the activities of the J.D.L., an opinion. However, recent information maic^'^^. bond, the secret society which aims at main­ that Jews from Moscow, the Ukraine and otn^' A.J.C. spokesman said, but they were obliged taining Afrikaner control of key positions in to defend its civil rights. South Africa. Church council members not areas would have difflculties placed in tnei associated with the Broederbond walked out way. Honorary Degrees in protest against the resolution, calling it A DEMONSTRATION AND A PICNIC "disgraceful". The Jewish Theological Seminary of About 40 Soviet Jews, aU of whom had beea America awarded a doctorate of divinity to BELGIUM refused permission to emigrate to tsree. Rabbi Wolfe Kelman, the executive vice- Intellectuals' Declaration staged a day-long sit-in at the offices, ot w' president of the Rabbinical Assembly (Conser­ Communist party central committee in ?^" vative), and an honorary law doctorate to Mr. A declaration signed by 60 Jewish inteUec­ cow. They went to inquire why the commii":. Itzhak Rabin, formerly Israel's Ambassador to tuals appeared in " Le Soir ", one of Belgium's had not replied to a letter protesting afiains the United States. biggest daily newspapers. The signatories of the unjustified rejection of thousands ot aPH ^ Yeshiva University awarded a doctorate of " The Jews and the State of Israel", which cations to emigrate to Israel, and agai"|;Jiet laws to Senator Henry Jackson. The univer­ was published during Belgian Jewry's cele­ unjustified imprisonment and trial of oo^' sity also made Mr. Eh Wiesel, the Holocaust brations of Israel's 25th anniversary, express­ Jews who had applied to go to Israel. „ author, and Dr. Jean Piaget, the Swiss child ed their opposition to " the opportunity given In celebration of Israel's 25th independent-^ psychologist, doctors of humane letters. to Israel to put herself forward as the de­ anniversary, about 100 Moscow Jews nao fender and spokesman of all world Jewry". picnic outside the city. Under surveillance "^ Jewish Mayor for New York ? The statement denied that Zionism was an uniformed and plain-clothes police and i^;^^. adequate response to the danger of anti­ officials, the proceedings ended vvith the re" - With the victory of Mr. Abraham Beame in semitism, mamtaining that it did not create ing by a participant of the declaration the Democratic mayoral primary, there may fellowship between national communities, re­ independence made by Mr. David Ben-uW'^ be a chance that New York City will have a duce racial tension or promote peace in the at the Tel Aviv Museum on May l\t94o- Jewish mayor for the first time. Mr. Beame world. number of Jews were prevented by the P"* j is strongly favoured because of his attraction This publication has caused considerable from reaching the picnic in their car^'^pvirs to Jewish voters, who constitute an important controversy within the Belgian community. police arrested a group of young Moscow J^ voting bloc in New York. The Union of Former Jewish Students pub­ who visited the picnic site the day oeio lished a vigorous protest against it. " Le Soir ", releasing them after the picnic. itself commenting on the declaration, said that ARGENTINA the assertions could not be taken seriously. IMPROVED ATMOSPHERE IN HUNGAB» Among the signatories to the declaration Kidnapped Jews Sholem Aleichem's play, " Fiddler on the appeared the names of three administrators of Roof", first shown in February, continue& ^^ the Martin Buber Institute of Jewish Studies. The Argentine community is expressing Many of the others are members of Left-wing attract packed theatre audiences in Budap grave concern at the increasing number of groups. Although the many reviews praising tne P (.^ Argentine Jews who have been kidnapped and duction largely ignore the Jewish eleme held to ransom this year. The latest victims prominent members of Hungary's 100,00u. JC ^^ are Mr. Jose Marinansky, a wealthy business­ judge the success of the play as indicative man, for whom a ransom of £350,000 was de­ Gorfa Radiovision Service the improved atmosphere in the country- g manded, and Mr. Isaac Tchicourel, a member A Jew may experience certain disadvanws of the Buenos Aires Sephardi community and (Member R.T.R.A.) in job competition in Hungary, but n^°^''j|scri- a leading technical expert in Argentine's tex­ bers of thf e communit" y report" no' open" disc tile industry. mination , in spite of the Hungarian .(^*^gnist 13 Frognal Paraiie, ment's anti-Israel stance and the anti^Zio* ^ comments appearing in the press. Quite DENMARK Finchley Road, comments appearing in me press. '«"*:„stits large number of Jews occupy prominenitv P"r _._ London, N.W.3 Appointment of Nazi Lecturer in the Government and in industrialIndustrial, cqim?cqmDi' .g. (435 8635) cial and cultural spheres, and Jewish reli?i ^^ Povl Heinrich Riis-Knudsen, the 23-year-old observance is allowed on the same oasi* ^ leader of the National Socialist Youth move­ that permitted to other faiths. In Buciap.^jj ment, has been appointed as a lecturer at alone about 30 synagogues are open,^^^,. Aarhus University in Jutland. Rus-Knudsen, others in the provinces. About 15 Jewisn j^j, who has professed his admiration of Hitler Special Summer Offer dents attend courses at the Hungarian B^Pujoi- and Nazism and has adopted the title of cal Seminary in the capital—the only.rao" . Bush 20" Mono - £61.95 cal seminary in the Communist countries. J .^j, " Reichsfuehrer ", wUl lecture on " Nazi and ish reUgion and history is taught along ^.gj, fascist ideology" at the university. the State syUabus at the Anne Frank «*»j5 Many sections of the Danish public have Bush 24" Mono - £69-95 School, attended by about 75 pupUs. There ^ protested against the appointment. According Colour Television fiom £225.00 a market for matzot baked in Budapest an^^pd to Danish law, Riis-Knudsen cannot be dis­ the Jewish communities of East Germany .g^ missed as long as he adheres to the theme — Colour Television Rentals — Czechoslovakia, and there are enough ^"''for of his university lectures and abstains from butchers' shops to meet local demands propaganda. kosher meat. AJR INFORMATION July, 1973 Page 5 ^fns I. Bach Friedlander states that the essay can only be fully understood "when it is seen as the great poem in which the tensiloin and tbe para­ dox of Jewish experience becomes the great A Comprehensive Biography of Leo Baeck confession of the Jewish faith. . . . The essay must also be understood on the basis of In time for the centenary of Leo Baeck's like candles" anyway. Could his decision not Baeck's personaUty. And, conversely, it teUs birth, the Littman Library of JewisOi CivUiza- also be understood as a responsible, heroic us a great deal about Baeck. The few studies tion publishes Dr. Albert H. Friedlander's bio- silence? of Baeck's life that have appeared . . . and Sfaphy, "Leo Baeck, Teacher of Theresien- The new German version of the biography the reports of contemporaries have all stressed ?tadt" (Routledge, £4). Rabbi Friedlamder, the adds a recollection from Leo Baeck's first the rational thinker who foUowed Hermann Minister of Westminster Synagogue and Direc­ rabbinic appointment at Oppeln, two brief Cohen: cool, somewbat detached, ironic and tor of Studies at the Leo Baeck College, quotes from letters of his to his daughter, irenic [the German version rightly adds: a London, was a pupil of Leo Baeck himself. then a young girl, and passages from a diary mediator]. But behind that rationalism there The English edition foUows the American of Rabbi Dr. Salzberger during the first world was the buming knowledge of the revela­ (1968). In a German translation by Eva war when Dr. Baeck was stationed at the tion". More precisely, Friedlander caUs Baeck Gartner, published simultaneously under the Eastem front. There is also tlhe nice story a "representative of rationalism within mysti­ auspices of the Leo Baeck Institute (Deutsche of a Jewish man whom he discovered when cism", speaks of his "metaphysical poetry" \erlagsanstalt, Stuttgart, 1973, DM 30) some visiting Russian prisoners of war and for and of his "mUlenian messianism." Extend­ Changes and additions have been incorpiorated. whom he obtained leave during Sabbath. Since ing his teacher's special interest in The introduotion, "Prelude at Terezin", pre­ his unit was transferred, however, he had to the ancient midrash as a clarification of Jewish sents Leo Baeck as a "beast of burden" carry- stay and travel with Dr. Baeck, as "his" teaching emd a defence against attacks by "*S a garbage cart and conducting philosophi- prisoner of war, for quite some time. either pagans or Christians, Friedlander •^i conversations with his companion, a From Eva Reichmann's recollections of what characterises much of Baeck's writing as a ^versity don, and likewise portraying him Dr. Baeck told her on his retum from Tbere- "new midrash" and, doing fuU justice to his *s the rabbi and teacher foUowing his call sienstadt, two may be quoted: the charming lifelong defence of Judaism against Chris­ ^^en, and just, in this environment. In the one that the Russians who liberated the camp, tianity, caUs him a "modem Jehuda Halevi". loUowing biographical part the published data treating him with great respect, put a troop °t Leo Beck's life are carefuUy collected, and With regard to the connection between horse at his disposal which, experienced in Baeck's works and his personaUty, Fried­ y.^- Friedlander has been able to add to them riding from the first world war, he was glad ^itherto unknown material. An old pupil of lander notes that the i>ersonal pronoun "I" is to use. The other story is very serious. One never used: "The man always receded behind °aeck, Dr. Alfred Jospe, "shared" with him of tJhe barracks at Terezin was then over­ °is "insights on Leo Baeck's life and thought." the message". He continues: "Yet behind that crowded with typhoid patients in the last calmness, which could sometimes be cold, and 'i"om Rabbi Dr. EmU Cohn's son he obtained stages of the disease who clamoured for re­ "Jl unpublished letter in which Leo Baeck, stUl that Olympian detachment, whicih sometimes lease. Baeck went to the barracks and closed appeared almost too far away from life, there j} Oppeln, expressed his indignation at his col- the door behind him. When he started to **gue's dismissal by the Berlin Jewish com- blazed a passion and an excitement which speak, he was shouted down. He countered could and did communicate itself to others. ^^ity owing to his Zionist activities. The this by lowering his voice to a whisper— J^ York Leo Baeck Institute put at his dis- His private life gives full testimony of an then it became quiet. He told his fellow inner warmth and a personal commitment to ^^1 a letter refusing a post in America prisoners that to grant their request would ffered to Leo Baeck during tihe Nazi years and the Mitmensch that made him reach out to mean a last victory for the Nazis by the infec­ student or congregant or friend with deep post-war correspondence with a Dr. R. Jaser. tion of the survivors. When one of them asked: concern for the other life. The pubUc life , ^- Friedlander could complement his maiterial "And what will become of us?" Leo Baeck was different, had to be different when Baeck y a number of interviews, with Emst Simon, said: "I shall stey with you", and they saw knew himself to represent German Jewry as j^oraham Heschel, the famous Protestant theo- that he had brought with him a bundle of his it was being liquidated. But to some extent "^^ Paul TUUch, and even Hannah Arendt. belongings and his night-tihings. He stayed with there does exist a personal testimony, even W^^ Simon told him the anecdote of a them imtU they urged him to leave in order a mystic testimony: Baeck's writings. Identi­ j"^cn invitation by an adherent of the ex- to avoid becoming infected himself. fied with Judaism and with Jewry, his apolo­ wv ?^^ orthodox Rabbi Breuer at Frankfort The view of Leo Baeck which Dr. Fried- getics become an apologia pro vita sua y^ich Leo Baeck accepted with the qualifica- lander meit with in several of his interviews [apology for his own life]. And his descrip­ jj.'^' "I can only eat milchig in your house", was "a continued emphasis upon him as a tion of the mystery and the commandment fcn .'^ost asked hotly: "Do you question my great reUgious personality, as the outstanding as it exists in the Jewish experience is a ^n-rutV Baeck repUed: "At the home of a communal leader, as a great moral hero rather delineation of his innermost self. When Baeck j^ who questions the kashrut of my friend than as an important thinker". FeeUng that describes Jewish mysticism in terms of ite jj^**^?!. I can only eat milchig". (Rabbi Ne- these judgments were "not based on a full ethical impulse and ite rational system, he Fra ^ Nobel was an orthodox minister at evaluation of Baeck's thought," he set out is again describing an aspect of his self which ^kfort, bitterly attacked by the extremists.) to provide just that and thus to present "the cleaves to this type of mysticism within the r°—e "o^f thes"lese interviews, wofiwithn i^uPauil TilUchlimcn, outlines of an inteUectual biography". The Jewish experience. When Ihe shows the hidden j^Dis to have strongly influenced Dr. Fried- two first chapters, the biography proper, are polemics of the rabbinic texte in the cen­ ^^^ in arriving at a view he might other- therefore followed by five chapters on Baeck's turies of Christianity's first development, he ft^ not have taken. He quotes from Eric writings: "First Encounter: Baeck's polemic gives us an insight into his own works where ^tun's book, "We survived" (1949), that a against Hamack"; "The Essence of Judaism"; the polemic is now open, now concealed. And (J '^^ prisoner at Theresienstadt, an engineer "Baeck and Christianity"; "Leo Baeck and the when Baeck talks about the strength rising fi^^^'^berg, told Dr. Baeck in strictest oon- ReUgion of Polarity"; "The later Teachings out of the unity of mystery and command­ Qig^^e that Auschwitz, the so-caUed "resettle- of Leo Baeck". An epilogue on the question ment, he is delineating the reUgious type bein *^^™P" ^ which Terezin inmates were "CJan there be theology today?", a detaUed discovered within the Jewish experience and jjjjS sent, was an extermination camp whose bibUography and an Index conclude the in rigid self-examination". Dr. Friedlander JJ^tes were gassed (ramours to this effect volume. can at times be quite critical of Leo Baeck tinif *^""'^^3ting anyway). Boehm's report con- Dr. Friedlander places Baeck's polemic and, very rightly, objects to aU efforte to 5jj.^^6s that Leo Baeck, after a hard inner against Hamack in "The Essence of Judaism" elevate him into a saint. tgjj SSie, came to the grave decision not to firmly in the climate of opinion at the tum PfQ. .^ybody. Dr. Friedlander discussed the of this century. Translating the chief passages, He is weU aware that "a full-scale bio­ ^pi.em with Tillich who criticised Baeck's for the first time, he discusses in detail the graphy is stUl vitaUy needed" and regrete, full ?• "He should have spoken out. The three importanit lectures Baeck gave (1922-24) for instance, his inabUity to do full justice to avaij^S^tential tmth should always be made at Count Keyserling's "School of Wisdom" all the varied aspects of Baeck's work at the alwa ' i"^ ^s the incurable patient should Reichsvertretung. Yet long before the Nazi at Darmstadt, "Mystery and Commandment", era, Baeck the communal leader combined, open ^^ '°^^ ^^^ *"^ ^^^^- "" '^ ^ "^^^ "Perfection and Tension" (a confrontation Patip .^"^stion, however, whether incurable of the Greek and the Biblical spirit) and as Friedlander so weU describes, not a few thost 1 *o"ld always be told the tmth—only of the highest offices within German Jewry: "Death and Rebirth", as weU as a later lecture, as head of the Association of (Jerman Rabbis, j^ should who want it and can take it. "Individuum ineffable", at the Eranos meet­ comprising traditional and progressive minis­ accent ^^a°*^er ^^™® ^ ^^^e more or less ing in southem Switzerland and, of course, ters, as Grand President of the Order of B'nai ^ow? Tillich's critical position. Leo Baeck, Baeck's last work, begun at the concentra­ B'rith, a member of the executive committee tlos^I?^' could be certain that such a dis- tion camp "This People Israel: The Meaning of the Centralverein, president of the K&ren theijrf Would have deprived thousands of of Jewish Existence". Hayesod and one of the leaders of the Jewish Peojj] ^ glimpse of hope—so many of the On "Mystery and Commandment", tiie centre ^^^ of the camp, as he put it, "went out of Leo Baeck's theological conception, Dr. Continued on page 6, column 1 Page 6 AJR INFORMATION July, 1973 Helga Wolff emotional approach. The mothers, not unlike some of our Continental mothers, have a kind of "smothering" love and hold on to the IMMIGRANTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR child which makes it ten times harder for him to appreciate the calm, kind and under­ Integration or Segregation ? standing atmosphere of the school. To reach the parents is no mean feat, because they We came to this country as chUdren, that Jews—from Germany, Austria, the Sudeten­ feel, according to their Ughts, that we are is my generation, now middle-aged. My land and Spain—^were told to leave and, not sympathetic enough. , parents had sent me to France in 1938, my as many of our own refugees could not speak GraduaUy, the chUd begins to understand new home, so I thought, but at the end of French, the official asked me to help him in the pattern of school life, he enjoys it and the Spanish CivU War a flood of refugees passing on the sad news: we were unwanted participates. Of course, our teaching has to crossed the Pyrenees and the French Govern­ and had to find another haven which, of be re^Hientated completely. I remember ment reviewed all our cases. It was then dis­ course, proved to be a very lucky thing in "doing" the Vikings with my multi-national covered that the visa on my Kinderausweis the light of subsequent events. and multi-racial crew. We very craftUy con­ only permitted me to stay for two weeks. I There were many children like myself structed a Viking longship, dressed up ?s had actually been in France over 10 months without family. The Jewish organisation in warriors and saUed across our hall to raid by then. Paris bundled 30 of us together and sent us the Saxon monasteries. I carefully fiUed m The Prefecture de Police subsequently ex­ post haste vrith a children's transport to Eng­ all the background information. It stuck. AS tended my stay for two weeks at a time on land. It was pathetic. There were Uttle ones luck would have it, the FTV kindly reinforced two or three occasions, but finally I saw the vvho were in what I can only describe a ling­ the impact by accidentally showing a sen^^ writing on the waU. They meant to deport uistic muddle, because during their short on the same theme. But, of course, my little me back to Germany. The misery on the career on this earth they had been pushed Viking warriors came home to their manunas stairs and in the long corridors of the right through Central Europe and, via and papas—^what on earth should to® Prefecture was heart-breaking. All of us France, were now on the way to London. conflict between the Vikings and the Saxons Committee ladies received us vvith benign 1,000 years ago mean to a hard-working smiles. I was separated from my feUow ar­ Hindu, Muslim, Greek or Turkish Cypriot? As Leo Baeck Biography rivals and brought to a hostel in Maida Vale. an antidote many send their children to their At first I was the blue-eyed girl because I own schools week-ends, when these Continued from page 5 excelled in French. Yet the spell was soon youngsters, already burdened with additional Agency for Palestine, chairman of the Central broken as I rebelled against the monotony of difficulties, should enjoy just being chUdren. Jewish Welfare Boaird (associated with the the hostel routine and against the committee League of national charitable organisations ladies who could not understand that some of As they get older problems increase and withm Germany), supporting the Reichsbund us were anxious to receive further education with it a special aspect of the generation gap jiidischer Frontsoldaten, etc. Friedlander and eventually enter a profession. So I got emerges. How are these young persons ex­ rightly states that these offices came to Leo myself a job—during the so-caUed phoney pected to become part of the working or Baeck unbidden—the most assiduous climber war period—.'md, to the horror of everyone, I student population of this country, if they would have been unable to achieve and hold removed myself from the hostel. I just are hamstrung by the tradition of their them all. earned enough, 25 shiUings. It kept body and fathers? I feel sorry for both—the old and soul together and I felt free. the young. The old because they wiU never One may wonder how one man was able really accept or fully understand and tn to combine all this work with his conscientious Now I lost complete contact with the young because their uneven path t attention to his ministerial duties, with teach­ refugee circle and I began to adjust myself adulthood is paved with great soul-searching ing at the Hochschule fiir die Wissenschaft to the environment: the humble abode where and unhappiness. Which world } des Judentums, with extensive writing, yet I rented the first bed-sitter with very kind choose—and will they be allowed to i"' (in the German version) Dr. Friedlander solicitous neighbours, the rough and ready tegrate? merely expresses surprise at Baeck as but thoroughly decent women at work, and in "organisation man" ("Organisationsmensch"). the evening, the charming and helpful staff For me there was no real choice—I *^ The fact is that Baeck may well have of an L.C.C. institute where I took classes. thrown into the deep end and learned t been one of the most gifted administra­ Because I had no family or refugee "set up", swim with the tide. Yet I got the best .oi tors among German Jews since Joselmann of I naturaUy found it easy to absorb the Eng­ both worlds by marrying into our set with n Rosheim (with whom the dedication of Selma lish way of life. As fate indeed smiled on own culturiil and intellectual heritage. Stern's book to Leo Baeck, Judaeorum Defen- me, I finally ended up, in a very minor sori Nobilissimo, links up his name). This capacity, on Miss Eleanor^ Rathbone's Par­ BRITISH POLICY ON JEWISH QUESTIONS is an aspect of him which in a full-size bio­ liamentary staff and there, of course, the in­ Under the auspices of the Institute /* graphy wiU certainly find ite rightful place. tellectual and cultural gates were thrown Jewish Affairs, London, a history of Britis An example of Baeck's refusal to separate wide open for me. I remember walking with policy on Jewish questions throughout tP the committee room from the pulpit was Miss Rathbone in her lovely garden in High- Second World War is to be written by Dr. A.­ his order to the publisher of the Buber-Rosen­ gate, listening spellbound to her reminis­ Sherman, research fellow of St. Antony zweig translation of the Bible, on behalf of cences, her early days in the House when College, Oxford. p the Association of Prussian Jewish Congrega­ she knew Josepli Chamberlain and Asquith. Based on official papers only recently op tions, of one copy for each and every Jewish It was a great privilege to have met Miss to the public, the study is likely to shed ne famUy, which he carried out against deter­ Rathbone, and I am deeply indebted to her light on such subjects as British war-tim mined resistance. When it vras pointed out for sending me to coUege. policy on Palestine, the extent to ^'^}±.g to him that most of the recipiente would That is a long time ago. Now, as a teacher Government departments were aware of \gj not read the difficult translation, he repUed: I have become closely involved with the pro­ Nazi extermination programme, and ^* -gj "They do not have to read it, they only have blem of helping to adjust the new wave of attitudes towards rescue attempts in occupi to buy it", adding that if not they then their immigrants in our midst. In our little world Europe. children or grandchildren would read it. in school we number Pakistanis, Africans, A related task of a fuU-sized biography Indians, Italians, Spanish chUdren, Por­ LINGUISTS MEDAL ^j. would be to fiU in the wider range of personal tuguese families, Cypriots—Greek and Turk­ One of tbis year's ten recipients of the Ins relationships of Leo Baeck. ish. All of them are trying to make a new tute of Linguists medals for outstanding home for themselves, just as we did 35 years services in the world of languages is Protess "He has left us no systematic theology but David Diringer. .^gf. a way of Ufe", concludes Dr. Friedlander. ago. However, we came either by ourselves, Reader in scientific epigraphy (the m"- .^ He has fuUy achieved his aim to give us ttie or just the very closest famUy circle. They pretation and classification of inscriptions! inteUectual biography of his teacher, and his are here in vast groups: parente, grand­ Cambridge University ^nd at th^ Alpna bet book is a pioneering work, indispensable to parents, aunts, uncles, cousins. They live to- Museum in Tel Aviv, Professor Diringer whoever wante to see for himself who Leo together in tightly-knit communities — one ceived the award for "original work on gg Baeck really was. almost has the impression they are fright­ history of the alphabet throughout the as ened to let in the EngUsh air, lest they and in all lands". should lose their identity. Yet the children BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE come to us, trying to leam the new language BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLlTPfffg SI BaMM Soaar*. LoMlao. N.W.3 from 9 a.m.-3.30 p.m., and then they revert to Finest selection reconditioned PIANO& SYNAGOGUE SERVrCES their mother tongue for the rest of the day, Always interested in purchasing are held regularly on the Eve of Sabbath week-ends and holidays. At first they stick to­ well-preserved instruments. and Festivals at 6.30 p.m. and on the day gether in little groups because they feel com­ JAQUES SAMUEL PfANOS LTD- at 11 a.m. pletely lost, not only because of their lang­ 142 Edgwsre Road, W^ ALL ARE CORDIALLY INVITED uage difficulty but because of the different Tel.: 723 8818/9. _- AJR INFORMATION July, 1973 Page 7 ida Hers PROF. WALTER SIMON 80 The Sinologist, Professor Walter Simon, C.B.E., F.B.A., recently celebrated his SOth KATJA MANN~ON HER NINETIETH BIRTHDAY birthday. Bom in Berlin, he was after com­ pletion of his studies appointed Lecturer and, at the early age of 27, Professor Extra­ July 24th, 1973 ordinary of Chinese at BerUn University. He came to this country in 1935, where he became "Age cannot wither her"—Shakespeare's me that ever since her young days — since she Lecturer and later Reader of Chinese at the Words are once again endorsed. made her grandmother, the famous writer and School of Oriental and African Studies of The mysteries of old age and longevity in­ suffragette, Hedwig Dohm, a great-grand­ London University and eventually Head of mother—it was a supreme wish of hers to the Chinese Department. On the occasion spire admiration. But why? Respect — fair of his retirement in 1961 he was awarded the enough. But admiration? Is it considered an enjoy one day the happiness of being a great- C.B.E. achievement "by merit all man's own"? Reli­ grandmother herself. Professor Simon has more than 100 publi­ gious piety sees in it the grace of God. Our "Alle Schmerzen, die unendlichen, ganz!" cations to his credit, among them many stan­ ''lore rational time tries to give it more With the loyalty, the perseverance, the cour­ dard works which have become the basis of rational reasons. age which are her own, she accepts the sweet modem teaching of Chinese, Manchu and ^ In "Lotte in Weimar" Thomas Mann says: and the bitter gifts of life. And the bitter Tibetan. Though officiaUy retired, he is stiU All Heroismus Uegt in der Ausdauer, im gifts were, indeed, no less in their bitterness active, and his duties include the chairman­ than the sweet ones in their sweetness. ship of the Editorial Board of " Asia Minor ", Willen zu leben und nicht zu sterben." From the British Journal of Far Eastem Studies. this aspect longevity acquires moral values It is not my wish on this great and festive On this special birthday we wish him many analogous to loyalty, faithfulness and perse­ day to dwell on memories of unmitigated more years of health and happiness. verance. And Goethe, it seems, was of the grief. However, it would be unthinkable not A.C.H.K. ^^^ opinion for he said to Friedrich Soret: to recaU the bitter loss Katja Mann has suf­ Wie dumm die Menschen sind, dass sie nicht fered quite recently. All her friends hoped POSTHUMOUS AWARD FOR oen Mut haben langer zu leben!" So longevity that she might celebrate this day together COURAGEOUS WOMAN rests not only on loyalty and faithfulness to with her twin brother, the great conductor, The Israeli "Medal for the Righteous" was ttie gift of life. It also implies courage. Klaus Pringsheim. She kept the grief to her­ posthumously awarded to Marie-Luise Hensel, self, from her nearest friends, and even from who lost her life under tragic circumstances. Loyalty, faithfulness, perseverance, courage The medal was handed over by the Israeli •^these mighty human qualities are the main her famUy. But those who know and love her, they understood. And when she wrote to me Ambassador in Bonn, Eliashiv Ben-Horin, to Pillars of Katja Mann's character. On them the sons of Mrs. Hensel, Gesandter i.R. Kurt reste like an architrave, strong, pure and shortly after his death: "[...] und so gonne Hensel and Martin Hensel. oeautiful, her exceptional capacity for love. ich ihm die Ruhe, wenn es auch traurig ist, Marie-Luise Hensel, nee Flothmann, was the J^^r celebrated and devoted husband said of dass wir alten Zwillinge nun nicht nachsten widow of Dr. Albert Hensel, Professor of Law |)^f in his moving speech on her 70th birthday: Sommer den neunzigsten Geburtstag gemein­ at Marburg University, who had died in Sie war Mutter so ganz wie sie Gattin war, sam feiem", my heart went out to her with autumn 1933. In August 1942, Mrs Hensel, in compassion. As it does today, though fiUed too co-operation with a friend who lived at lud um nichte iiberwog eine Liebessorge die Lake Constance, tried to get a Jewish lawyer *iuere". And her "Liebessorge" radiates to with good wishes for her and those whom she loves. May she be spared all further grief. of Marburg and his wife and daughter illegally l^r friends also, who return it with devotion across the German-Swiss frontier in order to *"

Eric Gottgetreu campaign, the final success of which infuri­ ated Hitler and induced him to forbid all Germans to accept it ever again. The ban remained in force till April, 1945, when the WHLY BRANDT WAS ONE OF THE FIRST thousand years were over. In Febmary, 1937, Willy Brandt went to Chancellor Brandt's recent visit to Israel gives special topicality to the follovnng Spain to report on the then eight-month-old article, whose author already knew Willy Brandt at the time when, as a young Socialist civil war from the RepubUcan side for a num­ in Luebeck, he started to embark on his actimties as a newsman.—^The Ed. ber of Scandinavian papers. As he could not Willy Brandt was among the first journalists, Verlag, Muenchen 1960) where he writes: refrain from strong criticism of the Communist if not the first, who revealed to the world "The Christian ethics appealed to me. In my retaliation against their opponente among the the existence of Hitler's death camps in opinion, a true socialist was not a worse but Republicans, he was soon denounced by them Poland while the crematoria in Auschwitz a better Christian. It seemed to me that a as a " Franco agent" and a " Gestapo spy • were stiU under constmction. It took some life of tolerance, justice and love of man But in Spain, too, Brandt only reported the time before he was believed. should be more important to God than any trath as he saw it. The story of when and how he conveyed lip service and ceremonial ritual." During the Second Worid War he relent­ these Job's tidings was disclosed August last Brandt mentions in his memoirs that in lessly continued his journalistic war against year in "The New York Times" by H. R. his youth he had very little contact with the Hitler regime and for a progressive, demo­ Wishengrad, an American-Jewish journalist in people of Jewish origin and that there were cratic post-war Germany—at first from Oslo, Washington. Wishengrad remembers how in never more than two Jewish pupils in his class later from Stockholm. After the defeat of the mid-1942 ONA (Overseas News Agency), for at school—it was taken for granted that they Swastika regime, Scandinavian papers availed which he was working at the time, received did not attend lessons on Saturday. The young themselves of his expert knowledge of Nazism from Brandt, its correspondent in Stockholm, workers—with whom Frahm always identified by inviting him to report the Nureniberg several news items on the death camps pre­ himself—rejected antisemitism as part of the trials. His subsequent decision to remain in pared by Hitler's henchmen for the Jews. Hitler ideology but they obviously did not Germany and to co-operate in its reconstruc­ Many of ONA's subscribers at first disbelieved realise how deeply rooted it was in certain tion was symbolised by his nomination as this news and refrained from publishing it. sections of the German bourgeoisie (especially editor of the first post-war Social Democratic They only changed their minds when cor­ as Luebeck was one of those "Red Towns" Party organ in Berlin, " Der Sozialdemokrat . roborative evidence came in from other which were never visited by Hitler at the time which was later named "Berliner Stadtblatt sources in Geneva and Lisbon. It will be re­ of the Republic). In "Mein Weg nach Berlin" and finaUy " Berliner Stimme." Another Berlin called that on December 8, 1942, Rabbi Brandt said of his reactions in 1933: "It was paper licensed in the late '40s, the " Telegraf . with almost incredulous astonishment, but was edited by Annedore Leber, Dr. JuUus Stephen Wise led a delegation to the White great bitterness, that we heard the reports of House and handed to President Roosevelt a Leber's widow, in co-operation with the former the persecutions of Jews. Though they could Republican Reichstag President, Paul Loebe, twenty-page document entitled "Blueprint for not be compared with the atrocities of the Extermination". The delegation told the and Arno Scholz. , following years, they were horrifying in their Early in the '50s, WiUy Brandt's political President that by then two mUUon Jews had ignominy and senseless brutality. There was a been kiUed in Hitlerised Europe in various fight for the freedom and the rights of Berlin certain logic when active anti-Nazis fell as —he became Berlin S.P.D. representative in ways and that according to the information victims of their resistance. But there were received from an anti-Nazi German industrial­ the Bundestag and in 1957 Governing Mayor people who generaUy had not even partici­ of the city—obliged him to leave journalism ist by the Jewish World Congress represen­ pated in the political struggle and were only tative in Geneva mass murder by asphyxiation for good. But even when he was chosen to hunted and tortured because they were born hold the top positions in the S.P.D. and ^^^^? was now being prepared. as Jews." Brandt's career as a newsman started in his in the Government, he never gave up ni close connections with the press home town, Luebeck, while he was still a pupil After Brandt had left Luebeck in 1933, the at the "Johanneum" Secondary School and a there was not one piece of journalistic work In 1951 he was among the first to join leader with the "Rote Falken", a Socialist written by him which was not devoted to the " Peace with Israel" movement initiated by youth organisation. He frequently wrote for fight against what Hitler stood for. The first Rudolf Kuestermeier (then editor-in-chief ° the local Social Democratic daily, the man he got in touch with after his arrival " Die Welt ") and by Erich Lueth (then Direc­ "Luebecker Volksbote", edited by Dr. JuUus in Oslo in 1933 was Finn Moe, the experienced tor of the Hamburg Press Office). It may also Leber, a leading Socialist Reichstag Deputy. Foreign News editor at the "Arbeiderbladet", be significant that when two years ago n As one of the Volksbote's three sub-editors in the central organ of the Norwegian Labour had to pick the third German Ambassador to 1929, I stiU remember the then 16-year-old Party. Brandt's first-hand information on the Israel, he chose a former journalist: J??*^j. blond Herbert Frahm (he adopted the name last days of Republican resistance in Germany von Puttkamer, a member of the anti-Huie Willy Brandt as a pen-name during his and his evaluation of current evente were opposition, subsequently one of the top editor emigration) storming into the office with his very important to the paper. His first articles of the Munich "Neue Zeitung" and of tne manuscripts—usually on Socialist youth ac­ written in Oslo—which he also sent to other " Sueddeutsche Zeitung " and finally editor-in' tivities. workers' papers in Norway—had still to be chief of the re-established Social Democrati'- Dr. Leber, the editor-in-chief in those years, translated, but helped by his considerable " Vorwaerts " in Bonn. ., was Herbert's mentor and an inspiring fatherly linguistic talents, he was soon able to write Obviously, Chancellor Brandt does not sno friend. in Norwegian. At the same time, he continued, scribe to the Bismarckian saying " Journalisi however, writing in German placing articles in are people who have fiunked in their pro He did not Uve to see his pupil's triumph. a number of anti-Nazi papers in other free fession" — a rule to which Bismarck oniJ Leber was arrested early in 1933, kept four countries of Europe. And finally, he gave a admitted exceptions in the case of journalis years in prisons and concentration camps, hand in the writing and production of several who gave him their unconditional allegianc • later released but re-arrested in 1944 because illegal anti-Nazi publications which were of his involvement in the officer's anti-Hitler printed on very thin paper and smuggled into plot and executed on January 5, 1945, in Nazi Germany by various methods. Berlin. DEATH OF FRENCH ZIONIST LEADS^ The second-in-command at the "Volksbote", A sort of indirect joumalistic activity was The distinguished French lawyer and Zion Willy Brandt's participation in the campaign ist leader, Maitre Andre Blumel, has died ' ^ Dr. Fritz Solmitz, also had a considerable Paris at the age of 80. The pro-Commnni» influence on young Herbert Frahm. Solmitz for the Nobel Peace Prize award for Carl von Maitre Blumel, who was born in Paris, can was an intellectual of Jewish origin who had Ossietzky in 1936. He was able to collect the under the influence of the great F'^^^JaS joined the Socialist movement in the hope signatures of 69 members of the Norwegian Jewish statesman, Leon Blum, and he ^ that it would combine modem thoughts with Storting and of 59 of the Swedish Riksdag in appointed principal private secretary m R'j, the best of the Jewish and Christian ethical support of the " Peace Prize for Ossietzky" war Popular Front governments of wni tradition. Accordingly, he gave his moral and Blum was Premier. , ^g practical support to the group of "Religious He was secretary-general and, from 19^„ra- SociaUsts" within the German Social Demo­ iNTERNfERUNGSLAGB) 1960, president of the French Zionist Feder« tion, and was also president of the Fran cratic Party in the hope of modifying its Ich kaufe saubere Karten und UmschlSge Soviet Friendship Association. His frie^'-s-t sometimes abstract and dogmatic Marxist mil klaren Stompein aus Intemierungs- advances to Russia and other Coraraan approach. lagern; z.B. aus Jamaica, Rhodesien, States caused him to be in constant oppose* Solmitz was murdered by his Nazi gaolers Mauritius usw., von 1914-19 und 1939-45. with the Zionist movement in general.. ^-.i^ in September, 1933. His influence on young In 1965 he was elected to the Pans ^i n Herbert Frahm is clearly reflected in Willy Angebote mit Vorlage erbeten an : Council as a member of the Democratic Lini Brandt's memoirs "Mein Weg nach BerUn" PMcr C. RicfcMbKk. (Socialist-Communist Popular Front). T>esv^ 14 ROMlvn HIII. London. NWS If*. his political sympathies, however, he^^^^ (in co-operation with Leo Lania; Kindler always dedicated to his life-long Zionist loe" AJR INFORMATION July, 1973 Page 9

SYRIA AND IRAQ NEWS ABOUT ISRAEL Persecution Continues In New York an escaped Iraqi Jew said that AFRICAN DENOUNCEMENT SOVIET EMIGRES he had spent more than two years in Baghdad The Organisation of African Unity at its During the first four months of this year, gaols and had been frequently tortured. Three summit conference in Addis Ababa passed a more than 10,000 Jewish immigrants arrived escaped Damascus Jews who also appeared at strongly worded anti-Israel resolution. Warn­ from the Soviet Union. A big increase is also the press conference, substantiated reporte of ing Israel that her attitude might lead O.A.U. expected in the number of immigrants from murder and repression of Syrian Jewry. The jnember States to take individual or coUec- Latin America this year. community of about 3,000 living in Damascus Jive political and economic measures against among 30,000 Palestinians were constant tar­ Jier, the resolution claimed that the security, gets of rape, assault and abuse. 'erntorial integrity and unity of the African PARENTS' HOME EXTENDED continent was threatened by Israel's " con­ tinued aggression ". The resolution caUed for The Austrian Parents' Home (Anitta World Action ^sraePs unconditional withdrawal from all Mueller-Cohen Heim) in Ramat Chen was extended by a new wing, which is to bear the Addressing the World Zionist Organisation occupied " African and Arab territories ". in Israel, Mr. Arye L. Pincus, the Jewish „ tJr. Kurt Waldheim, the United Nations name of the late Zvi Kraemer, Deputy General Secretary of the Irgun Oley Merkaz Europa, Agency chairman, said that Jews in Syria, like ^ecretary-General, who addressed African Jews in Iraq, are disappearing in mysterious oeads of State meeting in Addis Ababa to who died last November. At the consecration ceremony, which took place in the presence circumstances and there are increasing fears rf7.''rate the tenth anniversary of the O.A.U., for their safety. The homes of Syrian Jews t^ating that the Middle East situation was of the Austrian Ambassador to Israel, Dr. Johanna Nestor, addresses were delivered by had been daubed with red paint to differenti­ eV 1 ^ explosive caUed for a new effort to ate them from their neighbours and they were evolve a peaceful settlement in the region. Dr. Josef Lamm, Dr. Hans Tramer and Dr. Georg Weis. On behalf of the American and living like the Jews of Germany under Hitler. Burundi severed relations with Israel on the British sections of the Council of Jews from The W.Z.O. executive is considering ways of ^ound of opposing the occupation of Arab Austria messages were sent by Dr. Gustav alerting Jewish communities throughout the ^mtory and supporting Egypt's position. The Jellinek and Dr. Charles Kapralik. The ex­ world to the plight of Jews in Syria and Iraq. mer African States who have severed rela­ tended Home provides accommodation for 65 Dr. Alexander Safran, the Chief Rabbi of tions with Israel in the past 15 months are residents in 41 single rooms and 12 double Geneva, has appealed to the International ^ganda, Niger, MaU, Chad and Congo (Brazza- rooms. Committee of the Red Cross to intercede with the Baghdad authorities to stop the murder, imprisonment and torture of Iraqi Jews. TOURISM SPIES SENTENCED The American Jewish Committee at its o J^urism was down by 15 per cent in the annual meeting in New York charged that th c ^^0 months of this year, compared with Haifa district court has gaoled eight more " the Iraqis now appear to have begun the ne figure last year. An upsurge in April members, including two Jews, of a group of systematic kUling of selected Jews without uring Passover and Easter and the beginning 36 people charged with being members of a even the pretence of a trial". .1 Independence Day celebrations, gave tour- Syrian spy and sabotage ring uncovered in In Israel a traveller just retumed from ">ni.a considerable uplift. Israel last December. The eight received prison Iraq at a press conference gave the names iL disclosing these figures Mr. Hanoch Givton, terms of between three and ten years. of 19 Baghdad Jews who have recently dis­ sa ri director-general of the Tourist Ministry, A total of 23 men belonging to the Syrian appeared and are beUeved to have been de­ u^io that the poUtical and security situation spy ring have now been sentenced, and ver­ tained by the Iraqi security poUce. The travel­ Dh u^ ^'^ effect on tourist figures. But des- dicts are expected soon in the trial of the ler said that there were now about 350 Jews 1Q79 ^°'^ massacre and Munich, tourism in remaining twelve men, including a further two in Baghdad and 35 in the port city of Basra. W7i showed an 11 per cent increase over Jews. In March two other Jews were also Many Iraqis were weU disposed towards their jT'l, and he looked forward to a 10 per cent sentenced on the same charges, receiving Jewish neighbours but, he said, they were "icrease in the summer season. lengthy prison terms. afraid to show this openly through fear.

ADVERTISEMENT RATES AJR MEALS-ON-WHEELS EDITORIAL COLUMNS SERVICE (} width ol page) DO YOU ? £2 per Inch, aingltt column. Have a car? ADVERTISEMENT COLUMNS Some time to spare in the (} width ot page) C1.50 per Inch, single column. morning on either A discount ot 20% is granted for Mondays-Wednesdays- orders of six or more insertions. Fridays ? Orders should be received by the WOULD YOU ? The 10th of the preceding month. Join our team of voluntary "AJR Information," drivers who deliver meals- 8 Fairlax Mansions, London. N.W.3 on-wheels to the elderly I^erforming 'Phone: 01-824 9006/7 of our community ? Miracles It is an easy and rewarding job! For information please contact: Mrs. S. P&nke by Silhouette AJR CHARITABLE TRUST AJR Offices, 624 9096/7 These are the ways in which you can help. LUGGAGE HAMDSAOS. UMMttlLAS AND ALL LEATHCR OOOOS CONTRIBUTIONS TRAVEL GOODS N. FUCMS UNDER M7 Wwl tmt LaM. M.»*.S COVENANT "Phone 435 2802 GIFTS IN YOUR LIFETIME CHANGE OF ADDRESS In order to ensure that you receh/e A BEQUEST your copy of "AJR Information" regularly, please Inform us Imme­ IN YOUR WILL diately of any change of address. Page 10 AJR INFORMATION July, 1973

MR. ERIC ELLIS IN MEMORIAM Mr. Eric Ellis passed away on May 17 at the age of 72 after a long period of ill-health bravely borne. In spite of his suffering h^ CURT L. LANG DR. PAUL EINZIG carried on his work until the day he was It is learned with regret that Mr. Curt Dr. Paul Einzig, the well-known writer on admitted to hospital. Lang died in Paris at the age of 65. He was economics and before his retirement in 1956 Eric Ellis was born in Calcutta as the scion bom in Berlin where, after the completion of political correspondent on the " Financial of the small circle of completely anglicised his university studies, he was a "Referendar", Times ", recently died at the age of 75. He Baghdad! Jewish, mostly wealthy, families who when the Nazis came to power. He emigrated was born in Brasiv, Transylvania, and came to had integrated into the European British to France and worked as a joumalist specialis­ England in 1919. In the 1930s, he made him­ society and who had very little social contact ing on economic and poUtical subjects. After self the dedicated enemy of Nazi Germany the occupation, he fled to the Hautes Pyrenees. through his works on German finance and with their Indian compatriots. For many year* When France was liberaited he first obtained politics. He was on the Gestapo black list of he was the director of the huge firm of the an assignment with the "Oomit6 de Co­ those to be executed if Britain had been in­ most prominent member of that group, the operation Intellectuelle" to purge school vaded by Germany. In May, 1971, he organised late Sir Victor Sassoon. When the Nazis came books of their racist connotaitions. Later he a gathering at London's Reform Club of per­ to power he was among the first to help Jews became French delegate to ORT Intemational. sons still Uving, who were also on the list. from Germany to find refuge in India, and Curt Lang was one of the founder members The gathering included Lord Janner, Lord became the most active committee member of "SoUdarite des Refugi6s IsraeUtes", the Shinwell and C. P. (Lord) Snow, who pro­ of the Calcutta branch of the " Judischer HUis- organisation of the Jews from Germany in posed the toast of " The Jews". verein", later Jewish Relief Association. I^ France. The establishment of Homes for his feUow refugees under the auspices of PROFESSOR ERWIN STENGEL this capacity, he assisted many members oj "SoUdarite" is, to a high extent, due to his our community to obtain visas for India ano efforts. During the last years of his life, he Dr. Erwin Stengel, Professor emeritus of to estabUsh themselves, quite a number ot devoted his time and experience to research Psychology at Sheffield University, died re­ them in senior positions with E. D. Sassoon- on the History of the Immigration of the Nazi cently at the age of 71. He was born in Vienna He frequently went to Delhi to negotiate wiin victims. His work for "Solidaritd" brought him where he was a lecturer of psychology and the authorities. At the beginning of the war. into close contact with the AJR and other neurology and also closely co-operated with Sigmund Freud. In 1938 he emigrated to he succeeded in obtaining their speedy release member organisations of the CouncU of Jews from intemment. After having been trans­ from Germany, and his modest, helpful and this country. Professor Stengel was president knowledgeable personaUty will be gratefully of the International Association for Suicide ferred to Bombay, Mr. Ellis continued ni» remembered by all who knew him. Prevention, president (1957/58) of the Section work for the about 2,000 refugees who, DJ of Psychology of the Royal Society of Medicine then, had embarked upon an often difficu' and chairman (1954) of the Medical Section new life in the Indian Sub-Continent. GERHARD F. KRAMER of the British Psychological Society. In 1971 he was awarded an Hon. M.D. of Sheffield When India achieved independence in l9'*^' The jurist Gerhard Kramer, who held lead­ University. the prominent role which Baghdadis hau ing positions in post-war Germany, died in played in commerce and industry gradually Hamburg at the age of 69. Originating from HENRY ORMOND came to an end. Theu- firms were taken ovei the Social Democratic students' movement, he by Indians and the majority of them ero>' resigned as a public prosecutor at the Berlin The Frankfurt lawyer, Henry Ormond, died grated. Mr. Ellis settled in London in 1^.^', Law Court in 1933 and became a lawyer. One recently in his 72nd year. Until 1933 Ormond and, after some years' work with a commercia of his first clients was Sally Epstein, who was (formerly Heinrich Oettinger), who was born firm, was engaged by the Central British Funo indicted in connection with the death of Horst in Cassel, warj a judge in Mannheim. He emi­ to keep the accounts of the Homes. He ais Wessel and whom he courageously defended. grated to this country and after the war first became the accountant of the AJR CharitaOi^ After the war Kramer first became pubUc served with the British Control Commission in Trust. In this capacity he also helped many o prosecutor in Hamburg and, in this capacity, Germany. He later established himself as a our members and proteges, free of charge- was in charge of the proceedings against Veit lawyer in Frankfurt and in this capacity was with their tax matters. Harlan. From 1958 to 1966 he was represen­ helpful to many former persecutees in the Eric Ellis was the kindest of men, a some­ tative of the city of Hamburg in Bonn. Later, settlement of their claims. He became parti­ what " Edwardian gentleman ", who was mo*, as Senator of Culture, he took an active part cularly well known by his litigation against popular with the staff and the residents o in the organisation of functions such as the the I. G. Farben Combine, where he succeeded the Homes and with his colleagues in tne bicentenary celebration of Salomon Heine, in obtaining compensation for the former office at Fairfax Mansions. His death leaves ^ the centenary of Aby M. Warburg, and the concentration camp prisoners who had been void in the little team which administers ou opening of the exhibition of works by the forced labourers of that firm. He was also Association. Our sympathy goes out to m painter Charlotte Salomon, who perished in active in Jewish affairs, especially for the widow. . T Auschwitz. Keren Hayesod and the Israel Bonds drives.

FAMILY EVENTS Heyman.—Mr. Herman Heyman Schiller.—Mrs. Elise SchiUer, of Situations Wanted Entries in the column Family (formerly Elbing), of 65 Eton 318 Harrogate Road, Leeds 17, ALTERATIONS OF DRESSB^ Avenue, London, N.W.S, passed widow of Dr. Moritz Schiller, etc., undertaken by ladies on oj" Events are free of charge. Texts away peacefully on June 6, aged passed away suddenly on May 6. shoiild be sent in by the 15th of register. Phone: AJR Employment 86. Deeply mourned by his wife, Sadly missed by her family and Agency, 01-624 4449. the month. Frieda (nee Isakowitz), son, friends. Bernhard, daughter-in-law, three Miscellaneous Birthday grandsons, brother, nieces and Slade.—Mr. Arthur Slade, of 40 The AJR Club conveys its warmest nephews (London, Buenos Aires Tudor Close, Belsize Avenue, Lon­ EXCLUSIVE FUR REPAlR| wishes to Mrs. H. Callmann who and Stockholm) and numerous don, N.W.3, passed away on May AND RESTYLING. All kind^„cs celebrated her SOth birthday on friends. 22. Deeply mourned by his wife fur work undertaken by fi''^'' org' June 18th. Koesterich.—Mrs. Minna Koester- and many friends everywhere. renovator and stylist, many y^^L. ich passed away peacefully in her experience and best reference • Deaths 89th year at the Heinrich Stahl Phone 01-452 5867, after 5 V-^' Blank.—Mrs. Luise Blank (nee CLASSIFIED for appointment. Mrs. F. Pmm' House, The Bishop's Avenue, 44 Ellesmere Road, DoUis »'*'' Lowenberg) passed away peace­ London, N.2, on Thursday, May 31. The charge in these columns is fully on May 23. Sadly missed by Deeply mourned by her daughters, London, N.W.IO. her daughters, sons-in-law, grand­ sons-in-law, grandchildren, great­ 15p for five words children, great-grandchildren, rela­ grandchildren, relatives and Personal ^ tives and friends. friends. Situations Vacant MIDDLE-AGED MODERN WID*^ g. Deutsch.—Mrs. Stefanie Deutsch MicheL—Mrs. Margarete Michel seeks the friendship of a Sem.- passed away peacefully on June (n6e Zeimann) widow of Heinrich Women man in his 60s for companionsi' f 11, aged 92. Beloved mother of Michel, died on June 15, aged 94, or eventual marriage. Box 349- Alice Stewart, London, Hedy Koch, at her home, 7 Brondesbury Court, THE AJR EMPLOYMENT AGENCY needs part-time Home- WIENERIN, in Paris lebend, sebj New York, son, Georg Deutsch, WUlesden Lane, London, N.W.2. gut aussehend, 50 Jahre, su"-, Los Angeles. Moumed by her Beloved mother of Anne and dear helps (shopping/cooking), com­ daughters, son, son-in-law and panions and attendants for the Ehepartner, franzosich o o sister of Rosa Baer (Argentine); deutsch sprechend. Box 350. grandchildren. sadly missed by relatives and elderly who require personal assis­ friends. tance. Please telephone: 01-624 Goldsmith.—Miss Margaret Gold­ 4449 for an appointment. MISSING PERSONS smith, of Morris Feinmann House, Ollendorff.—Dr. Robert OUendorff AJR Enquiries Spath Road, Didsbury, Manchester, died suddenly on June 2, whilst in PART-TIME SECRETARY. Per­ (o^e passed away on June 7 in a nurs­ the U.S.A. Much loved husband of fect German, knowledge of restitu­ Meyer.—Mrs. Hanna Meyer --5; ing home. Deeply mourned by her Kirstie, son of Mrs. Grete Ollen­ tion matters an advantage. Re­ Humberg). Last known adare relatives and friends. dorff and brother of Ilse Reich. quired from August. Box 351. Glen Gower, St. Asaph, N. Wai^ AJR INFORMATION July, 1973 Page 11 symbol of the greatness and strength of Judaism in aU the world. With his unshakable LEO BAECK CENTENARY CELEBRATIONS faith in the future, he was one of the first to reach out his hand for reconciliation be­ Jointly with the Leo Baeck Lodge and the stress on the spiritual postulates, considering tween the Jews and the German people." Society for Jewish Study, the AJR held a Leo the "mitzvot" as subsidiary. Another facet of The Home Secretary, The Rt. Hon. Robert ^aeck Centenary Celebration on May 30 at Baeck's teaching was his interpretation of Carr, in a message wrote that it was fitting HiUel House. The atmosphere of the function Judaism as a religion of optimism. This, Dr. publicly to commemorate Leo Baeck in the Was determined by the fact that three of the Goldman said, may have been easy in 1905, country of which he became a citizen, and the four speakers as weU as many members of when Baeck wrote his "Essence of Judaism" Chief Rabbi recaUed the long-standing friend­ the audience had known Dr. Baeck personaUy and when everybody believed in progress. Yet ship of his late father, Dayan Jakobovits, with *nd cherished happy memories of his imique the remarkable thing was that Dr. Baeck stuck Leo Baeck in Berlin, "based on admiration for Personality. Rightly, the speakers warned of to this belief in his work "This People", pub­ Leo Batsck's outstanding qualities of heart and the misconception of Leo Baeck as a "saint." lished 50 years later after the experience of mind". "'stead, in a relaxed way, they described him the holocaust. True to the admonition to his as an outstanding constructive Jewish thinker, people in this book, "Leo Baeck never lost FEDERAL MINISTER SPEAKS 3 teacher, a rabbi and a courageous spokesman himself". Dr. Goldman concluded. IN BERLIN of German Jewry. The final speaker. Rabbi Hugo Gryn, a sur­ The Leo Baeck Centenary Celebration in the . Dr. Eva G. Reichmann recalled the indelible vivor of Auschwitz, had met Dr. Baeck flrst during his transitory stay in Theresienstadt. Berlin Jewish Communal Centre, held under "npression Leo Baeck had made on her in the auspices of the Berlin Jewish Community, her chUdhood days, when he was rabbi in her Yet he got to know him closely when, after the war, he became a pupfl of his. His recollec­ the Zentralrat and the ZentralwohlfahrtssteUe home commimity of Oppeln. It was during his of the Jews in Germany, was linked with the tenure of office in that town that, at the age tions included anecdotes, some of them re­ 9^ 32, Baeck wrote his "Essence of Judaism" counted in a humorous way, which showed posthumous award of the Leo Baeck Prize to ^y which he emerged an an outstanding thin­ Baeck as a great teacher who gave guidance the late Dr. Hendrick van Dam. The main ner among the rising new generation of rabbis, without mincing his words when he spotted speaker. Federal Minister of the Interior, Herr "is independent mind also became evident shortcomings in his pupils' work. He had a Hans-Dietrich Genscher, referred to the con­ When, without being a Zionist, he was one of most realistic approach to life and it would tributions made by Jews to Germany during the two rabbis who, in 1897, refused to sign not be in keeping with his personality if he the first third of this century. " The extent of *he protest resolution of the AUgemeine Rab- became a myth. At the same time, his works their achievements ", he said, " becomes more wier-Verband against the Zionist movement, are the finest heritage of German Jewry and and more evident in the publications of the fps duties as president of the Reichsvertre- the message of his book "This People," written Leo Baeck Institute to whose work the Federal '^^S were guided by a spirit of defiance in Theresienstadt under the greatest technical Government lends its support." In a detaUed ^Sainst the Nazi regime, reflected in many difficulties, is a legacy of the holocaust such as survey of the basic principles by which the Public utterances, among them a special prayer is Anne Frank's Diary. policy of the Federal German Government is Which was read from the pulpits after the The other celebration in London took place guided, the Minister stated: " Our answer to Promulgation of the humiliating Nuernberg on the actual date of the centenary. May 23, antisemitism is an unequivocal ' No', also jaws. When he came to England after the war under the auspices of Leo Baeck CoUege in if it presents itself in the disguise of anti- "® again let the cause of German Jewry have the Common Room of the Law Society. The Zionism." There should be a natural relation­ ^ generous share in his manifold commit- overall theme was "From Generation to Gen­ ship between non-Jews and their Jewish fellow- Jll'ents and agreed to become President of the eration", and the participants were Rabbi Dr. Werner van der Zyl, President of the Leo citizens, distorted by neither discrimination IjOuncil of Jews from Germany, founded by nor privileged treatment, he concluded. ."e AJR and its corresponding organisations Baeck College; Rabbi Dr. Albert Friedlander, jn Israel and the U.S.A. (It is intended to pub- Rabbinic Director of the CoUege; Rabbi Dr. Tribute to the memory of Leo Baeck was Louis Jacobs, Chairman of the Academic Com­ paid by Dr. E. G. Lowenthal, who described ish the full text of Dr. Reichmann's address mittee of the CoUege; Rabbi Dr. Bernard Bam­ Leo Baeck's work as a thinker, spokesman of I'l the Year Book of the Leo Baeck Institute. berger (U.S.A.), immediate past President of German Jewry and outstanding personality. ^Ed.) the World Union of Progressive Judaism. Sir " To meet Leo Baeck was always a great ex­ Rabbi Jakob J. Kokotek recalled that he had Louis Gluckstein, Q.C., acted as moderator and perience, to be remembered with deep grati­ ^^en inducted by Dr. Baeck when he was in­ the proceedings were summed up by Mr. tude," he said. stalled as rabbi in Dublin and, later, in Liver- Hyman Arbeid. Those present included the Addresses were also deUvered by Heinz Pool. HumUity, he said, was Baeck's most con- German Ambassador, Herr Karl-Guenther von Galinski, Chairman of the Berlin Jewish Com­ Picuous quality, and he shunned public adora- Hase. munity ; Werner Nachmann, Chairman of the ,?1- In controversies he was always able to Messages Zentralrat; and Rabbi N. P. Levinson. Pas­ iscern the essential, and he exerted a unify- sages from Leo Baeck's work " Dieses Volk — '"i influence. In a mes.sage addressed to Leo Baeck's Juedische Existenz " were read by Rabbi M. ^ The next speaker was Rabbi Dr. Solomon granddaughter, Mrs. Marianne Dreyfus (New Lubliner. j^jdnian, who also represented the Chief York), who was unable to attend the function, Most leading German newspapers and ^bbi at tjjg function. Describing himself as the President of the Federal German Republic ^ "odd man out" among the speakers he- Gustav Heinemann, wrote: "I want to use the periodicals published special articles on the ^use he had not known Dr. Baeck personally, occasion of the 100th birthday of your grand­ occasion of the centenary of Leo Baeck's birth. i"- Goldman gave an illuminating exposition father. Dr. Leo Baeck, to assure you that my LEO BAECK STRASSE IN DUESSELDORF g^ T>T Baeck's teaching. Commenting on Dr. fellow citizens and I think of him with rever­ ence and admiration. Leo Baeck was one of The municipality of Duesseldorf has decided aecks "keynote" of "Commandment and to name a street on the previous site of the ^lystiery" , he said that Baeck gave priority to the most significant representatives of Judaism the Fair, which is going to be redeveloped, after tea .S^^fnandment. In consistency with the in Germany. At the time of greatest oppres­ Leo Baeck. Dr. Baeck was rabbi of the eachingc of the prophets he laid, however. sion, his dignity and courage made him a Duesseldorf community from 1907 to 1912.

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Herbert Freeden (Jerusalem) nannten Arier geheiratet, und mit ihm drei Kinder. Diese Fiinf galten als "arisch", Cor­ delia als Jiidin. Um ihretwillen war ihr Eltern­ haus als Judenhaus verfemt, gefahrdet ran ARAB INTELLECTUALS IN ISRAEL dem gelben Stern an der Tiir. Ein schones fiinfzehnjahriges Madchen, das ist ein einziger Among all the discussions about the Arab especially in the villages. Even to rent a room jubelnder Tag, alle sind verliebt, legen Blumen population in the Israel-occupied territories, from a Jewish landlady has become more and vor die Haustur, es gibt geheime Zeichen, Kuss the problems of the Arab Israelis have fallen more difficult for him. imter Briefmarke. Aber fUr Cordelia war alles into oblivion. From a remnant of 150,000 in Mr. Shmuel Toledano, the Government zu Ende. Sie saih, dass sie es war, die jbreT 1948 which did not take flight like the others, adviser on Arab affairs, blames the Middle- Familie die Pest brachte. Sie veriiess das the Arab community in Israel has grown in East conflict as the major barrier to the full the past 25 years to 400,000. Only in 1966, integration: the Israel Arab feels oppressed Haus, sie ging allein in die Grosse Hambur­ 18 years after the establishment of the State, by the continuing crisis. He is affected on the gerstrasse, ins jiidische Sammellager, von deta were they given status equal to the majority one hand by the radio and television propa­ sie nach Theresienstadt geschickt wurde. Nie­ of the population when the military govern­ ganda directed at him from the neighbouring mand darf urteilen, die Mutter blieb bei den ment rule was lifted. countries, and on the other, by Israel's re­ Ungefahrdeten, nicht beim gefahrdeten Kind- The big shock for them occurred in Summer action to terrorist threats. Menschen wie Cordelia hat einst die ka^."' 1967, when suddenly their links with the neigh­ Mr. Toledano stated that the Govemment lische Kirche aus sehr tiefen Grunden heuig bouring Arab countries were re-established and was now making "vigorous efforts" to secure gesprochen, heilige Cordelia, fiir sie wurden moreover, another million Arabs in the West more jobs for Arab high school and coUege Altare errichtet und Kerzen angeziindet uno Bank and the Gaza strip came under Israeli graduates. A circular has been sent to all civil verzweifelte Menschen beteten zu ihnen, wen administration. It was then that their identity services and public institutions instructing dies das Uebermenschliche ist, sich ^"J crisis reached a climax: for the Israeli Jews them to engage Arabs for vacant posts. He opfem, imi fiinf Menschen zu helfen. H^i they belonged to the great Arab family, yet noted that an additional reason for the pres­ Elisabeth Langgasser eine Vorahnung gehabt, for their Arab cousins they were renegades. sure of the Arab intellectuals on the labour als sie dies Kind Cordelia nannte nach der In the past six years 350 Israeli Arabs have market was the weakness, if not absence, of enterbten Tochter des Konig Lear? been involved in terrorist activities, most of economic and industrial initiative generally Kriiger beschreibt die Kasemenstadt Joseis them intellectuals. Indeed, the problem of the among Arabs, and the dearth of jobs in their II. Er entdeckt ein bischen was, nicht ^'^^'^ educated Arab youth in Israel is far more small enterprises staffed largely by family or einer verfallenen Haustiir das deutsche Wofi difficult than that of the Arab peasant or clan members. At the same time, all political "Lebensmittelausgabe". Aber er stellt die artisan. Only the other day, a survey com­ parties have decided to open their doors to aufregenden Fragen: "Wo hat sie gelebt uno missioned by the Prime Minister's office and Israeli Arabs. wie und mit wem? Wie ist das, wenn eui carried out by the Shiloah Institute of Middle There is no doubt that the Israeli author­ fiinfzehnjahriges Madchen aus Berlin-Eicn- Eastern Studies revealed interesting facts. ities have recognised that a new Arab leader­ kamp hierher kommt? Wie hat es angefangen- The survey shows that of the 328 Arabs and ship is emerging in Israel and challenging the Ich such und finde es nicht. Ich finde aicn Druze who graduated from college in the past position of the traditional "establishment." nicht, Cordelia — wo bist du denn? Wo bist decade, almost half are now teachers, irres­ How it will cope with the problem of the du damals gewesen? Wenn ich ehrlich y^' pective of what they studied. The very few "dual loyalties" and how it will stand up to Cordelia — ich kann es mir uberhaupt ni^'V who are working in other professions, are the pressure of the extremists from beyond vorstellen, wie du hier lebtest unter ^^Jj^,^ doctors and lawyers. The 328 graduates re­ the borders will, to a large extent, depend Verfolgten, unter andem Kindern und Hain- present less than 01 per cent of the non- on the openings and chances which Israel wiichsigen, wie du hier arbeitetest, schliefs, Jewish population in the 'sixties. The com­ society offers to them. vielleicht deine erste Liebe hattest?" parable figure for the Jewish sector was 1-32 per cent. Es sind ungeheure Fragen. Niemand hat e Mr. Eli Rekhess, of the Shiloah Institute, Gabriele Tergit wirklich beschrieben. Ich habe einen ^^^^gg who discussed the survey with the Press, Brief nach dem Krieg gelesen, da stand viej thought it spotlighted a situation of frustration OPFERGANG NACH THERESIENSTADT darin von dem schrecklichen Ungeziefer, da which would grow worse. If there are 700 Horst Kruger, ein wesentlicher deutscher mit einem Kalken dann verschwand, d Arab college graduates in Israel today, and Schriftsteller, kommt iiber die Hitlerzeit so Kaffee, der die ganze Nacht auf dem ^0 another 1,000 Arabs attending college, there wenig weg wie einer von uns. In einem langen stand, der Hunger und die furchtbaren Hunge - would be 2,500 graduates by 1980 with another Aufsatz im vierten Vierteljahrsheft der Neuen krankheiten, das Gewuhl auf den Wegen, ^ 2,500 students. These 5,000 young people Rundschau von 1972 beschreibt er Prag und die Menschen bis zum Zusammenbreche would be faced with a shortage of jobs that das Sudetenland, denn auch der Osten gehort stehen mussten und die gespenstischen ^nte would stand in the way of their full integration zu seinem Forschungsgebiet. Und dort in Prag haltungen, was man fiir Auschwitz einpacK • into the community. On the one hand, the erinnert er sich an seinen Wunsch Theresien­ Auch Cordelia kam nach Auschwitz. "DM h^^ Arab college graduate finds it difficult to stadt zu sehen, nicht aus allgemeinen Grunden iiberlebt. Du lebst heute immer noch irS^^^j, return to the traditional life in the village; sondern wegen eines Madchens, das er geliebt in Schweden und willst von Eichkamp, ^. j, on the other, he is barred, partly by lack of hat. Sie sind zusammen in Eichkamp aufge­ deiner Familie und auch von mir nichts me training, partly by prejudice born of the wachsen, haben Hopse und Himmel und Holle wissen. Ich verstehe das." Middle East conflict, from making his way gespielt. Sie hiess Cordelia, war flink und Es steht noch vieles bei Kriiger, aber die into the modern Jewish society of Israel. The schmal und schon und heiter, zum Schaber- Geschichte von Cordelia, ist einer der S^°?^ , Arab intellectual is finding himself restricted nack aufgelegt. Sie war die voreheliche Tochter Liebesbriefe. Und dass Kriiger, ein FiinfziS' because instead of mixing with his Jewish von Elisabeth Langgasser, die selbst eine Halb­ es gewagt hat in einer eiskalten Zeit i^°^^ peers, he is faced with the necessity of re­ jiidin war, und einem judischen Professor. schreiben, dafiir sollte jeder Leser danld) orientating himself to a narrower society. Elisabeth Langgasser hatte dann einen soge- sein.

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