6 X 10.Long New.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-17436-7 - Fiction and History in England, 1066-1200 Laura Ashe Index More information

Index

Adrian IV, pope 174 lack of later influence of 78 Aeneid performative text of 41À3 see Virgil political bias of 36, 40 Ailred of Rievaulx Benoˆit de Sainte-Maure 50 Genealogia regum Anglorum 52 Chronique desDucsdeNormandie 58, 67, 125 Vita S. Edwardi 29, 31À3, 52, 77 Bernard de Balliol, baron 102 Alexander III, pope 174, 176 Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint Alnwick, capture of William the Lion at 114 Vita sancti Malachiae 175 Althusser, Louis 27 borderlands ‘Angevin empire’ 97, 127, 157 see Scotland, borderland loyalties; Wales, see also cross-Channel cohesion, marcher society of; Vexin, historiography of the Norman Anglo-Norman historians 47, 58, 79 Brittany, relations with England of 155 see also Geffrei Gaimar; Henry of Broceliande, forest of 73À4 Huntingdon; Orderic Vitalis; Bury St Edmunds, praise of 87 William of Malmesbury Anglo-Norman literature, precocity of 23 Canterbury see also genre, literary Bayeux Tapestry connection of 36 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 5À6, 205À7 manuscript art of 40 Anselm, Saint, archbishop of Canterbury Chre´tien de Troyes 10, 73, 144 on language 17 Arthurian romances, fictionality of 24À5, on truth 119 144À5 antique romances Yvain 73, 118 see romans antiques, romans d’antiquite´ Common Law, the English 11À14, 103, 104 Arbroath, royal abbey of 115 communities, medieval 4 Arthurian literature 10 Copsi, Coxo, earl of Northumbria 44 see also Chre´tien de Troyes Couronnement de Louis, The 109 assize of novel disseisin, the 103 cross-Channel cohesion 3 Augustine, Saint, bishop of Hippo historiography of 95 on language 15À17 division of landholding 75, 96 on prophecy 166 literary reception and circulation 10 separatism 96À7 Bakhtin, Mikhail 134, 143 cultural utility, as a mode of analysis 19 barbarism, collocated with paganism 116À17, 156À7, 175 Deeds of the Normans in Ireland, The Barthes, Roland 18, 65 see Song of Dermot and the Earl, The Bayeux Tapestry, the 20À1, 35À47 ‘Description of England’, the Anglo-Norman as an Anglo-Norman production 37, 43À4 207À8 borders of 46À7 Diarmait Mac Murchada, king of Leinster 159, hermeneutic openness of 36À7, 44 160, 173, 195 interpretive silences of 37À8, 39À41 Domesday Book 48À9

240

Index 241

Domnall Mac Donnchada, king of Osraige Irish barbarism, representation of 161, 173, 183À5 177À9 Domnall Mo´r Ua Briain, king of Thomond 185 justification of conquest in 177, 192 Dunwich, defence of 88 prophecies of Merlin in 169 purposeful omission of events in 177, 187 Eadmer of Canterbury provincialism and family loyalty of 168, Historia Novorum 40 169À70, 185 Edgar Ætheling 44 Gesta Normannorum Ducum 57À8 Edith, queen of England, wife of Edward the Gilbert de Munfichet, baron 90 Confessor 28, 45 Gilbert of Louth, monk 195, 197, 199 Edward the Confessor, king of England 28, 31, Godwinesons, the, family of Earl Godwine 28, 45 39, 45 Gospatric fitz Orm, castellan 89 Edwin, Eadwine, earl of Mercia 44 Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of England 98, 125 H. de Saltrey, clerical writer English identity Tractatus de Purgatorio sancti Patricii 194À8 historiography of 7À9, 10À11, 94À5 representation of Irish barbarism in 196À7 pre-Conquest 3À5 habitus, anthropological theory of 14 relation with language of 8À9 Harley Psalter, the 40 see also Common Law, the English Harold Godwineson, king of England 39À41, 45 Espurgatoire Seint Patriz as an illegitimate king 31, 37 see Marie de France regarded as legitimate for purposes of exile-and-return, literary motif of 107, 110À12 prophecy 33 Expugnatio Hibernica Hasting, viking invader of northern France see Gerald of Wales 68À9 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 34, 66 Fornham, battle of 89, 91 Henry I, king of England 32, 49, 51, 76 Henry II, king of England 82, 91 Geffrei Gaimar as a foreign king 104À5 Estoire des Engleis 20, 58, 124, 207 as ‘fitz Empress’ 105 genre, literary 143 as legal reformer 11, 103 chansons de geste 57, 108À10, 165 as patron of literature 49À50, 67, 125À7 epic 134, 143 compared with Charlemagne 107 lyric 133, 134, 141À3, 144 doing penance at Becket’s tomb 114 romance English genealogy of 32, 52 Continental, characteristics of 144À6 lack of imperial ambition of 127 formation and origins of 134, 143À5 multiple identities of 52, 104À5, 107 insular, characteristics of 22, 23À4, 26, 107, policy for Ireland of 121, 187À9, 204 123À4, 146, 157 policy for Wales of 93, 171 love, as a structural principle of 144 racial address in the charters of 93 see also Bakhtin, Mikhail submission of the Irish kings to 188 Geoffrey, count of Nantes, brother of Henry II using mercenaries 92 128 Henry of Huntingdon 58 Geoffrey V, count of Anjou, father of Henry II on William the Conqueror 6 54, 57 Henry, the ‘Young King’ 57, 82, 99 Geoffrey of Monmouth heraldry 85 use of prophecy of 33, 166 Hervey de Montmorency, uncle of Richard fitz Historia regum Britanniae 24, 60À2, 124 Gilbert 178 comparison of the Vulgate and First history Variant versions 61 and hagiography 33À4 Gerald of Wales and topography 48À9, 59 Expugnatio Hibernica 26À7, 161À3, as a divine plan 77, 119 166À79 as textuality 15, 18, 34, 65À6, 117À18 moral interpretation in 167 see also Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich; Fortune in 167À9 Hugh of St Victor; Isidore of Seville; influence of 163 White, Hayden

242 Index

Hugh Bigod, first earl of Norfolk 89 nobility of townspeople and peasants in Hugh de Lacy, curial baron 190 88À9, 105 Hugh del Chastel, lord of Chaˆteauneuf-en- representation of London in 112 Thimerais 91 representations of Scottish atrocities in Hugh de Puiset, bishop of Durham 90 115À17 Hugh of Cyfeiliog, fifth earl of Chester 93 representation of the Flemings in 85À6, Hugh of St Victor 87À8 on history 18 representation of William the Lion in 85, Humphrey (III) de Bohun 89, 91, 101, 102, 111 101 structure of 105, 106À7, 114 ideology, definition and use of 19 use of ‘foreigners’ in 84À7, 90, 92, 110 images, image-making 16 versification of 106 Ireland adoption of Irish and Welsh saints by the Kundera, Milan 148 invaders of 186 as a colonial and post-colonial space 27, Lacan, Jacques 161, 205 192À4, 201À4 landholding causes of the English invasions of 173À4 as the source of nobility 59À60, 98, 119 connections with England of 160 revolutionized by the Conquest 12À13, 104 distinctive characteristics of the Church see also Domesday Book of 175 Laudabiliter 174 feudal structures in 190 Leicester, earl and countess of interpreters in 164, 181 see Robert de Breteuil; Petronilla de justification of the conquest of 104, Grandmesnil 176À80 Le´vi-Strauss, Claude 161 lay literacy in 164À5 London 112 nature of English lordship of 189À90 Lorca´n Ua Tuathail, Saint, archbishop of nature of the English invasions of Dublin 184 180À1, 188 Louis VII, king of France 82, 99 paradoxes in the conquest of 192 regarded as barbarous and uncivilized Mac Donnchada 174À7 see Domnall Mac Donnchada submission to Henry II of the kings of 188 Magna Carta 104 Treaty of Windsor regarding 188 Marie de France 165 see also Henry II, policy for Ireland of; Espurgatoire Seint Patriz, attrib. to Laudabiliter 198À201 Isidore of Seville representation of the Irish in 199À200 on historia 66 possible identity of 201 on truth 117À18 Maud, Matilda, Empress, wife of Geoffrey V of Anjou, mother of Henry II 32, 53, 105 Jameson, Fredric 154 Maud, Matilda, queen of England, wife of John de Courcy, lord of Ulster 186, 189À90 Henry I 32, 105 John, king of England, lord of Ireland 57, 193, Maurice de Prendergast, ‘of Osraige’ 183À5 204 Maurice fitz Gerald, uncle of Gerald of Wales Jordan Fantosme 56 167 Chronicle 21À2, 81À120, 207 Meiler fitz Henry, justiciar of Ireland 162 compared with chansons de geste 107À10 mercenaries, Brabanc¸on 92 Englishness expressed in 9, 89, 105 Morcar, earl of Northumbria 44 as providential history 117À20 Murchad Ua Brain, king of Dubthar, executed audience of 82À4 by Strongbow 182À3 barons loyal to Henry II, list of 111 compared with the Romance of Horn nationalism, historiography of 4 123, 154 see also English identity disapproval of ravaging in 98À102 Norman Conquest of England exile-and-return in 110À12 ambiguity in the justification of 172

Index 243

continental responses to 35 Raymond fitz William fitz Gerald, ‘le Gros’, effect on Normanitas of 56À7 cousin of Gerald of Wales 178 revolution in landholding of 12À13, 48À9, repetition, the creation of culture by means of 59À60, 104 112À13 traumatic effect of 3, 5À6 see also Thomas, poet, Romance of Normanitas 6À7, 55À7, 92À3 Horn, The paradoxically threatened by the Conquest Richard de Lucy, justiciar 100, 101À2, 105, 56À7, 78 111, 112 see also Wace, poet, Roman de Rou Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare, ‘Strongbow’, earl Northumberland, ravaging of 99À101 of Pembroke 90, 187À8 Norwich, capture of 110 Richard fitz Nigel, administrator and bishop of London 102 Odinel II d’Umfraville, baron 111 Richard I, king of England 57, 107 Odo, bishop of Bayeux and earl of Kent 36, 206 Richard of Ilchester, bishop of Winchester Orderic Vitalis 55, 57, 59 105, 111 on ravaging 108 Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy 49, 51, 54, Orosius, Paulus 74, 205À6 Historiarum adversus paganos libri septem Robert de Barry, baron, brother of Gerald of 166 Wales 162 Osbert of Clare Robert de Breteuil, third earl of Leicester 89, Vita Edwardi 29, 30À1 91, 102 Ovid, Publius Ovidius Naso Robert de Vaux, baron 111, 112 Fasti 132 Robert fitz Stephen, baron, uncle of Gerald of Heroides: Epistula Dido Aeneae Wales 162, 171, 187 Dido, representation of 133 Robert of Torigni 57 twelfth-century interpretations of 139 Roger Bigod, second earl of Norfolk 111 lovesickness tropes derived from 130À1, Roger de Breteuil, earl of Hereford 205 138À9 Roger Stuteville, sheriff of Northumberland 111 on Virgil’s Aeneid 132 Roman d’Eneas, The 26, 124À46 twelfth-century influence of 132, 133 ahistoricity of 134À5, 143, 145 gender theory applied to 128À9 paganism Dido, representation of 138À40 collocated with barbarism 116À17, 156À7, lyric and lament in 138, 141À3 175 manuscript tradition of 126 see also Thomas, poet, Romance of marvels in 135, 136À7 Horn, The Ovidian love tropes in 130À1, 138À9 Patrick, Saint 186, 195, 196, 199 tombs of Pallas and Camille in 136À7 Petronilla de Grandmesnil, countess of Leicester, twelfth-century colouring of 135À6 wife of Robert de Breteuil 90 sources of 130, 138 Philip, count of Flanders 99 romance points de capiton, Derridan, as a mode of see genre, literary analysis 2 Romance of Horn, The post-colonialism see Thomas, poet see Ireland, as a colonial and post-colonial romans antiques, romans d’antiquite´ 24, 124, 145 space as Angevin propaganda 125 prophecy Ruaidrı´ Ua Conchobair, king of Connacht, in the vitae of Edward the Confessor high-king of Ireland 184, 187 29À33 see also Geoffrey of Monmouth Scotland Orosius, Paulus atrocities, Latin chroniclers’ Gerald of Wales, Expugnatio Hibernica representations of 115À16 purgatory, twelfth-century invention of 195 borderland loyalties 89 connections with France 85 race and racism, medieval forms of 7, 192, 202 regarded as barbarous 116À17 Ranulf de Glanville, justiciar 111 see also Jordan Fantosme, Chronicle

244 Index

Song of Dermot and the Earl, The 27, 159À60, Vita Ædwardi 28À30, 45 180À7 ghosts in 159À60 Wace, poet 49, 124 ideology of conquest in 191, 193À4 as historian 54 lack of national bias in 181À3, 185, 186 Roman de Brut, The 50À1, 60À4, 98, 125 law in 194 manuscript contexts of 64, 126 manuscript and date of 163 Roman de Rou, The 21, 49À55, 65À80 representation of the Irish in 181À3 ‘Chronique ascendante’ 52À4 secularity of 164, 165À6 false start of 68À70 sources of 181 hostility toward Anjou in 54 spectre, ‘symbolic debt’ 47, 161 lack of success of 50À2 Stephen, king of England 53 later reception of 80 Stephen of Lexinton, abbot of Clairvaux Norman Conquest in 78 on the Irish 202À3 Normandy, origins of the name of Strongbow 79À80 see Richard fitz Gilbert Normanitas in 66À8, 70, 79À80 swords, legendary 57 textuality of 65À6, 71À2 sources of 58, 74 Thomas Becket, Saint, archbishop of Wales Canterbury 114, 115 Henry II’s policy for 171 Thomas, poet marcher society of 104, 171À2, 185 Romance of Horn, The 22, 26, 121À4, Waltheof, earl of Northumbria 44, 205 146À58 Waterford, capture of 177À9 Christian ideology of 147, 149À50 White, Hayden 18, 34 compared with Jordan Fantosme’s William the Conqueror, king of England, duke Chronicle 123, 154 of Normandy historicity of 146, 151, 158 as Edward the Confessor’s legitimate Horn, perfect character of 122À3, 147, 148 successor 31, 38, 79 language, truthfulness of 146À7, 149À50 intentions for his heirs 53, 96 love in 147, 151À3 nationalistic bias in descriptions of 38 pagans, representation of 156À7 negative assessment of 6 ravaging in 155À6 seeking to conciliate the English 44, 45 regional separatism in 154À6, 157 William d’Aubigny, first earl of Arundel 91, 111 repetition in 148À51 William d’Aubigny, second earl of Arundel 91 versification of 123 William II, ‘Rufus’, king of England 54, 205 Tinchebrai, Battle of 49 William IV, ‘the Lion’, king of Scotland 82, 99, Todorov, Tzvetan 143 101, 114, 115 Tractatus de Purgatorio sancti Patricii see also Jordan Fantosme, Chronicle see H. de Saltrey, clerical writer William of Jumie`ges 58 translation, twelfth-century practice of 130 William of Malmesbury as an English historian 58À9 Ua Briain on barbarism 117 see Domnall Mo´r Ua Briain on Ireland 177 on the Norman Conquest 38À9, 72 Vexin, the Norman 96À7 on saints’ bodies and other corpses 59, Virgil, Publius Vergilius Maro 137À8 Aeneid 132À3, 136 on William the Conqueror 38À9 as a source for the Roman d’Eneas 130 William, second earl of Gloucester 90À1 Dido, representation of 132 sublimation of grief in 141À2 Zˇ izˇek, Slavoj 19