6 X 10.Long New.P65

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

6 X 10.Long New.P65 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-17436-7 - Fiction and History in England, 1066-1200 Laura Ashe Index More information Index Adrian IV, pope 174 lack of later influence of 78 Aeneid performative text of 41À3 see Virgil political bias of 36, 40 Ailred of Rievaulx Benoˆit de Sainte-Maure 50 Genealogia regum Anglorum 52 Chronique desDucsdeNormandie 58, 67, 125 Vita S. Edwardi 29, 31À3, 52, 77 Bernard de Balliol, baron 102 Alexander III, pope 174, 176 Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint Alnwick, capture of William the Lion at 114 Vita sancti Malachiae 175 Althusser, Louis 27 borderlands ‘Angevin empire’ 97, 127, 157 see Scotland, borderland loyalties; Wales, see also cross-Channel cohesion, marcher society of; Vexin, historiography of the Norman Anglo-Norman historians 47, 58, 79 Brittany, relations with England of 155 see also Geffrei Gaimar; Henry of Broceliande, forest of 73À4 Huntingdon; Orderic Vitalis; Bury St Edmunds, praise of 87 William of Malmesbury Anglo-Norman literature, precocity of 23 Canterbury see also genre, literary Bayeux Tapestry connection of 36 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 5À6, 205À7 manuscript art of 40 Anselm, Saint, archbishop of Canterbury Chre´tien de Troyes 10, 73, 144 on language 17 Arthurian romances, fictionality of 24À5, on truth 119 144À5 antique romances Yvain 73, 118 see romans antiques, romans d’antiquite´ Common Law, the English 11À14, 103, 104 Arbroath, royal abbey of 115 communities, medieval 4 Arthurian literature 10 Copsi, Coxo, earl of Northumbria 44 see also Chre´tien de Troyes Couronnement de Louis, The 109 assize of novel disseisin, the 103 cross-Channel cohesion 3 Augustine, Saint, bishop of Hippo historiography of 95 on language 15À17 division of landholding 75, 96 on prophecy 166 literary reception and circulation 10 separatism 96À7 Bakhtin, Mikhail 134, 143 cultural utility, as a mode of analysis 19 barbarism, collocated with paganism 116À17, 156À7, 175 Deeds of the Normans in Ireland, The Barthes, Roland 18, 65 see Song of Dermot and the Earl, The Bayeux Tapestry, the 20À1, 35À47 ‘Description of England’, the Anglo-Norman as an Anglo-Norman production 37, 43À4 207À8 borders of 46À7 Diarmait Mac Murchada, king of Leinster 159, hermeneutic openness of 36À7, 44 160, 173, 195 interpretive silences of 37À8, 39À41 Domesday Book 48À9 240 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-17436-7 - Fiction and History in England, 1066-1200 Laura Ashe Index More information Index 241 Domnall Mac Donnchada, king of Osraige Irish barbarism, representation of 161, 173, 183À5 177À9 Domnall Mo´r Ua Briain, king of Thomond 185 justification of conquest in 177, 192 Dunwich, defence of 88 prophecies of Merlin in 169 purposeful omission of events in 177, 187 Eadmer of Canterbury provincialism and family loyalty of 168, Historia Novorum 40 169À70, 185 Edgar Ætheling 44 Gesta Normannorum Ducum 57À8 Edith, queen of England, wife of Edward the Gilbert de Munfichet, baron 90 Confessor 28, 45 Gilbert of Louth, monk 195, 197, 199 Edward the Confessor, king of England 28, 31, Godwinesons, the, family of Earl Godwine 28, 45 39, 45 Gospatric fitz Orm, castellan 89 Edwin, Eadwine, earl of Mercia 44 Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of England 98, 125 H. de Saltrey, clerical writer English identity Tractatus de Purgatorio sancti Patricii 194À8 historiography of 7À9, 10À11, 94À5 representation of Irish barbarism in 196À7 pre-Conquest 3À5 habitus, anthropological theory of 14 relation with language of 8À9 Harley Psalter, the 40 see also Common Law, the English Harold Godwineson, king of England 39À41, 45 Espurgatoire Seint Patriz as an illegitimate king 31, 37 see Marie de France regarded as legitimate for purposes of exile-and-return, literary motif of 107, 110À12 prophecy 33 Expugnatio Hibernica Hasting, viking invader of northern France see Gerald of Wales 68À9 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 34, 66 Fornham, battle of 89, 91 Henry I, king of England 32, 49, 51, 76 Henry II, king of England 82, 91 Geffrei Gaimar as a foreign king 104À5 Estoire des Engleis 20, 58, 124, 207 as ‘fitz Empress’ 105 genre, literary 143 as legal reformer 11, 103 chansons de geste 57, 108À10, 165 as patron of literature 49À50, 67, 125À7 epic 134, 143 compared with Charlemagne 107 lyric 133, 134, 141À3, 144 doing penance at Becket’s tomb 114 romance English genealogy of 32, 52 Continental, characteristics of 144À6 lack of imperial ambition of 127 formation and origins of 134, 143À5 multiple identities of 52, 104À5, 107 insular, characteristics of 22, 23À4, 26, 107, policy for Ireland of 121, 187À9, 204 123À4, 146, 157 policy for Wales of 93, 171 love, as a structural principle of 144 racial address in the charters of 93 see also Bakhtin, Mikhail submission of the Irish kings to 188 Geoffrey, count of Nantes, brother of Henry II using mercenaries 92 128 Henry of Huntingdon 58 Geoffrey V, count of Anjou, father of Henry II on William the Conqueror 6 54, 57 Henry, the ‘Young King’ 57, 82, 99 Geoffrey of Monmouth heraldry 85 use of prophecy of 33, 166 Hervey de Montmorency, uncle of Richard fitz Historia regum Britanniae 24, 60À2, 124 Gilbert 178 comparison of the Vulgate and First history Variant versions 61 and hagiography 33À4 Gerald of Wales and topography 48À9, 59 Expugnatio Hibernica 26À7, 161À3, as a divine plan 77, 119 166À79 as textuality 15, 18, 34, 65À6, 117À18 moral interpretation in 167 see also Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich; Fortune in 167À9 Hugh of St Victor; Isidore of Seville; influence of 163 White, Hayden © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-17436-7 - Fiction and History in England, 1066-1200 Laura Ashe Index More information 242 Index Hugh Bigod, first earl of Norfolk 89 nobility of townspeople and peasants in Hugh de Lacy, curial baron 190 88À9, 105 Hugh del Chastel, lord of Chaˆteauneuf-en- representation of London in 112 Thimerais 91 representations of Scottish atrocities in Hugh de Puiset, bishop of Durham 90 115À17 Hugh of Cyfeiliog, fifth earl of Chester 93 representation of the Flemings in 85À6, Hugh of St Victor 87À8 on history 18 representation of William the Lion in 85, Humphrey (III) de Bohun 89, 91, 101, 102, 111 101 structure of 105, 106À7, 114 ideology, definition and use of 19 use of ‘foreigners’ in 84À7, 90, 92, 110 images, image-making 16 versification of 106 Ireland adoption of Irish and Welsh saints by the Kundera, Milan 148 invaders of 186 as a colonial and post-colonial space 27, Lacan, Jacques 161, 205 192À4, 201À4 landholding causes of the English invasions of 173À4 as the source of nobility 59À60, 98, 119 connections with England of 160 revolutionized by the Conquest 12À13, 104 distinctive characteristics of the Church see also Domesday Book of 175 Laudabiliter 174 feudal structures in 190 Leicester, earl and countess of interpreters in 164, 181 see Robert de Breteuil; Petronilla de justification of the conquest of 104, Grandmesnil 176À80 Le´vi-Strauss, Claude 161 lay literacy in 164À5 London 112 nature of English lordship of 189À90 Lorca´n Ua Tuathail, Saint, archbishop of nature of the English invasions of Dublin 184 180À1, 188 Louis VII, king of France 82, 99 paradoxes in the conquest of 192 regarded as barbarous and uncivilized Mac Donnchada 174À7 see Domnall Mac Donnchada submission to Henry II of the kings of 188 Magna Carta 104 Treaty of Windsor regarding 188 Marie de France 165 see also Henry II, policy for Ireland of; Espurgatoire Seint Patriz, attrib. to Laudabiliter 198À201 Isidore of Seville representation of the Irish in 199À200 on historia 66 possible identity of 201 on truth 117À18 Maud, Matilda, Empress, wife of Geoffrey V of Anjou, mother of Henry II 32, 53, 105 Jameson, Fredric 154 Maud, Matilda, queen of England, wife of John de Courcy, lord of Ulster 186, 189À90 Henry I 32, 105 John, king of England, lord of Ireland 57, 193, Maurice de Prendergast, ‘of Osraige’ 183À5 204 Maurice fitz Gerald, uncle of Gerald of Wales Jordan Fantosme 56 167 Chronicle 21À2, 81À120, 207 Meiler fitz Henry, justiciar of Ireland 162 compared with chansons de geste 107À10 mercenaries, Brabanc¸on 92 Englishness expressed in 9, 89, 105 Morcar, earl of Northumbria 44 as providential history 117À20 Murchad Ua Brain, king of Dubthar, executed audience of 82À4 by Strongbow 182À3 barons loyal to Henry II, list of 111 compared with the Romance of Horn nationalism, historiography of 4 123, 154 see also English identity disapproval of ravaging in 98À102 Norman Conquest of England exile-and-return in 110À12 ambiguity in the justification of 172 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-17436-7 - Fiction and History in England, 1066-1200 Laura Ashe Index More information Index 243 continental responses to 35 Raymond fitz William fitz Gerald, ‘le Gros’, effect on Normanitas of 56À7 cousin of Gerald of Wales 178 revolution in landholding of 12À13, 48À9, repetition, the creation of culture by means of 59À60, 104 112À13 traumatic effect of 3, 5À6 see also Thomas, poet, Romance of Normanitas 6À7, 55À7, 92À3 Horn, The paradoxically threatened by the Conquest Richard de Lucy, justiciar 100, 101À2, 105, 56À7, 78 111, 112 see also Wace, poet, Roman de Rou Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare, ‘Strongbow’, earl Northumberland, ravaging of 99À101 of Pembroke 90, 187À8 Norwich, capture of 110 Richard fitz Nigel, administrator and bishop of London 102 Odinel II d’Umfraville, baron 111 Richard I, king of England 57, 107 Odo, bishop of Bayeux and earl of Kent 36,
Recommended publications
  • Gerald of Wales and the Angevin Kings
    GERALD OF WALES AND THE ANGEVIN KINGS HELEN STEELE On the 10th of November 1203, Silvester Giraldus long squabble with Thomas Becket, had sullied his Cambrensis1 attended a meeting at Westminster Abbey in reputation.3 Contemporary chroniclers, including Roger de London at which Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Hoveden, Gervase of Canterbury, Walter Map and William Canterbury, announced the selection of Geoffrey de of Newburgh, frequently felt ambivalent about Henry. Henelawe as Bishop of the See of St David’s. Although Walter Map maintains that Henry “was distinguished by five years before, the canons of St David’s had elected him many good traits and blemished by some few faults.”4 their choice for Bishop, and although he had pushed his Similarly, Newburgh characterizes Henry as being claim vigorously with two kings and a pope, Gerald of “endowed with many virtues […] and yet he was addicted Wales accepted the decision quietly. He resigned his to certain vices especially unbecoming in a Christian archdeaconry and retired from public life.2 For decades, he prince.”5 These men similarly had their doubts about had nursed the ambition to become Bishop of a St David’s Henry’s sons. Of Henry the Young King, they wrote little independent of Canterbury. This ambition had driven him but most deplore the young man’s rebellions against his and ultimately became an obsession. Now, his ambition father in 1173 and 1183.6 Richard, who succeeded his crushed, Gerald looked for someone to blame. His gaze father in 1189 and John, who succeeded Richard in 1200, turned upon the Angevin kings.
    [Show full text]
  • Programme 3 the Norman Conquest of Pembrokeshire
    PROGRAMME 3 THE NORMAN CONQUEST OF PEMBROKESHIRE Introduction. We’re walking through Pembrokeshire and Britain’s only coastal national park to discover how a group of French-speaking warriors turned this corner of Wales into a place still known as ‘Little England beyond Wales’. Home to miles of rugged coast line, beautiful beaches and incredible wildlife, it’s a landscape and culture heavily shaped by the Normans. Unlike the knockout victory of Hastings, this conquest was a long, fiercely fought struggle. Over time the Normans turned a Welsh speaking Kingdom into an English speaking shire dominated by castles, churches and the amazing cathedral in the city of St Davids. .Walking Through History Day 1 . From St Davids, we’ll make our way along the coastal cliffs, learning about the Norman’s first meetings with the native Welsh. We’ll start by walking in the footsteps of England’s greatest warrior king – William the Conqueror. St Davids to Newgale via Pembrokeshire Coastal Path Distance: 10 miles Day 2 . Heading inland, we’re walking the rough frontier the Norman’s fought to create with the rest of Wales. We’ll trace this boundary – or Landsker Line – that formed as Normans and Flemings flooded in, past early defences at Hayscastle and Wolfcastle. Climbing Great Treffgarne Mountain gives the perfect look out over the landscape facing the invaders. Finally we head south-west, to discover how the native Welsh fought back as I reach Wiston. Newgale to Wiston via Hayscastle, Wolfcastle and Great Treffgarne Mountain Distance: 20 miles Day 3 . The River Cleddau is our guide on Day 3, as we find out how a stunning welsh princess seduced Normans, Welsh and English alike.
    [Show full text]
  • Lord Rhys Ap Gruffydd
    Henry II died in 1189, and over At the age of 25, Rhys became The year after the Earls’ rebellion, the next 7 years, Lord Rhys ruler of Deheubarth, a kingdom Lord Rhys publicly pledged attacked and took castles at which covered Ceredigion, his allegiance to Henry II on Talley Abbey was founded by Carmarthen, Llawhaden, Nevern, Ystrad Tywi and Dyfed (modern 29th June, at Gloucester, in front Lord Rhys when he was about 54. Painscastle, Swansea and Wiston, day counties of Pembrokeshire, of the Welsh rulers of south and lost control of Malienydd, Carmarthenshire, most of Wales, most of whom he was Wiston and St Clears. Swansea and some of Ceredigion). related to by marriage. Three years after founding Talley Thirteen months after submitting Henry II made Lord Rhys ‘justice Abbey, Lord Rhys met Giraldus to Henry II at Woodstock, Lord in all south Wales’ at Laugharne Cambrensis/Gerald of Wales and Rhys joined forces with the other castle. Lord Rhys was allowed to the archbishop of Canterbury, who Welsh Princes, to rise up in battle keep lands he had taken over the were recruiting people to go on against the king at Corwen. Heavy 8 years since 1164, in return for a crusade to the holy land. Lord rain during the battle forced the protecting royal and marcher Rhys’s wife, Gwenllian ferch Madog, king’s army to retreat to England. lands from attack. persuaded him not to go. Three years after Henry II Eight years after becoming ruler Rhys fought against the Normans and Lord Rhys’s relationship of Deheubarth, and after much from an early age.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangor University DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY Image and Reality In
    Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Image and Reality in Medieval Weaponry and Warfare: Wales c.1100 – c.1450 Colcough, Samantha Award date: 2015 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 24. Sep. 2021 BANGOR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HISTORY, WELSH HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY Note: Some of the images in this digital version of the thesis have been removed due to Copyright restrictions Image and Reality in Medieval Weaponry and Warfare: Wales c.1100 – c.1450 Samantha Jane Colclough Note: Some of the images in this digital version of the thesis have been removed due to Copyright restrictions [i] Summary The established image of the art of war in medieval Wales is based on the analysis of historical documents, the majority of which have been written by foreign hands, most notably those associated with the English court.
    [Show full text]
  • IRELAND C.980-1229 Máire Ní Mhaonaigh
    PERCEPTION AND REALITY: IRELAND c.980-1229 Máire Ní Mhaonaigh Hi Kalaind Auguist cen ail tiagtís ind cech tress blíadain; agtís secht ngraifne im gním nglé secht laithe na sechtmaine. And luaitís fri bága bil certa ocus cána in cóicid, cech recht ríagla co rogor cech tress blíadna a chórogod. ‘On the kalends of August free from reproach they would go thither every third year: they would hold seven races, for a glorious object, seven days in the week. There they would discuss with strife of speech the dues and tributes of the province, every legal enactment right piously every third year it was settled.’1 This eleventh-century depiction of a gathering (óenach) held at regular intervals at Carmain provides an imagined glimpse of medieval Ireland at work and play. Conventionally but misleadingly translated ‘fair’, the óenach was an institution in which the wider community played a part. Among those said to have been assembled on this particular occasion were ‘the clerics and laity of the Leinstermen, as well as the wives of the nobility’ (clérig, láeich Lagen ille, mnái na ndagfher). Fasting was undertaken there ‘against wrong and oppression’ (ra 1 Metrical Dindshenchas, iii, 18-19 (lines 208-16). I am grateful to my colleague, Dr Fiona Edmonds, for perceptive comments on what follows. 1 anrecht, ra écomlund).2 Misconduct was forbidden;3 knowledge was imparted of various kinds.4 Kings controlled these occasions, convening an óenach for a variety of reasons. It was to celebrate his accession to the kingship of Leinster that the óenach at Carmain was held by Donnchad mac Gilla Phátraic in 1033 and this poem may mark that specific event.5 Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, king of Mide, had earlier hosted a similar assembly at Tailtiu [Teltown, County Meath] in 1007, when he had already been ruling for more than a quarter of a century and had achieved considerable success.6 His revival of óenach Tailten was designed to bolster his authority further, and it too was commemorated in a composition attributed to Máel Sechnaill’s court-poet, Cúán ua Lothcháin.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Ancient Sources
    Index of Ancient Sources Abril issia Claros varones See Vidal, Raimon See Fernando del Pulgar Adam de Murimuth 72 Clerk, Marion 384 Aeneas of Paris 188 Colonna, Guido delle 113–114 Alvarez Pelayo 58 Condé, Baldwin de 88–89 Amiens, Girart d’ 271 Cooper, Thomas 382 Andrew of Coutances 33–34 Crowning of Louis 214, 282 Arras, Walter of 89 Arrivall of Edward iv 149, 151 Dante (Alighieri) 357–359 Aymeri of Narbonne 203, 206, 208, 211 De laude novae militae 165 Diego de Valera 128 Bale’s Chronicle 151 Dudo of St. Quentin 34 Baret, John 382 Du Roi Guillaume d’Angleterre 270 Baudri of Bourgeuil 27 Bérenger au lonc cul 184 Edmund of Lancaster Blois, Robert de 87, 100 Einhard 15–17 Bocaccio, Giovanni 115 Elyot, Thomas 382 Bodin, Jean 383 Escanor 271, 276, 278 Boethius 355, 358 Estoire de Merlin 372, 374 Boke of Noblesse L’Estoire de Eracles 203–204, 206, 214–215 See William Worcester Eudo of Porhoët Book of the Ordre of Chyualry See Ramon Lull Fernán Pérez de Guzmán 120–122, Born, Bertran de 94–96 125–135, 138 Bourbon, Étienne de 394–396 Fernando del Pulgar 120–123, 125–126, Bown o Hamtwn 329, 332, 335–341 133–135 Breton, William le 91–92, 100 First Branch of the Mabinogi 334 Brinton, Thomas 224, 226 Florio, John 384 Burchard of Worms 397 Forest Charter 240 Forman, Simon 381–382 Capgrave, John 395 Fougères, Stephen de 96–97 Caxton, William 143–145, 150, 156, Fructuosus of Braga 186 369–370 Certaldo, Paolo 112 Generaciones y semblanzas Chandos Herald 77, 79 See Fernán Pérez de Guzmán Chanson d’Aspremont Geoffrey le Baker 77 See Song of Aspremont Geoffroi
    [Show full text]
  • “Marshal Towers” in South-West Wales: Innovation, Emulation and Mimicry
    “Marshal towers” in South-West Wales: Innovation, Emulation and Mimicry “Marshal towers” in South-West Wales: Innovation, Emulation and Mimicry John Wiles THE CASTLE STUDIES GROUP JOURNAL NO 27: 2013-14 181 “Marshal towers” in South-West Wales: Innovation, Emulation and Mimicry Historical context Earl William the Marshal (d. 1219) was the very flower of knighthood and England’s mightiest vassal.4 He had married the de Clare heiress in 1189 gaining vast estates that included Netherwent, with Chepstow and Usk castles, as well as the great Irish lordship of Leinster. He was granted Pembroke and the earldom that went with it at King John’s acces- sion in 1199, probably gaining possession on his first visit to his Irish lands in 1200/01.5 Although effec- tively exiled or retired to Ireland between 1207 and 1211 (Crouch, 2002, 101-115), the Marshal consoli- dated and expanded his position in south-west Wales, acquiring Cilgerran by conquest (1204) and Haver- fordwest by grant (1213), as well as gaining custody of Cardigan, Carmarthen and Gower (1214). In 1215, however, whilst the Marshal, soon to be regent, was taken up with the wars in England, a winter campaign led by Llywelyn ap Iorwerth of Gwynedd ushered in a Welsh resurgence, so that at the Marshal’s death all save the Pembroke lordship, with Haverfordwest, had been lost. Llywelyn, who had been granted cus- tody of Cardigan and Carmarthen in 1218, returned to devastate the region in 1220, again destroying many of its castles.6 Fig 1. Pembroke Castle Great Tower from the NW.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Ancestor to Immigrate to England Was Otho Geraldium, Duke
    The Garretts – Before America Page 11 Life in Windsor, Pembroke or Carew Castles Gerald of Windsor and Pembroke, his wife and several generations of sons lived in various castles in or near Wales. The castles were originally made of timber (there was a lot of timber at the time) and later rebuilt in stone. Of course, all of the pictures available are of the stone castles. The next few paragraphs describe the layout of the original castles and life within them. Within the curtain walls of the castle, the living quarters invariably had one basic element, the hall. A large one-room structure with a loft ceiling, the hall was sometimes on the ground floor, but often, it was raised to the second story for greater security. Early halls were aisled like a church, with rows of wooden posts or stone pillars supporting the timber roof. Windows were equipped with wooden shutters secured by an iron bar and in the 11th and 12th centuries they were rarely glazed. By the 13th century a king or great baron might have "white (greenish) glass" in some of his windows, and by the 14th century glazed windows were common. In a ground-floor hall the floor was beaten earth, stone or plaster; when the hall was elevated to the upper story the floor was nearly always timber, supported by a row of wooden pillars in the basement below. Carpets, although used on walls, tables, and benches, were not used as floor coverings until the 14th century. Floors were strewn with rushes. The rushes were replaced at intervals and the floor swept, but often under them lay "an ancient collection of beer, grease, fragments, bones, spittle, excrement of dogs and cats and everything that is nasty." The Garretts – Before America Page 12 Entrance to the hall was usually in a side wall near the lower end.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction: the Scrap-Heap of History 1
    NOTES Introduction: The Scrap-Heap of History 1 . Patrick Sims-Williams provides an incisive overview of the construction of some of these stereotypes in “The Visionary Celt: The Construction of an Ethnic Preconception,” Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies 11 (1996): 71–96. 2 . William Shakespeare, Henry V , 3rd Arden ed., ed. T. W. Craig (London: Routledge, 1995), IV:7, lines 94–118. 3 . Matthew Arnold, On the Study of Celtic Literature and Other Essays (New York: Dutton, 1976), p. 384. 4 . See Megan S. Lloyd, “Speak It in Welsh”: Wales and the Welsh Language in Shakespeare (Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Lexington Books, 2008). 5 . Even the subversive force of Fluellen’s unfavorable comparison of Henry to Alexander the Great is humorously undercut by the Welshman’s insis- tence on the Hellenistic conqueror’s epithet: the “pig.” See Shakespeare, Henry V , IV: vii; David Quint, “ ‘Alexander the Pig’: Shakespeare on History and Poetry,” boundary 2 10 (1982): 49–67, and esp. 60, shows persuasively how Fluellen’s attempts at historical analysis and panegyric undercut themselves, rendering him ludicrous. For a larger discussion of the representation of the Welsh in Elizabethan texts, see Peter Roberts, “Tudor Wales, National Identity, and the British Inheritance,” in British Consciousness and Identity: The Making of Britain, 1536–1707 , ed. Brendan Bradshaw and Peter Roberts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), pp. 8–42. 6 . William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 1 , 3.1. ed. David Bevington (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987). 7 . See R. R. Davies, The Revolt of Owain Glyn Dwr (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995). 8 . Simon Meecham-Jones speaks of these developments as “conscious processes of historical falsification and linguistic distortion.” See his essay, “Where Was Wales? The Erasure of Wales in Medieval English Culture,” in Authority and Subjugation in Writing of Medieval Wales , ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Research Online Oro.Open.Ac.Uk
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Gerald of Wales and Competing Interpretations of the Welsh Middle Ages c. 1870-1910 Journal Item How to cite: Marsden, Richard (2011). Gerald of Wales and Competing Interpretations of the Welsh Middle Ages c. 1870- 1910. Welsh History Review, 25(3) pp. 314–345. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2011 Unknown https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Accepted Manuscript Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/uwp/whis/2011/00000025/00000003/art00002 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk 02 Marsden_Welsh History Review 10/06/2011 11:23 Page 314 GERALD OF WALES AND COMPETING INTERPRETATIONS OF THE WELSH MIDDLE AGES, c.1860–1910* The closing decades of the nineteenth century saw a shift in how Welsh medieval history was conceptualized. Predominantly antiquarian and mythic approaches were replaced, in intellectual circles at least, with narrative syntheses based on credible sources. This change was part of the rise of source- based and narrative forms of national history- writing across Europe.1 The result in England was a confidently Whiggish and constitutionally focused historiography that reduced Welsh history to what Keith Robbins calls ‘little more than a perpetual footnote in accounts of the history of the English state’.2 Welsh historians in the period responded to this discourse in a variety of ways, but even those who disputed its message nonetheless borrowed extensively from its assumptions.
    [Show full text]
  • A Scholar and His Saints. Examining the Art of Hagiographical Writing of Gerald of Wales
    UNIVERSITY The life of Giraldus Cambrensis / Gerald of Wales (c.1146 – c.1223) represents many PRESS facets of the Middle Ages: he was raised in a frontier society, he was educated in Paris, he worked for the kings of England and he unsuccessfully tried to climb the ecclesiastical ladder. He travelled widely, he met many high-ranking persons, and he wrote books in which he included more than one (amusing) anecdote about many persons. Up to this day, scholars have devoted a different degree of attention to Giraldus’ works: his ethnographical and historiographical works have been studied thoroughly, whereas his hagiographical writing has been left largely unexamined. This observation is quite surprising, because Giraldus’ talent as a hagiographer has been acknowledged long ago. Scholars have already examined Giraldus’ saints’ lives independently, but an interpretation of his whole hagiographical œuvre is still a desideratum. This thesis proposed to fill this gap by following two major research questions. First of all, this thesis examined the particular way in which Giraldus depicted each saint. Furthermore, it explained why Giraldus chose / preferred a certain depiction of a FAU Studien aus der Philosophischen Fakultät 17 particular saint. Overall, an examination of the hagiographical art of writing of Giraldus Cambrensis offered insight into the way hagiography was considered by authors and commissioners and how this art was practiced during the twelfth and thirteenth century. Stephanie Plass A Scholar and His Saints Examining the Art of Hagiographical Writing A Scholar and His Saints - The Art of Hagiographical Writing of Gerald Wales A Scholar and His Saints - The Art of Hagiographical Writing of Gerald of Wales ISBN 978-3-96147-350-2 Stephanie Plass FAU UNIVERSITY PRESS 2020 FAU Stephanie Plass A Scholar and His Saints Examining the Art of Hagiographical Writing of Gerald of Wales FAU Studien aus der Philosophischen Fakultät Band 17 Herausgeber der Reihe: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sieges of Laugharne Castle Carmarthenshire Historical Assessment
    MEYSYDD BRWYDRO HANESYDDOL HISTORIC BATTLEFIELDS IN WALES YNG NGHYMRU The following report, commissioned by Mae’r adroddiad canlynol, a gomisiynwyd the Welsh Battlefields Steering Group and gan Grŵp Llywio Meysydd Brwydro Cymru funded by Welsh Government, forms part ac a ariennir gan Lywodraeth Cymru, yn of a phased programme of investigation ffurfio rhan o raglen archwilio fesul cam i undertaken to inform the consideration of daflu goleuni ar yr ystyriaeth o Gofrestr a Register or Inventory of Historic neu Restr o Feysydd Brwydro Hanesyddol Battlefields in Wales. Work on this began yng Nghymru. Dechreuwyd gweithio ar in December 2007 under the direction of hyn ym mis Rhagfyr 2007 dan the Welsh Government’sHistoric gyfarwyddyd Cadw, gwasanaeth Environment Service (Cadw), and followed amgylchedd hanesyddol Llywodraeth the completion of a Royal Commission on Cymru, ac yr oedd yn dilyn cwblhau the Ancient and Historical Monuments of prosiect gan Gomisiwn Brenhinol Wales (RCAHMW) project to determine Henebion Cymru (RCAHMW) i bennu pa which battlefields in Wales might be feysydd brwydro yng Nghymru a allai fod suitable for depiction on Ordnance Survey yn addas i’w nodi ar fapiau’r Arolwg mapping. The Battlefields Steering Group Ordnans. Sefydlwyd y Grŵp Llywio was established, drawing its membership Meysydd Brwydro, yn cynnwys aelodau o from Cadw, RCAHMW and National Cadw, Comisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Museum Wales, and between 2009 and Cymru ac Amgueddfa Genedlaethol 2014 research on 47 battles and sieges Cymru, a rhwng 2009 a 2014 comisiynwyd was commissioned. This principally ymchwil ar 47 o frwydrau a gwarchaeau. comprised documentary and historical Mae hyn yn bennaf yn cynnwys ymchwil research, and in 10 cases both non- ddogfennol a hanesyddol, ac mewn 10 invasive and invasive fieldwork.
    [Show full text]