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Home , Barrymore (barony), Duke of Leinster, Gerald de Barri, Gerald de Windsor, Gerald of Wales, Raymond FitzGerald

de Bary-Barry Origins Dating back to 1020 A brief early history of the de Bary-Barry origins compiled by Natasha Barry

Barri Castle

The de Bary-Barry family originally hails from the French speaking village of Barri (now Barry) in the Hainaut which was previously Norman territory. Today Barry is incorporated into the municipality of Tournai in Belgium.

Brice de Barry Knight in the 3rd Cru- sade (1189—1192) displaying the Barri Castle was located in the forest of Barri. Before 863 it would appear ancient family Coat of Arms on his that the governing authority in the area was the "forestier", thus the wooden shield typically faced with "controller" of the forests. Unsubstantiated legend has it that this post was leather or parchment at the time. held successively by Baudouin's ancestors. In 863 the countship of Flanders The long tunic with Magyar sleeves that he is wearing over his mail coat was granted to Baudouin I by Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks was sometimes worn by the wealthi- whose daughter he had abducted. er knights, the chin defense was con- troversial and the conical tip of his In 1185 the Barris fought fiercely against the of Hainaut but unfortu- helmet ahead of his time. nately lost the battle. The castle was utterly destroyed down to its founda-

tions by the Earl.

André de Barry of Antwerp, Belgium started an excavation club and corre- sponded with the late E.G.H. (Ted) Barry of South African from 1979 to 1992 keeping him up to date with the archeological digs that he was doing to find ‘our’ castle. In 1980 they uncovered a large foundation wall and three wells. In 1987 he wrote that, “Now we found deep stone foundations (and very large) in the ground with several subterranean passages and The full heraldic achievement of Albert de Bary 1877 gangways, etc”. The specialist that was called in de- Dating back to 1020 Statue of Giraldus Cambrensis in St. termined that the foundation walls David’s Cathedral were of Roman origin built out of Otho (Odon) living in the village of Gerald of - Sylvester the very hard local stone called, Barri in 1020 is the earliest record- Giraldus Cambrensis Pierre de Tournay. The village of ed Barri (de Bary or Barry). Barri would have been on the He was called the ‘father’ of Brice (Brisius) de Bary and Geraldus popular literature as he broke northernmost outpost of the Ro- de Bary also came from Barri castle. away from the pompous writing man Empire’s occupation of Gaul. style of his day. As a Catholic Ted speculated that, “It would ap- Otho had at least two sons, Walter Priest he wrote in Latin instead pear that the Barry Castle was ei- de Bary and William de Bary, who of French, the court language of his time, and this together with ther built on existing Roman foun- took part in the Norman invasion of the general illiteracy of the time dations or else the existing Roman England in 1066 at Hastings under doomed his works to relative foundations were dismantled so as William the Duke of Normandy. obscurity. to provide foundation stones for Whilst William de Bary participated Fortunately several of his Barry buildings to a different lay- in the conquest his brother Walter works, some addressed to King out’. was appointed custodian of Wind- Henry 11 and others to his son John, ‘the noble and illustrious sor Castle. All the archeological information King of England, lord of and duke of Normandy and Aq- lodged in the Tournay Archives was In 1989 John Lizza presented a paper on behalf of the late Marquette de Bary uitaine, and count of Anjou,’ transferred to the Belgian Archives have been preserved in the stating that Giraldus Cambrensis (thus the in Brussels and is now under the rest of the family) descends on both his British museum . control of state experts. paternal and maternal lines from this Otho. Gerald of Windsor

Otho de Barri’s son, Walter -Otho the Constable of Winsor Castle and holders of 22 estates from the king as tenant-in-chief, married Beatrice. Their sons chose the name de Wind- sor as their surname from the es- tates on which they were born and raised.

Gerald de Windsor was engaged in military matters and in 1095 he led an expedition against the Welsh in Princess Nest of - ‘Helen of Wales’ the South on the borders of what is now . Gerald was also the first Geraldine to set foot in The beautiful and clever Princess Nest ferch and Bishop of St David's Ireland when he went to Ireland to 4. Angharad de Windsor, who married Wil- Rhys (Nesta), born about 1085, was the secure for his lord, Arnulf Montgom- daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr (Rhys ap Tudor liam de Barry , the builder of Manorbier ery, the hand of the daughter of Mawr - ‘the Great’) born 1045, the last king Castle - the original seat of the Anglo- King Murrough in marriage in 1100. of the Deheubarth in and his Norman de Barry family. Two year later, Arnulf was deprived wife Gwladys born 1060, daughter of Prince 5. A daughter (possibly Gwladys), the moth- of his estates and exiled for joining Rhiwallon Powys of North Wales. er of Milo de Cogan in a rebellion against the King. Ger- ald was granted custody of Pem- had made alliances Gerald built a new castle at Carew and then broke Castle the most important with the tribal chiefs of Wales including another at Cilgerran. It was possibly at the fortress in South Wales by his friend King Henry 1 and subsequently ap- Nest’s father and established an informal latter that Nest’s second cousin and rebel pointed president of the County of frontier along the line of Offa’s Dyke with Owain ap Cadwgan, son of Cadwgan ap Pembrokeshire. Gerald was also Norman barons in control of the land. Bleddyn, prince of Powys and his men set placed in charge of the Norman forc- fire and attacked the castle in 1109. Tradi- es fighting the Welsh. Ruling her William died in 1087 and his successor, Wil- tion has it that Nest suspected treason and father’s lands, his marriage to Prin- liam Rufus sent the Marcher barons in to helped her husband escape down the privy. cess Nest him legitimacy in the subdue the Britons. In 1093 Nest’s father The Brut tells us that “Owain subsequently eyes of his subjects. was killed in a battle outside Brecon and she broke into the castle, raped Nest and ab- Nest’s abduction incensed not only was taken as a valuable hostage, others ducted her along with Gerald’s children and her husband and King Henry but the were captured and executed and Nest’s much of his treasure”. Nest persuaded him Norman lords as well. Owain’s brother Gruffydd, fled to Ireland. In London to return the children to Gerald but her Welsh enemies were bribed to attack him and his father, thus the young Nest caught the eye of King Henry good looks and abduction led to a mini civil starting a minor civil war with Ger- 1 illustrated above and bore him a son, Hen- war earning her the nicknamed ‘Helen of ald at the forefront and Welsh ry FitzHenry ( b. circa 1103, d. circa 1157 ) Wales’. Nest was finally returned to her hus- prince fighting against Welsh prince. band but myth has it not before bearing In a political move King Henry decided to Owain and his father fled to Ireland, Owain two sons, Llywelyn and Einion. After marry her to one of his knights, Gerald de and Nest was returned to Gerald. Gerald's death, Nest took as a lover the Windsor a grandson of Otho de Barri. By all On the orders of King Henry suppos- Sheriff of Pembroke, a Flemish settler accounts it was a relatively happy marriage edly to help him defeat one of the named William Hait with whom she is ru- and Nest bore Gerald five children: strongest Welsh rebel princes, moured to have had a child, also called Wil- Owain returned from Ireland. Possi- 1. William FitzGerald (died 1173) liam. Not happy with this her older sons bly betrayed, Owain was ambushed 2. Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Llansteffan married her off to Stephen, the constable of by a band of Flemish led by Gerald and legend has it that he was killed (died 1 September 1177) Cardigan, and she bore him a son, Robert by an arrow through the heart shot 3. David FitzGerald, Archdeacon of Cardigan Fitz-Stephen who died in 1182. by the hand of Gerald himself. Pedigree of the de Bary-Barry’s feared he would use his family con- are those of Giraldus Cambrensis nections to assert Welsh ecclesias- tical independence from England. Geraldus de Barri or Barry; Girald de Not willing to accept defeat he pe- Bary, and on occasion titioned the papal court but his was born in Manorbier, Pembroke- case was eventually denied. He shire, Wales, in about 1146. He was spent his remaining days writing the son of a Norman castellan, William and revising his previous works. de Barri and Angharad, the daughter of the Welsh princess Nesta of Deheu- Preaching the third Crusade in barth. He was thus the nephew of Wales, 1188 Maurice Fitzgerald and related to the Gerald nearly achieved his life long am- leading Welch-Norman families and to bition to emulate his uncle David Fitz- the princely families of South gerald as the Bishop of the holy see of Wales. King Henry II's justiciar in St. David's. In 1198 the Bishop Peter Wales, the powerful Lord Rhys ap de Leia died and the canons of the ca- Gruffydd, Prince of Deheubarth was thedral elected Gerald as his successor. his mother’s cousin. Gerald of Wind- However, his former student John be- sor, his maternal grandfather, was the came the King of England in the follow- progenitor of one of the most powerful ing year and refused to sanction the of the Welsh Marcher dynasties, the appointment. Gerald’s illustrious fami- Fitzgeralds or Geraldines. Coupled to ly connections with the Marcher bar- Gerald’s powerful family were many of ons and the Welsh princes worked the original Norman conquerors of Ire- against him. Gerald reasoned that the land that fought alongside Strongbow. king and the IRELAND

Diarmait Mac Murchada (Dermot MacMurragh), the ousted King of , requested military intervention from newly crowned King Henry 11 of England. Not willing to extend himself, Henry 11 gave Mac Murchada permission to pri- vately recruit soldiers. He recruited Richard de Clare, the , also known as Strongbow as well as a handful of Anglo-Norman barons including Maurice FitzGerald, Robert FitzStephen, Maurice FitzGerald, Hervey de Mont Maurice, Reymond le Lord , Naas, and Grosse and Milo de Cogan. Lanstephan - Gerald de Barri's uncle illustrated in Gerald’s chronicle Expugnation Hibernica In May 1169, the Anglo-Norman soldiers and knights promised land and influ- ence landed in , Ireland to help him successfully regain his kingdom In February of 1183 Giraldus Cam- from King Rory O’Connor of Connacht and the Dubliners. Giraldus’ brother Rob- brensis arrived in Ireland with his ert de Barry was granted Lismore Castle photo above but died defending it in elder brother Philip, and visited his 1185. relations. Philip, the 1st Lord of Ole- than, had married a daughter of Thus Gerald FitzWalter of Windsor became the common ancestor of the various Richard FitzTancred and fathered many Irish Barrys! A year later Ger- de Barry branches, as well as of the FitzGerald and families in Ire- ald returned to England with Henry II land. Located mainly in County the Barry family became so powerful that and served as a tutor to Prince John they were called “The Great Barrys” or Barry mor. The chief of this family held and a negotiator for the crown. He the titles Lord of Olethan with Philip de Barry became the 1st Lord of Olethan, wrote an Viscount of Buttevant and in 1627 advanced to the dignity of Earl of . account of the , its geography, fauna and mysteries. He Also to be found are Barry Roe (Red Barry), Barry Og (Younger Barry), and vari- read the three parts of this chronicle ents like Barry Bhán/Barrivane (White Barry) and Barry Laidir (Strong Barry) or to the masters at Oxford in 1186. compound names such as the Mac James (FitzJames Barrys), the MacRobinson/ Topographia Hibernica and Expugna- MacRobston Barrys, the MacAdam Barrys and the Smith Barrys. Some Barry tio Hibernica [Topography of Ire- families changed their name to Berry for political, religious or other reasons. land and History] are held in the National Library of Ireland as MS However, some Barrys are not Anglo-Norman or Flemish in origin but descend- 700. ed from the native Irish O’Beare or O’Beargha families of Mayo and . For his good services rendered Ger- ald was rewarded with the Archdea- The main branches of the FitzGerald (Fitz meaning ‘son of’) family are: conry of Brecon and soon after be-  the FitzGeralds of Kildare ( of Kildare from 1316, later Marquesses of came Archdeacon of St. David's as well - a position once held by his Kildare and from 1766 Dukes of Leinster and Premier Peers of Ireland). Its uncle, Bishop David Fitzgerald. current head is Maurice FitzGerald, 9th .  the FitzGeralds of Desmond (Barons Desmond, later Earls of Desmond) One of the reasons that Henry V111 Boutez en avant decided to re-conquer Ireland was that the FitzGerald dynasty of Kil- Boutez en avant, the de Bary-Barry family motto dates back to before dare had effectively become the 1066 when Otho de Barri’s sons Walter and his brother William of rulers of Ireland with Thomas Fitz- Barri in the Hainaut followed William the conqueror into battle bring- Gerald openly rebelling against the ing the feudal system to England. crown in 1535. Henry V111 had bro- ken with Rome in 1534 but the ma- Boutez en avant means to ‘push forward’. An accurate translation of jority of the descendants of the An- this ancient battle cry would probably be, ‘kick your way forward’! glo-Norman settlers and the Irish did not accept the Protestant Refor- mation.

The word “Barry” in French implies a The Catholics become subservient to rampart. The first defence of a castle English and Scottish planter is the butte or buttress. The town Protestant immigrants which led to the Irish Rebellion that was sup- Buttevant commemorates the time pressed by Oliver Cromwell in 1641. David de Barri stormed the ramparts Thereafter followed a time of con- fused loyalties, anger and violence. screaming “Boutez en avant”! Buttevant photo top right became Garrett Barry, a younger son from the seat of power for the Barry's in , who had previously left Ireland to join the Spanish Army of Ireland until it was mortgaged by Flanders had returned home and led the profligate 7th Earl of Barrymore the Irish Confederate Army as Gen- at the end of the 18th Century. eral and took Limerick. However, the superior weapons and numbers (1500 to 500) of the English force Henry V111, having divorced Cathe- commanded by a Protestant Irish- rine of Aragon introduced a scheme man, Murrough O'Brien, Baron of called “Surrender and Regrant” Inchiquin defeated them in the Battle of Liscarroll fought whereby Catholics could send one in County Cork in July 1642. son to be schooled “properly” in Cromwell returned to subdue the England returning as a protestant to rebels in 1649. Many landowners reclaim family land. Thus David de and the majority of the Catholics Barry, the first Earl of Barrymore including some of the Barry’s lost their property. It is estimated that died of wounds received at the just under half a million people (a Battle of Liscarroll fighting for the third of the population) died from crown to keep his lands. war or famine, emigrated or were deported.

Richard, the second Earl of Barry- In 1695 they (and Protestant dis- senters) were disenfranchised and more, protected by Oliver Cromwell their religious, political and econom- accumulated great wealth but this ic rights restricted by new even was subsequently lost by degener- stricter . ate heirs. As part of the Prince of Many descendants of the Anglo- Wales’ Carlton House Set, the last Norman Barry's fled Ireland in the 16th and some in the 17th century. Earls of Barrymore epitomized the Some of those that fled to France indulgence of England’s Regency adopted the surname DuBarry. Period (c1811 – 1821).