NEP: WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT Talkot-Mahendranagar 400 KV Transmission Line

Resettlement Planning Document

Resettlement Plan Document Stage: Draft Project Number: 40919 November 2008

Prepared by West Seti Hydro Limited for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT

TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400 KV TRANSMISSION LINE

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

RESETTLEMENT PLAN

West Seti Hydro Limited 1611 Lamtangin Marg, Maharajgunj Kathmandu, Nepal

October 2008

Revision 4 (This version of the Resettlement Plan supersedes the one contained in Volume 2 of the EIA)

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4)

Table of Contents

LIST OF TABLES ...... IV

LIST OF FIGURES ...... V

LIST OF PHOTOS ...... V

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... VI

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... VII

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ...... 1-1 1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 1-3 1.3 PROJECT IMPACTS ...... 1-3 1.4 AIMS OF THE RESETTLEMENT PLAN ...... 1-3 1.5 METHODOLOGY ...... 1-4 1.6 STRUCTURE OF THE RESETTLEMENT PLAN ...... 1-7 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 2-1

2.1 PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 2-1 2.2 POWER TRANSMISSION ...... 2-1 2.3 TRANSMISSION LINE ROUTE ...... 2-1 2.4 TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN ...... 2-2 2.4.1 Towers ...... 2-2 2.4.2 Line Right-of-Way and Corridor Clearance ...... 2-2 2.5 TRANSMISSION LINE CONSTRUCTION...... 2-3 2.6 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ...... 2-4 2.6.1 Pre-Construction Activities ...... 2-4 2.6.2 Construction Activities ...... 2-5 2.6.3 Operational Inspections and Maintenance ...... 2-5 3. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT AREA POPULATION ...... 3-1

3.1 REGIONAL AND DISTRICT CONTEXT ...... 3-1 3.2 VDC/MUNICIPALITY CONTEXT ...... 3-1 3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURVEYED POPULATION ...... 3-2 3.3.1 Demographic Characteristics ...... 3-2 3.3.2 Social Characteristics ...... 3-4 3.3.3 Economic Characteristics ...... 3-5 3.3.4 Income and Expenditure ...... 3-7 3.3.5 Disadvantaged Groups and Gender Issues ...... 3-9 3.3.6 Poverty ...... 3-9 4. SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT ...... 4-1

4.1 EFFORTS TO MINIMISE LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT ...... 4-1 4.2 LAND REQUIREMENT ...... 4-2 4.3 HOUSEHOLDS AND POPULATION ...... 4-2 4.4 LAND ...... 4-5 4.4.1 Permanent Land Loss ...... 4-5 4.4.2 Clearing of Residential and Business Occupation in the RoW...... 4-7 4.4.3 Land Use Restrictions ...... 4-7

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4.5 LOSS OF BUILDINGS/STRUCTURES ...... 4-8 4.6 POPULATION DISPLACEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT...... 4-10 4.7 TREES ...... 4-12 4.8 COMMUNITY ASSETS AND RESOURCES ...... 4-13 4.8.1 Services and Facilities ...... 4-13 4.8.2 Community Forests ...... 4-13 5. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ...... 5-1

5.1 NATIONAL CONTEXT ...... 5-1 5.1.1 Constitutional Guarantees ...... 5-1 5.1.2 Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (1977) ...... 5-1 5.1.3 Land Act, 1964 ...... 5-3 5.1.4 National Policy on Land Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement ...... 5-3 5.1.5 Tenth Plan 2002-2007 ...... 5-5 5.1.6 Hydropower Development Policy, 2001 ...... 5-5 5.1.7 Local Self Governance Regulation, 2000 ...... 5-5 5.1.8 Compensation and Resettlement Practices on Transmission Line Projects in Nepal ...... 5-5 5.2 ADB POLICY GUIDELINES ...... 5-6 5.3 WSHEP APPROACH ...... 5-7 6. CONSULTATION AND PUBLIC DISCLOSURE ...... 6-1

6.1 CONSULTATION PROCESS ...... 6-1 6.1.1 Group Meetings ...... 6-1 6.1.2 Household Survey ...... 6-2 6.1.3 Information Sheets ...... 6-2 6.1.4 Major Issues Raised ...... 6-3 6.1.5 Public Hearings ...... 6-5 6.1.6 Follow-Up Presentation in Mahendranagar Municipality ...... 6-7 6.2 PLANS FOR FUTURE DISCLOSURE AND CONSULTATION ...... 6-8 6.2.1 EIA and RP Disclosure ...... 6-8 6.2.2 Consultation ...... 6-8 7. COMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT FRAMEWORK ...... 7-1

7.1 AFFECTED PERSONS AND CATEGORIES OF LOSS ...... 7-1 7.2 ASSET VERIFICATION AND COMPENSATION DETERMINATION AND PAYMENT ...... 7-1 7.3 ENTITLEMENTS ...... 7-2 7.3.1 Houses and Other Structures ...... 7-2 7.3.2 Land ...... 7-3 7.3.3 Trees and Crops ...... 7-5 7.3.4 Community Forests ...... 7-5 7.3.5 Community Facilities and Services ...... 7-5 7.4 REHABILITATION MEASURES ...... 7-5 7.4.1 Rehabilitation Allowances ...... 7-5 7.4.2 Livelihood Restoration Initiatives ...... 7-6 7.5 RESETTLEMENT FRAMEWORK...... 7-7 7.5.1 Approach ...... 7-7 7.5.2 Assistance with Preparation of Residential Bocks ...... 7-8 7.5.3 Resettlement Assistance in High Impact Villages ...... 7-8 7.5.4 Resettlement Assistance to Vulnerable Households ...... 7-9 7.5.5 Host Communities ...... 7-12

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8. INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...... 8-1

8.1 WSH RESETTLEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION ...... 8-1 8.1.1 Technical and Field Support Branch ...... 8-3 8.1.2 Resettlement Field Operations Branch ...... 8-6 8.1.3 Resettlement Housing and Special Projects ...... 8-7 8.2 RESETTLEMENT STEERING COMMITTEE AND DISTRICT COORDINATING COMMITTEES ...... 8-9 8.3 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION PROGRAMME ...... 8-10 8.3.1 Community Participation Structure ...... 8-10 8.3.2 Community Liaison Assistants ...... 8-12 8.3.3 Information Centres ...... 8-12 8.4 COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES ...... 8-13 8.5 GRIEVANCE AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION ...... 8-13 9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... 9-1

9.1 MONITORING FRAMEWORK ...... 9-1 9.2 PERFORMANCE MONITORING ...... 9-2 9.3 IMPACT MONITORING ...... 9-3 9.3.1 Standardised (Quantitative) Monitoring ...... 9-3 9.3.2 Participatory (Qualitative) Monitoring ...... 9-4 9.4 EVALUATION PANEL ...... 9-4 9.5 COMPLETION AUDIT ...... 9-5 9.6 REPORTING ...... 9-5 10. IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME ...... 10-1

11. RESETTLEMENT BUDGET ...... 11-1

11.1 COMPENSATION FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES...... 11-1 11.2 RESIDENTIAL SITE DEVELOPMENT ...... 11-1 11.3 LAND ACQUISITION AND DEVALUATION ...... 11-1 11.4 COMPENSATION FOR TEMPORARY LAND OCCUPATION ...... 11-1 11.5 COMPENSATION FOR TREE LOSSES ...... 11-1 11.6 ALLOWANCES ...... 11-2 11.7 EMPLOYMENT AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT ...... 11-2 11.8 MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION ...... 11-2 11.9 CONTINGENCIES ...... 11-2 12. REFERENCES ...... 12-1

13. APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS ...... 13-1

14. APPENDIX 2: HOUSEHOLDS TO BE RELOCATED ...... 14-1

15. APPENDIX 3: STRUCTURES TO BE RELOCATED ...... 15-1

16. APPENDIX 4: RELOCATED HOUSEHOLDS BY VILLAGE AND VDC ...... 16-1

17. APPENDIX 5: ENTITLEMENT MATRIX ...... 17-1

18. APPENDIX 6: MONITORING INDICATORS ...... 18-1

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LIS T OF TAB LE S

Table 2-1 Transmission Line Design Features ...... 2-2 Table 2-2: Vegetation Height Restrictions Within and Adjoining the Right-of-Way ...... 2-3 Table 2-3 Estimated Maximum Number of Staff ...... 2-4 Table 3-1: Length of Transmission Line through VDC/Municipalities ...... 3-1 Table 3-2: Population and Households in Project VDCs/Municipalities ...... 3-2 Table 3-3: Distribution of Surveyed Population and Households ...... 3-2 Table 3-4: Distribution of Surveyed Population by Broad Age Group ...... 3-3 Table 3-5: Caste and Ethnic Composition of the Surveyed Population...... 3-4 Table 3-6: Location of Surveyed Tharu, Dalit and Hill-ethnic Households ...... 3-4 Table 3-7: Literacy Status of the Surveyed Population, 6 Years and Older ...... 3-5 Table 3-8: Occupational Status of the Surveyed Population (15 Years and Older) ...... 3-5 Table 3-9: Distribution of Households by Landholding Size...... 3-6 Table 3-10: Landholding by Sex of Household Head ...... 3-6 Table 3-11: Landholding by Caste/Ethnic Group ...... 3-6 Table 3-12: Reported Crop Production and Yields...... 3-7 Table 3-13: Average Annual Income of the Surveyed Households ...... 3-8 Table 3-14: Absolute Poor Households by Caste/Ethnicity ...... 3-10 Table 4-1: Land Use Types Along the Transmission Line Route ...... 4-2 Table 4-2: Households Affected by Tower Construction and RoW Habitation Clearance ...... 4-3 Table 4-3: Affected Households by Landholding Size ...... 4-3 Table 4-4: Affected Population by Project Component ...... 4-4 Table 4-5: Affected Population by District and VDC/Municipality ...... 4-4 Table 4-6: Affected Population by Age Group ...... 4-4 Table 4-7: Affected Population by Caste/Ethnic Group ...... 4-5 Table 4-8: Affected Population (15 Years and Older) by Occupation ...... 4-5 Table 4-9: Private Land Required for Tower Pads ...... 4-6 Table 4-10: Permanent Land Loss by Landholding Size ...... 4-6 Table 4-11: Residential and Business Occupation in the RoW ...... 4-7 Table 4-12: Structures Affected by Establishment of the Transmission Line ...... 4-8 Table 4-13: Households Losing Structures by Caste/Ethnic Group ...... 4-9 Table 4-14: Affected Structures by Structure Type...... 4-9 Table 4-15: Affected Structures by Structure Use ...... 4-10 Table 4-16: Households and Population to be Relocated ...... 4-11 Table 4-17: Relocated Households by Caste/Ethnic Group ...... 4-11 Table 4-18: Relocated Population by Caste/Ethnic Group ...... 4-12 Table 4-19: Loss of Fruit Trees from Residential Land ...... 4-13 Table 4-20: Community Forests Along the Transmission Line Route ...... 4-14 Table 5-1: Resettlement Principles for the Talkot-Mahendranagar Transmission Line ...... 5-8 Table 6-1: Summary of Social Survey Fieldwork and Local Consultation ...... 6-2 Table 6-2: Attitude of Household Respondents Towards the Project ...... 6-4 Table 6-3: Respondents in Agreement with Statements about the Project ...... 6-4 Table 6-4: Response to Cash Compensation for House/Structure Losses ...... 6-5 Table 6-5: Response to Cash Compensation for Permanent Land Loss ...... 6-5 Table 6-6: Public Hearing Venues and Participants ...... 6-6 Table 7-1: Villages by Number of Relocated Households ...... 7-9 Table 7-2: Displaced Dalit and Indigenous Nationality Households by VDC ...... 7-10 Table 7-3: Displaced Dalit and Indigenous Nationality Households by Village ...... 7-10 Table 7-4: Displaced Female-Headed Households by Village ...... 7-11 Table 7-5: Displaced Households with Disabled Head by Village ...... 7-11

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Table 9-1: Monitoring Framework...... 9-2 Table 11-1: Resettlement Budget (Transmission Line) ...... 11-3 Table 11-2: Resettlement Budget (Reservoir and Downstream Project Components) ...... 11-4 Table 11-3: Resettlement Staff ...... 11-5

LIS T OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: General Location of the West Seti Hydroelectric Project ...... 1-1 Figure 1-2: Transmission Line Route ...... 1-2 Figure 1-3: Example of Household Referencing on Ortho-Photo Maps...... 1-5 Figure 1-4: Example of 1st Page of the Household Database ...... 1-6 Figure 5-1: Flowchart of the Land Acquisition Process ...... 5-2 Figure 8-1: Overall Social and Environmental Management Structure ...... 8-1 Figure 8-2: WSH Resettlement and Development Division ...... 8-2 Figure 8-3: RDD Organisational Setup ...... 8-8 Figure 8-4: Community Participation Structure ...... 8-11 Figure 8-5: Grievance Redress Procedure...... 8-14 Figure 10-1: Implementation Schedule ...... 10-2

LIST OF PHOTOS

Photo 3-1: Cultivation Land Opposite Power Station Site ...... 3-7 Photo 3-2: Terai Cultivation Land ...... 3-7 Photo 4-1: Example of a House to be Relocated from the RoW ...... 4-10

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BNI Basic Needs Income CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CDC Compensation Determination Committee CDO Chief District Officer CPI Consumer Price Index DCC District Coordinating Committee DDC District Development Committee DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation DoED Department of Electricity Development EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan FWDR Far-Western Development Region GoN Government of Nepal GWh Gigawatt hour kV Kilovolt LAA Land Acquisition Act MoEST Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology MoFSC Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment MoWR Ministry of Water Resources MT Metric Tonne MW Megawatt NEFIN Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities NPC National Planning Commission NR Nepal Rupee PDBC Plant Design and Build Contractor PPA Power Purchase Agreement RoW Right of Way RP Resettlement Plan RSC Resettlement Steering Committee SCI Shah Consult International (P) Ltd STD Sexually Transmitted Disease VDC Village Development Committee WB World Bank WSH West Seti Hydro Ltd WSHEP West Seti Hydroelectric Project

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction (Chapters 1 and 2)

The West Seti Hydroelectric Project (WSHEP) is a 750 MW storage scheme (at rated net head) proposed on the Seti River in the Far Western Development Region of Nepal. The dam site is located 67 km upstream of the confluence of the Seti River with the Karnali River. The WSHEP will generate electrical energy throughout the year, storing excess wet season river flows in a reservoir and using this water to generate energy during daily peak electricity demand periods. The electricity will be exported to India under a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA), initialled in 2003 with Power Trade Corporation India Ltd (now PTC India Ltd) and earn considerable export revenue for the project owner and the Government of Nepal (GoN).

Power evacuation from the West Seti switchyard will occur via the proposed 400 kV double circuit transmission line to the Atamanda substation in Uttar Pradesh (India), owned and operated by Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. The proposed route is 132.5 km long in Nepal, running from the Talkot switchyard in Doti District, across Dadelhura, Kailali and Kanchanpur Districts to the Nepal-India border at Mahendranagar. The line extends a further 98 km in India from the border to the Atamanda substation, 22 km north of Bareilly. Project implementation in Nepal is scheduled to take 38 months, consisting of a 14 month pre-construction phase and a 24 month construction and commissioning phase.

The WSHEP is a Build Own Operate Transfer (BOOT) scheme. The project sponsor is SMEC who currently own 100% of the project company, West Seti Hydro Limited (WSH), a private company registered in Nepal.

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for all components of the WSHEP except the transmission line was completed in 2000 in accordance with the requirements of GoN. The EIA provided an initial assessment of the proposed transmission line, primarily to identify the main environmental issues associated with this line. The EIA was approved by the then Ministry of Population and Environment (MoPE) in 2000. An EIA for the proposed transmission line, as required in terms of Schedule 2 of the Environment Protection Rules (EPR) of 1997, was prepared in 2007.

The EIA provides a description of the project’s potential social and environmental impacts. The most important social impacts are the acquisition of land and associated livelihood impacts, population displacement and impacts on a relatively small number of vulnerable households (low caste Dalits and households from indigenous groups).

The overall aim of the Resettlement Plan (RP) is to ensure that the following project impacts are addressed: (a) loss of land and other privately-owned assets, and impacts on livelihoods; (b) population displacement; (c) loss of community assets and facilities; and (d) collective adverse impacts on groups/social categories who because of their social position may be vulnerable to changes brought about by project activities, or who may be excluded from its benefits.

The RP presents: (a) details of asset losses; (b) compensation principles and the legal framework applicable for mitigation of losses; (c) an Entitlement Matrix based on the anticipated impacts and losses; and (d) an institutional framework and budget for the implementation and monitoring of the resettlement programme.

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Overview of the Project Area Population (Chapter 3)

The project is located in four districts of the Far Western Development Region (FWDR): Doti, Dadeldhura, Kailali and Kanchanpur. Doti and Dadeldhura are in the hill ecological zone while Kailali and Kanchanpur are in the Terai. The districts are further divided into Village Development Committees (VDCs) and municipalities.

The transmission line crosses 19 VDCs and two municipalities: six VDCs in Doti District, six VDCs and one municipality in Dadeldhura District, four VDCs and one municipality in Kanchanpur District and three VDCs in Kailali District. In terms of transmission line length, the VDCs/municipalities that could be considered to be most affected are Jhalari (13.75 km of the line), Sahajpur (12.85 km), Godawari (12.53 km), Krishnapur (11.15 km), Chhatiwan (9.87 km), Amargadhi Municipality (8.65 km), Malakheti (8.17 km) and Mahendranagar Municipality (8.03 km). VDCs that are only marginally affected are Pachnali, Barpata, Manilek and Kailpalmandu.

VDCs Crossed by the Transmission Line TL TL VDC/ VDC/ District Length District Length Municipality Municipality (km) (km) Doti Banlek 6.180 Dadeldhura Mastamandu 4.800 Chhatiwan 9.875 Ganeshpur 1.860 Ghanteswor 6.580 Asigram 8.080 Latamandu 5.630 Gangkhet 3.310 Pachnali 0.080 Manilek 0.300 Barpata 0.130 Kailpalmandu 0.500 Kanchanpur Mahendranagar Municipality 8.025 Amargadhi Municipality 8.650 Suda 3.750 Kailali Malakheti 8.170 Daiji 5.860 Godawari 12.530 Jhalari 13.750 Sahajpur 12.850 Krishnapur 11.150

A socio-economic census survey was undertaken of 351 households located in or proximate to the transmission line RoW. Of the surveyed households, 329 were headed by males and 22 by females. The total population of the surveyed households was 2,322, with females constituting 47.1% of the surveyed population. The surveyed population comprised 29.2% children (0-14 years), 63.9% people in the economically active category (15-59 years) and 6.9% aged people (above 60 years).

Chhetri, Brahmin (hill) and Dalit (occupational castes) are the major caste/ethnic groups amongst the surveyed population. Chhetri form the largest group (42.5%), followed by Brahmin (25.1%), occupational castes (10.3%), Thakuri (8.8%) and the Tharu indigenous group (8%). Hill ethnic groups constitute 2.8% of the surveyed population.

Nearly 21% of surveyed population aged six years and above is illiterate. The gender gap in literacy is wide, with illiteracy among women being threefold that of men.

The major livelihood earning activities of the surveyed households are agriculture, service, labour and business, with agriculture recorded as the main occupation of nearly 51% of the economically-active population (15 years and older). Only 43% of men, compared to 61% of women, were recorded as engaged in agriculture as their main occupation. On the other hand, 17.3% of men, as opposed to less than 2% of women, were involved in the service sector.

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The surveyed households own and operate a reported total of 266.92 ha of land. All households reported at least some amount of operational land but none reported ownership of private forests. Of the surveyed households, 54.4% are ‘marginal’ holders with landholdings up to 0.5 ha and 41% are ‘small’ with landholdings of between 0.5 ha and 2.0 ha. These two categories comprise 95% of the surveyed households, with less than 5% of the households reporting landholdings larger than 2.0 ha. The average landholding size of the surveyed households is 0.760 ha. The average landholding of male-headed household is 0.780 ha compared to 0.465 ha for female-headed households.

Paddy, wheat, potatoes and maize are the main cereal crops cultivated by the surveyed households. Other crops include millet and pulses. Animal husbandry is also an important subsistence activity and source of income. Households rear cattle, goats, buffalo, sheep and poultry.

The main sources of income of the surveyed households are agriculture, animal husbandry and other off- farm (non-agricultural) activities. Off-farm activities include professional services, petty trade, cottage industry, pensions, wage labour, sale of non-timber forest products and remittances.

The weighted average annual income of the surveyed households is NRs 91,674. Off-farm activities, especially seasonal labour in India, are the main source of income for these households, contributing 51.9% of their total income. Agriculture and livestock account for 37.1% and 11%, respectively, of total household income. Annual household incomes differ by caste/ethnic group. Tharu households have the lowest reported average annual income (NRs 56,838), followed by Janajati households (NRs 61,533) and Dalit households (NRs 69,305). The average annual income of Chhetri households is NRs 96,555, while that of Thakuri households (a special group within the Chettri caste) is NRs 123,994. The Brahmin households have an average annual income of NRs 104,478. Difference in income by sex of the household head is also evident among the surveyed households. The annual reported income of male-headed households is NRs 92,801 while that of female-headed households is NRs 74,350.

Using adjusted per-capita income figures as determined by the basic needs income (BNI) approach, an estimated 150 (42.7%) of the surveyed households would be classified as absolute poor, with the incidence of poverty higher amongst Dalit, Tharu and female-headed households.

Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement (Chapter 4)

Efforts to Minimise Land Acquisition and Resettlement

The EIA describes the alternatives that were considered for the transmission line alignment and design so as to avoid or minimise environmental and social impacts. In this regard, a key component of the EIA was the provision of input into transmission line route selection and design. Input was provided to ensure that adverse social and environmental impacts were avoided at the outset wherever possible, or, where unavoidable, were mitigated by adopting a low impact route and line design. The transmission line design engineer and EIA team collaborated to ensure that alternative low impact designs were considered and adopted where appropriate. This included route selection and refinement to avoid settlements/villages, individual households and community facilities such a schools as far as possible.

Three different transmission line route options were initially developed based on the following factors: (a) least cost (route length minimisation, ease of construction and maintenance); (b) line reliability (minimal risk of line outage, ability to rapidly repair the line if damaged); (c) avoidance of significant environmental features (particularly the Shuklaphata Wildlife Reserve); and (d) avoidance of significant socio-economic features (large settlements, villages, individual houses, businesses, industry, infrastructure, other developments).

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The preferred route ( Option 2), running in close proximity to major roads, was selected principally due to good access available from sealed roads and the avoidance of an unstable crossing of the Sarda River in India. The crossing of the Shuklaphata Wildlife Reserve could not be avoided but a low impact alignment was achievable. Another critical feature that the preferred route had to negotiate is Mahendranagar Township. An alignment to the south of the town was rejected due to the narrow strip of land available between town and the Wildlife Reserve. Accordingly, the alignment was located to the north of Mahendranagar Township and set back at least 1 km north of the Mahendra Rajmarg on less densely settled land where possible.

The selected route was refined by map and air photo interpretation and field investigation. Google Earth images, where available at sufficient resolution, were used to identify new houses, other developments and forest cover changes over the last decade and the route was adjusted to avoid these features. The route was further adjusted based on social field investigations along the proposed RoW. These investigations resulted in slight alignment modifications to avoid two primary schools and one secondary school in the Terai, as well as numerous houses in a relatively new settlement (not shown on any of the available mapping) for previously bonded labourers.

WSH is committed to avoid or minimise involuntary resettlement wherever possible and will continue focus on this objective during the detailed design stage. However, given the design requirements of the transmission line and settlement patterns in the project area, particularly in the Terai, it is unlikely that further substantial reduction in involuntary resettlement could be achieved.

Project Land Requirement

The transmission line will affect 624.6 ha of land. This area consists of 609.6 ha in the 46 m RoW of the transmission line and up to 15 ha to be leased for temporary construction camps and storage facilities. Out of the 609.6 ha falling in the RoW, 5.1 ha will be permanently acquired for the construction of 356 tower pads, constituting 0.82% of the total land affected by the project. The remaining 604.5 ha within the RoW will have land use restrictions imposed as discussed in the relevant sections below.

Approximately 224.48 ha (36.8%) of the land in the RoW is private agricultural and residential land.

Affected Households and Population

An estimated 296 households (274 headed by males and 22 by females) will be directly affected by construction of the transmission line. The figure includes households affected by land acquisition at the tower sites as well as households currently living (and in some cases operating a business) in the RoW. It excludes owners of cultivation or unoccupied land in the RoW. This latter group of owners, who will have restrictions placed on the use of their land within the RoW, will be confirmed during the final design stage.

Of the 296 households, 143 (48.3%) will be affected by tower pad construction and 153 (51.7%) by the requirement to have the RoW cleared of buildings and structures. Most (49.3%) of the affected population is from the Chhetri (including Thakuri) caste group, followed by Brahmin (27.1%), the Dalit occupational caste (11.4%) and the Tharu indigenous group (8%).

The 296 affected households consist of 2,048 people, 1,087 males (53.1%) and 961 females (46.9%). Of the affected population, 1,482 (72.4%) is located in Kanchanpur District, 313 (15.3%) in Kailali District, 172 (8.4%) in Doti District and 81 (3.9%) in Dadeldhura District. Nearly one-quarter of the affected population is from Kanchanpur Municipality.

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Nearly 30% of the affected population is in the 4-14 years age group, 67.0% in the 15-64 years age group and 3.5% in the 65 years and older age group. Half of the affected population 15 years and older are involved in agriculture and animal husbandry as their main occupations. Nearly 10% (mainly women) reported domestic work as their main occupation, which is likely to include household agricultural and animal husbandry activities. Just over 18% were reported to be involved in service and wage labour activities both inside and outside Nepal.

The 296 affected households own a reported total of just over 229 ha of land. Nearly 56% of the households have landholdings of 0.5 ha or smaller, while a further 24.3% have landholdings between 0.5 ha and 1 ha. Only 5% have landholdings of 2 ha or larger.

Permanent Land Loss

Approximately 1.5 ha of private land will be permanently acquired for the construction of 105 of the 356 tower pads. The highest loss will occur in Mahendranagar Municipality (0.32 ha), Daiji VDC (0.20 ha) and Jhalari VDC (0.20 ha), Malakheti VDC (0.19 ha), Krishnapur VDC (0.16 ha) and Suda VDC (0.14 ha). Of the four project districts, Kanchanpur will suffer the highest loss of private land (1.02 ha), followed by Kailali (0.29 ha), Doti (0.16 ha) and Dadeldhura (0.2 ha).

Permanent acquisition of private land for tower construction will affect 143 households. On average, each affected household will lose approximately 0.01 ha of land. Of the 1.5 ha of private land that will be permanently acquired, 23.3% belongs to households with landholdings of 0.25 ha or smaller, 22.4% to households with landholdings between 0.25 ha and 0.50 ha and the remaining 54.3% to households with landholdings larger than 0.5 ha. Only one of the 38 households with landholdings of 0.25 ha or smaller will lose more than 10% of its total landholding. Of the remaining 37 marginal landholders, 34 will lose between 5% and 10% of their total landholdings, while three will lose less than 5%. None of the remaining 105 households affected by construction of the tower pads will lose more than 10% of their total landholding.

Clearing of Residential and Business Occupation in the RoW

Approximately 0.81 ha of land in the RoW is currently occupied for residential or business purposes and will have to be cleared of human habitation. This requirement will affect an estimated 139 households. The concerned owners will retain title of the land but land use restrictions will apply.

Land Use Restrictions in the RoW

Land use restrictions will apply to all land within the transmission line RoW. For the approximately 222 ha of private land in the RoW (excluding the 1.5 ha that will be permanently acquired for the tower sites), these restrictions are primarily: (a) no houses or other structures permitted; (b) no vegetation above 3 m height; and (c) no storage of flammable/explosive materials. Business activities such as vehicle parking or the storage of non-flammable/explosive materials below 3 m height will be permitted, as will residential yards, house gardens and the cultivation of cereal crops and other vegetation below 3 m height.

The value of private land within the RoW may be reduced due to the imposition of these restrictions. This impact will be relatively small on agricultural land and in the Hill districts but higher in urban areas such as Mahendranagar and in the Terai VDCs located close to the Mahendra Rajmarg. In Mahendranagar Municipality, through which 9 km of the route passes, land use restrictions will be placed on approximately 41.5 ha of private land within the RoW, some of which is residential or has potential for residential development.

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Loss of Buildings and Structures

The construction of the transmission line will involve the removal of 284 structures: 75 will be affected by tower pad construction and 209 by RoW establishment. Most of the building/structure losses will occur in the two Terai districts of Kanchanpur and Kailali. About 79% of the total loss will occur in Kanchanpur District, with Mahendranagar Municipality alone accounting for more than 33% of the loss.

The structures are owned by 204 households. Nearly 71% (201) of the affected structures are used for residential purposes, 8.4% (24) for business purposes and 20.8% (59) for other uses such as cow sheds and fuelwood storage areas. The 201 residential houses are owned by 186 households. The 24 businesses are mainly tea shops, restaurants, grocery shops and fabric/sewing/tailor shops.

Of the 284 affected structures, 266 (93.7%) are owned by the resident households, eight are rented and six are occupied by squatters. Eleven of the 266 owned structures belong to female-headed households, nine of whom will lose residential houses.

Population Displacement and Resettlement

An estimated 186 households, with a total population of 1,256, will have to relocate their residences due to the acquisition of houses. Of these, 95 (51.1%) belong to the Chhetri and Thakuri caste group, 51 (27.4%) to the Brahmin, 19 (10.2%) to the Tharu, 15 (8.1%) to the Dalit and six (3.2%) to others including hill ethnic groups. These households are located in approximately 60 villages.

The impact of population displacement will be greater in the Terai VDCs/municipalities. In particular, Mahendranagar Municipality and Krishnapur, Jhalari, Daiji and Malakheti VDCs will have the highest number of relocations.

No household is expected to leave its community due to the loss of land and/or other property. However, there are six squatter households who may need special attention: two in Mahendranagar Municipality, two in Krishnapur VDC, one in Jhalari VDC and one in Malakheti VDCs. Four of these households belong to the Chhetri group while one each belongs to the Hill Ethnic and Dalit groups.

Loss of Trees

An estimated 72 fruit trees located on land required for the tower pads or on residential plots within the RoW will be removed during the construction of the transmission line. Since the present survey only covered residential/ business properties in the RoW, additional trees located on other private land in the RoW will be affected.

Community Resources and Facilities

Apart from a one-roomed child care centre in Daiji VDC, no community facilities or services, or sites of known historical value, will be affected by construction of the transmission line.

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Consultation and Disclosure (Chapter 6)

A consultation programme was undertaken during preparation of the EIA and RP, as detailed in Chapter 6 of the report. This included group meetings with men and women from communities along the transmission line route, a comprehensive household socio-economic questionnaire survey, the distribution of information sheets and a programme of public hearings. More than 1,770 people attended the various VDC/Ward and community group meetings, while 302 people attended the two public hearings.

In the household survey, more than 85% of the 296 affected households were positive about the project, with only 4% registering a negative response and the remaining either neutral or unsure about the project. A number of speakers at the public hearings, particularly at the Mahendranagar hearing, felt that sections of the route should be realigned, either for environmental or social reasons. At the Mahendranagar hearing it was stated that the route should be realigned further to the north so as to avoid impacts on settlement areas within the Municipality and within VDCs in Kanchanpur District.

A number of speakers, particularly at the Mahendranagar hearing, were opposed to a project recommendation to pay owners with land in the ROW that will not be acquired by the project an amount equivalent to 10% of the value of the portion within the ROW as compensation for the possible devaluation of the land. Some stated that the percentage should be increased, while others demanded payment to the value of 100% (i.e. full compensation).

Other issues that were raised in group meetings and at the public hearings included: the need for proper arrangements for low-caste Dalit households, employment and training, rural electrification, impacts on the Shuklaphata Wildlife Reserve and reforestation and forest-related programmes.

On 8 July 2008, a follow-up workshop presentation was made to government officials, landowners and other stakeholders in the Mahendranagar area. The aim of the workshop was to fully explain the transmission line route selection process and the proposed resettlement and compensation measures to the stakeholders. The main issues raised by the stakeholders were (a) use of an alternative route to avoid either Mahendranagar Municipality completely or areas near the Mahendra Rajmarg near Mahendranagar, as well as Shuklaphata Wildlife Reserve; and (b) adequate compensation for right-of- way (RoW) land use restrictions and other losses of affected people. Many comments asking that one of the other routes be used appeared to be founded on a fear that compensation for affected land will not be paid or it will be inadequate, as has been the case for past easements through the area. Once a presentation and discussion on compensation had occurred, some people were satisfied that they would be adequately compensated.

As a stand-alone volume of the EIA, the RP will be displayed in the DDC offices of the four affected districts, the Central Library of Tribhuvan University, MoWR and MoEST libraries and the WSH project office in Kathmandu, immediately after submission to the government. MoEST will publish a 30-day public notice in a national daily newspaper disclosing the submission of the EIA by WSH and calling for comment.

Further disclosure of the RP will take place during the pre-construction phase of the project. This will include the distribution of a brochure in Nepali covering all pertinent project issues, as well as a Nepali

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version of the RP Executive Summary. The disclosure process will also involve WSH staff re-engaging with affected communities so that they are fully aware of the project’s impacts, entitlements and other mitigation measures.

WSH will also establish its own website where the RP will be lodged. The RP will also be disclosed on the ADB website and WSH will circulate the RP to all relevant local government offices. Finally, information offices will be established at appropriate locations in each of the project districts where all relevant project documentation will be accessible to the public.

Compensation and Rehabilitation (Chapter 7)

The following resettlement principles have been prepared for the project, based on ADB policies and local practice, to guide project preparation and implementation:

• Principle 1: Population displacement and resettlement will be minimised wherever possible. • Principle 2: All Project impacts will be identified and all losses properly recorded. • Principle 3: Land acquisition, resettlement planning, budgeting and implementation will be an integral part of the Project. • Principle 4: Ongoing and meaningful public consultation will occur. • Principle 5: Affected persons will be assisted to restore, and ultimately to improve, their livelihoods. • Principle 6: Vulnerable groups will be specifically catered for. • Principle 7: Host communities will be considered as Project-affected parties. • Principle 8: Grievance and monitoring procedures will be in place. • Principle 9: Resettlement planning will take account of the regional socio-economic development context. • Principle 10: Resettlement planning and implementation will comply with all legal and policy provisions.

Entitlement Matrix

An Entitlement Matrix has been prepared for the project, designed to ensure fair and prompt compensation for losses attributed to the project. The Matrix describes compensation principles and entitlements for: (a) houses and other structures; (b) land; (c) trees and crops; and (d) community facilities.

Houses/structures. Owners of houses and other structures to be moved from the tower sites and RoW will be compensated in cash at replacement cost. This will include titleholders, tenants and any squatters occupying public land at the time of the eligibility cut-off date (i.e. census). No depreciation will be applied. Vulnerable households will be assisted with construction of replacement housing, if requested. Owners will have the right to salvage materials from the affected buildings. The value of salvaged materials will not be deducted from the final compensation amount.

Permanent land loss. Titleholders will be compensated for all permanent land losses at full replacement cost. They will also be provided with additional compensation to the value of 20% of their acquired landholding as a direct project benefit.

Additionally, titleholders with total landholdings of 0.25 ha or smaller who lose more than 10% of their landholdings, and titleholders with total landholdings above 0.25 ha who lose more than 25% of their landholdings will be entitled to a cultivation disruption allowance. As shown earlier, it is currently

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estimated that only one of the 143 households affected by permanent land acquisition for tower pad construction will lose more than 10% of its landholding.

A titleholder who loses more than 75 % of a land parcel or total landholding will have the option to relinquish the remainder of that parcel or landholding, in return for cash compensation at replacement cost.

Land in the RoW currently occupied for residential/business purposes. Owners currently occupying titled land in the transmission line RoW for residential or business purposes, and who are therefore required to relocate, will retain title/ownership of the land but prohibited from constructing structures on the land. They will be compensated at replacement cost for the affected land (as described above) and will retain ownership of the affected land. The following land use restrictions will apply to the portions of land in question: (a) no structures (houses or other buildings); (b) no vegetation above 3 m height; and (c) no storage of flammable or explosive materials. Residential yards and house gardens and the cultivation of cereal crops will be allowed, as will some business activities.

Compensation for land use restrictions in the RoW. Titled owners of land in the RoW on which land use restrictions will be placed will receive compensation to the value of at least 10% of the affected portion/lot for the application of these restrictions. Most of the land in question is agricultural land. However, in the case of higher value land (e.g. unoccupied residential land in peri-urban areas) a higher percentage will be negotiated. Compensation for land use restrictions will not be applicable to land currently utilised for residential or business purposes, since the concerned owners (all of whom will be required to relocate from the RoW) will receive full compensation for – and retain ownership of – these residential/business plots.

In certain cases it may be necessary to provide full compensation for land parcels in the RoW due to the prohibition on the building of structures (e.g. for unoccupied land registered for residential/business purposes in some areas of Mahnedranagar Municipality). This will be assessed on a case-by-case basis by the concerned Compensation Determination Committee. The 20% project benefit will not be applicable in such cases. Any such land for which full compensation is paid will become the property of WSH. As the titled owner of the land, WSH may lease it back to community members for approved uses or sell it with the land use restrictions.

Compensation for trees and crops. Compensation will be paid for the permanent loss of fruit trees based on five years annual net production and for timber/fuelwood trees and other perennial crops at three years annual net production. All resources from privately-owned trees that are removed (e.g. fruit and wood) will remain the property of the owner. As far as possible, construction works will be planned to allow the harvesting of perennial and non-perennial crops before land is acquired. Where crops cannot be harvested or the destruction of crops is unavoidable, cash compensation equal to one season’s yield will be paid based on crop type, cropping intensity and the maximum yield of the affected land.

Community facilities/ services and resources. Apart from a one-roomed school structure at Daiji, the project is not anticipated to have an impact on community buildings and facilities. The school structure will be replaced in an area identified in consultation with the affected community and relevant authorities, as will any other community facility that may subsequently be affected by project developments.

Compensation for tree loss from community forests will be provided in the form of either tree plantings or support programmes, designed in consultation with affected user groups. These consultations will be formally recorded to ensure equitable access to support programmes and measures.

Resettlement and rehabilitation allowances. The Entitlement Matrix makes provision for the payment of the following allowances to various categories of affected persons: (a) shifting/evacuation allowances; (b)

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displacement allowances; (c) rehabilitation allowances for vulnerable households; (d) cultivation disruption allowances; (e) rental stipends; and (f) allowances for the loss of employment.

Resettlement Framework

The resettlement framework has mainly been determined by the fact that the project is a linear development with the following project characteristics: (a) permanent land acquisition is small (approximately 1.5 ha of land) and will be spread across many VDCs along the transmission line route; (b) affected households (those who will suffer permanent land losses, those on whom some restrictions on the use of their land in the RoW will be placed, and those who have to be relocated for project developments) will have easy access to their remaining landholdings outside and inside the RoW; and (c) the transmission line will only be a minor barrier to the movement of people.

The preferred resettlement approach will therefore be local relocation of displaced households within their existing settlements. This has the benefit of allowing displaced households continued use of their remaining landholdings and the maintenance of their existing social support networks. It also avoids many of the psychological stresses associated with involuntary resettlement to new areas.

Various implementation arrangements will occur to provide assistance to relocated households, including vulnerable households, with their relocation and rehabilitation. This will include: (a) a social preparation programme to assist affected households to plan for the changes that the project will have on their lives and livelihoods; (b) the appointment of staff within WSH’s Resettlement and Development Division to oversee the rehabilitation and livelihood restoration/diversification of affected households, including vulnerable groups; (c) training programmes in agriculture extension, poultry farming, buffalo farming and vegetable farming; and (d) the implementation of a preferential employment policy and strategy with the aim of optimising employment for project-affected people on construction activities.

Organisational and Monitoring Arrangements (Chapters 8 and 10)

WSH will be directly responsible for the implementation, management and supervision of the project, including environmental and social management. Specific management tasks will be contracted to a number of companies and an independent Evaluation Panel will be convened by WSH to ensure a high standard of implementation.

Key institutional and organisational arrangements for the management of social and resettlement activities include: (a) a Resettlement Steering Committee; (b) a Resettlement and Development Division (RDD) within WSH; (c) three project Resettlement Field Offices for the reservoir area, the transmission line and Terai resettlement areas (for households relocated from the reservoir area); (d) a system of committees representing affected communities; (e) district-level coordinating committees; (f) grievance redress procedures and mechanisms; and (g) a monitoring programme to measure the attainment of resettlement and livelihood restoration goals.

Resettlement Cost Estimate (Chapter 11)

The total resettlement cost estimate is US$ 3.5535 million, as summarised in the attached table. The budget includes: (a) capital costs, comprising compensation for the loss of private assets and for other entitlements; and (b) operating costs, comprising costs for support to district land revenue departments, for committees and community liaison, for training programmes and for NGO involvement. Costs for WSH’s Resettlement and Development Division (RDD) as well as for monitoring and evaluation (totalling US$ 14.4049 million) are included in the RP for the reservoir area and downstream project components, since the RDD will manage the resettlement programme for the project as a whole. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 XVI

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Resettlement Budget Cost/ Total No./ Resettlement Cost Item Unit Unit Cost Size (US$) (US$ M) 1 REPLACEMENT OF PRIVATELY-OWNED BUILDINGS

Houses (201) m2 5,639 143 0.8064 Business (24) m2 490 143 0.0701 Livestock shed (58) m2 580 48 0.0278 School shed (1) m2 100 143 0.0143 Sub-Total 0.9186 2 RESIDENTIAL SITE DEVELOPMENT Replacement toilets number 186 159 0.0296 Replacement water supply number 186 159 0.0296 Improved cooking stoves number 186 32 0.0060 Residential site development number 186 1,000 0.1860 Sub-Total 0.2511 3 LAND ACQUISITION AND DEVALUATION Private land at tower sites ha 2 10,485 0.0210 Residential land in ROW ha 5 10,485 0.0524 Compensation for land use restrictions in ROW (10% of comp. value) ha 180 1,049 0.1888 Compensation for building restrictions in ROW high value areas (10%) ha 35 5,349 0.1872 Allowance for full compensation of residential land in high value areas ha 6 53,494 0.3210 20% project benefit ha 7 1,049 0.0073 Purchasing of severed/unecon. land parcels; comp. for standing crops ha 22 10,485 0.2307 Government land revenue on acquired land 0.0625 Sub-Total 1.0709 4 LEASING OF TEMPORARILY ACQUIRED LAND Leasing of cultivation land during construction (3 years) ha 15 794 0.0357 5 COMPENSATION FOR TREE REMOVAL Government and community forests ha 139 1,440 0.2002 Private trees trees 350 200 0.0700 Sub-Total 0.2702 6 ALLOWANCES Evacuation/shifting allowance household 186 100 0.0186 Displacement household 186 318 0.0591 Rehabilitation allowance vulnerable households household 99 500 0.0495 Cultivation disruption allowance household 27 635 0.0171 Rental allowance - tenants household 8 80 0.0006 Allowance for permanent loss of labour person 13 150 0.0020 Sub-Total 0.1470 7 EMPLOYMENT AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT Preferential employment and training programme 0.1000 Local development and contracted NGOs 0.4600 Sub-Total 0.5600 8 MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION* Support to land revenue offices/asset verification exercise 0.1000 Community participation 0.2000 Note: management and monitoring costs included in Reservoir RP Sub-Total 0.3000 9 TOTAL COST** 3.5535 * Management and administration of the project’s resettlement programme have been budgeted for in the main Reservoir Area RP. ** A 10% contingency have been included in overall project budget.

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1. INTR ODUCTION

1.1 P roject B ackground

The West Seti Hydroelectric Project (WSHEP) is a 750 MW storage scheme proposed on the Seti River in the Far Western Development Region of Nepal. The dam site is located 67 km upstream of the confluence of the Seti River with the Karnali River (Figure 1-1). The WSHEP will generate electrical energy throughout the year, storing excess wet season river flows in a reservoir and using this water to generate energy during daily peak electricity demand periods. The electricity will be exported to India under a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA), initialled in 2003 with Power Trade Corporation India Ltd (now called PTC India Ltd), and earn considerable export revenue for the project owner (West Seti Hydro Ltd) and the Government of Nepal (GoN).

Figure 1-1: General Location of the West Seti Hydroelectric Project

Power evacuation from the West Seti switchyard will occur via the proposed 400 kV double circuit transmission line to the Atamanda substation in Uttar Pradesh (India), owned and operated by Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.1 The proposed route is 132.5 km long in Nepal, running from the Talkot switchyard in Doti District, across Dadelhura, Kailali and Kanchanpur Districts to the Nepal-India border at Mahendranagar (Figure 1-2). The line extends a further 98 km in India from the border to the Atamanda substation, 22 km north of Bareilly.

1 An estimated 3,636 GWh will be exported annually to India. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 1-1

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Figure 1-2: Transmission Line Route

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The Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) granted a survey license for the proposed transmission line to West Seti Hydro Ltd (WSH) on 11 April 2006 (29 Chaitra 2062 B.S). This license is valid until 13 November 2008 (28 Kartik 2065 B.S).

1.2 Environmental Impact Assessment

1.3 P roject Impacts

The Transmission Line EIA provides a description of the project’s potential social and environmental impacts. The most important social impacts are the acquisition of land and associated livelihood impacts, population displacement and impacts on a relatively small number of vulnerable households (low caste Dalits and households from indigenous groups).

Approximately 609 ha of land is located in the transmission line Right of Way (RoW), of which 5.1 ha will be permanently acquired for the construction of 356 tower pads. Just over 224 ha (36.8%) of the land in the RoW is private agricultural and residential land. Of this, an estimated 1.5 ha will be acquired permanently for the construction of transmission towers. Restrictions will be placed on the remaining approximately 222 ha of private land in the RoW, most importantly that the land may not be used for the construction of buildings/structures, the cultivation of vegetation above 3 m in height and the stockpiling of flammable/explosive items. Owners will retain title to this land and permitted to use the land for other purposes, for example, the production of cereal crops. In addition to the land in the RoW, a further approximately 15 ha of land will be leased for temporary construction camps and storage areas.

An estimated 296 households will be affected through the permanent acquisition of land at the tower sites or the requirement to relocate their houses and business structures from the RoW. Of these, an estimated 204 households will lose houses or associated structures, of which 186 (consisting of 1,236 people) will be required to relocate: 47 from the tower site areas and 139 from the RoW.

1.4 Aims of the Resettlement Plan

The Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared with reference to GoN legislation and to international best practice, as embodied in the involuntary resettlement safeguard policies and guidelines of the ADB. International best practice emphasises the need to avoid or minimise involuntary resettlement on development projects. Where the acquisition of private property is unavoidable, involuntary resettlement should be conceptualised as an integral part of project design, preparation and implementation.

The overall aim of the Resettlement Plan (RP) is to ensure that the following project impacts are addressed:

• loss of land and other privately-owned assets, and impacts on livelihoods; • population displacement; • loss of community assets and facilities;

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• collective adverse impacts on groups/social categories who because of their social position may be vulnerable to changes brought about by Project activities, or who may be excluded from its benefits.

The RP presents:

• details of asset losses; • compensation principles and the legal framework applicable for mitigation of losses; • an Entitlement Matrix based on the anticipated impacts and losses; and • an institutional framework and budget for the implementation and monitoring of the resettlement programme.

The RP deals mainly with resettlement and livelihood-related impacts. The EIA and EMP should be consulted for a description of mitigation measures for construction and operation activities.

1.5 Methodology

The RP was prepared as a component of the transmission line EIA. The EIA (including transmission line route selection) was prepared in four stages2:

• preliminary route planning and impact assessment; • route identification; • Scoping Report and EIA Terms of Reference (ToR) preparation; and • EIA preparation and route refinement.

The RP was prepared on the basis of the following:

• field location of tower sites and the RoW, and the identification of potentially affected landowners and households; • a socio-economic census survey of all households (a) affected by permanent land acquisition at the tower sites and (b) with houses or other structures at the tower sites or in the RoW; • group discussions with communities along the length of the transmission line, including discussions with women and potentially vulnerable households; • individual interviews/consultation with stakeholders such as district government officials and the chairpersons of Village Development Committees (VDCs); and • review of secondary sources such as the involuntary resettlement and associated guidelines of the ADB and RPs prepared for similar projects in Nepal.

Identification of potentially affected owners. Landowners and land areas affected by the RoW were identified off cadastral maps held by the District Survey Offices in the concerned Districts. 3 GPS and ortho-photo maps were used to verify and locate the towers and houses on the ground. Each affected household was given a unique identification number which has been referenced to the ortho-photo maps (Figure 1-3).

2 The EIA was prepared for WSH by Shah Consult International, Rongbuk Environmental and Selelekela Resettlement and Development. 3 Other households with non-inhabited (cultivation) land in the RoW on whom land use restrictions will be placed will be identified during final design and implementation, and consulted on the restrictions and associated compensation and mitigation measures. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 1-4

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Figure 1-3: Example of Household Referencing on Ortho-Photo Maps

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Socio-economic questionnaire survey. The survey covered 399 households in/adjacent to the transmission line RoW. The survey was carried out by a trained team of enumerators under the close supervision of two sociologists and guidance from a senior socio-economist. From the 399 surveyed household, 351 were used to establish the social baseline and impacts of the proposed route. The remaining 48 households were used for an analysis of the approaches to a southern route through the Shuklaphata Reserve. The results of the survey are detailed in the EIA and summarised in Chapter 3. Household information was entered into an MS Access database (Figure 1-4). The database will be an important resettlement planning tool in subsequent project phases and for monitoring purposes.

Figure 1-4: Example of 1st Page of the Household Database

Group meetings and discussions. Initial group meetings were held in January 2007 during VDC- and Ward-level checklist surveys. The meetings were informal and designed to introduce the proposed transmission line and EIA process. A second round of group meetings was held in February 2007 during the household survey to inform local people, VDC chairpersons, representatives of political parties, NGOs and other concerned stakeholders about the status of the WSHEP and preparation of the transmission line EIA, and to collect their concerns and suggestions. In all, 62 meetings were held, attended by 1,773 people.

Public hearings were also conducted after preparation of the EIA, in accordance with the requirements of Schedule 7(2) of Nepal’s Environmental Protection Rule (1997) and ADB guidelines. These hearings were conducted in Dadeldhura (Amargadhi Municipality, Dadeldhura District) and Mahendranagar (Mahendranagar Municipality, Kanchanpur District) on 26 and 28 July 2007 respectively.

The consultation and disclosure programme is described in Chapter 6.

VDC and Ward-level statistics. Checklists were completed for each VDC crossed by the proposed transmission line as part of the documentation of baseline socio-economic conditions.

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Review of secondary sources. General socio-economic information for the country, region and project districts was obtained from literature published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). District and VDC information was also collected from district profiles of the concerned districts, as well as from District and VDC offices. A range of other literature was also reviewed, including literature related to international and national resettlement policies, guidelines and practices.

1.6 Structure of the Resettlement Plan

The Resettlement Plan is arranged as follows:

• Chapter 2: provides a brief description of the project; • Chapter 3: provides an overview of the potentially affected population; • Chapter 4: describes the project’s land acquisition and resettlement estimates; • Chapter 5: details the legal and policy framework, including the resettlement principles adopted for the project; • Chapter 6: summarises consultation activities during the current project phase, as well as future consultation and participation activities; • Chapter 7: describes the project’s compensation framework, which includes a detailed Entitlement Matrix; • Chapter 8: describes the project’s resettlement framework; • Chapter 9: details the institutional and organisational arrangements that will be implemented to manage the resettlement and livelihood restoration process; • Chapter 10: summarises the resettlement implementation programme; • Chapter 11: describes the measures that will be put into place to monitor progress with resettlement implementation and achievement of objectives; • Chapter 12: provides a summary of resettlement-related cost estimates.

The following appendices are included in the report:

• Appendix 1: List of affected households; • Appendix 2: Households to be relocated; • Appendix 3: Structures to be relocated; • Appendix 4: Relocated households by village and VDC; • Appendix 5: Entitlement Matrix; • Appendix 6: Examples of monitoring indicators.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2. PROJ E CT DES CRIPTION

The development of the Talkot-Mahendranagar 400 kV transmission line is currently at the detailed feasibility design stage. A refined route has been planned based on map and air photo interpretation and field reconnaissance. The final design of the proposed line will be undertaken, in accordance with the design parameters described in this section, by the selected Plant Design and Build Contractor (PDBC) once project ‘financial closure’ and tendering has occurred.

2.1 Project Proponent

The WSHEP is a Build Own Operate Transfer (BOOT) scheme. The project proponent is SMEC who currently own 100% of the project company, West Seti Hydro Ltd (WSH), a private company registered in Nepal:

West Seti Hydro Limited 1611 Lamtangin Marg, Maharajgunj Kathmandu, Nepal Post Box No. 3338 Phone: 4720328 Fax: 4720587

2.2 Power Transmission

The WSHEP will have an installed generation capacity of 750 MW at rated net head. Annual energy production from the project is estimated to be 3,636 GWh. All power from the project will be exported to India via the Talkot-Mahendranagar transmission line, connecting into the Indian transmission system at Atamanda, just north of Bareilly. A power purchase agreement has been initialled with PTC India Ltd for the purchase of all electricity generated by the project. This electricity will primarily be used by the northern region of India that had an 11.7% energy deficit in 2006 (15.5% peak demand deficit).

Revenue from power sales will accrue to the project developer and the Government of Nepal (GoN). The GoN’s annual share of the revenue will amount to an estimated US$25 million in Year 1, rising to US$62 million in Year 25. The GoN will own the project outright at the date of termination of the Generating Licence issued to WSH by the GoN.

2.3 Transmission Line R oute

The proposed transmission line route is 230.5 km in length, commencing at the WSHEP switching yard at Talkot in Doti District and terminating at the Atamanda substation in India, 22 km north of Bareilly. The line runs 132.5 km in Nepal, crossing Doti and Dadeldhura Districts close to the Seti Rajmarg and Mahakali Rajmarg roads via the villages of Syaule and Budar, then crossing Kailali and Kanchanpur Districts just north of the Mahendra Rajmarg, before crossing the border on the north-western side of Mahendranagar.

The route in Nepal consists of an initial 80 km section through the Middle Hills and Siwaliks from Talkot to Godawari. This is followed by a 52.5 km section on the Terai from Godawari to Mahendranagar that generally runs 1-2 km north of the Mahendra Rajmarg (Figure 1-2).

The route incorporates turns or angle points to avoid specific landscape and built features, to incorporate suitable tower sites, particularly in the hills section, and to ensure that the line is accessible from roads. The main features avoided in route selection, where possible, were steep terrain in the hills, the main

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) PROJECT DESCRIPTION

body of Shuklaphata Wildlife Reserve, wide and unstable sections of major watercourses, flood prone land, dwellings/settlement areas, major road crossings and forest areas.

2.4 Transmission Line Design

The proposed transmission line will be double circuit to meet the reliability criteria of PTC India Ltd and Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd, which require the total power output from the WSHEP to be carried over either of the circuits if required.

2.4.1 Towers

The vertical double circuit configuration towers will have an average height of 45 m. The standard tower base dimensions will be 12 m x 12 m from centre to centre of each tower leg foundation/ footing, varying between 10 m-20 m. Each of the four footings will average 4 m2 below ground level (varying between 3- 4.5 m2) with an average excavation depth of 3.5 m. The above-ground section of each footing will be 0.9 m x 0.5 m. The design span between tower structures is 400 m in the hills and 350 m on the Terai, although spans vary depending upon terrain.4

Table 2-1 Transmission Line Design Features Design Feature Unit Line length 132.5 km Number of towers (estimate) 356 400 m in hills and 350 m on Terai Average span between towers (varying between 180-900 m, with exceptional spans up to 1,200-1,500 m) Right-of-way width 46 m (23 m either side of centreline) Standard tower height above 45 m (varying between 37-63 m) ground level

Towers will be designed to withstand high winds and smaller seismic events. Steel tower leg and body extensions will be utilized to reduce foundation excavation on slopes and provide greater tower foundation structural security. Tower foundations will mainly consist of concrete pad and chimney/pier type foundations, suitable for good to weak soils, limited solid rock and significant areas of broken, weathered and highly fissured rock that occur in the RoW. Where good rock exists, drilled steel re-bar anchor and/or concrete block type arrangements will be installed. Towers constructed on flood-prone land on the Terai will have mass block, raft or pile type foundations according to site geotechnical and flood characteristics. Tower and foundation design will include protection against floodplain erosion and flood debris, consisting of additional foundation concrete and tower leg steel, heavy stone rip-rap or rock gabions to raise and protect the tower.

2.4.2 Line Right-of-Way and Corridor Clearance

The easement and line clearance standards adopted for the transmission line are as per the Indian statutory regulations and the practices of Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd for 400 kV transmission lines. These standards have been used in the absence of statutory clearances prescribed for this capacity

4 The span lengths between towers were designed based on the prevailing terrain and the relative cost of additional and different types of towers and conductors. Variable span lengths enable better placement of individual towers relative to topography, allowing crossings of wide valleys and watercourses and permitting the use of higher ground on ridges and spurs to provide the required vertical clearance over existing vegetation (6 m). This minimises the route length, number of towers, area of vegetation clearance and the cost of the line. Variable span lengths are primarily required through the rugged terrain of the Middle Hills and Siwaliks. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 2-2

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) PROJECT DESCRIPTION

of line in Nepal, as well as to make the line compatible with Indian standards.5 The Indian standard of a minimum RoW width of 46 m for 400 kV double circuit vertical configuration transmission lines has been applied.6 The 46 m wide RoW, extending 23 m either side of the centreline, provides a high level of public safety and line security.

No structures are permitted within the RoW. In addition, vegetation will be restricted in height in a stepped configuration across the RoW where less than 6.0 m clearance exists between the canopy and the strung conductors, and around towers. Vegetation clearance/pruning will mainly be restricted to 15 m from the centreline (a 30 m wide strip), with pruning in the remainder of the RoW, 15-23 m from the centreline, only undertaken where necessary to accommodate conductor swing/blowout (Table 2-2). Between 23-27 m from the centreline trees may be pruned to 10 m height to allow for excessive conductor sag swing/blowout, but this is unlikely. Selective pruning of large trees beyond 27 m may also be required to remove hazardous vegetation that could fall and damage the conductors or towers. In addition, ground cover no higher than 30-50 cm will be maintained out to 8 m from the base of towers during project operation.

Table 2-2: Vegetation Height Restrictions Within and Adjoining the Right-of-Way Maximum Vegetation Height Distance from Centreline (m) (m) Construction Operation 0-7.5 0.3 1.5-3 7.5-15 1.5-3 15-181 5 5 18-231 7 7 >232 Selective removal of danger trees Selective removal of danger trees 1 - Vegetation pruning 15-23 m from the centreline will only be undertaken where required to accommodate conductor swing/blowout. 2 - Vegetation between 23-27 m from the centreline may be pruned to 10 m height at a few sites to cover conductor sag swing/blowout, but generally there will be no pruning beyond 23 m from the centreline.

Where 6.0 m clearance or greater exists between the canopy and the conductors (e.g. through deep valleys), no vegetation clearance will be undertaken apart from the selective removal of the odd tree limb to assist manual pilot rope pay out, an initial step in line stringing.

2.5 Transmission Line Construction

Tower construction will be undertaken by manual labour where possible, assisted by a minimal use of mechanical plant.7 Primary site access for all line construction will be gained from the Seti Rajmarg, Mahakali Rajmarg and Mahendra Rajmarg National Highways. Logistic centres will be established approximately every 15 km of line length (at least five centres in the hills and three on the Terai). Each centre will have several or all of the following facilities: workshop; fuel storage and materials lay-down areas; a temporary office; and temporary accommodation (in existing local buildings or houses, temporary buildings or tented camps).

5 The Indian values are consistent with International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) principles for physical and electrical safety clearances, including sag and conductor swing clearances at tower positions, along spans and over various obstacles along the transmission route. 6 This RoW width together with proposed conductor-to-ground, phase-to-phase and circuit-to-circuit clearances conform to all world clearance practices including clearances for electromagnetic fields and non-ionising radiation. 7 Mechanical plant will be limited to small demountable steel skid-framed concrete mixers, air compressors, air drills/chisels, tamping/compaction tools and sled or wheel-type steel skips for materials transport to supplement human and animal transport. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 2-3

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Tower assembly and erection will involve the use of skilled labour with the assistance of portable mechanical plant.8 Conductor erection or ‘stringing’ will utilise skilled linesmen, unskilled labour and specialist mechanical plant. The pilot or pulling cable will be manually paid out wherever possible. Where this cable cannot be manually paid out across deep valleys, a crossbow-type instrument or helicopter may be used. Stringing plant will consist of larger truck/trailers and crane trucks for conductor drum transport and handling, drum trailers or stands, and large motorised pulling winches and tensioning/braking machinery. This machinery will be used where access is achievable, preferably restricting pullout set-up to where the route crosses established roads.

No permanent access roads will be constructed to tower sites from existing roads due to the associated adverse impacts. Construction activities can generally be undertaken using temporary access along local existing pedestrian and livestock tracks during the dry season. Most line maintenance activities can be undertaken by foot access, whilst no access is required to the RoW in the base of deep valleys.

Construction will utilise local labour wherever possible, primarily for unskilled and semi-skilled positions. A maximum of 68 professional and skilled staff and up to 375 unskilled labourers will be required for project construction. Personnel for semi-skilled transmission line maintenance activities (including periodic vegetation clearance) will also be employed from the local area. The estimated number of positions required for construction and maintenance is provided in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3 Estimated Maximum Number of Staff Skill Level Construction Operation* Professional and skilled 68 10 Unskilled 375 4 Total 443 14 * Not including vegetation maintenance contractors.

2.6 P roject Implementation

Project implementation is scheduled to take 38 months, consisting of a 14 month pre-construction phase and a 24 month construction and commissioning phase.

2.6.1 Pre-Construction Activities

Pre-construction activities will involve a detailed survey of the alignment, geotechnical investigations, final design of the transmission line route and structures, asset verification, and acquisition, resettlement and compensation for RoW resources.

A detailed survey of the refined route will be undertaken to finalise and peg the transmission line centreline, tower locations and RoW. This will be followed by a geotechnical assessment of ground conditions at each tower site. The detailed final design will then be prepared for the transmission line alignment, towers and conductors. The final design will include a range of tower and foundation types for different ground and flood conditions.

The social survey database prepared as part of the EIA will be updated once the RoW has been pegged, covering a detailed asset inventory of all affected privately owned land, houses/structures, trees and other non-transferable property within the RoW that will be affected by line construction or operation.

8 Plant will comprise demountable derricks with 6 m extendable sections, steel wire rope stays and lifting cables and small steel skid frame mounted engine-driven winches. Tower steel and fasteners will be moved from established roads by people or animals using existing tracks. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 2-4

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The acquisition of land at tower sites, the relocation of buildings, resettlement and the payment of compensation will be finalised prior to the start of construction along each section of the line.

2.6.2 Construction Activities

Construction is likely to commence in January 2009 and span two dry seasons. Three to four sections of the line are likely to be constructed concurrently by multiple work teams to complete the line in 24 months. Because of favourable conditions, construction will primarily occur during the dry season (October-May). Construction activities during the monsoon season will primarily be limited to line stringing, although this activity may also be restricted by the weather.

2.6.3 Operational Inspections and Maintenance

Line inspections during project operation will generally be undertaken during the dry season and will entail twice yearly inspections (from the ground); five yearly inspections (involving full tower climbing from the base to tower top); special inspections after incidents such as floods and forest fires; and emergency inspections of affected sections after each tripping of the line.

Routine maintenance, to be undertaken during the dry season where possible, will include periodic hand pruning of vegetation within the RoW to maintain line clearances. This will be undertaken at least every two years subject to growth rates. The stabilisation or reinforcement of tower foundations with measures such as revetment works, drains or backfill mounds may be implemented. In the event of a wire break, emergency line restringing will be undertaken.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) OVERVIEW OF PROJECT AREA POPULATION

3. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT AREA POPULATION

3.1 R egional and District Context

The project is located in four districts of the Far Western Development Region (FWDR): Doti, Dadeldhura, Kailali and Kanchanpur. Doti and Dadeldhura are in the hill ecological zone while Kailali and Kanchanpur are in the Terai. The districts are further divided into VDCs and municipalities, which form the lowest political-administrative unit of governance.

The FWDR, which occupies the area of land to the west of the Karnali River, remained relatively isolated from the rest of the country until the opening of the Mahendra Rajmarg and the construction of the bridge across the Karnali River. This history of relative isolation has partly contributed to the generally underdeveloped status of the FWDR. Despite continued government commitment for balanced regional development, the FWDR still lags behind the eastern, central and western regions of the country in terms of socio-economic, poverty and development indicators. Within the FWDR, hill districts such as Doti and Dadeldhura are generally less developed than the Terai districts of Kailali and Kanchanpur.

3.2 VDC/Municipality Context

Table 3-1: Length of Transmission Line through VDC/Municipalities TL TL VDC/ VDC/ District Length District Length Municipality Municipality (km) (km) Doti Banlek 6.180 Dadeldhura Mastamandu 4.800 Chhatiwan 9.875 Ganeshpur 1.860 Ghanteswor 6.580 Asigram 8.080 Latamandu 5.630 Gangkhet 3.310 Pachnali 0.080 Manilek 0.300 Barpata 0.130 Kailpalmandu 0.500 Kanchanpur Mahendranagar Municipality 8.025 Amargadhi Municipality 8.650 Suda 3.750 Kailali Malakheti 8.170 Daiji 5.860 Godawari 12.530 Jhalari 13.750 Sahajpur 12.850 Krishnapur 11.150 Source: SCI Cadastral Survey 2007.

In 2001, the total population of the 19 VDCs and two municipalities crossed by the transmission line was 208,101, with females constituting 50.5% of this figure. The seven VDCs and one municipality in the two Terai districts of Kailali and Kanchanpur account for more than 69% of this population, with Kanchanpur District alone accounting for nearly 52%.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) OVERVIEW OF PROJECT AREA POPULATION

Table 3-2: Population and Households in Project VDCs/Municipalities Project Population in VDCs/Municipalities Crossed by TL Households District Male Female Total Sex Ratio Kanchanpur* 54,454 53,090 107,744 102.6 17,702 Kailali 17,927 18,568 36,495 96.5 6,167 Dadeldhura 19,533 21,864 41,397 89.3 7,761 Doti 10,980 11,485 22,465 95.6 4,073 Project area 102,894 105,007 208,101 98.0 35,703 Source: CBS Population Census, 2001; *data for Mahendranagar Municipality includes affected wards only.

3.3 S ocio-Economic Characteristics of the Surveyed Population

This section provides and overview of the socioeconomic and cultural baseline of the project area. It is based on a socio-economic census survey of 351 households located in or proximate to the transmission line RoW. Further details are provided in the EIA.

3.3.1 Demographic Characteristics

Population and Households

The total population of the 351 surveyed households was 2,322, with females constituting 47.1% of this figure. Overall, the surveyed households constituted 0.8% of the total households in the project area VDCs/Municipalities.

Table 3-3: Distribution of Surveyed Population and Households Population Surveyed VDC/ HH HHs as % of Sex HHs Municipality Male Female Total Size VDC Ratio Households Kanchanpur District Daiji 138 131 269 105.3 39 6.9 1.1 Jhalari 148 150 298 98.7 43 6.93 1.6 Krishnapur 141 116 257 121.6 35 7.34 0.9 Suda 76 55 131 138.2 17 7.71 0.6 Mahendranagar 264 230 494 114.8 71 6.96 0.5 Kailali District Godawari 10 8 18 125 3 6 0.1 Malakheti 109 88 197 123.9 35 5.63 1.4 Sahajpur 50 48 98 104.2 16 6.13 1.4 Dadeldhura District Aasigram 19 13 32 146.2 6 5.33 1.1 Ganeshpur 18 20 38 90.0 6 6.33 0.9 Kailpalmandu 18 8 26 225 5 5.2 0.6 Mastamandu 46 53 99 86.8 14 7.07 2.2 Amargadhi 14 13 27 107.7 5 5.4 0.1 Doti District Banlek 51 46 97 110.9 16 6.06 1.8 Barpata 19 15 34 126.7 3 11.33 0.4 Chhatiwan 30 27 57 111.1 11 5.18 1.8 Ghanteshwor 22 21 43 104.8 7 6.14 1.9 Latamandu 45 41 86 109.8 16 5.38 1.6 Pachnali 10 11 21 90.9 3 7 1.8 Total/Average 1,228 1,094 2,322 112.3 351 6.6 0.8 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) OVERVIEW OF PROJECT AREA POPULATION

The two Terai districts account for nearly three-quarters of the surveyed households. Just over 58% of the households are from Kanchanpur District, 15.4% from Kailali District, 16% from Doti District and 10.2% from Dadeldhura District.

Among the 19 VDCs and municipalities along the transmission line, the largest number of affected households is from Mahendranagar Municipality, followed by Jhalari and Daiji VDCs (Kanchanpur District). In the hills, Banlek and Latamandu VDCs (Doti District) have the largest number of affected households.

Broad Age Structure

The 2,322 surveyed people comprised 29.2% children (0-14 years), 63.9% people in the economically active category (15-59 years) and 6.9% aged people (above 60 years).

Table 3-4: Distribution of Surveyed Population by Broad Age Group Distribution by Broad Age Group Total District/VDC 0-14 Years 15-59 Years  60 Years Population Kanchanpur District Daiji 103 146 20 269 Jhalari 93 178 27 298 Krishnapur 78 164 15 257 Suda 33 91 7 131 Mahendranagar 117 344 33 494 Kailali district Godawari 4 14 0 18 Malakheti 62 119 16 197 Sahajpur 32 61 5 98 Dadeldhura District Aasigram 7 23 2 32 Ganeshpur 11 25 2 38 Kailpalmandu 2 21 3 26 Mastamandu 36 61 2 99 Amargadhi 10 14 3 27 Doti District Banlek 31 62 4 97 Barpatta 14 17 3 34 Chhatiwan 11 43 3 57 Ghanteshwor 10 30 3 43 Latamandu 20 55 11 86 Pachnali 3 16 2 21 Total 677 1,484 161 2,322 Percent 29.2 63.9 6.9 100.0 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

The overall dependency ratio of the surveyed population is 56.5%, with a child dependency of 45.6% and an aged dependency of 10.9%.9

9 Total/overall dependency ratio is a measure showing the number of dependents (aged 0-14 and over the age of 65) to the population aged 15-64 (i.e. the potentially economically active population). The child dependency ratio includes only under15s and the aged dependency ratio focuses on those over 64. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 3-3

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) OVERVIEW OF PROJECT AREA POPULATION

3.3.2 Social Characteristics

Caste/Ethnicity

Table 3-5: Caste and Ethnic Composition of the Surveyed Population Total Households Caste/Ethnic Categories No. % Chhetri 149 42.5 Brahmin 88 25.1 Thakuri 31 8.8 Tharu 28 8.0 Hill Ethnic (Janajati) 10 2.8 Tamang 4 1.1 Rai 3 0.8 Magar 2 0.6 Gurung 1 0.3 Occupational Caste (Dalit) 36 10.3 Kami 21 6.0 Damai 4 1.1 Sarki 11 3.1 Other 9 2.6 Total 351 100 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Potentially vulnerable groups such as Dalit, Tharu and Janajati constitute 21% of the surveyed population. Tharu households are primarily concentrated in Krishnapur and Malakheti VDCs (in the Terai). On the other hand, the Dalit households are scattered across many VDCs and municipalities both in the Terai and the hills. The small number of surveyed Janajati households are also scattered across six VDCs.

Table 3-6: Location of Surveyed Tharu, Dalit and Hill-ethnic Households Caste/Ethnic Total Areas of Concentration (Households) Group Households Krishnapur (11), Malakheti (11), Mahendranagar (2), Suda Tharu 28 (2), Jhalari (1), Sahajpur (1) Daiji (11), Banlek (6), Mastamandu (4), Jhalari (4), Dalit 36 Mahendranagar (2), Malakheti (2), Sahajpur (2), Latamandu (2), Chhatiwan (1), Pachnali (1), Ganeshpur (1) Sahajpur (3), ), Chhatiwan (2), Ganeshpur (2),Krishnapur (1), Janajati 10 Malakheti (1), Godawari 1) Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) OVERVIEW OF PROJECT AREA POPULATION

Literacy

Nearly 21% of the surveyed population aged 6 years and above is illiterate. The gender gap in literacy is very wide, with illiteracy among women being threefold that of men.

Table 3-7: Literacy Status of the Surveyed Population, 6 Years and Older Literacy Male Female Total Status No. % No. % No. % Illiterate 113 10.1 324 33.3 437 20.9 Literate 1,004 89.9 650 66.7 1,654 79.1 Total 1,117 100 974 100 2,091 100 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

The overall illiteracy level (20.9%) among this section of the surveyed population is less than half the national illiteracy level of 45.6% recorded during the 2001 population census. Similarly, the female and male illiteracy levels of 33.3% and 10.1%, respectively, are much lower than the corresponding 2001 national levels of 56.8% and 34.3%. This is probably because the majority of surveyed households are from peri-urban areas and areas that are accessible by road. Nevertheless, the 33.3% illiteracy rate among the surveyed women is high.

3.3.3 Economic Characteristics

Occupational Status

The major livelihood earning activities of the surveyed households are agriculture, service, labour and business, with agriculture recorded as the main occupation of nearly 51% of the economically-active population. Table 3-8: Occupational Status of the Surveyed Population (15 Years and Older) Occupation Male Female Total No. % No. % No. % Agriculture 379 42.5 458 60.7 837 50.9 Business and industry 62 7.0 9 1.2 71 4.3 Service 154 17.3 11 1.5 165 10.0 Labour and wage 116 13.0 12 1.6 128 7. 8 Student 150 16.8 101 13.4 251 15. 6 Unable to work 4 0. 5 11 1.5 15 0.9 Others 26 2.9 152 20.2 178 10.8 Total 891 100 754 100 1645 100 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

The gender difference in occupational composition is evident from Table 3-8. Only 43% of men, compared to 61% of women, were recorded as engaged in agriculture as their main occupation. On the other hand, 17.3% of men, as opposed to less than 2% of women, were involved in the service sector.

Landholding Patterns

The surveyed households own and operate a reported total of 266.92 ha of land. This land is of three types, namely khet (irrigated lowland), bari (upland, non-irrigated) and kharbari (sloping terraces with poor quality topsoil used to grow thatch grass). All households reported at least some amount of operational land but none reported ownership of private forests.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) OVERVIEW OF PROJECT AREA POPULATION

Of the 351 surveyed households, 54.4% are ‘marginal’ holders with landholdings up to 0.5 ha and 41% are ‘small’ with landholdings of between 0.5 ha and 2.0 ha. These two categories comprise 95% of the surveyed households, with less than 5% of the households reporting landholdings larger than 2.0 ha.

Table 3-9: Distribution of Households by Landholding Size Landholding Categories Total Households Total Landholding Category Size of Holding (ha) No. % Area (ha) % Marginal Up to 0.5 191 54.4 46.48 17.4 0.5 – 1.0 89 25.4 67.62 25.3 Small 1.0 - 1.5 27 7.7 33.98 12.7 1.5 – 2.0 27 7.7 48.65 18.2 Medium 2.0 - 4.0 11 3.1 31.99 12.0 Large > 4.0 ha 6 1.7 38.20 14.3 Total 351 100 266.92 100 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007; * based on Nepal Rastra Bank, 1993.

The average landholding size of the surveyed households is 0.760 ha. The average landholding of male- headed household is 0.780 ha compared to 0.465 ha for female-headed households. In addition, the distribution of households by landholding categories shows that 16 of the 22 female-headed households (i.e. 72.7%) have landholdings of 0.5 ha or less; however, only 175 (i.e. 53.2%) of the 329 male-headed households fall in this category.

Table 3-10: Landholding by Sex of Household Head Average Holding per Landholding Categories Households Total area (ha) Household (ha) Size of Male- Female- Male- Female- Male- Female- Category Holding (ha) headed headed headed headed headed headed Marginal Up to 0.5 175 16 42.44 4.05 0.243 0.253 0.50 - 1.00 84 5 63.42 4.2 0.755 0.840 Small 1.00 - 1.50 27 - 33.98 - 1.259 - 1.50 - 2.00 26 1 46.66 1.99 1.795 1.990 Medium 2.00 - 4.00 11 - 31.99 - 2.908 - Large > 4.00 6 - 38.2 - 6.367 - Total 329 22 256.69 10.24 0.780 0.465 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Among the various caste/ethnic groups, Thakuri households have the largest average landholding (1.17 ha) followed by Brahmin households (0.865 ha). The average landholding of Dalit, Tharu and Janajati households are comparatively lower.

Table 3-11: Landholding by Caste/Ethnic Group Total Landholding Average Holding per Caste/Ethnic Group (ha) Household (ha) Brahmin 76.15 0.865 Chhetri 111.62 0.74 Thakuri 36.27 1.17 Tharu 12.06 0.431 Janajati (hill ethnic) 3.743 0.374 Dalit 19.99 0.555 Others 7.05 0.783 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) OVERVIEW OF PROJECT AREA POPULATION

Agriculture

Paddy, wheat, potatoes and maize are the main cereal crops cultivated by the surveyed households. Other crops include millet and pulses.

Table 3-12: Reported Crop Production and Yields Major Crops Description Paddy Wheat Maize Millet Pulses Potato Total area cropped (ha) 169.149 158.971 28.658 8.91 20.994 16.212 - Khet (ha) 161.539 143.645 10.209 0.257 18.08 12.731 - Bari (ha) 7.61 15.326 18.449 8.653 2.914 3.481 Total production (MT) 529.675 266.224 52.731 15.645 17.938 70.467 Yield (MT/ha) 3.13 1.67 1.84 1.76 0.85 4.35 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Of the 351 surveyed households, approximately 9% (31 households) reported food sufficiency of three months or less; about 14% (48 households) reported food sufficiency for three to six months, and an equal number stated that they had sufficient food for six to nine months. However, 64% of the households reported sufficient food production for 12 months or more.

Photo 3-1: Cultivation Land Opposite Power Station Site Photo 3-2: Terai Cultivation Land

Livestock Holdings

Animal husbandry is an important subsistence activity and source of income. Households rear cattle, goats, buffalo, sheep and poultry. Cattle and buffalo are kept for milk, ghee and manure, while goats and sheep are kept for meat and for income generation. Poultry are kept for eggs, meat production and selling. Of the 351 surveyed households, 310 own a total of 2,194 livestock; the remaining 41 do not have any livestock at all. Household herd sizes range from 3.3 in Pachnali VDC to 28.3 in Godawari VDC, with an average of 6.3.

3.3.4 Income and Expenditure

The weighted average annual income of surveyed households is NRs 91,674. Off-farm activities, especially seasonal labour in India, are the main source of income for these households, contributing

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51.9% of their total income. Agriculture and livestock account for 37.1% and 11%, respectively, of total household income.

Table 3-13: Average Annual Income of the Surveyed Households Annual Average Income (in NRs) from Different Sources Affected Area Agriculture Livestock Non-Agriculture Total NRs % NRs % NRs % NRs % Kanchanpur District Daiji 29,752 44.4 4,000 6.0 33,462 49.8 67,213 100 Jhalari 41,352 43.4 5,649 5.9 48,186 50.6 95,187 100 Krishnapur 23,969 24.8 3,189 3.3 69,657 72.0 96,815 100 Suda 51,884 44.9 6,188 5.4 57,606 49.8 115,678 100 Mahendranagar 54,393 41.6 5,613 4.3 70,742 54.1 130,749 100 Kailali District Godawari 14,283 19.6 24,333 33.4 34,333 47.1 72,950 100 Malakheti 25,520 31.6 3,443 4.3 51,891 64.2 80,854 100 Sahajpur 25,225 40.9 11,013 17.8 25,500 41.3 61,738 100 Dadeldhura District Aasigram 36,717 46.4 18,850 23.8 23,500 29.7 79,067 100 Ganeshpur 22,650 33.8 6,883 10.3 37,500 55.9 67,033 100 Kailpalmandu 25,365 21.7 9,360 8.0 82,400 70.4 117,125 100 Mastamandu 17,763 30.2 6,643 11.3 34,357 58.5 58,763 100 Amargadhi 26,770 36.2 15,120 20.5 32,000 43.3 73,890 100 Doti District Banlek 21,023 33.4 5,003 8.0 36,844 58.6 62,870 100 Barpatta 59,700 46.5 16,267 12.7 52,333 40.8 128,300 100 Chhatiwan 30,482 38.4 6,473 8.2 42,455 53.5 79,409 100 Ghanteshwor 35,400 42.8 18,129 21.9 29,143 35.3 82,671 100 Latamandu 31,403 47.0 5,506 8.2 29,938 44.8 66,847 100 Pachnali 23,343 33.2 4,400 6.3 42,667 60.6 70,410 100 Percentage 37.1 11.0 51.9 100.0 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Annual household incomes differ by caste/ethnic group. Tharu households have the lowest reported average annual income of NRs 56,838, followed by Janajati households (NRs 61,533) and Dalit households (NRs 69,305). The average annual income of Chhetri households is NRs 96,555, while that of Thakuri households (a special group within the Chetri caste) is NRs 123,994. The Brahmin households have an average annual income of NRs 104,478.

Difference in income by sex of the household head is also evident among the surveyed households. The annual reported income of male-headed households is NRs 92,801 while that of female-headed households is NRs 74,350.

The expenditure of the surveyed households can be broadly categorized under two heads: expenditure on food items and expenditure on non-food items. Non-food expenditure items, in turn, can be broadly grouped under different heads: tea and spices, fuel and light (kerosene and electricity) and others (education, medicine, clothing, festivals, etc.). The annual weighted average expenditure of the surveyed households is NRs 66,530. Food items form the largest expense category, accounting for 55% of total reported expenditure, followed by education (10%), clothing (9.2%) and festivals (8.6%).

The annual expenditure among the surveyed households also differs by caste/ethnic group. The Janjati has the lowest average annual expenditure (NRs 43,841), while the Tharu and Dalits have slightly higher annual expenditures of NRs 46,663 and NRs 57,383 respectively. The average annual expenditure of Chhetri households is NRs 73,297, while that of Brahmin households is NRs 82,109. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 3-8

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3.3.5 Disadvantaged Groups and Gender Issues

The 32 surveyed Tharu and Tamang classified as disadvantaged groups by the Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (2004) account for 9.1% of the surveyed households (Table 3-5). As noted in Table 3-5, Dalits, who are generally considered vulnerable, form 10.2% of the surveyed households.

Gender differences in occupation, education and decision making are common features of Far-Western Nepal, and the project area households are no exception. This scenario is corroborated by the data on literacy and occupation presented above. As in other parts of Nepal, women in the project area are engrossed in domestic chores. However, compared to their counterparts in other parts of Nepal, women in this area probably have to bear a higher domestic work burden because of the greater tendency of local young males to opt for seasonal out-migration.

3.3.6 Poverty

Since the beginning of the Eight Plan (1992-1997), poverty reduction has been the most important development objective of the country. Nevertheless, even though there is a gradual decline in the incidence of poverty across all development regions (CBS, 2005), regional disparities are still significant: in the fiscal year 2003/04 the incidence of poverty in the MWDR and FWDR was 44.8% and 41.0% respectively, which is significantly higher than the national average of 30.8%. By ecological region, the incidence of poverty is higher in the hill and mountain regions.

Various methods have been used to identify poor/absolute poor households. The main methods are the basic need income (BNI) approach developed by the Government of Nepal and the one dollar a day per person method. In this study, the BNI approach was used to identify absolute poor households, as developed by NPC in 2001 and adapted by the Tenth Plan (2002-07) (NPC, 2002). In 2001, the annual per capita BNI in Nepal was NRs 6,100. Using the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the annual per capita BNI for 2007 is estimated to be NRs 9,143.

The BNI for a household in this survey was calculated by multiplying the per capita BNI by the average household size. Households with annual incomes below this BNI line were then defined as absolute poor and the rest as non-poor. According to this approach, 150 (42.7%) of the surveyed households would be classified as absolute poor. VDCs where high percentages of the surveyed households were classified as absolute poor include Daiji (66.7% of households surveyed in the VDC), Mastamandu (57.1%), Sahajpur (56.2%), Malakheti (54.3%), Jhalari (53.5%), Banlek (50%), Krishnapur (48.6%) and Amargadhi (40%).

Table 3-14 presents the distribution of absolute poor households by caste/ethnicity, showing that the incidence of poverty is higher amongst Dalit and Tharu households.

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Table 3-14: Absolute Poor Households by Caste/Ethnicity Total Households Absolute Poor Caste/Ethnic Group Surveyed Number % Chhetri 149 59 39.6 Brahmin 88 28 31.8 Thakuri 31 6 19.4 Tharu 28 20 71.4 Hill Ethnic (Janajati) Tamang 1 0 0.0 Rai 2 0 0.0 Magar 3 1 33.3 Gurung 1 1 100 Occupational Caste (Dalit) Kami 21 14 66.7 Damai 4 3 75 Sarki 11 9 81.8 Others 9 6 66.7 Total 351 150 42.7 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

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4. SCOPE OF LAND ACQUISITION AND R E S E TTLE ME NT

4.1 E fforts to Minimise Land Acquisition and R esettlement

Three different transmission line route options were initially developed based on the following factors:

• least cost (route length minimisation, ease of construction and maintenance); • line reliability (minimal risk of line outage, ability to rapidly repair the line if damaged); • avoidance of significant environmental features (Wildlife Reserve, Reserve Forest, other forest); and • avoidance of significant socio-economic features (large settlements, villages, individual houses, businesses, industry, infrastructure, other developments).

Each of the route option avoided towns and large villages, including likely areas of urban expansion, as far as possible. Small villages and individual houses were also avoided where possible, but some dwellings had to be crossed to achieve a buildable line. Other features that were avoided were schools, industrial sites, army and police posts and airport obstacle limitation surfaces, while crossings of major roads and transmission lines were avoided where possible.

Another critical feature that the preferred route had to negotiate is Mahendranagar Township. An alignment to the south of the town was rejected due to the narrow strip of land available between town and the Wildlife Reserve. Accordingly, the alignment was located to the north of Mahendranagar Township and set back at least 1 km north of the Mahendra Rajmarg on less densely settled land where possible.

The selected route (Option 2) through Nepal was refined by map and air photo interpretation and field investigation. A set of 47 orthophoto maps at 1:10,000 scale was developed using digital 1:25,000 scale topographic map data (1998) and 1:50,000 scale aerial photo diapositives (1996). These high definition maps provided a 2.5-3 km wide strip along the selected route, showing landscape features and land use (cultivation, forest cover, settlements, individual houses and infrastructure).

The route was refined based on the orthophoto maps and hard copies of the 1:25,000 topographic maps. As the base photography used to prepare the orthophotos was ten years old, Google Earth images, where

10 Option 1 was rejected mainly due to the poor accessibility of over 50 km of the line. Option 3 was deemed to have an unacceptably high risk of line failure due to the wide Sarda River floodplain crossing south of the Shuklaphata Reserve that would require towers in the river bed. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 4-1

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available at sufficient resolution, were used to identify new houses, other developments and forest cover changes over the last decade and the route was adjusted to avoid these features. The use of Google Earth images allowed a better alignment to be developed, particularly on the Terai where the number of new structures was greatest.

Finally, the route was further adjusted based on social field investigations along the proposed RoW. These investigations resulted in slight alignment modifications to avoid two primary schools and one secondary school in the Terai, as well as numerous houses in a relatively new settlement (not shown on any of the available mapping) for previously bonded labourers.

4.2 Land Requirement

The transmission line route traverses steep cliffs and slopes, ridges, undulating hills, cultivated terraces and cultivated plains. The main land use types along the transmission line route are shrublands, forests and cultivation. Approximately 61% of the alignment traverses forests and shrublands, with the remaining 34% crossing agricultural land, riverine features and roads (Table 4-1). In Doti and Dadeldhura Districts, agricultural land is limited along the route due to the prevalence of steep hill slopes.

Table 4-1: Land Use Types Along the Transmission Line Route

Land Use Length (km) % of Route Groundwater 15.5 11.7 - Irrigated Cultivation Tributaries & canals 12.8 9.7 - Rainfed 17.2 13.0 Forest 73.2 55.3 Shrubland 6.9 5.2 Riverine features 3.8 2.8 Roads 3.1 2.3 Total 132.5 100.0

Out of the 609.6 ha falling in the RoW, 5.1 ha will be permanently acquired for the construction of 356 tower pads, constituting 0.82% of the total land affected by the project. The remaining 604.5 ha within the RoW will have land use restrictions imposed as discussed in the relevant sections below.

Approximately 224.48 ha (36.8%) of the land in the RoW is private agricultural and residential land.

4.3 Households and Population

11 See Appendix 1 for a list of affected households. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 4-2

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It excludes owners of cultivation or unoccupied land in the RoW. This latter group of owners, who will have restrictions placed on the use of their land within the RoW, will be confirmed during the final design stage.

Of the 296 households, 143 (48.3%) will be affected by tower pad construction and 153 (51.7%) by the requirement to have the RoW cleared of buildings and structures (Table 4-2).

Table 4-2: Households Affected by Tower Construction and RoW Habitation Clearance

Households Tower Sites RoW Caste/Ethnic Land & Agricultural Building/ Building/ Group No. % Building/ Land Structure Structure Structure Brahmin 78 26.4 23 12 4 39 Chhetri 124 41.9 41 17 2 64 Thakuri 24 8.1 6 2 1 15 Occup. Caste Damai 2 0.7 1 - - 1 Kami 19 6.4 8 3 - 8 Sarki 8 2.7 2 2 1 3 Hill Ethnic Gurung 1 0.3 - - - 1 Lama 2 0.7 2 - - - Magar 2 0.7 1 - - 1 Rai 1 0.3 1 - - - Tharu 28 9.5 5 6 - 17 Other 7 2.4 2 1 - 4 Total 296 - 92 43 8 153 Percentage 100.0 100.0 31.1 14.5 2.7 51.7 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Households from the Chhetri and Thakuri caste group account for 50% of the affected households, followed by Brahmin (26.4%), Dalit occupational caste households (9.8%) and households from indigenous groups such as the Tharu (9.5%) and hill ethnic nationalities (2.0%).

Table 4-3: Affected Households by Landholding Size Landholding Category Households Total Landholding Category Size of Holding Number % Area (ha) % Marginal Up to 0.5 ha 165 55.7 41.04 17.9 0.5 – 1.0 ha 72 24.3 54.72 23.87 Small 1.0 - 1.5 ha 22 7.4 28.84 12.58 1.5 – 2.0 ha 22 7.4 40.10 17.49 Medium 2.0 - 4.0 ha 9 3.0 26.34 11.49 Large More than 4.00 ha 6 2.0 38.20 16.66 Total 296 99.99 229.24 100 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

The 296 affected households consist of 2,048 people, 1,087 males (53.1%) and 961 females (46.9%). Most of this population will be affected by RoW clearance (47.7%) and acquisition of agricultural land for tower pad construction (33.0%) (Table 4-4). WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 4-3

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Table 4-4: Affected Population by Project Component Total Project Component and Impact Male Female Percentage Population Tower sites (land) 363 313 676 33.0 Tower sites (building/structure) 176 156 332 16.2 Tower sites (land & building/structure) 36 27 63 3.1 RoW (building/structure) 512 465 977 47.7 Total 1,087 961 2,048 100.0 Percentage 53.1 46.9 100.0 - Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Of the affected population, 1,482 (72.4%) is located in Kanchanpur District, 313 (15.3%) in Kailali District, 172 (8.4%) in Doti District and 81 (3.9%) in Dadeldhura District. Nearly one-quarter of the affected population is from Kanchanpur Municipality.

Table 4-5: Affected Population by District and VDC/Municipality Population VDC/ Municipality Households Male Female Total Kanchanpur District Daiji 39 150 138 288 Jhalari 43 148 150 298 Krishnapur 35 141 116 257 Suda 17 84 61 145 Mahendranagar 71 264 230 494 Kailali District Godavari 3 10 8 18 Malakheti 35 109 88 197 Sahajpur 16 50 48 98 Dadeldhura District Kailpalmandu 5 18 8 26 Mastamandu 8 25 30 55 Doti District Banlek 8 31 28 59 Barbatta 3 19 15 34 Latamandu 10 28 30 58 Pachnali 3 10 11 21 Total 296 1087 961 2048 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Nearly 30% of the affected population is in the 4-14 years age group, 67.0% in the 15-64 years age group and 3.5% in the 65 years and older age group (Table 4-6).

Table 4-6: Affected Population by Age Group Age Group Male Female Total Percentage 4 years and younger 84 86 170 8.3 5 to 14 214 220 434 21.2 15 to 24 274 220 494 24.1 25 to 34 211 153 364 17.8 35 to 44 102 90 192 9.4 45 to 54 87 97 184 9.0 55 to 64 73 65 138 6.7 65 to 74 27 20 47 2.3 75 and older 15 10 25 1.2 Total 1087 961 2048 100.0 Percentage 53.1 46.9 100.0 -

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Most (49.3%) of the affected population is from the Chhetri (including Thakuri) caste group, followed by Brahmin (27.1%), the Dalit occupational caste (11.4%) and the Tharu indigenous group (8%) (Table 4-7).

Table 4-7: Affected Population by Caste/Ethnic Group Caste/Ethnic Total Male Female Percentage Group Population Brahmin 296 258 554 27.1 Chhetri 445 391 836 40.8 Damai 8 6 14 0.7 Gurung 2 4 6 0.3 Kami 78 71 149 7.3 Lama 2 5 7 0.3 Magar 7 7 14 0.7 Rai 4 5 9 0.4 Sarki 35 35 70 3.4 Thakuri 94 81 175 8.5 Tharu 90 73 163 8.0 Other 26 25 51 2.5 Total 1087 961 2048 100.0 Percentage 53.1 46.9 100.0 - Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Half of the affected population 15 years and older are involved in agriculture and animal husbandry as their main occupations. Nearly 10% (mainly women) reported domestic work as their main occupation, which is likely to include household agricultural and animal husbandry activities. Just over 18% were reported to be involved in service and wage labour activities both inside and outside Nepal.

Table 4-8: Affected Population (15 Years and Older) by Occupation Main Occupation Male % Female % Total % Agriculture 322 40.8 383 58.5 705 48.8 Animal husbandry 7 0.9 10 1.5 17 1.2 Cottage industry 21 2.7 4 0.6 25 1.7 Domestic work 4 0.5 136 20.8 140 9.7 Dependent student 137 17.4 84 12.8 221 15.3 Teashop/restaurant 18 2.3 1 0.2 19 1.3 Service - inside Nepal 99 12.5 10 1.5 109 7.5 Service - outside Nepal 38 4.8 1 0.2 39 2.7 Wage labour - Nepal 52 6.6 6 0.9 58 4.0 Wage labour - outside Nepal 57 7.2 2 0.3 59 4.1 Other 34 4.3 18 2.7 52 3.6 Total 789 100.0 655 100.0 1444 100.0 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

4.4 Land

4.4.1 Permanent Land Loss

Approximately 1.5 ha of private land will be permanently acquired in 16 of the 19 project area VDCs/Municipalities for the construction of 105 tower pads. The highest loss will occur in Mahendranagar Municipality (0.32 ha); Daiji VDC (0.20 ha); Jhalari VDC (0.20 ha); Malakheti VDC (0.19 ha); Krishnapur VDC (0.16 ha); and Suda VDC (0.14 ha).

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Of the four project districts, Kanchanpur will suffer the highest loss of private land (1.02 ha), followed by Kailali (0.29 ha), Doti (0.16 ha) and Dadeldhura (0.2 ha) (Table 4-9).

Table 4-9: Private Land Required for Tower Pads No. of Towers Area of Affected VDC/Municipality on Private Land Private Land (ha) Kanchanpur District Daiji 14 0.20 Jhalari 14 0.20 Krishnapur 11 0.16 Suda 10 0.14 Mahendranagar Municipality 22 0.32 Kailali District Godawari 1 0.01 Malakheti 13 0.19 Sahajpur 6 0.09 Dadeldhura District Ganeshpur 1 0.01 Amargadi Municipality 1 0.01 Doti District Banlek 3 0.04 Barpata 1 0.01 Chhatiban 2 0.03 Ghanteshwor 4 0.06 Latamandu 1 0.01 Pachnali 1 0.01 Total 105 1.5 Source: SCI Cadastral Survey 2007.

Permanent acquisition of private land for tower construction will affect 143 households (Table 4-10). On average, each affected household will lose approximately 0.01 ha of land. Of the 1.5 ha of private land that will be permanently acquired, 23.3% belongs to households with landholdings of 0.25 ha or smaller, 22.4% to households with landholdings between 0.25 ha and 0.50 ha and the remaining 54.3% to households with landholdings larger than 0.5 ha.

Table 4-10: Permanent Land Loss by Landholding Size Landholding % of Land Loss Area % of Total Land Households (ha) Households (ha) Required Up to 0.25 38 26.5 0.35 23.3 0.2501 – 0.50 39 27.2 0.34 22.4 0.5001 – 0.75 20 13.9 0.25 16.6 0.7501 – 1.00 17 11.9 0.21 13.8 1.0001 – 1.50 11 8.0 0.14 9.3 1.5001 + 18 12.6 0.22 14.6 Total 143 100.0 1.50 100.0 Source: SCI Cadastral Survey 2007.

Only one of the 38 households with landholdings of 0.25 ha or smaller will lose more than 10% of its total landholding. Of the remaining 37 marginal landholders, 34 will lose between 5% and 10% of their total landholdings, while three will lose less than 5%. None of the remaining 105 households affected by construction of the tower pads will lose more than 10% of their total landholding.

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4.4.2 Clearing of Residential and Business Occupation in the RoW

Approximately 0.81 ha of land in the RoW, in 12 of the 19 project VDCs/Municipalities, is currently occupied for residential or business purposes and will have to be cleared of human habitation. This requirement to have the RoW free of residential and business occupation will affect an estimated 139 households. As discussed in Section 7-2, the concerned owners will retain title of the land but land use restrictions will apply.

Table 4-11: Residential and Business Occupation in the RoW Number of Houses Area of Affected VDC/Municipality in RoW Private Land (ha) Kanchanpur District Daiji 28 0.08 Jhalari 30 0.09 Krishnapur 28 0.11 Suda 6 0.03 Mahendranagar 70 0.34 Kailali District Malakheti 21 0.05 Sahajpur 8 0.03 Dadeldhura District Kailpalmandu 8 0.03 Mastamandu 3 0.01 Doti District Banlek 1 0.00 Latamandu 3 0.03 Pachnali 3 0.01 Total 209 0.81 Source: SCI Cadastral Survey 2007.

4.4.3 Land Use Restrictions

Land use restrictions will apply to all land within the transmission line RoW. For the approximately 222 ha of private land in the RoW (excluding 1.5 ha that will be permanently acquired for the tower sites), these restrictions are primarily:

• no houses or other structures permitted; • no vegetation above 3 m height; and • no storage of flammable/explosive materials.

Business activities such as vehicle parking or the storage of non-flammable/explosive materials below 3 m height will be permitted, as will residential yards, house gardens and the cultivation of cereal crops and other vegetation below 3 m height. The value of private land within the RoW may be reduced due to the imposition of these restrictions. This impact will be relatively small on agricultural land and in the Hill districts where the line will traverse relatively high from one ridge to another. However, in urban areas such as Mahendranagar and in the Terai VDCs located close to the Mahendra Rajmarg, the impact is likely to be higher. In Mahendranagar Municipality, through which 9 km of the route passes, land use restrictions will be placed on approximately 41.5 ha of private land within the RoW, some of which is residential or has potential for residential development.

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4.5 Loss of B uildings/Structures

The construction of the transmission line will involve the removal of 284 structures from the RoW in 13 of the 19 project area VDCs/Municipalities. 75 of the structures will be affected by tower pad construction and 209 by RoW establishment. The structures are owned by 204 households. Of these, 51 will be affected by tower construction and 153 by the requirement to clear the remaining RoW (Table 4-12).

Most of the building/structure losses will occur in the two Terai districts of Kanchanpur and Kailali. About 79% of the total loss will occur in Kanchanpur District, with Mahendranagar Municipality alone accounting for more than 33% of the loss.

Table 4-12: Structures Affected by Establishment of the Transmission Line Affected Structures Households Population VDC/Municipality Tower RoW Tower RoW Tower RoW Kanchanpur District Daiji 6 28 6 21 51 149 Jhalari 13 30 8 21 51 132 Krishnapur 12 28 8 22 71 145 Suda 6 6 3 5 20 41 Mahendranagar 25 70 14 42 105 282 Kailali District Malakheti 8 21 8 19 49 94 Sahajpur - 8 - 8 - 41 Dadeldhura District Kailpalmandu - 8 - 5 - 26 Mastamandu - 3 - 3 - 18 Doti District Banlek 2 1 1 1 8 9 Barpata 3 - 3 - 34 - Latamandu - 3 - 3 - 19 Pachnali - 3 - 3 - 21 Total 75 209 51 153 389 977 Percentage 26.4 73.6 25 75 28.5 71.5 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Nearly 50% of the households who stand to lose structures are from the Chhetri (including Thakuri) caste group), followed by Brahmin (27%), Tharu (11%) and Dalit households (8.8%) (Table 4-13).

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Table 4-13: Households Losing Structures by Caste/Ethnic Group Households Affected by Loss of Structures by Caste/Ethnic Group VDC/Municipality Brahmin Chhetri Tharu Dalit Hill Ethnic Other Kanchanpur District Daiji 2 13 - 9 - 3 Jhalari 7 20 - 2 - - Krisnapur 5 14 10 - 1 - Suda 4 4 - - - - Mahendranagar 30 22 1 1 - 2 Kailali District Malakheti 5 8 11 2 1 - Sahajpur 2 5 1 - - - Dadeldhura District Kailpalmandau - 5 - - - - Mastamandau - 2 - 1 - - Doti District Banlek - - - 2 - - Barpata - 3 - - - - Latamandau - 3 - - - - Pachnali - 2 - 1 - - Total 55 101 23 18 2 5 Percentage 27.0 49.5 11.3 8.8 1.0 2.4 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

The majority (62.3%) of affected structures are kachchi (semi-permanent) buildings, with a further 32.4% classified as pakki (permanent).12 About 5% of the affected structures are jhupro (rudimentary) houses. The affected kacchi structures are mainly located in the hills, while the pakki houses are mostly located in the Terai.

Table 4-14: Affected Structures by Structure Type

Type of Affected Houses and Structures Total Caste/Ethnic Jhupro Kachchi Kachchi Pakki Group Number % (hut) (A) (B) (concrete) Brahmin 1 13 28 41 83 29.2 Chhetri 8 36 56 46 146 51.4 Tharu 4 5 14 1 24 8.5 Dalit 1 8 11 2 22 7.7 Hill Ethnic 0 1 1 0 2 0.7 Other 1 1 3 2 7 2.5 Total 15 64 113 92 284 100.0 Percent 5.3 22.5 39.8 32.4 100.0 - Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Nearly 71% (201) of the 284 affected structures are used for residential purposes, 8.4% (24) for business purposes and 20.8% (59) for other uses such as cow sheds and fuelwood storage areas. The 201 residential houses are owned by 186 households. The 24 businesses are mainly tea shops, restaurants, grocery shops and fabric/sewing/tailor shops.

12 The term kachchi is used for houses constructed of mud-plastered bamboo walls with thatched roof (type A) or stone masonry or mud-plastered walls and corrugated galvanized iron sheet roofs (type B), while pakki stands for houses that are constructed of stone or brick masonry walls and cement concrete or slate (stone) roof. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 4-9

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Table 4-15: Affected Structures by Structure Use Uses of Houses and Structures Total VDC/Municipality Residential Business Others Number Percent Kanchanpur District Daiji 27 1 6 34 12.0 Jhalari 27 4 12 43 15.1 Krishnapur 27 4 9 40 14.1 Suda 9 1 2 12 4.2 Mahendranagar 60 9 26 95 33.5 Kailali District Malakheti 21 8 3 29 10.2 Sahajpur 8 - - 8 2.8 Dadeldhura District Kailpalmandu 8 - - 8 2.8 Mastamandu 3 - - 3 1.1 Doti District Banlek 2 - 1 3 1.1 Barpata 3 - - 3 1.1 Latamandu 3 - - 3 1.1 Pachnali 3 - - 3 1.1 Total 201 24 59 284 100.0 Percent 70.8 8.5 20.4 100.0 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Photo 4-1: Example of a House to be Relocated from the RoW

4.6 Population Displacement and R esettlement

An estimated 186 households, with a total population of 1,256, will have to relocate their residences due to the acquisition of houses. Details of the households facing relocation are presented in Appendix 2.

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Table 4-16: Households and Population to be Relocated Population VDC/Municipality Households Male Female Total Percentage Kanchanpur District Daiji 25 94 91 185 14.7 Jhalari 26 78 86 164 13.1 Krishnapur 26 102 79 181 14.4 Suda 8 37 24 61 4.9 Mahendranagar 53 200 175 375 29.9 Kailali District Malakheti 21 62 52 114 9.1 Sahajpur 8 18 23 41 3.3 Dadeldhura District Kailpalmandu 5 18 8 26 2.1 Mastamandu 3 7 11 18 1.4 Doti District Banlek 2 8 9 17 1.4 Barpatta 3 19 15 34 2.7 Latamandu 3 9 10 19 1.5 Pachnali 3 10 11 21 1.7 Total 186 662 594 1256 100.0 * 186 households own 201 houses; 15 affected households own more than one house; source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Among the displaced households, 95 (51.1%) belong to the Chhetri and Thakuri caste group, 51(27.4%) to the Brahmin, 19 (10.2%) to the Tharu, 15 (8.1%) to the Dalit and six (3.2%) to others including hill ethnic groups (Table 4-17).

Table 4-17: Relocated Households by Caste/Ethnic Group Caste/Ethnic Group

Total

VDC HHs

Sarki Kami Other Tharu Magar Damai Chhetri Gurung Thakuri Brahmin

Banlek 2 ------2 - - - Barbatta 3 - 3 ------Daiji 25 2 13 - - 5 - 3 - - 2 Jhalari 26 6 17 - - 2 - - 1 - - Kailpalmandu 5 - 3 - - - - - 2 - - Krishnapur 26 5 7 - 1 - - - 6 7 - Latamandu 3 - 3 ------Mahendranagar 54 29 20 - - - - - 2 1 2 Malakheti 21 4 5 - - 1 1 - - 10 - Mastamandu 3 - 2 - - - - 1 - - - Pachnali 3 - 1 1 - - - - 1 - - Sahajpur 8 2 1 - - - - - 4 1 - Suda 7 3 2 - - - - - 2 - - Total 186 51 77 1 1 8 1 6 18 19 4 Percentage 100.0 27.4 41.4 0.5 0.5 4.3 0.5 3.2 9.7 10.2 2.2 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

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15 of the 186 households facing relocation are headed by women. Of the 15 female-headed households, six belong to the Brahmin caste group, six to the Chhetri, two to the Thakuri and one to the Kami occupational caste (see also Section 7.5.4). The reported average annual income of the 15 female-headed households is NRs 70,924 compared to NRs 88,918 for the 171 male-headed households. Ten (nearly 67%) of the 15 female-headed households had reported annual incomes of NRs 70,000 or less, compared to 94 (55%) of the 171 male-headed households.13

Just over 51% of the 1,256 people facing relocation belongs to the Chhetri and Thakuri caste group, 40.4% to the Brahmin, 9.6% to the Dalit and 7.6% to the Tharu indigenous group (Table 4-18).

Table 4-18: Relocated Population by Caste/Ethnic Group Caste/Ethnic Male Female Total Percentage Group Brahmin 184 179 363 28.9 Chhetri 274 234 508 40.4 Damai 2 2 4 0.3 Gurung 2 4 6 0.5 Kami 31 34 65 5.2 Magar 2 2 4 0.3 Sarki 24 28 52 4.1 Thakuri 70 64 134 10.7 Tharu 60 35 95 7.6 Other 13 12 25 2.0 Total 662 594 1256 100.0 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

4.7 Trees

An estimated 72 fruit trees located on land required for the tower pads or on residential plots within the RoW will be removed during the construction of the transmission line. Almost all of this loss will occur in the Terai, particularly in Kanchanpur District. Among the five affected VDCs/municipalities of Kanchanpur District, Daiji VDC and Mahendranagar Municipality will lose the greatest number of fruit trees. Since the present survey only covered residential/ business properties in the RoW, additional trees located on other private land in the RoW will be affected.

13 The reported annual incomes of the 15 female-headed households ranged from NRs 25,200 to NRs 222,500, while that of the 171 male-headed households ranged from NRs 9,000 to NRs 762,000. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 4-12

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Table 4-19: Loss of Fruit Trees from Residential Land VDC/Municipality Loss of Fruit Trees Number Percent Kanchanpur District Daiji 27 37.5 Jhalari 11 15.3 Krishnapur 5 6.9 Suda 4 5.6 Mahendranagar 20 27.8 Total 67 93.1 Kailali District Malakheti 5 6.9 Total 72 100 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

4.8 Community Assets and Resources

4.8.1 Services and Facilities

No known historic or cultural sites or temples, shrines or other religious structures are located within the RoW or will be affected by the transmission line. The Shiva Temple in Sahajpur VDC and the recently built temple in Bani (Krishnapur VDC) are located close to the RoW; however they will not be affected by the line as it will be strung well above these areas and will not impede the movement of people.

The proposed alignment route may result in the relocation of a one-roomed child care centre in Daiji VDC. No other community facilities are anticipated to be affected by the project.

4.8.2 Community Forests

Community forest management occurs in 30 forests crossed by the proposed RoW, with more extensive distribution of these forests in the two hill districts crossed by the route compared with the Terai districts (Table 4-20). In Doti District, 13 community forests are crossed by the transmission line route, in Dadeldhura District 13, in Kailali District two, and in Kanchanpur District four.

Most community forests are managed effectively, promoting sustainable forest use after previous overuse. Certain activities like lopping and selective felling have continued following the handing over of forests to communities. Communities allow users to collect fodder, and as a result lopping is common among fodder species.

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Table 4-20: Community Forests Along the Transmission Line Route District Community Forest Location Forest Area Users (ha) (no.) Doti Durga Sera Danda, Banlek VDC-6 Proposed Durgadevi Garud, Chhatiwan-7 2,612 52 Durgadevi Parsuram Rupaskanda, Chhatiwan VDC-9 183 53 Gangaleki Banlek VDC-1,2 Proposed Ghanteswor Ghanteswor VDC-1 495.5 688 Belchaur Gopghat, Latamandu-8 25 112 Kalphalkateswor Chhatiwan-3 183.49 118 Kapalgada Ghanteswor VDC-8 263 36 Laligurans Ghanteswor VDC-8 Proposed Nawadurga Kerabari, Chhatiwan-8 156.84 61 Parsuram Rupaskanda Chhatiwan-9 109.6 32 Raniban Godar, Ghantwswor VDC-2,3 772.76 101 Ranipokhari Chhatiwan-4 126.37 34 Salyan Banlek VDC-3,7,8,9 Proposed Titarsalla Tintali, Latamandu-9 Proposed Triweni Chhatiwan- 356 52 Vageswor Chhatiwan-8 85.31 40 Vagwati Banlek-6, Kaipalmandau-1 120 179 Dadeldhura Adarsha Saukharka, Aassigram VDC-1 87.23 35 Badesim Chiuri Pahad Rai Gaon, Amarghadhi Municipality-10 40 27 Chatola Amargadhi Municipality-10 Proposed Chitrakut Vanakot, Gamnkhet VDC-8 61.99 44 Ghanteswor Deupal Badet, Aassigram VDC-6 92.75 50 Janaki Matkatiya, Aassigram VDC-3 318 77 Kailpal Band, Amargadhi Municipality-1 25 13 Khadeli Vatkanda, Aassigram VDC-6 91.25 Kulam Seltanda, Mastamandu-4 Proposed Lamchuchure Setgaon, Aassigram VDC-5 128 26 Nuwakot Sakayal, Mastamandu-6 155 128 Rai Rai Gaon, Amarghadhi Municipality-10 Proposed Shanti Band, Amargadhi Municipality-1 12.5 29 Shree Sahashralinga Amargadhi Municipality-1 83 200 Tham Sakayal, Mastamandu-8, 9 122 164 Vageswor Proposed Vuwaneswori Vuwaneswori, Mastamandu-5 185 159 Kailali Panchawali Sahajpur-6 Proposed Gadikamala Sahajpur-7 Proposed Kanchanpur Dipendra Smriti Krishnapur-1,2 274 280 Greenbelt Chauri Basantathata, Daiji-5 Proposed 170 Shree Krishna Jhaladi-9 447 211 Bachheda Dharampur, Daiji-3 280.35 416 Baitada Daiji-4 504 343 Source: EIA Volume 1: Main Report.

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5. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAME WOR K

This Chapter provides a summary of national legislation and policies and international best practice guidelines pertaining to involuntary resettlement.

5.1 National C ontext

Nepal does not have legislation that specifically addresses involuntary resettlement. There is legislation covering land acquisition/appropriation and constitutional guarantees to the right to property and the right to compensation for property acquired under the law. Recently, the country’s National Planning Commission (NPC) prepared a policy paper, which is yet to be approved by GoN, on land acquisition, compensation and resettlement.

5.1.1 Constitutional Guarantees

Article 19 of the Interim Constitution (2063 (2007)), Right to Property, states that “(1) Every citizen shall, subject to the laws in force, have the right to acquire, own, sell and otherwise dispose of the property. (2) The State shall not, except in the public interest, requisition, acquire, or create any encumbrance on the property of any person. Provided that this clause shall not be applicable on property acquired through illegal means. (3) Compensation shall be provided for any property requisitioned, acquired or encumbered by the State in implementing scientific land reform programme or in public interest in accordance with law. The compensation and basis thereof and operation procedure shall be as prescribed by law.”

5.1.2 Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (1977)

The acquisition of land is governed by the Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (1977), first promulgated in 1961 (Land Acquisition Act, 2018). The cumbersome procedures of the Act reportedly contributed to project delays and a new version was promulgated in 1977 in an effort to streamline the acquisition process.

The procedures in the Act are broadly categorised as: (a) Initial Procedures, (b) Preliminary Process, (c) Notice of Acquisition, and (d) Compensation Determination and Eligibility. These are depicted in Figure 5-1and summarised below.

Initial Procedures

The Department or Agency requiring the land forwards a proposal for acquisition to its superior Ministry. The proposal must show the location, area of land required, purpose, and maps. Initial approval can take approximately one month.

Preliminary Process

The Preliminary Process starts with the issuing of a notice (within seven days but up to one month if more than one district is involved) to landowners to inform them of the preliminary investigations by the Project Investigation Officer (PIO). The preliminary investigation can commence three days after the notice had been issued.

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Ministerial Approval

§ Notice served within one month if more than Notice of one district involved Preliminary Action § Served at public places (PA) § Served at door if house acquired

§ PA can commence three days after issuing of notice Commence PA

§ Report submitted within 15 days of issuing PA notice Submit PA Compensation for § Process transferred to CDO Conclusion Report Damages

Complaints to CDO

Submit Complaints § Served at public places; personal notice where required Issue Acquisition § Specify period for claims submission Notice § Specify evacuation period § Freeze land transactions § Complaints submitted within 7 days, excl. Submit MOH decides travelling time to district office Compensation within 15 days or Court of Law § At least 15 days to submit compensation Claims to Court of Law claims

Compensation Determination (CDC) § After lapse of complaint period § After complaint resolution CDO takes § Transfer of land titles within 15 days of taking Control of Land control of land; owner advised of land Complaints to transfer Publish List of MOH § CDO empowered to hear/decide cases Entitled Persons § Penalties/fines for obstruction of acquisition (within 15 days) process

Inform GoN of Compensation

§ 50% advance payment for house § No timeframe for other compensation Compensation payments Payments

Figure 5-1: Flowchart of the Land Acquisition Process

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The PIO is required to submit a report within 15 days of the issuing of the notice. This report must contain all pertinent information, as well as details of the extent of damage caused during the preliminary investigations and compensation due for these damages. The process is then transferred to the Local Officer (Chief District Officer), who must arrange for the serving of notices at the principal places of public thoroughfare, at local settlement offices and on the door of affected houses.

Notice of Acquisition

The Local Officer is required to prepare a Notice of Acquisition, which indicates that the assets under consideration are to be acquired. The notice must provide details on the type and location of the required properties. The Local Officer must also advise the District Land Revenue Offices to stop any transactions on the concerned land.

The concerned owners are granted at least 15 days from the issuing of the notice to submit an application for compensation (with the necessary supporting documents), or seven days (excluding travelling time to the district office) to submit a letter of complaint/contest. The Ministry of Home Affairs is normally required to make a decision on a complaint within 15 days, unless further information is required, or unless the complaint has to be solved in a court of law (e.g. ownership disputes).

The concerned properties can be acquired at any time after the lapse of a period granted for the lodging of complaints, or after a final decision on a complaint has been made. The Local Officer must arrange for the transfer of ownership to GoN within 15 days of taking control of the land.

Compensation Determination and Eligibility

A Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) is established to assess the list of compensation claims and determine compensation rates for the lost assets. A list of entitled persons is prepared and submitted to the Local Officer for publication. Anyone who disagrees with the list can register a complaint with the Ministry of Home Affairs within 15 days of the issuing of the notice. The Ministry is required to solve any complaints within approximately 15 days, except for those which have to be resolved in a court of law.

5.1.3 Land Act, 1964

The provisions of the Land Act 1964 pertaining to the maximum permitted size of individual landholdings apply to land acquisition since a landowner may not be compensated for more land than he/she is entitled to under the regulations of the Act. The Act also specifies the compensation entitlements of registered tenants on land sold by the owner or acquired for development purposes. The provisions of the Land Acquisition Act are in accordance with those of the Land Act, namely that a registered tenant is entitled to 25% of the compensation. However, the fourth amendment of the Land Act in 1997 increased a tenant’s entitlement to 50%.

5.1.4 National Policy on Land Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement

The National Policy on Land Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement in Development Projects in Nepal was prepared in September 2006 by the National Planning Commission (NPC). The Policy was approved by a ministerial working committee and the NPC but has yet to be approved by Cabinet. The Policy has the following guiding principles:

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• “Appropriate and adequate compensation for the loss of assets or income is a fundamental right of all project affected persons. Physically displaced people must be relocated with basic amenities such as school, health posts and other facilities. • All affected persons should be assisted to restore at least their pre-project income and livelihood sources. • The absence of legal title to land should not be a bar for compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation assistance. • Vulnerable groups such as Janajati/Adivasi, Dalits, landless, women, especially women-headed households, differently-abled, poverty groups and senior citizens are entitled to special benefit and assistance packages in addition to compensation and resettlement.”

Drawing upon the provisions of the ADB’s and World Bank’s involuntary resettlement policies, and building on current resettlement practices in the country, the Policy establishes a range of compensation entitlements for people affected by development projects. Amongst others, this includes:

• cash compensation at full market value (equivalent to replacement value) for all acquired land if the provision of replacement land is not feasible; with the stipulation that a person who becomes a marginal landholder as a result of land acquisition should be provided with replacement land of equivalent productivity or value; • cash compensation at replacement cost for the loss of all structures (residential, business and other structures), with no deduction for depreciation or for salvageable materials; or provision of a replacement house; • cash compensation for private trees based on the annual value of the produce; • compensation for the loss of income from rented buildings; • cash compensation for the loss of standing crops; and • compensation to registered tenants and sharecroppers, equivalent to 50% of the compensation for the concerned area of land and lost crops.

A new (and possibly contentious) provision for transmission lines and similar linear developments is a Policy recommendation that land in the project’s right of way (i.e. below the transmission lines) should be acquired and leased back – with land use restrictions if required – to the original owner. The compensation entitlement will be the “value of the land at the cut-off date minus the value of the rental for the period of lease.”

The Policy states that squatters and non-titled landholders are not entitled to compensation for the land they occupy. However, those who have earned their livelihoods from access to/use of the land for more than three years prior to the project’s compensation cut-off date should, wherever possible, be provided with replacement land on a lease basis. They should also be assisted in their efforts to legalise their tenure in order to qualify for compensation.

Rehabilitation measures proposed by the Policy include:

• proper resettlement planning, including developed relocation sites with amenities/easy access to amenities; • for resettled farming communities, homesteads sites of sufficient size for storage of agricultural produce, keeping of livestock and for kitchen gardens; • employment on the project, where possible, to at least one member of each affected household, with half of the employment opportunities reserved for women; and • additional relocation and rehabilitation support measures, particularly to displaced households, severely affected households, women and vulnerable people.

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5.1.5 Tenth Plan 2002-2007

The Tenth Plan 2002-2007 focuses on poverty reduction in Nepal from 38% to 30% of the population through:

• broad based economic growth; • social sector development including human development; • targeted programmes, including social inclusion, in order to bring poor and marginalized groups into the mainstream of development, together with targeted programmes for the ultra poor, vulnerable and deprived groups; and • good governance.

It targets the supply of electricity to 53%-55% of the country’s population across 2,450-2,600 Village Development Committees (VDCs). Similarly, it aims at providing improved water supply to 83%-85% of the population of Nepal within the five-year period. The targeted literacy rate during the Plan period is between 68%-70%.

5.1.6 Hydropower Development Policy, 2001

The Hydropower Development Policy 2001 emphasises hydropower as an alternative energy source and hydropower development with due consideration to environmental conservation. It stresses on the need for the implementation of mitigation measures in project-affected areas and states that resettlement and rehabilitation works be conducted as required by the approved criteria of the GoN.

Section 6.1.2 of the Policy states that the GoN may facilitate the acquisition of requisite houses and land by the project licensee in accordance with the prevailing laws of the country, however all expenses incurred in connection with acquisition must be borne by the licensee. The Policy also provides for lease of Government-owned land to the project licensee for the term of the license.

5.1.7 Local Self Governance Regulation, 2000

The Local Self Governance Regulation 2000 empowers local bodies to coordinate and implement development programmes and to rationally utilise local natural resources. Article 7 (68) of the Regulation empowers VDCs to monitor and supervise development works implemented in a VDC.

Under Schedule 26 (4) of the Regulation, half the royalty paid to the GoN by a hydropower project should be used for local development with the concerned development region.

5.1.8 Compensation and Resettlement Practices on Transmission Line Projects in Nepal

The Kathmandu Valley High Voltage Reinforcement Project (1993-1997), funded by the World Bank, was one of the first transmission line projects to supplement the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act with international best practice entitlements (NEA 2004). The project included the following arrangements and entitlements:

• inclusion of representatives from affected communities on the Compensation Determination Committee; • full compensation (based on market prices) for permanent land acquisition; • cash compensation (10% of the value) for land use restrictions in the RoW, with owners retaining title over the land; • cash compensation (based on District Forest Office valuation) for trees and crops;

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• cash compensation (based on district valuation norms) for houses and structures, with owners entitled to salvageable materials; • an additional 10% of the value of the structures for the transportation of salvaged materials.

Most subsequent transmission line projects have incorporated these provisions, including the Khimti- Bhaktapur-Balaju project, the Lalpur-Gaddahcauki project, the Chilime-Trishuli-Devighat project, the Lower Marsyangdi-Middle Marsyangdi project and the Thankot-Chapagaon-Bhaktapur project (NEA 2004).

5.2 ADB Policy Guidelines

The ADB published its Policy on Involuntary Resettlement in November 1995, with the aim of providing a mechanism for avoiding or minimizing involuntary resettlement on ADB-financed projects. In cases where displacement is unavoidable, the policy requires that affected people be identified, consulted, compensated for lost assets and livelihoods and assisted in relocating and in re-establishing their livelihoods.

The ADB has also prepared the following additional policies and tools dealing with involuntary resettlement: Policy on Indigenous Peoples (1998); Handbook on Involuntary Resettlement (1998); and Gender Checklist: Resettlement (2003).

The overall objective of the ADB’s policy on Involuntary Resettlement is to ensure that no one is disadvantaged by ADB-financed projects, and that the livelihoods of affected people are restored and wherever possible enhanced through using resettlement as an opportunity for development. The basic principles of ADB policy are:

• involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible; • where population displacement is unavoidable, it should be minimized by exploring all viable project options; • people unavoidably displaced should be compensated and assisted, so that their economic and social future would be generally as favourable as it would have been in the absence of the project; • people affected should be informed fully and consulted on resettlement and compensation options; • existing social and cultural institutions of resettlers and their hosts should be supported and used to the greatest extent possible, and resettlers should be integrated economically and socially into host communities; • the absence of a formal legal title to land by some affected groups should not be a bar to compensation. Particular attention should be paid to households headed by women and other vulnerable groups, such as indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities, and appropriate assistance provided to help them improve their status; • as far as possible, involuntary resettlement should be conceived and executed as a part of a project; and • the full costs of resettlement and compensation should be included in the presentation of project costs and benefits.

The ADB also requires the borrower to follow good practice in the resettlement planning stage, where the following key elements are required to be incorporated in public sector projects:

• Take all steps to minimise or eliminate involuntary resettlement where feasible by exploring viable alternative design options.

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• Define the parameters of likely resettlement at an early Initial Social Assessment (ISA) stage, and include appropriate Terms of Reference for a Project Preparation Technical Assistance (PPTA) feasibility study. • Conceptualise and implement resettlement measures as development programmes, to be part of all projects, including sector, private sector and co-financed projects, and loans to development finance institutions. • Complete socioeconomic surveys and census of people affected early in the project preparation to identify all losses from land acquisition and all affected persons and to avoid an influx of outsiders or speculators. • Involve all stakeholders in a consultative process especially all affected persons, including vulnerable groups. • Compensate all affected persons, including those without title to land, for all their losses at replacement rates (the costs of resettlement and compensation may be considered for inclusion in bank loan financing for a project); • Where relocation of housing is required, develop relocation options in consultation with affected persons and host communities, in order to restore living standards. Where income and livelihoods are affected, establish appropriate income restoration programmes with objectives to improve, or at least restore, their productive base. • Provide a social preparation process for people affected when they are vulnerable, or when there is social tension associated with displacement. Prepare a time-bound Resettlement Plan with appropriate provisions and sources of funding before appraisal.

In Nepal, the ADB policy on involuntary resettlement has been followed on the Kaligandaki A Hydropower Project, the Road Network Development Project (RNDP) and is to be implemented on the Decentralised Rural Infrastructure and Livelihoods Project.

5.3 WS HE P Approach

WSH is committed to ensure that all compensation and resettlement activities associated with the project as a whole are undertaken in compliance with relevant local legislation. WSH also acknowledges the need to incorporate best practice involuntary resettlement guidelines, as embodied in the policies of the ADB, in its resettlement programme to address any gaps/limitations in the local legislation and to ensure the proper rehabilitation of affected persons. To this end, a set of resettlement principles have been developed to guide project preparation and implementation. These principles are detailed in Table 5-1.

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Table 5-1: Resettlement Principles for the Talkot-Mahendranagar Transmission Line Principle Guideline Principle 1: a) The project will be guided by the principle to avoid or minimise involuntary Population displacement and resettlement wherever possible. resettlement will be minimised wherever possible. Principle 2: a) An inventory of project affected assets and resources will be undertaken in full All Project impacts will be identified consultation with the concerned households, communities and authorities. and all losses properly recorded. b) Untitled landowners will be assisted in their efforts to obtain Government registration of their land for compensation purposes, provided that their eligibility for such assistance has been confirmed through the community participation structure. c) A database of all project affected persons will be established which will include for each household: • an inventory of landholdings and non-retrievable improvements (buildings and structures) to determine fair and reasonable levels of compensation and mitigation; • census information, detailing household composition and demography; • current livelihood earning activities. d) The asset inventories will be used to determine entitlements and to assist with the identification of severely project affected persons, while the census information will be used to monitor household reestablishment. All information will be entered into the database to facilitate planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Principle 3: a) Land acquisition and involuntary resettlement will be integral components of the Land acquisition, resettlement project. The following approach will be adopted: planning, budgeting and • land acquisition and resettlement costs will be built into the overall project implementation will be an integral budget as an upfront cost; part of the Project. • an institutional and organisational framework will be established as an integral part of the project’s management structure. These mechanisms and arrangements will ensure that compensation, resettlement and household re-establishment are carried out promptly and effectively; and • land acquisition and resettlement schedules will be integrated with the project’s development schedule. Areas required by the project will only be occupied after acquisition and resettlement activities have been successfully completed. Principle 4: a) Persons whose livelihoods and standards of living will be adversely affected by Ongoing and meaningful public project activities - whether through involuntary resettlement, loss of assets or consultation will occur. through being deprived of resources - have the right: • to be informed in time of project proposals and implementation schedules; • to be consulted on measures to restore their livelihoods, and to participate in the final selection and design of such measures; and • to be informed of displacement and land acquisition dates sufficiently in advance of actual implementation. b) Consultation and participation will occur throughout the project cycle - preparation, implementation and monitoring/evaluation. c) A project consultation and participation structure will be established. This structure will: • create avenues for the sharing of information; • build local capacity to assess project impacts and implementation issues, and to identify remedial/corrective measures; • promote participation in all aspects of the resettlement programme.

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Principle Guideline Principle 5: a) The pre-project livelihoods of affected persons will be restored and ultimately Affected persons will be assisted to improved through the provision of: restore, and ultimately to improve, • fair, equitable and prompt compensation for the loss of assets attributable their livelihoods. to the project; • housing support (cash or replacement housing) and residential site support (cash or replacement site) where physical relocation is required; and • resettlement support measures (e.g. evacuation and displacement allowances) where physical relocation is required. Principle 6: a) Particular attention will be paid to adverse impacts on vulnerable households/ Vulnerable groups will be social categories such as the elderly and physically disabled, female-headed specifically catered for. households and indigenous groups who may be vulnerable to changes brought about by project activities or excluded from its benefits. Members of these groups are often not able to make their voice heard effectively, and account will be taken of this in consultation and planning processes, as well as in the establishment of grievance procedures. Principle 7: • Any communities affected by resettlement activities (host communities) will be Host communities will be considered as project affected groups. They will be represented on the project’s considered as Project-affected community liaison and participation structure so that they can participate in the parties. planning and implementation of project-related activities in their areas and benefit from developments associated with resettlement activities. Principle 8: a) Accessible grievance procedures will be implemented, with particular concern Grievance and monitoring for the situation of vulnerable groups. procedures will be in place. b) Monitoring procedures will be implemented to assess the effectiveness of land acquisition, compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration. Monitoring will be an ongoing activity, employing mechanisms such as internal monitoring, quantitative and qualitative socio-economic monitoring and external evaluation. Principle 9: a) Resettlement planning will take account of: Resettlement planning will take • any current/planned government developments in the project and area, account of the regional socio- including initiatives to address poverty; and economic development context. • any current/planned NGO/funding agency initiatives in the region. Principle 10: • Resettlement planning and implementation will comply with project policies Resettlement planning and and the provisions of relevant national legislation pertaining to: implementation will comply with all • environmental management; legal and policy provisions. • public participation and disclosure; • land tenure, occupation, acquisition and compensation; • local government, development and service provision.

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6. CONSULTATION AND PUBLIC DIS CLOS UR E

A comprehensive consultation process was undertaken during preparation of the EIA and RP. This included group meetings with men and women from communities along the transmission line route, a comprehensive household socio-economic questionnaire survey, the distribution of information sheets and a programme of public hearings.

6.1 Consultation Process

6.1.1 Group Meetings

Emphasis was placed on consultation with affected communities along the transmission line route and its adjoining areas to inform people about the proposed transmission line and give them an opportunity to express their views. This involved group discussions with men and women, as well as VDC/Ward- level checklist surveys involving representation from business people, social workers, politicians, school teachers, women volunteers, students, the youth and farmers.

Initial group meetings were held in January 2007 during the VDC/Ward-level checklist surveys. The meetings were informal and designed to introduce the proposed transmission line and the EIA process to local communities.

A second round of group meetings was held in February 2007 during the household survey. These meetings sought to further inform local people, former VDC chairmen, representatives of political parties, NGOs and other concerned stakeholders about the status of WSHEP development and the preparations for the transmission line EIA, to gather their concerns and to collect social baseline information. A large number of people attended the meetings (Table 6-1).

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Table 6-1: Summary of Social Survey Fieldwork and Local Consultation Activity Number of Participants Ward-Level Meetings Municipality Date / Group Discussion and Checklist Survey Female Male VDC-Level Meetings First round consultation 10/1/2007 Mahendranagar Municipality (5 wards) 42 52 14 10/1/2007 Suda VDC (3 wards) 28 37 17 11/12007 Daiji VDC (5 wards) 47 58 18 11/1/2007 Jhalari VDC (4 wards) 39 46 19 12/1/2007 Krisnapur VDC (4 wards) 42 49 17 12/1/2007 Malakheti VDC (3 wards) 23 28 14 13/1/2007 Godawari VDC (1 ward) 10 13 19 13/1/2007 Sahajpur VDC (4 wards) 39 43 21 14/1/2007 Chhatiwan VDC (3 wards) 25 32 17 14/1/2007 Ghanteshwar VDC (2 wards) 22 28 14 15/1/2007 Ganeshpur VDC (2 wards) 17 22 15 15/1/2007 Asigram VDC (2 wards) 18 23 17 16/1/2007 Amargadhi Municipality (2 wards) 18 21 16 16/1/2007 Mastamandau VDC (1 ward) 7 11 14 17/1/2007 Latamandau VDC (2 wards) 17 23 15 18/1/2007 Banlek VDC (3 wards) 23 29 16 19/1/2007 Pachanali VDC (1 ward) 9 13 16 Second round consultation Separate focus group discussion with male Total meetings: 45 in affected VDCs/ Munic. 6/2/2007 to and female groups of affected VDC/ Total female participants: 253 (in 22 meetings) 19/2/2007 municipality Total male participants: 287 (in 23 meetings) 6/2/2007 Household questionnaire survey - - - 19/2/2007 Household questionnaire survey - - - Household questionnaire survey along 3/4/2007 - - - revised alignment Household questionnaire survey along 13/4/2007 - - - revised alignment

6.1.2 Household Survey

A socio-economic survey of 399 households in and proximate to the transmission line RoW was conducted from 6-19 February 2007. The survey was conducted by a trained team of enumerators under the close supervision of two sociologists and guidance from a senior socio-economist. The household survey provided respondents an opportunity to express their views and concerns about the project.

6.1.3 Information Sheets

An information sheet in Nepali was distributed during the household questionnaire survey to each household likely to be affected by land and/or house acquisition. The sheet provided information on the status of WSHEP, the proposed transmission line route, line design features and on-going studies including the social survey. It also contained information about target groups and impacts on entitlement. Approximately 500 copies of the information sheet were distributed.

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6.1.4 Major Issues Raised

Issues Raised in Group Meetings

The following major issues were raised in the various group meetings:

Project Information and Planning

• Information about project development (i.e. agreements made between the Government and WSH) should be transparent, with the affected people made fully aware of any agreements. • Project agreements affecting local people should be made in consultation with the affected people, not solely at central level. • Affected people should be involved in the decision-making process. • A Nepali version of the EIA should be provided to affected people. • The project should provide a written resettlement and compensation guarantee to affected people.

Resettlement

• Resettlement should be undertaken in accordance with international standards and principles. • Arrangements for resettlement should be made before construction commences.

Compensation

• Fair compensation should be provided for assets and community resources lost due to project implementation. • Replacement houses should have all necessary facilities.

Training and Institutional Arrangements

• The project should play a positive role in improving the living standards of affected people. • Preference should be given to local people for construction employment. Due preference must be given to the employment of women and Dalits. • Skill development training should be provided to Dalit and other ethnic groups. • The Dalit community should be represented on project committees.

All relevant issues have been addressed in the EIA and RP. In general, people involved in the group discussions were positive towards the project.

Issues Raised in Household Survey

Household respondents were asked to indicate whether they were positive of negative about the proposed transmission line. As shown, in Table 6-2, more than 85% were positive about the project, with only 4% negative, and the remaining either neutral or unsure about the project.

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Table 6-2: Attitude of Household Respondents Towards the Project Don’t Know/ District Positive Negative Neutral Total Unsure Dadeldhura 13 - - - 13 Doti 21 1 2 - 24 Kailali 49 - 1 4 54 Kanchanpur 170 11 8 16 205 Total 253 12 11 20 296 Percentage 85.5 4.0 3.7 6.8 100.0 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

The household questionnaire contained six statements about the project and its impacts. These statements were read out to respondents who had to indicate their agreement or disagreement to each statement. The statements were:

• Statement 1: I support the project because it will lead to the development of the area. • Statement 2: The project will have a negative effect on my standard of living. • Statement 3: As long as fair compensation is paid for my affected assets, I will support the project. • Statement 4: The project will provide opportunities for me to sell my crops/vegetables. • Statement 5: The project will provide me the opportunity to start a small business. • Statement 6: We will be able to improve our livelihoods by earning money on construction jobs.

The results are summarised in Table 6-3. Nearly 81% of the household respondents agreed with statement 1 and statement 3, while a relatively small number (14.5%) agreed with statement 2. Statements 4 to 5, which all relate to potential income-earning opportunities associated with the project, elicited agreement from respondents ranging from 40.2% to 59.8%.

Table 6-3: Respondents in Agreement with Statements about the Project

Caste/Ethnic Total Household Respondents Agreeing to Statement: Group Households 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brahmin 78 69 17 65 20 26 38 Chhetri 124 96 15 98 59 63 75 Damai 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 Gurung 1 - - 1 - - - Kami 19 16 2 13 11 11 13 Lama 2 1 - 1 - - 2 Magar 2 2 - - - 1 1 Other 7 5 1 5 2 3 4 Rai 1 1 - - - - - Sarki 8 6 - 8 3 3 6 Thakuri 24 18 2 20 8 9 14 Tharu 28 24 5 26 14 17 22 Total 296 239 43 239 119 135 177 Percentage - 80.7 14.5 80.7 40.2 45.6 59.8 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Households facing relocation were asked to indicate whether they would be satisfied with cash compensation for the loss of their residential structures and the provision of project relocation support measures (e.g. assistance to secure a new residential site in the vicinity, cash or in-kind assistance with the preparation of new sites and shifting allowances). An overwhelming majority (92.5%) of the 186 households facing relocation indicated their satisfaction with this arrangement, with only one respondent registering a negative reply (Table 6-4). WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 6-4

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Table 6-4: Response to Cash Compensation for House/Structure Losses Response to Cash Compensation for House Loss and Provision of Relocation Assistance VDC/Municipality No Households Satisfied Unsatisfied Response Banlek 3 2 - 1 Barpatta 3 3 - - Daiji 25 22 - 3 Jhalari 26 25 1 - Kailpalmandu 5 5 - - Krishnapur 27 23 - 4 Latamandu 3 3 - - Mahendranagar 52 52 - - Malakheti 21 19 - 2 Mastamandu 3 2 - 1 Pachnali 3 3 - Sahajpur 8 8 - Suda 7 5 - 2 Total 186 172 1 13 Percentage 100.0 92.5 0.5 7.0 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Respondents were also asked to indicate whether they would be satisfied with cash compensation for permanent land loss at the tower sites. Nearly 80% of the 143 concerned households indicated their satisfaction with this arrangement. Although there was no opposition to this provision, 29 households did not respond to the question (Table 6-4).

Table 6-5: Response to Cash Compensation for Permanent Land Loss Response to Cash Compensation for Permanent Land Loss VDC/ Municipality No Households Satisfied Unsatisfied Response Banlek 7 7 - - Barbatta 3 3 - - Daiji 18 15 - 3 Godavari 3 1 - 2 Jhalari 22 17 - 5 Krishnapur 13 10 - 3 Latamandu 7 7 - - Mahendranagar 29 29 - - Malakheti 16 7 - 9 Mastamandu 5 5 - - Sahajpur 8 3 - 5 Suda 12 10 - 2 Total 143 114 0 29 Percentage 100.0 79.7 0.0 20.3 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

6.1.5 Public Hearings

In accordance with the requirements of Schedule 7(2) of the EPR and ADB guidelines, public hearings were conducted in Dadeldhura (Amargadhi Municipality, Dadeldhura District) and Mahendranagar (Mahendranagar Municipality, Kanchanpur District) on 26 and 28 July 2007 respectively. The public hearing in Amargadhi Municipality was intended for stakeholders from Doti and Dadeldhura Districts)

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and the hearing in Mahendranagar Municipality for stakeholders from Kanchanpur and Kailali Districts. The objectives of the public hearings were to:

• inform local people, NGOs, line agencies and other stakeholders about the technical, environmental and social aspects of the project; • update stakeholders about the current status of the project and on-going activities; • receive public comment on the project; and • revise the EIA report based on the concerns and suggestions of the local people, where relevant.

A public notice inviting stakeholders to participate in the hearings and to provide written concerns and suggestions was published on 17 July 2007 (2064/4/1 B.S.) in the Nepali national daily newspaper Kantipur and the English national daily newspaper The Kathmandu Post. The notice was also published in the local newspaper Abhiyan Daily that has wide circulation in the four affected districts. In addition, copies of the public notice were posted on notice boards in each affected VDC, Municipality and major settlement. The public hearings were also advertised on Kalika FM (a radio station with wide coverage in the project districts), while captions were broadcast over cable television in Attariya and Mahendranagar.

Invitation letters requesting representation at the hearings were sent to the concerned GoN ministries and departments (MoEST, MoWR, DoED, MoFSC and DNPWC), as well as affected VDCs and Municipalities, political parties, NGOs, community forest user groups, the Federation of Community Forests, the Women Development Organisation and the Forum of Nepal Journalists.

A three-member team was mobilised prior to the public hearings to post public notices and meet government officials. The team met or left notices for the CDOs, District Development Officers and District Forest Officers in each affected district, as well as local NGOs and journalists, inviting them to participate in the public hearings. The team also visited most of the settlements of the affected wards to provide information about the hearings.

A total of 302 people attended the two hearings (Table 6-6). Nine different caste/ethnic groups participated in the Dadeldhura public hearing. The majority of the participants were Chettri (57.3%) and Brahmin (21.3%). Participants came from 10 VDCs and one municipality of the project area, with maximum participation from Amargadhi Municipality (28.6%) and Chattiwan VDC (20.4%). The majority of the participants were from the agriculture sector (41.8%), with about a quarter from the services sector. Twelve caste/ethnic groups participated in the Mahendranagar public hearing, mainly consisting of Brahmin (33.8%), Chettri (26.6%) and Hill Dalit (13.8%). People from almost every affected VDC/municipality in Kanchanpur District and from Sahajpur and Godawari VDCs, Kailali District, attended, with the largest group of attendees coming from Mahendranagar Municipality (50%).

Table 6-6: Public Hearing Venues and Participants Hearing Venue Date Number of Participants 1 Conference Hall of District Development Committee, 26 July 2007 122 Amargadhi, Dadeldhura District. 2 Conference Hall of District Development Committee, 28 July 2007 180 Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur District.

A Nepali information booklet was distributed to participants,14 containing information on the reasons for the project, a brief project description, baseline environmental conditions in the area, potential environmental and social impacts, proposed mitigation measures and a summary of the EIA findings.

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At each public hearing, the EIA Team Leader made a presentation about the proposed route, line design and key environmental and social impacts. This included describing the three route alternatives that were considered and an explanation of the major criteria used to select the proposed route. The Draft EIA, a route alignment map and photographs were displayed at the hearings. The hearing proceedings were video recorded and photographs were taken. Representatives of the local and national media also took video recordings of the hearings.

The views expressed by various stakeholders during the comment session by political parties, other stakeholders and representatives of ministries, departments and district-level line agencies, as well as during the question and answer session, are detailed in the EIA and summarised below, with a focus on views pertaining to social impacts and associated mitigation measures.

General

Representatives of political parties generally referred to the impacts of the project on Nepal in general and the FWDR in particular. Some representatives were of the opinion that the project, focussing on the export of the generated electricity to India, was not beneficial to the country, and that the generated electricity should first be distributed in the FWDR, with surplus energy exported to India. Other speakers were of the opinion that the project will enhance the economic development of the country and region, and that GoN should receive maximum benefits from the project.

Route Alignment

A number of the speakers, particularly at the Mahendranagar hearing, were of the opinion that sections of the route should be realigned, either for environmental or social reasons.

Compensation and Resettlement

Most speakers, particularly at the Mahendranagar hearing, were opposed to a project recommendation to pay owners with land in the ROW that will not be acquired by the project an amount equivalent to 10% of the value of the portion within the ROW as compensation for the possible devaluation of the land. Some speakers stated that the percentage should be increased, while others demanded payment to the value of 100% (i.e. full compensation).

Resettlement issues were mainly raised at the Amargadhi hearing, often in relation to the relocation of households from the reservoir area. Statements included that WSH should guarantee proper resettlement of people from the reservoir area, and that resettlement issues should be resolved through negotiation. Other statements made by speakers regarding compensation and resettlement included that compensation for land and houses within the RoW should be clearly defined in consultation with affected households; that compensation for losses should be provided prior to project implementation; and that resettlement procedures should be completed prior to project implementation.

6.1.6 Follow-Up Presentation in Mahendranagar Municipality

On 8 July 2008, a follow-up workshop presentation was made to 25 government officials, landowners and other stakeholders in the Mahendranagar area. The aim of the workshop was to fully explain the transmission line route selection process and the proposed resettlement and compensation measures to the stakeholders.

The main issues raised by the stakeholders were:

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• use of an alternative route to avoid either Mahendranagar Municipality completely or areas near the Mahendra Rajmarg near Mahendranagar, as well as Shuklaphata Wildlife Reserve; • adequate compensation for right-of-way (RoW) land use restrictions and other losses of affected people.

Attendees suggested a number of alternative routes to avoid the Mahendranagar area. Each of the options and their constraints were discussed.

Many comments asking that one of the other routes be used appeared to be founded on a fear that compensation for affected land will not be paid or it will be inadequate, as has been the case for past easements through the area. Once a presentation and discussion on compensation had occurred, some people were satisfied that they would be adequately compensated.

6.2 Plans for Future Disclosure and Consultation

6.2.1 EIA and RP Disclosure

The draft EIA, including a stand-alone version of the RP, will be displayed in the DDC offices of the four affected districts, the Central Library of Tribhuvan University, MoWR and MoEST libraries and the WSH project office in Kathmandu, immediately after submission to the government. MoEST will publish a 30- day public notice in a national daily newspaper disclosing the submission of the EIA by WSH and calling for comment.

Disclosure of the RP by WSH will include the preparation of a brochure in Nepali covering all pertinent project issues, as well as a Nepali version of the RP Executive Summary. The disclosure process will also involve WSH staff re-engaging with affected communities so that they are fully aware of the project’s impacts, entitlements and other mitigation measures. Specifically, disclosure will cover:

• a description of the project, its aims and components; • maps/diagrams of the affected areas; • a timetable of project activities, including estimated start and completion dates; • expected social, economic and environmental impacts and safeguards; • the project’s Entitlement Matrix, including who will be entitled to compensation, what losses will be compensated, and what entitlements affected persons will receive; • an outline of relocation and livelihood support measures; and • an outline of the consultation process in further project phases.

WSH have also established its own website where the RP will be lodged. The RP will also be disclosed on the ADB website. WSH will also circulate the RP to all relevant local government offices. Finally, information offices will be established at appropriate locations in each of the project districts where all relevant project documentation will be accessible to the public.

6.2.2 Consultation

Consultation with stakeholders is an ongoing process, and will continue to be conducted throughout the project cycle. If the project is approved, consultation will form a key part of the development, implementation and operation of the project, to be managed through a community liaison structure as detailed in Chapter 8. Through the establishment of a Resettlement and Development Division (RDD) WSH will provide qualified personnel and resources to ensure that all resettlement-related activities are effectively implemented and managed.

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The RDD Consultation Section will be responsible for the management of all matters relating to the consultation programme. Activities of this Section will include:

• institutional and process development; • liaison and consultation with all Project-affected stakeholders, and engagement protocols; • dissemination of Project-related information; • participatory planning; and • management of a grievance resolution procedure.

The RDD will be supported by contracted NGOs and consultancy groups or individuals and an Evaluation Panel (Panel of Experts) to provide advice and assistance on particular issues.

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7. COMPENS ATION AND RESETTLEMENT FRAMEWORK

This chapter describes the compensation and other rehabilitation entitlements that will be made available to affected persons, as detailed in the project’s Entitlement Matrix (see Appendix 5).

7.1 Affected Persons and Categories of Loss

Through the acquisition of private and community assets, the project will affect property owners, their dependants and community groups. The project’s Entitlement Matrix accordingly specifies compensation and/or rehabilitation measures for two units of entitlement: individuals (i.e. affected individuals and their households) and groups.

Individuals

This category includes individuals (men and women) who may suffer one or a combination of the following losses:

• loss of cultivation land; • loss of residential building; • loss of commercial building; • loss of rented accommodation; and • loss of wage labour.

This category also includes the household members of the person suffering any of the abovementioned losses. For compensation against the loss of privately-held assets and resources, the unit of entitlement will be the titleholder/household head. For rehabilitation assistance, the unit of entitlement will be the affected household. For example, in some cases, household subsistence may be disrupted through the loss of land or business enterprises. In these cases, rehabilitation measures will be extended to all adult household members to support the re-establishment of their former living standards.

Groups

The project may also have indirect, less-quantifiable or unforeseen effects on people living in the vicinity of the RoW. Where these impacts occur, they will be mitigated under the project. Special attention will be given to social categories and groups who, because of their social position, may be vulnerable to the changes brought about by the project, or excluded from its associated benefits.

7.2 Asset Verification and Compensation Determination and Payment

Since the WSHEP is a private venture, land and other household assets will be acquired through negotiation. Negotiations will take place within the framework of the principles contained in the RP, which in turn take cognisance of the requirements of the Land Acquisition Act (1977). As discussed in Section 8.2, District Coordinating Committees (DCCs) and a central Resettlement Steering Committee (RSC) will be established to coordinate the negotiation process, promote transparency of procedures and ensure overall compliance to GoN legislation. The DCCs and RSC will assume most of the functions of the Compensation Determination Committees (CDCs) provided for in the Land Acquisition Act.

Considering the limitations of the land acquisition legislation, improvements will be made to the principles of valuation. The compensation determined by the RSC/DCCs will be at replacement value. To ensure this, compensation rates will be determined through negotiation, taking account of prevailing rates in the local market and information gathered during the preparation of the EIA and RP. The

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negotiation process will also be used to secure mutually agreed cut-off dates to entitlements, normally the dates of socio-economic census surveys.

All affected assets will be properly recorded and verified by the project and delegated Government and community representatives. Census and asset information will be maintained in a computerised database to manage and monitor compensation and resettlement activities. To support the asset verification surveys, WSH will contract qualified NGOs to undertake social preparation programmes amongst the affected households. Apart from assistance to land owners to update their ownership papers, the programmes will focus on:

• awareness-raising campaigns on compensation and rehabilitation entitlements and payment procedures; • assistance with the opening of bank accounts for the deposit of compensation awards (signature campaigns); and • assistance with the preparation of paperwork for compensation payments.

In addition, WSH will provide assistance, in the form of seconded staff and/or office equipment, to district land revenue offices to streamline the acquisition process. Further, as discussed in Section 8.1, WSH will establish a Resettlement and Development Division (RDD), with a number of dedicated Sections, to manage and coordinate all resettlement-related matters. The RDD’s Land Acquisition Section will work with and support district land revenue officials during the acquisition process, while the Information Systems Section will assist with the establishment of database programmes and procedures to improve and streamline the acquisition process.

Affected households will be given written notice of the intent to acquire their properties in accordance with the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act. They will furthermore be given written notice to vacate their properties not less than 35 days prior to the intended acquisition date, and in the case of households to be relocated, not less than 90 days prior to the scheduled relocation date.

WSH will not take possession of any private property prior to the full payment of compensation entitlements and, where applicable, completion of relocation arrangements and rehabilitation measures. In the case of households to be relocated, WSH will ensure that housing and displacement entitlements are disbursed sufficiently in advance of relocation dates to allow displaced households to construct new houses.

To ensure transparency of procedures, payment of compensation will be made in the presence of representatives from the relevant community committee and other local authorities. These witnesses will ensure that the affected person understands the compensation amount and is informed of the grievance appeal mechanisms available on the project. Certificates of compensation will, in addition, be issued to each entitled person.

All government taxes and duties related to the acquisition and registration of affected assets will be the responsibility of the project.

7.3 E ntitlements

7.3.1 Houses and Other Structures

a. Owners of houses and other structures will be compensated in cash at replacement cost as determined by the RSC and District Coordinating Committees. This will include titleholders, tenants and squatters occupying public land at the time of the eligibility cut-off date (i.e. census). No

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depreciation will be applied. Vulnerable households will be assisted with construction of replacement housing, if requested.

b. Owners will have the right to salvage materials from the affected buildings. The value of salvaged materials will not be deducted from the final compensation amount.

c. Owners (i.e. titleholders, tenants in own accommodation, and squatters on public land) of houses and commercial establishments to be relocated will receive displacement allowances as described in Section 7.4. Displaced occupants of rented accommodation will receive a rental stipend as described in Section 7.4. d. Tenants who have built their own houses on rented land will be assisted with the identification of alternative residential sites in their local communities. e. Since this is a linear development, the relocation of households to new settlements involving host communities is not anticipated. However, if this is to happen, resettlement assistance will be provided to ensure effective integration with host communities. f. It is anticipated that displaced households will relocate their homesteads to other land in the immediate vicinity, either their own land or newly acquired land. Where required, the project will provide assistance with the identification of land in the vicinity to be purchased for the establishment of new residential sites. Formal resettlement planning will be undertaken where more than 10 households from one settlement/village are displaced.

7.3.2 Land

Compensation for Permanent Land Acquisition

a. Titleholders will be compensated for all permanent land losses at full replacement cost. They will also be provided with additional compensation to the value of 20% of their acquired landholding as a direct project benefit. b. Titleholders with total landholdings of 0.25 ha or smaller who lose more than 10% of their landholdings, and titleholders with total landholdings above 0.25 ha who lose more than 25% of their landholdings will be entitled to a cultivation disruption allowance as detailed in Section 7.4. c. A titleholder who loses more than 75 % of a land parcel or total landholding will have the option to relinquish the remainder of that parcel or landholding, in return for cash compensation at replacement cost. d. Tenants will be eligible for the portion of the compensation payable to the affected landowners as required by GoN legislation. Where a tenant lose more than 10 % of the land being cultivated by them (in the case of a cultivated area less than 0.25 ha) or more than 25 % of the land being cultivated (in the case of a cultivated area above 0.25 ha), he/she will receive a cultivation disruption allowance as specified in Section 7.4. They will also be assisted by the LCFs with the identification of alternative agricultural production opportunities. e. Although sharecroppers do not qualify for compensation for land losses, they will be compensated for any eligible losses and included in training programmes and registered for construction employment to the extent possible.

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Compensation for Plots in the RoW Currently Used for Residential/Business Purposes

a. Owners currently occupying titled land in the transmission line RoW for residential or business purposes, and who are therefore required to relocate, will retain title/ownership of the land but prohibited from constructing structures on the land. They will be compensated at replacement cost for the affected land but will retain ownership of the land.

b. The following land use restrictions will apply to the portions of land in question:

• no structures (houses or other buildings); • no vegetation above 3 m height; and • no storage of flammable or explosive materials.

Residential yards and house gardens and the cultivation of cereal crops will be allowed, as will approved business activities.

Compensation for Land Use Restrictions in the RoW a. Titled owners of land in the RoW on which land use restrictions will be placed will receive compensation to the value of at least 10% of the affected portion for the application of these restrictions. Most of the land in question is agricultural land. However, in the case of higher value land (e.g. unoccupied residential land in peri-urban areas) a higher percentage will be negotiated. Full account will be taken of the higher value of land in peri-urban areas (e.g. Mahendranagar Municipality) and along/near major roads. b. Compensation for land use restrictions will not be applicable to land currently utilised for residential or business purposes, since the concerned owners (all of whom will be required to relocate from the RoW) will receive full compensation for, and retain ownership of, these portions of residential/business plots as indicated above. c. In certain cases, it may be necessary to provide full compensation, at replacement cost, for land parcels in the RoW due to the prohibition on the building of structures (e.g. for unoccupied land registered for residential/business purposes in some areas of Mahendranagar Municipality). This will be assessed on a case-by-case basis. The 20% project benefit described in paragraph 7.3.2 (a) will not be applicable. Any such land for which full compensation is paid will become the property of WSH. As the titled owner of the land, WSH may lease it back to community members for approved uses, sell it with the land use restrictions imposed or make it available to vulnerable households for cultivation.

Compensation for Temporary Land Occupation a. For temporary occupation of land during construction, the contractor will be required to sign a temporary occupation contract with the affected landowners. The contract will specify the following:

• period of occupancy; • formula for calculation of production losses (the market value of crops normally produced on the land) and annual inflation adjustments; • frequency of compensation payment; and • land protection and rehabilitation measures.

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7.3.3 Trees and Crops a. Compensation will be paid for the permanent loss of private trees based on five years annual net production for fruit/ fodder trees and three years annual net production for timber/fuelwood trees and other perennial crops. b. All resources from privately-owned trees that are removed (e.g. fruit and wood) will remain the property of the owner. c. The project will liaise with the Departments of Forestry and Agriculture regarding support to affected owners with the reestablishment of new trees/perennial crops. d. Construction activities will be timed to avoid damage to or destruction of perennial crops as far as possible. As far as possible, construction works will be planned to allow the harvesting of perennial and non-perennial crops before land is acquired. Where crops cannot be harvested or the destruction of crops is unavoidable, cash compensation equal to one season’s yield will be paid based on crop type, cropping intensity and the maximum yield off the affected land. e. Advance notice (35 days) will be given to harvest perennial crops that are ready for harvesting. Crops that cannot be harvested will be compensated for, based on type of crop, agreed yield and market price.

7.3.4 Community Forests a. Compensation for tree loss from community forests will be provided in the form of either tree plantings or support programmes. Consulted user group members suggested support programmes such as erosion control, income generation and strengthening of forest management. Compensation measures will be designed in consultation with affected user groups. These consultations will be formally recorded to ensure equitable access to support programmes and measures.15

7.3.5 Community Facilities and Services a. Apart from a one-roomed school structure at Daiji, the project is not anticipated to have an impact on community buildings and facilities. The school structure will be replaced in an area identified in consultation with the affected community and relevant authorities, as will any other community facility that may subsequently be affected by project developments.

7.4 R ehabilitation Measures

7.4.1 Rehabilitation Allowances a. In addition to compensation for asset losses, allowances will be made available to the different categories of affected households. The following allowances, the value of which will be determined by the RSC/DCCs, have been provided for:

i. Households who are required to relocate will receive a Housing Displacement Allowance. Titleholders, tenants in own accommodation and squatters will be entitled to this allowance, to be paid at the time of compensation payment.

15 Compensation/mitigation measures for impacts on community forests are detailed in the EIA. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 7-5

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ii. Owners of commercial enterprises who are required to relocate will receive a Business Displacement Allowance, paid at the time of compensation payment.

iii. Displaced households will receive a shifting/evacuation allowance for the removal of personal, household and business belongings from the RoW. The allowance will be paid sufficiently in advance of relocation dates.

iv. Households who are classified as vulnerable will receive a Vulnerable Household Rehabilitation Allowance, paid at the time of compensation payment.

v. As stated in Section 7.3.2, titleholders with total landholdings of 0.25 ha or smaller who lose more than 10% of their landholdings, and titleholders with total landholdings above 0.25 ha who lose more than 25% of their landholdings will be entitled to a Cultivation Disruption Allowance, paid at the time of compensation payment.

vi. Displaced households of rented accommodation will receive a Rental Stipend, paid at the time of compensation payment to the house owner.

vii. Although unlikely to occur, provision has been made for the possible loss of wage labour due to an employer in the RoW being unable to continue with his/her agricultural or business activities because of project implementation. Where this does occur, a Loss of Employment Allowance will be paid, valid for employed persons of working age as established during census surveys and to be assessed on a case by case basis by the relevant community committee, the DCCs and the RSC.

7.4.2 Livelihood Restoration Initiatives

In addition to the compensation and rehabilitation measures describe above, other livelihood restoration measures will be implemented to minimise the impact of the transmission line on the livelihoods of the affected people. The following measures will be implemented:

Training

Training will include programmes for agriculture extension, poultry farming, buffalo farming and vegetable farming. Of these, buffalo and vegetable farming will be useful in the hill districts of Dadeldhura and Doti, while poultry and vegetable farming will be useful in and around urban areas.

The main objective of the training will be to increase/improve agricultural, vegetable and livestock production practices, thereby contributing to an improvement in the health and economic status of affected households Priority will be given to women and sharecroppers as trainees.

The agricultural and vegetable production programme will focus on (a) selection of seeds; (b) nursery management; (c) use of fertilisers; (d) integrated pest management; (e) irrigation techniques; (f) appropriate cropping patterns and (g) methods of harvesting, processing and storage. This programme will consist of lectures from experts, demonstration of techniques and dissemination of information. WSH will consult with the Vegetable Development Directorate (VDD) and the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) in designing and implementing the programme.

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Preferential Employment Strategy

A Preferential Employment Policy and Strategy will be developed to achieve the objective of optimising employment for project-affected and local people on project construction activities. The following measures will be implemented:

• The Policy will contain procedures and mechanisms to enhance the employment of project- affected households in unskilled job categories. It will specify (a) recruitment eligibility (people from project-affected settlements, followed by other local residents and Nepalese citizens), (b) age requirements (the minimum age requirement in the public sector, namely 18 years, should be applied), and (c) recruitment and selection procedures to be followed by the contractor and sub- contractors.

• Preferential employment guidelines will be incorporated into tender and contractor documents. Contractors will be required to follow these guidelines, and all proposals will need to indicate proposed steps to implement a preferential employment policy, including on-the-job training.

• WSH will assist with (a) the establishment of a database of job seekers from the project-affected households, and (b) the development of job advertising and recruitment procedures.

• To further ensure transparency of recruitment and selection procedures, consideration will be given to the establishment of an Employment Task Group, consisting of WSH officials and representatives from the contractor, affected communities (including vulnerable groups) and other stakeholders. The Task Group will coordinate, review and monitor all matters relating to the implementation of the Preferential Employment Policy.

• To the extent possible, WSH and its contractors will employ, and promote the employment of, local job seekers with appropriate educational qualifications in the semi-skilled category. Where local people are employed in these job categories, it will be accompanied by on-the-job training and skills transfer.

Nepali Information Sheets will be distributed to project-affected and surrounding settlements well in advance of the commencement of construction activities. These Sheets will set out (a) the number of construction jobs available to the local population, (b) the job advertising, recruitment and selection procedures that will be followed and (c) the time frame for the recruitment of job seekers over the course of the construction period. Through the community committees and by means of the distribution of job advertising sheets, local residents will be informed in advance of job opportunities and recruiting dates.

7.5 Resettlement Framework

7.5.1 Approach

The resettlement framework has mainly been determined by the fact that the project is a linear development with the following characteristics:

• permanent land acquisition is small (approximately 1.5 ha of land) and will be spread across many VDCs along the transmission line route; • affected households (those who will suffer permanent land losses, those on whom some restrictions on the use of their land in the RoW will be placed, and those who have to be relocated for project developments) will have easy access to their remaining landholdings outside and inside the RoW; and • the transmission line will only be a minor barrier to the movement of people.

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The preferred resettlement approach will therefore be local relocation of displaced households within their existing settlements/villages. This has the benefit of allowing displaced households continued use of their remaining landholdings and the maintenance of their existing social support networks. It also avoids many of the psychological stresses associated with involuntary resettlement to new areas and communities.

7.5.2 Assistance with Preparation of Residential Bocks

As indicated in Section 7.3, cash will be the preferred form of compensation for the loss of land and houses, allowing affected households the opportunity to purchase replacement land (if required) and construct their houses in their areas of choice. In the household survey 88.2% and 78% of the affected households, respectively, responded positively towards receiving cash compensation for the loss of houses and other structures and land/trees.

As stated in Section 7.3.1, it is anticipated that displaced households will relocate their homesteads to their remaining land in the vicinity or in some cases to newly acquired land. Where required, the project will provide assistance with the identification of land in the vicinity to be purchased for the establishment of new residential sites, as well as the construction of replacement housing for vulnerable households.

Funds have also been budgeted for the preparation and establishment of the new residential blocks of relocated households. The preparation of these blocks will either be undertaken by project-appointed contractors or by the households themselves, with funds allocated by the project. The preparation of residential blocks has the following components:

• physical preparation of the site for residential occupation; • appropriate sanitation facilities; • water supply, where required; and • provision of improved cooking stoves.

7.5.3 Resettlement Assistance in High Impact Villages

The 186 households to be relocated are resident in approximately 60 settlements/villages of various sizes. The distribution of these villages by the number of households facing relocation per village is shown in Table 7-1. Nearly 47% of the villages have only one household to be relocated, and a further 21.7% have two households to be relocated. More than 82% of the villages have less than five households to be relocated per village (see Appendix 4 for the village distribution of households to be relocated).

Villages where the impact of relocation may be relatively high are:

• Simalphata (Jhalari VDC): 12 households; • Shanti (Mahendranagar Municipality): 11 households; • Mauwaphant (Krishnapur VDC): 9 households; • Baitada (Daiji VDC): 9 households; • Aithpur (Mahendranagar Municipality): 8 households; • Damaura (Malakheti VDC): 7 households.

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Table 7-1: Villages by Number of Relocated Households Number of Number of Households to be Percentage Villages Relocated in Village* 1 28 46.7 2 13 21.7 3 4 6.7 4 4 6.7 5 2 3.3 6 2 3.3 7 2 3.3 8 1 1.7 9 2 3.3 11 1 1.7 12 1 1.7 Total 60 100.0 * The village names of 19 households were not provided. Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

The project will provide resettlement planning assistance to all affected villages, and in particular to high impact villages such as Simalpha, Shanti, Mauwaphant, Baitada, Aithpur and Damaura. This will entail:

• assistance with the identification of suitable land in the village area for residential block development; • design of village concept plans showing the location and integration of new residential blocks with existing village arrangements; • technical support with the layout and design of new residential blocks; and • assistance with provision of new water supplies.

7.5.4 Resettlement Assistance to Vulnerable Households

The project’s approach to the issue of vulnerable households is that vulnerability is not a given or static condition and that households may become more, or less, vulnerable to project activities as their development cycles and socio-economic circumstances change. The project will, therefore, adopt an approach that acknowledges this dynamic quality of vulnerability, and the identification, assessment and monitoring of vulnerable households and groups will be an ongoing activity throughout the resettlement programme, carried out in conjunction with the project’s community participation structure.

Households facing relocation that are currently considered as potentially vulnerable are Dalit, indigenous nationality and female-headed households, as well as households where the household head has a disability. These potentially vulnerable households number 59 (31.7% of the 186 households facing relocation) and comprise:

• 19 Tharu households, of which two have household heads with a disability; • 15 Dalit households, of which one is female-headed and one has a household head with a disability; • 2 hill ethnic households (Gurung and Magar);16 • 14 additional female-headed households; and • 9 additional households headed by a disabled person.

16 NEFIN’s classifies indigenous nationalities into five groups: advanced, disadvantaged, marginalised, highly marginalised and endangered. The Gurung and Magar are classified as disadvantaged and the Tharu as marginalised. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 7-9

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) COMPENSATION AND RESETTLEMENT FRAMEWORK

Table 7-2 shows the VDC distribution of the Dalit, Tharu and hill ethnic households facing relocation. The 19 Tharu households are distributed across four VDCs, with most (10) located in Malakheti. The 15 Dalit households are scattered across six VDCs, with most (eight) located in Daiji. The Gurung household is located in Krishnapur VDC and the Magar household in Malakheti VDC.

Table 7-2: Displaced Dalit and Indigenous Nationality Households by VDC Caste/Ethnic Group VDC Households Dalit Tharu Hill Ethnic Banlek 2 2 - - Daiji 8 8 - - Jhalari 2 2 - - Krishnapur 8 - 7 1 Mahendranagar 1 - 1 - Malakheti 12 1 10 1 Mastamandu 1 1 - - Pachnali 1 1 - - Sahajpur 1 - 1 - Total 36 15 19 2 Percentage 100.0 41.7 52.8 5.6 % of Total Households to be Relocated 8.1 10.2 1.1 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

The village locations of 31 of the 36 Dalit, Tharu and hill ethnic households are provided in Table 7-3 (the villages of five of the households were not provided). The only two villages where more than two households have to be relocated are Damaura in Malakheti VDC (seven Tharu households) and Baitada in Daiji VDC (six Dalit households). The two villages have already been mentioned as areas where specific resettlement planning assistance will be provided to ensure the proper rehabilitation of relocated households, including vulnerable households.

Table 7-3: Displaced Dalit and Indigenous Nationality Households by Village VDC Village Tharu Dalit Hill Ethnic Jhalari Amarpur - 2 - Pachnali Amnyam - 1 - Daiji Baitada - 6 - Jadepani - 2 - Banlek Balyas - 1 - Bholbas - 1 - Krishnapur Attariya Patti 1 - - Bani Shivir 2 - - Gali 4 1 - - Mauwaphant 1 - - Mahendranagar Bichpuri 1 - - Malakheti Damaura 7 - - Malakheti 1 - - Muktinagar 1 - - Teghari - - 1 Mastamandu Seltada - 1 - Sahajpur Sahajpur 1 - - Total 16 14 1 * Village names of three Tharu, one Dalit and one Gurung household not provided; source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

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The village locations of 14 of the 15 female-headed households to be relocated are provided in Table 7-4. The six Chhetri households are located in six villages across six VDCs, five Brahmin households are in four villages across three VDCs, and the two Thakuri households are located in two villages in two VDCs.

Table 7-4: Displaced Female-Headed Households by Village VDC/ Caste/Ethnic Group Village Municipality Chhetri Brahmin Takuri Kami Mahendranagar Gajjar 1 - - - Shanti - 1 - - Haldukhal - 2 - - Malakheti Thegari - 1 - - Krishnapur Mauwaphant - 1 - - Bunk - - 1 - Gulariya 1 - - - Pachnali Amnyam - - 1 - Suda Chaukhatee 1 - - - Sahajpur Ningladi 1 - - - Daiji Baitada 1 - - - Jadepani - - - 1 Kaipalmandu Korayal 1 - - - Total 6 5 2 1 * Village name of one Brahmin household not provided; source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

The village locations of the 12 households headed by a disabled person are shown in Table 7-5. Seven of these households are from the Chhetri and Thakuri caste group, two from the Tharu indigenous group, one each from the Brahmin and Dalit caste group, as well as one from a non-Hindu caste group.

Table 7-5: Displaced Households with Disabled Head by Village Caste/Ethnic Group VDC Village Chhetri Brahmin Takuri Tharu Sarki Other Mahendranagar Ghaddachauki - 1 - - - - Aithpur 1 - - - - - Khaireni 1 - - - - - Daiji Baitada - - - - 1 - Polkhari 1 - - - - - Siddhanath - - - - - 1 Hattithala 1 - - - - - Malakheti Damaura - - - 1 - - Krishnapur Galli 4 - - - 1 - - Mauwaphant 1 - - - - - Jhalari Simalphata 1 - - - - - Kaipalmandu Mohi Koral - - 1 - - - Total 6 1 1 2 1 1 Source: SCI Household Survey 2007.

Resettlement planning support will be provided in the case of all relocated vulnerable households to ensure that resettlement is undertaken in a culturally sensitive manner.

As already stated, all households considered to be vulnerable, as most of the above households are likely to be, will be eligible for a vulnerable household rehabilitation allowance.

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As stated in Chapter 8, various implementation arrangements will occur to provide assistance to relocated households, including vulnerable households, with their relocation and rehabilitation.17 This will include:

• a social preparation programme to assist affected households to plan for the changes that the project may have on their lives and livelihoods;

• the establishment of a RSC Task Group on vulnerable households to provide a forum for the discussion of the needs of vulnerable groups, for the finalisation of the social preparation programme as it relates to vulnerable groups and for the identification of agencies to assist with social preparation activities; and

• the appointment of staff within WSH’s Resettlement and Development Division to oversee the rehabilitation and livelihood restoration/diversification of affected households, including vulnerable groups.

It is envisaged that the following agencies/institutions will assist with social preparation programmes for vulnerable households:

• community committees; • project-affected VDCs and DDCs; • NGOs with capabilities in the fields of education, training/capacity building, financial assistance and in raising awareness of vulnerable groups around their rights and opportunities; • women’s groups and CBOs; and • national and district Government departments and line agencies that focus on women, children, Dalits, indigenous nationalities, social welfare and local development.

7.5.5 Host Communities

Since households will be relocated within their existing villages, and since most affected villages only have a few households to be relocated, impacts on host communities are not anticipated. Nevertheless, the reestablishment of relocated households at their new residential sites will be monitored on an ongoing basis, both by WSH staff and through the consultation structure described in Chapter 8. Any emergent issues will be identified for investigation and the implementation of remedial measures.

17 See also the Vulnerable Community Development Plan that was prepared for the WSHEP reservoir area and downstream project sites. WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 7-12

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8. INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGE MENTS

WSH will be directly responsible for the implementation, management and supervision of the project, including environmental and social management. The environmental and social components of the project will be managed under the WSHEP management structure illustrated in Figure 8-1.

An independent Evaluation Panel will be convened by WSH to ensure that a high standard of implementation is achieved.

Figure 8-1: Overall Social and Environmental Management Structure

The resettlement programme will be managed and coordinated through:

• a Resettlement and Development Division (RDD) within WSH, consisting of three resettlement field offices and a technical support branch; • a Resettlement Steering Committee and district-level coordinating committees; and • a community participation structure representing affected communities.

8.1 WSH Resettlement and Development Division

A Resettlement and Development Division (RDD), a component of the Management and Administration Contractor appointed by WSH, will be created at the commencement of the project to execute the resettlement programme, coordinating and managing the day-to-day implementation of resettlement activities. The RDD will consist of a resettlement field operations branch and a technical and field support branch (Figure 8-2).

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Figure 8-2: WSH Resettlement and Development Division

An organisational structure has been prepared (see Figure 8-3) which details the Units and Sections within the RDD as well as managerial and senior staff positions. All managerial and senior staff will have appropriate tertiary qualifications and experience in subject fields such as land acquisition and resettlement, compensation, consultation/stakeholder liaison, community development, women in development, field surveys, GIS and information systems, and project management. Priority will be given to the appointment of Nepalese, particularly from the Far-Western Development Region.

Other specialists and NGOs will be appointed on short-term or contract assignments to assist with the preparation and implementation of specific projects/initiatives in areas such as institutional development, vocational training, agriculture, irrigation, livestock, social forestry, water and sanitation, health/nutrition and small enterprise development.

All RDD staff will undergo induction and orientation training at the start of their assignments. Training will occur as staff members are appointed, with the bulk of the training taking place during the mobilisation period. Training focus areas will include:

• international best practice resettlement requirements; • the project’s social context; • the project’s resettlement objectives, principles and procedures; • the project’s compensation framework and entitlement matrix; • land acquisition processes; • project development and resettlement schedules; • livelihood restoration and diversification; and

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• community participation and development, including women in development and current approaches and initiatives in Nepal for the development of vulnerable communities such as Dalits and indigenous groups.

8.1.1 Technical and Field Support Branch

The Technical and Field Support Branch will undertake overall planning and coordination of the project’s resettlement and livelihood restoration programme, in conjunction with the Resettlement Field Offices. This will entail the establishment of operational institutions and uniform procedures and standards, the preparation of plans and schedules, and the coordination and monitoring of implementation activities. In preparing and coordinating project-wise plans and activities, particular attention will be paid to:

• establishing effective liaison and consultation mechanisms between WSH, affected communities, district and local government and other stakeholders; • establishing procedures for updating/gathering socio-economic baseline information to the requisite standards for resettlement implementation and subsequent impact monitoring; • setting up standardised asset verification and land acquisition procedures; • establishing uniform databases of affected persons; • integrating construction, land acquisition and resettlement activities; • establishing systems for prompt and effective delivery of compensation and other resettlement/ rehabilitation entitlements; and • establishing procedures for ongoing internal monitoring and review, and prompt implementation of corrective actions.

The Technical and Field Support Branch will consist of the following Units:

• Consultation and Livelihoods; • Information Systems; • Resettlement and Evacuation Planning; • Mitigation and Development Programmes; and • Finance and Administration.

Consultation and Livelihoods Unit

This Unit will coordinate the project’s consultation, livelihood restoration and social/cultural services initiatives. Its Consultation Section will design and coordinate the project’s consultation and participation programme. A collaborative (partnership) approach will be adopted so as to build trust, to improve the quality of decisions and to promote sustainable development. Key focus areas of the Section include:

• institutional and process development, and engagement protocols; • stakeholder liaison and consultation programmes; • preparation and dissemination of project information to affected communities and other stakeholders; • ongoing monitoring of community reactions to project implementation; and • management of the project’s grievance resolution procedure.

The Consultation Section will also provide technical assistance to WSH’s media/communications specialists with the running of the project’s information centres (see Section 8.3.3).

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The Unit’s Livelihoods and Training Section will plan and coordinate the resettlement programme’s training and livelihood restoration initiatives. This will entail:

• undertaking needs assessments in consultation with the community consultation structures; • planning and coordinating training programmes (vocational, agricultural, nutritional, etc.); • coordinating the preparation and implementation of livelihood restoration projects; • coordinating the appointment and work of contracted NGOs; • liaising with the Mitigation and Development Projects Unit on the preparation of projects to be implemented by the Unit; • participating in the management of the project’s preferential employment initiatives; • participating in monitoring exercises to gauge the effectiveness of livelihood restoration initiatives, and preparing plans for the implementation of corrective measures.

The Unit’s Social/Cultural Services Section will plan and coordinate the rehabilitation of vulnerable households and groups affected by project implementation (e.g. Dalit households, female-headed households, households from indigenous groups, the elderly). The Section will also coordinate the activities of an envisaged RSC Task Group on vulnerable households and women.

Information Systems Unit

This Unit will consist of the following Sections: land acquisition, social baseline, GIS/information systems and monitoring and evaluation. The Land Acquisition Section will plan and manage the project’s land acquisition programme. This will entail:

• planning, scheduling and supervision of asset verification activities; • liaison with the project’s engineering and survey staff for the confirmation, survey and pegging of project affected areas, and integration of the land acquisition programme into the overall project construction schedule; • ongoing interaction and coordination with relevant district officials to ensure that all legal and procedural requirements are met and land titles are transferred in an efficient and timely manner; • training and supervision of asset verification field teams; • management and quality control of asset recording methods/procedures; • supervision and coordination of NGOs appointed to assist landowners with updating of land titles; • assisting the GIS/IS Section in setting up and managing a computerised land ownership and acquisition database; and • technical assistance to the Terai land purchase teams and other field staff as required.

The Social Baseline Section will plan and coordinate all census/household surveys and related socio- economic data gathering exercises. Key functions will include:

• preparation of survey instruments (including pre-testing and translation into Nepali); • training of enumerators/surveyors; • supervision of surveys; • database design and maintenance, in conjunction with the GIS/IS Section; and • supervision of data entry, including quality control.

The GIS/IS Section will be responsible for preparing and managing the project’s resettlement management system, which will consist of:

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• a relational database management system to manage all non-spatial data such as household demographics, resettlement packages and compensation payments; • a geographic information system for the storing, analysis and mapping of spatial data and its related attributes (e.g. resettlement sites, location of relocated households and infrastructure mapping); and • a project management system for programme planning, resource allocation, budgeting and performance monitoring.

Chapter 9 describes the programme that will be instituted to monitor resettlement implementation. It will consist of performance monitoring, impact monitoring and a completion audit. The programme also makes provision for the appointment of an Evaluation Panel to provide guidance to the RDD. The M&E Section will coordinate all matters relating to this programme, including:

• preparation of monthly and quarterly internal monitoring reports; • coordination of qualitative and quantitative impact monitoring studies; • supervision of agencies contracted to undertake specific monitoring tasks; • liaison with the Evaluation Panel; and • establishing and maintaining a computerised monitoring management system, in consultation with the GIS/IS Section.

Resettlement and Evacuation Planning Unit

The Unit’s Resettlement Planning Section will be responsible for resettlement planning. This will entail:

• preparing and maintaining a detailed resettlement implementation programme and schedule for all project components; • liaising with the Resettlement Housing and Special Projects Division regarding the delivery of resettlement housing and infrastructure; and • preparing relocation and transitional support schedules in conjunction with the Unit’s Evacuation Planning and Logistics Section.

The Evacuation Planning and Logistics Section will be responsible for:

• preparing evacuation and relocation schedules, in conjunction with the community consultation structures; • announcing and distributing evacuation schedules in the project areas and through the media; • arranging transport and transit requirements, where necessary; • maintaining moveable assets registers where required; and • coordinating and supervising the physical evacuation process.

Mitigation and Development Projects Unit

A range of projects will be implemented at the various project sites. Some of these are required for the purposes of impact avoidance or mitigation, while others will be implemented to support local/community development. The Mitigation and Development Projects Unit will plan, coordinate and manage all these initiatives.

Two sections will be set up within the Unit, one focussing on the downstream area and reservoir periphery, and the other on the Terai resettlement districts/VDCs and the transmission line. Key functions of the two Sections will include:

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• assessing mitigation/development requirements in conjunction with the RDD’s Livelihoods and Training Section, community consultation structures and district government officials; • preparing detailed descriptions of projects to be implemented; • appointing specialists/contractors and coordinating detailed project planning exercises; • overseeing the implementation of projects in conjunction with WSH’s Resettlement Housing and Special Projects Division (see Section 8.1.3); and • providing support to communities and their representatives with the running/maintenance of projects, in conjunction with the Livelihoods and Training Section.

Finance and Administration

The Finance and Administration Unit will set up and manage the project’s compensation system and provide administrative support to the RDD Units and Field Offices. The Unit will specifically be responsible for:

• establishing and maintaining a computerised compensation management system, in conjunction with the Information Systems Unit; • ongoing liaison with the District Coordinating Committees, CDCs (where established) and other officials involved in compensation determination; • ensuring that assistance is provided to affected persons to secure the necessary documentation required to qualify for compensation entitlements; • ensuring the prompt payment of compensation and other entitlements; and • the issuing of compensation certificates.

8.1.2 Resettlement Field Operations Branch

Three Resettlement Field Offices will be established, one for each of the project’s main resettlement components (reservoir area, Terai resettlement sites and the transmission line), to manage the project’s day-today consultation and resettlement activities.

Headed by Resettlement Managers, the Field Offices will be structured to provide and manage the following services within their areas of operation (see Figure 8-3):

• stakeholder liaison; community consultation and participation; • resettlement planning and management; • compensation planning and management; • livelihoods and social/cultural services; • GIS/information systems.

The Terai Field Office will also have a Land Assessment and Purchase Section and a Farm Planning and Development Section to manage the establishment of the project’s relocation sites. The Farm Planning and Development Section will liaise closely with WSH’s Resettlement Housing and Special Projects Division regarding the preparation of relocation sites and the construction of replacement houses and other resettlement infrastructure.

The Field Offices will be staffed by experienced specialists and support staff and will liaise on an ongoing basis with affected households, community structures, ‘host’ communities, contractors and government officials to ensure proper integration of the project’s construction, resettlement and livelihood restoration/rehabilitation activities.

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8.1.3 Resettlement Housing and Special Projects

A Resettlement Housing and Special Projects Division will be established to oversee the preparation of project relocation sites and the construction of replacement housing and structures, community facilities and other resettlement infrastructure. This Division will work closely with the various Units of the RDD and the Resettlement Field Offices to ensure that resettlement housing and infrastructure are delivered on schedule. Overall, the Division will be responsible for:

• managing all matters relating to the replacement of affected infrastructure, services, housing and structures, including complementary planning and coordination with the Resettlement Field Offices and relevant Government officials; • appointing and supervising contractors; and • overseeing the preparation of resettlement sites and the construction of replacement buildings and structures.

To ensure that resettlement sites and replacement structures are completed on schedule and according to agreed standards, the Division will be headed by an experienced Civil Engineer and include appropriate engineers, technicians and support staff. The Section will have requisite knowledge of building standards, guidelines and practices in Nepal.

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Figure 8-3: RDD Organisational Setup

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8.2 Resettlement Steering Committee and District Coordinating Committees

A Resettlement Steering Committee (RSC) will be created to coordinate the project’s resettlement activities. The RSC will have representation from:

• the community consultation structures; • the District Coordinating Committees (DCCs); • other district/local stakeholders as required (e.g. political parties); • regional/national government; and • WSH (who will act as secretariat).

The RSC will provide an avenue for complementary planning and coordination of resettlement activities, ensuring adherence to the project’s resettlement and compensation policies. The RSC will have the following key functions:

• finalising the project’s compensation and resettlement entitlements; • acting as a mechanism for information exchange, complementary planning and coordination of implementation activities; • ensuring adherence to the project’s resettlement and compensation policies; • assessing the progress and efficacy of the resettlement programme and suggesting modifications where necessary; • identifying issues/areas of concern and suggesting corrective measures; • assisting with the identification of socio-economic development opportunities for resettled and local communities; and • assisting the DCCs and community consultation structures where necessary to explain the process of compensation and resettlement to their constituencies.

The RSC will meet regularly to assist with coordination of all resettlement tasks, and especially with those requiring inputs from government departments. In addition, it is envisaged that RSC Task Groups will be established (some continuing as standing committees for the duration of the project) to investigate and coordinate the following issues/topics:

• compensation rates and payment procedures; • resettlement eligibility; • livelihood restoration; • vulnerable groups (e.g. Dalits, female-headed and other vulnerable households); and • grievance and dispute resolution.

The Task Groups will consist of delegated RSC members, other community representatives as required (e.g. Dalit and women representatives on the RSC Task Group on vulnerable groups), staff from WSH’s RDD and subject specialists as necessary.

District Coordinating Committees (DCCs) will be established for each of the project districts. The DCCs will play an important role in the management and coordination of compensation and resettlement activities within their respective districts, especially those requiring district government inputs. The DCCs will have the following membership:

• president of the District Development Committee (currently Local Development Officer), who will also be the DCC chairperson; • representatives from the community consultation structures; • the following district officials: Chief District Officer, Land Revenue Officer, District Forest Officer, District Education Officer, District Health Officer, and an official from the Survey Office;

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• WSH (secretariat); • other district stakeholders as required (e.g. political parties).

The DCCs will have the following key functions:

• assisting with the coordination of asset verification surveys and land acquisition processes; • assisting with the coordination of land title transfers; • determining/confirming compensation rates; • confirming affected households and their entitlements; • assisting with the coordination of mitigation and development projects in the districts; • assisting with the management of the project area so as to prevent/minimise the possibility of speculative incursions; and • representing district issues/interests on the RSC.

The DCCs will assume many of the functions of the Compensation Determination Committees (CDCs) as provided for by the Land Acquisition Act (1977). In addition, they will play an important supportive role by coordinating district-level inputs required for the implementation of the resettlement programme.

8.3 Community Participation Programme

A structured community participation programme is vital to the success of the resettlement programme. The overall objective of the programme is to involve affected communities in the decision-making process, leading to a joint effort between WSH and project communities that would produce better decisions than if each had acted independently. To achieve this objective, the affected communities must be:

• kept informed about project developments; • afforded the opportunity to express their concerns and views; • assured that their concerns, views and suggestions will be taken into account in the planning and decision making process.

The specific aims of the community participation programme are therefore to (a) create avenues for the sharing of information, views and concerns; and (b) build local awareness and capacity to participate in the assessment of impacts, the design of mitigation measures, and the planning and implementation of resettlement activities.

8.3.1 Community Participation Structure

A community consultation and participation structure is required to create a forum for community involvement in the planning and management of compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration activities. A proposed overall consultation/participation structure for the project as a whole is illustrated in Figure 8-4. This structure consists of community committees at the various project sites, organised by district where necessary.

In the case of the transmission line, for instance, four district-level community committees will be established, each representing affected households from the concerned VDCs in the particular district.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Figure 8-4: Community Participation Structure

As representatives of the communities in their areas of operation, the committees would have the following key functions:

• negotiating overall agreements on behalf of their ‘constituencies’; • representing their constituencies on other project committees - e.g. District Coordinating Committees; • advising households of project-related matters (e.g. resettlement schedules and compensation issues); • assisting with the identification/confirmation of vulnerable households that may require additional transitional support; • acting as the first point of call for the resolution of grievances and disputes; and • assisting with the planning and coordination of participatory monitoring and evaluation exercises in their areas of operation.

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8.3.2 Community Liaison Assistants

Community Liaison Assistants (CLAs) will be introduced to further support information dissemination and consultation at household level. The CLAs will be recruited from the local communities and undergo extensive induction and PRA training before being deployed in the field. Their function will be to:

• support the community committees in the execution of their work; • provide affected households with information on all aspects of the resettlement programme; • record the concerns and suggestions of affected households for discussion with the community committees; • meet regularly with the community committees and RDD staff to discuss household concerns, implementation constraints and work plans; and • assist with data gathering, fieldwork arrangements and meeting arrangements.

At the time of reporting, seven CLAs had already been employed, recruited with the assistance of already established community committees, with a further approximately 20 CLAs to be employed. The CLAs are currently assisting with the running of the project’s information centres, with information dissemination activities as well as with field investigations.

8.3.3 Information Centres

Information centres are progressively being established as part of the project’s communications programme. There are currently seven information centres: four in the reservoir area (Dadeldhura, Baitadi and Doti Districts), one in the downstream area (Doti District), and two in the resettlement district of Kailali (Dhangadhi and Attariya). Further centres are scheduled to be opened in Bajhang District (reservoir area) and in Amargadhi and Mahendranagar (transmission line).

The centres are being progressively developed to provide, amongst others, the following:

• a library of available information, e.g. reports and other articles of interest, and GIS information such as maps; • presentation of promotional material (e.g. videos, slide shows) on the project, alternative livelihoods and income-generating activities, and other topics of interest; • a database of project-affected villages, so that affected persons can better understand the impacts of the project and participate in the identification and design of viable livelihood restoration strategies; • a database of affected households, consisting primarily of non-confidential information collected from surveys; and • information pertaining to the resettlement implementation process and evacuation schedules.

An exercise was recently completed for the recruitment of eight Communication and Consultation Officers (CCOs). Advertisements were placed at the information centres, in newspapers in the Far- Western Development Region and the Kathmandu valley, as well as on the radio. Application forms were posted on the WSH website and at the information offices. Interviews with short-listed applicants were held on 28-29 September 2008 in Dhangadhi and Mahendranagar. Priority was given to the employment of applicants from project affected areas. The interview and selection process was observed by members of the various community committees. The officers, who will manage the information centres and assist with other consultation activities, will be appointed in November 2008.

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8.4 Coordination with Other Agencies

The RDD will develop a programme of complementary planning with relevant government departments and other non-governmental agencies to ensure effective implementation of the resettlement programme. This programme will describe the roles and responsibilities of WSH, government agencies, the community liaison structure and other participating stakeholders in the resettlement process. For each role-player it will detail the required actions (inputs and outputs), the timing of the actions and the resources required to undertake the actions.

Key government departments with whom programmes of complementary planning actions will be developed are: (a) the Ministry of Home Affairs (Office of the Chief District Officer); (b) Department of Land Revenue and Surveys; (c) Department of Forestry; (d) Department of Agriculture; and (e) Department of Local Development. The following activities in particular require coordination with these departments:

• formation of District Coordinating Committees and CDCs (where applicable); • finalisation of compensation rates and resettlement entitlements; • verification of affected assets, land acquisition and transfer of land titles; • support to vulnerable households; • rehabilitation and local development.

Suitably qualified NGOs will be involved in aspects of the social preparation, resettlement and rehabilitation activities. These NGOs will provide grassroots expertise and resources to assist with:

• awareness campaigns on compensation/rehabilitation entitlements and payment procedures; • support to land owners to update their ownership papers; • support to affected persons with the preparation of paperwork for compensation payments; • assistance with the assessment and development of alternative income-generating activities; and • participatory monitoring and evaluation exercises.

There is a strong NGO basis in the project districts, with NGOs organised into district-level federations. The NGOs operate in a range of sectors (e.g. water and sanitation, social forestry) and have an extensive pool of expertise and local resources that can be deployed to support project implementation activities.

8.5 Grievance and Dispute Resolution

A grievance redress procedure is fundamental to achieving transparency in the resettlement process: it is an essential mechanism for people to voice their concerns, for corrective actions to be implemented, and for the overall satisfactory implementation of the resettlement programme. Effective implementation of project-related developments will require the placement of a formal grievance management system on a project level, and access by stakeholders to national institutions. The resolution of all grievances and disputes will be according to applicable national legislation and international requirements.

The following principles will be upheld, essential prerequisites in the management process:

• openness/transparency and accessibility to all stakeholders; • independence and impartiality on the part of any individual or body reviewing grievances or disputes, to foster the trust and confidence of all parties involved; and • the maintenance of confidentiality – confidentiality of the complainant, if so requested, and to information provided by any of the parties to a complaint.

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Responsibility for matters relating to grievance and dispute resolution within WSH will lie with the Consultation Unit of the RDD. As set out in Figure 8-5, the approach will in all instances be to firstly address and resolve grievances through the project organisational structure, commencing at the level of the community committees, and involving local government structures, before proceeding to the RSC Grievance Resolution Task Group, a body that will be set up solely for the purpose of addressing grievances. The main function of the Task Group, which will have representation from the affected communities and local/district authorities, will be:

• to provide a support mechanism to affected persons on land/property acquisition and relocation; • to record, investigate and assess grievances; and • to resolve grievances, in accordance with project policies and applicable local legislation, and provide prompt feedback to the aggrieved parties.

The resolution of all grievances and disputes will be according to applicable legislation. Grievances and disputes that cannot be resolved through project-related mechanisms will have recourse to national law through the judiciary. While the RDD will assist affected persons (through an appointed NGO) to update their land ownership records and to secure the necessary documentation required for compensation, the project’s grievance resolution mechanism will not provide legal advice to persons contesting a decision arrived at under the land acquisition procedures. Contested decisions that seek redress through national legal processes should be advised by appropriate legal representation as such legal advice is not within the mandate of WSH.

Throughout the project period, aggrieved persons will have full access to the RDD’s consultation staff for support and advice. A written record of all grievances and disputes will be kept by WSH.

Affected party declares a grievance

Grievance reported to Local Consultative Grievance Forum/ resolved Coordinating Committee

If unresolved: grievance sent to Grievance RSC / investigated resolved by RSC Task Group

If unresolved: grievance addressed Grievance through acceptable resolved mediation channel

If unresolved: recourse to national legal system

Figure 8-5: Grievance Redress Procedure

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) MONITORING AND EVALUATION

9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Although the GoN will be involved in project activities (e.g., asset verification exercises and compensation determination), WSH will hold overall responsibility for the implementation of compensation and resettlement measures, and for associated monitoring activities. The project’s socio- economic monitoring and evaluation programme is described in this Chapter and further detailed in the main RP for the WSHEP reservoir area. It will be coordinated by the Monitoring and Evaluation Section of WSH’s Resettlement and Development Division (see Figure 8-3) and involve consultation structures such as project community committees and the RSC, as well as external agencies. An Evaluation Panel (Panel of Experts) will also be appointed to provide guidance to the project’s resettlement programme.

9.1 Monitoring Framework

The overall aim of the monitoring programme will be to measure the extent to which the goals of the RP have been achieved. This will be achieved through three broad components:

• performance monitoring; • impact monitoring; and • a completion audit.

Indicators (the variables used to measure progress toward the goals of the RP) and targets (the quantified levels of the indicators to be achieved at a given point in time) will be established in consultation with affected communities and other key stakeholders. The following range of indicators will be established:

• input indicators (to measure the financial, physical and human resources allocated for the attainment of resettlement and livelihood restoration goals);

• output indicators (to measure the services/goods and activities produced by the inputs; e.g., compensation disbursements for acquired assets, preparation of resettlement sites and allocation of residential plots and the construction of replacement services/facilities);

• outcome indicators (to measure the extent to which the outputs are accessible and used, and the levels of satisfaction with services and activities produced by the inputs.; e.g. the ways in which compensation was used by recipients, changes to schools enrolment figures in resettlement areas, and changing local attitudes to project implementation);

• impact indicators (to measure the key dimensions of livelihood restoration so as to determine whether the goals of the RP have been achieved; e.g., restoration and diversification of income levels across different social categories, the sustainability of income-generating activities and changes in literacy levels); and

• process indicators (to measure and assess implementation processes; e.g., the functioning of liaison/participation structures, the levels of representation of different social categories and the processes by which conflicts and disputes are resolved)

Appendix 6 contains examples of indicators to be established for the monitoring of the resettlement implementation programme. Indicators will also be disaggregated to ensure that geographical and social variables – for example, specific social categories such as vulnerable households – are properly accounted for.

The monitoring framework is summarised in Table 9-1.

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Table 9-1: Monitoring Framework Monitoring Indicator Overall Frequency Activity Type Responsibility Internal Input, output and process indicators, WSH • Monthly internal (performance) measuring: reports monitoring • procedures in operation; • Formal quarterly/ • physical progress against established annual reports milestones. Standardized Mainly impact-derived indicators, WSH • Annual (quantitative) measuring: M&E consultant monitoring • social impact indicators (e.g. demographic changes; changes to status of women, children and vulnerable groups; changes to land use and tenure patterns); • economic impact indicators (e.g. employment levels; crop output and production costs; household asset profiles and landholdings; income, expenditure and consumption levels; success of income restoration and development initiatives). Participatory Community-derived indicators, measuring: WSH • Monthly via (qualitative) • attitudes to key implementation and M&E consultant participation monitoring mitigation issues; structure • perceptions and suggestions relating to • Annually by project impacts, both negative and external agency positive; • disturbances to the social practices and fabric of local communities; • satisfaction levels regarding the level of community participation and consultation. Assessment & Output, impact, process and sustainability PoE • Bi-annually during Evaluation indicators, assessing: project start-up, • procedures in operation and physical thereafter annually progress against established milestones; • objectives and rationale of mitigation measures; • success of resettlement and livelihood restoration measures; • development of unsustainable dependencies. Completion Mainly output indicators (livelihood External agency • On completion of Audit restoration, productivity gains and resettlement development impact). programme

9.2 Performance Monitoring

The M&E Section will coordinate the internal performance monitoring system. Performance monitoring will measure progress with resettlement and livelihood restoration against scheduled actions and milestones. Input and output indicators associated with performance milestones will be monitored. Examples of input and output indicators are:

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• establishment of community consultation structures and required institutional structures; • completion of census and socio-economic surveys; • operation of compensation, grievance and other necessary procedures; • disbursement of compensation payments; • physical relocation of displaced persons; • provision of reestablishment assistance to relocated households; • assistance to vulnerable households with the acquisition of alternative land; and • compilation/submission of monitoring and evaluation reports.

On-going monitoring of resettlement implementation will occur as a standard activity of the M&E Section. Each RDD Section will regularly produce progress reports against which project implementation will be assessed. The various community committees and the CLAs will also play an important monitoring role by providing feedback on community concerns, grievances and requests.

Internal monthly monitoring reports will be compiled by the M&E Section, while formal monitoring reports will be prepared on a quarterly basis for distribution to the RSC and other project committees.

9.3 Impact Monitoring

Impact monitoring will focus on the effectiveness of resettlement and livelihood restoration measures, the identification of constraints and the recommendation of any corrective measures that may be necessary. Data collection will occur at two levels:

• at the level of households, through the use of quantitative (standardised) socio-economic and health survey instruments; • at group/community level, through the use of qualitative (participatory) monitoring and evaluation techniques.

In both cases, external agencies will be appointed to assist with impact monitoring exercises.

9.3.1 Standardised (Quantitative) Monitoring

Quantitative (household questionnaire) surveys will be used to monitor the changing socio-economic status of displaced persons. A number of simple, objectively verifiable quantitative indicators will be established for measuring the impact of physical relocation on the health and welfare of the displaced population. The following are examples of quantitative (impact-related) indicators that will be monitored through the household surveys:

• demographic changes (e.g. movement of people in/out of the household); • education levels (e.g. school enrolment); • changes to status of women, children and vulnerable groups; • changes to land use and tenure patterns, and associated impacts; • employment levels; • household asset profiles; • income and expenditure levels, and consumption patterns; • birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate; • incidence of communicable and preventable diseases (e.g. diarrhoea, HIV/AIDS); • access to primary and other heath care; • access to potable water; • changes to nutritional status of households.

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Socio-economic monitoring will be outsourced to NGOs or similar agencies and conducted on an annual basis, using standardised survey instruments.

9.3.2 Participatory (Qualitative) Monitoring

A community-based participatory monitoring and evaluation (PME) programme will be implemented to gauge the effectiveness of resettlement measures in meeting the needs of displaced households. Participatory monitoring and evaluation will involve affected persons in the collective examination and assessment of resettlement implementation processes and outcomes. PME is action-oriented and seeks to build local capacity by:

• providing affected persons the opportunity to reflect on the progress with/obstacles in resettlement implementation and livelihood restoration; • generating knowledge that informs practice and leads to corrective actions; • providing affected persons with the tools to transform their environment (Coupal 1998).

An external agency will be appointed as a facilitator to undertake the PME exercises, scheduled to occur on an annual basis. Through the PME exercises affected communities will be assisted to:

• develop their own criteria for acceptable standards of living; • assess their pre-project (baseline) standard of living in terms of their own criteria; • monitor their own progress towards recovering their pre-project standard of living; • evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures; and • develop and communicate their own solutions to outstanding problems.

The outcome of this process would be an assessment of affected persons’ attitudes, perceptions, views and fears regarding both general and specific elements of the resettlement implementation and livelihood restoration process. Given the participatory nature of this type of monitoring, there would be a continual process of learning, with new ideas and concerns incorporated into the implementation process. An inclusive problem-solving approach will be followed, using local experiences and realities as the basis for solutions to implementation problems and constraints.

9.4 Evaluation Panel

An Evaluation Panel (Panel of Experts) will be appointed to provide guidance to the RDD (and the project’s Environmental Management Unit). The Panel will be comprised of three specialists with expertise in resettlement and development process and practise. It will undertake overall evaluations of the resettlement and livelihood restoration work being undertaken by the project. The Panel will be appointed early in the pre-construction phase. Panel visits will occur every six months during the project start-up period, then annually after this initial period. The scope of work of the Panel will include:

• examining internal monitoring reports and quantitative and qualitative socio-economic monitoring reports; • visiting resettlement sites and consulting relocated and host communities to verify the success of the resettlement programme; • evaluating project institutions, including capacity and operating constraints; • analysing budgets and expenditure in relation to milestones and site realities; and • advising on any emerging issues and providing recommendations on how to address issues and improve the resettlement programme.

In addition to the various indicators assessed by the other forms of monitoring listed above, the Panel will consider process and sustainability indicators. Examples are:

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• commitment and capacity of the Project agency (e.g. funding, staffing, transparency); • capacity of government agencies and NGOs to fulfil their respective roles; • processes used to identify and resolve grievances and disputes; • appropriateness of the consultation and participation process; and • sustainability of livelihood restoration initiatives and the emergence of possible unsustainable dependencies.

The Panel will prepare independent final reports for each resettlement stage (or a combination of stages where practical), highlighting the lessons learnt and recommending measure to improve implementation practices.

9.5 Completion Audit

A completion audit will be undertaken by an independent agency at the end of the resettlement programme. The aim of the audit will be to verify that resettlement and livelihood restoration activities have undertaken in compliance with the objectives and principles of the RP. The audit will specifically:

• confirm that all physical inputs specified in the RP have been delivered; • confirm all outputs achieved under the resettlement programme; and • assess whether the outcomes of the resettlement programme have had the desired beneficial impacts.

An important aim of the audit will be to allow WSH to sign-off its responsibility for compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration. The audit will therefore also describe any outstanding issues that require attention prior to the closing of the resettlement programme.

9.6 R eporting

Monitoring activities and reports are scheduled to occur as follows:

• Internal monitoring: Internal monitoring will be undertaken by the M&E Section. Monthly progress reports will serve a monitoring purpose, while formal resettlement monitoring reports will be produced quarterly.

• Participatory (qualitative) monitoring and evaluation: PME will be coordinated by the M&E Section and undertaken by external agencies (e.g. NGOs), appointed community facilitators and the community project committees. PME will be undertaken at least annually for the duration of the resettlement programme. Mechanisms will be put into place to promptly address community concerns.

• Standardised (quantitative) monitoring: This will be undertaken by an external agency on an annual basis, using standardised survey instruments, and would be scheduled to occur at the same time of year to enable meaningful analysis.

• Evaluation Panel: During the early phases of the Project, the Panel will undertake bi-annual site visits to guide the establishment of the resettlement programme. Visits will thereafter occur on an annual basis for the duration of the resettlement programme.

• Completion audit: This will be undertaken at the end of the resettlement programme to verify that WSH has complied with the goals, objectives and principles of the RP.

Monitoring reports will be submitted to the RSC, community committees and other concerned stakeholders.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME

10. IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME

A broad resettlement implementation schedule is presented in Figure 10-1. The schedule will be further developed and updated once a detailed construction schedule for the transmission line is available.

The key preparatory activities for the resettlement programme will be undertaken during the project’s pre-construction phase, when the detailed survey and final design of the transmission line will occur. Key compensation and resettlement activities to be undertaken during this period include:

• Mobilisation of RDD staff. WSH’s RDD staff will be appointed to commence the detailed planning and implementation of compensation and resettlement activities. This will include interaction with relevant government departments and agencies and the preparation of a complementary plan of actions with these departments/agencies to ensure proper planning and integration of implementation activities.

• Establishment of consultation structures. The Resettlement Steering Committee and LCFs will be established to ensure proper coordination and the full involvement of affected households in the compensation and resettlement planning process.

• Establishment of grievance procedures. The required grievance redress mechanisms will be established.

• Baseline data and asset verification. Affected households will be confirmed as the detailed survey and final design of the transmission line progresses, including households with cultivation or unoccupied land in the RoW. Through a socio-economic census, existing household information will be updated and new households will be surveyed. Asset verification exercises will be initiated for the recording of all project-affected assets.

• Land acquisition process. The requisite procedures will be initiated for the acquisition of permanently required land.

• Compensation determination. District-level CDCs will be established to assist with the determination of compensation rates, and to confirm affected households and their entitlements.

• Contracting of NGOs. Qualified NGOs will be appointed to undertake social preparation programmes with affected households and communities.

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Figure 10-1: Implementation Schedule

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) RESETTLEMENT BUDGET

11. RESETTLEMENT BUDGET

The total resettlement cost estimate, as detailed in Table 11-1, is US$ 3.5535 million. The budget comprises ten cost items and includes:

• capital costs, comprising compensation for the loss of private assets and for other entitlements; and • operating costs, comprising costs for support to district land revenue departments, for committees and community liaison, for training programmes and for NGO involvement. Costs for WSH’s Resettlement and Development Division (RDD) as well as for monitoring and evaluation are included in the main reservoir area RP, since the RDD will manage the resettlement programme for the project as a whole.

The estimated unit costs are based on the rates used in the WSHEP Resettlement Action Plan of 2000, adjusted for inflation. All rates are based-dated June 2007. Rates will be indexed and adjusted annually for inflation. WSH will in all instances ensure that the necessary funds are provided in a timely manner for proper implementation of land acquisition and resettlement activities.

11.1 Compensation for B uildings and S tructures

This cost item covers all privately-owned structures to be relocated from the tower pad sites and RoW. It includes compensation for 201 houses, 24 business structures, 58 livestock sheds/other structures and one school shed. The estimate for this budget item is USD 0.9186 million.

11.2 Residential Site Development

This cost item provides for assistance with residential site development, as well as costs for the provision of toilets, cooking stoves and water supply, where required. The estimate for this budget item is USD 0.2511 million.

11.3 Land Acquisition and Devaluation

This item covers compensation for the permanent acquisition of private land, for cleared residential/business land in the RoW, for land use restrictions in the RoW, for the possible full acquisition of high value residential land in urban areas, for the acquisition of severed or uneconomical land parcels and for the payment of a 20% project benefit for permanent land acquisition at the tower sites. It also makes provision for the payment of Government land revenue/registration fees. The estimate for this budget item is USD 1.0709million.

11.4 Compensation for Temporary Land Occupation

This item covers the leasing of private land during the construction period. The estimate for this budget item is USD 0.0357 million.

11.5 Compensation for Tree Losses

This item covers compensation for the loss of private trees within the RoW, as well as for compensation/ mitigation arrangements for losses associated with government and community forests. Since the present survey only covered residential/ business properties in the RoW, it includes estimates for additional private trees located on other private land in the RoW. The estimate for this budget item is USD 0.2702 million.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) RESETTLEMENT BUDGET

11.6 Allowances

This item covers the payment of the following allowances specified in the Entitlement Matrix: evacuation/shifting and displacement allowances for all relocated households, a rehabilitation allowance for vulnerable households, a cultivation disruption allowance for eligible households, a rental allowance for tenants and an allowance for the permanent loss of labour. The estimate for this budget item is USD 0.1470 million.

11.7 Employment and Local Development

This item covers the implementation of a construction employment strategy for local job seekers, training programmes and contracted NGOs to assist with social preparation and livelihood restoration activities. The estimate for this budget item is USD 0.5600 million.

11.8 Management and Administration

As stated above, the overall costs for the management of the project’s resettlement programme is included in the reservoir area RP. The management and administration cost item in the reservoir area RP is USD 14.4649 and includes the establishment of the project’s RDD, the establishment of a resettlement site office for the transmission line and a monitoring and evaluation programme, including an Evaluation Panel.

The cost item in the transmission line RP provides for support to government land revenue offices and community participation structures. The estimate for this budget item is USD 0.3000 million.

11.9 Contingencies

A 10% contingency for the resettlement programme has been included in the overall project budget.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) RESETTLEMENT BUDGET

Table 11-1: Resettlement Budget (Transmission Line) Cost/ Total No./ Resettlement Cost Item Unit Unit Cost Size (US$) (US$ M) 1 REPLACEMENT OF PRIVATELY-OWNED BUILDINGS

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) RESETTLEMENT BUDGET

Table 11-2: Resettlement Budget (Reservoir and Downstream Project Components) Cost per Total Number/ Resettlement Cost Item Unit Unit Cost Size (US$) (US$ M) 1 REPLACEMENT OF PRIVATELY-OWNED BUILDINGS

Houses/stores (1,602) m2 78,320 143 11.1998 Livestock area of house (1,325) m2 13,250 48 0.6360 Water mills (34) m2 340 48 0.0163 Tea shops (68) m2 1,360 48 0.0653 Other buildings and relocation of special value enterprises (25) m2 5,000 143 0.7150 Sub-Total 12.6324

2 LAND ACQUISITION AND REPLACEMENT Purchasing of replacement land ha 2,400 10,485 25.1640 Compensation for portion of relocated/in situ households ha 100 10,485 1.0485 Purchasing of severed/inaccessible land parcels ha 40 10,485 0.4194 Government land revenue on acquired land lump sum 2.6632

Sub-Total 29.2951 3 LEASING OF TEMPORARILY ACQUIRED LAND Leasing of cultivation land during construction (5 years) ha 26 794 0.0206 4 PRIVATELY OWNED TREES Compensation for tree losses at project sites no. 21,250 200 4.2500 5 COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SITE DEVELOPMENT Schools (8) m2 1,200 143 0.1716 Temples (20) m2 400 48 0.0191 Footbridges (incl. destroyed bridge currently being rebuilt) number 8 190,628 1.5250 Upgrading of tracks number 2 23,828 0.0477 Compensation for community hydro-power scheme Lekham 0.0600

Replacement toilets (Terai) number 1,202 159 0.1911 Domestic water supply (Terai) - tube wells number 1,202 159 0.1911 Improved cooking stoves number 1,202 32 0.0385 Infrastructure development - local relocation sites number 20 27,000 0.5400 Infrastructure development - Terai relocation sites number 20 280,000 5.6000 Sub-Total 8.3840

6 ALLOWANCES Household displacement allowance (Terai & self-relocate) household 1,202 635 0.7638 Household displacement allowance (within project area) household 191 318 0.0607 Business displacement allowance business 94 635 0.0597 Shifting allowance (Terai or self-relocate) household 1,202 200 0.2404 Shifting allowance (within project area) household 152 100 0.0152 Cultivation disruption allowance non-displaced households household 732 635 0.4648 Rehabilitation allowance vulnerable households household 274 500 0.1370 Rental allowance - tenants household 274 80 0.0219 Allowance for permanent loss of labour persons 1,000 150 0.1500 Sub-Total 1.9135

7 EMPLOYMENT AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT Preferential employment and training programme 0.2000

Contracted NGOs, incl. for vulnerable households 1.0000

Community support programmes 0.2000

Sub-Total 1.4000

8 MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION Staff costs - Resettlement & Development Division 10.5480

Direct costs - R&D Division (15% of staff costs) 1.5822

Support to land revenue offices/asset verification exercise 0.2500

Transit arrangements and transportation to Terai 0.4203

Community participation 0.7044

Monitoring, incl. external and Evaluation Panel 0.9000

Sub-Total 14.4049 9 TOTAL 72.3005

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) RESETTLEMENT BUDGET

Table 11-3: Resettlement Staff Period Monthly Rate Resettlement Staff Number Total (US$) (Months) (US$) Manager - R&D Division 1 68 20,000 1,360,000 Site Manager - Reservoir 1 48 20,000 960,000 Site staff - Reservoir 8 48 1,500 576,000 Site Manager - Terai 1 48 20,000 960,000 Site staff - Terai 8 48 1,500 576,000 Site Manager - Transmission Line 1 24 20,000 480,000 Site staff - Transmission Line 4 24 1,500 144,000 Resettlement Unit Head 1 60 4,000 240,000 Resettlement and LA Staff 2 96 1,500 288,000 Compensation Unit Head 1 48 4,000 192,000 Compensation Staff 2 96 1,500 288,000 Livelihood Restoration Unit Head 1 60 4,000 240,000 Livelihood Restoration Staff 2 96 1,500 288,000 Consultation Unit Head 1 68 4,000 272,000 Consultation Staff 2 96 1,500 288,000 Infrastructure Unit Head 1 48 4,000 192,000 Infrastructure Staff 2 96 1,500 288,000 Logistics Unit Head 1 48 4,000 192,000 Logistics Staff 2 96 1,500 288,000 M&E Unit Head 1 48 4,000 192,000 M&E Staff 2 96 1,500 288,000 IS Unit Head 1 48 4,000 192,000 IS Staff 2 96 1,500 288,000 Short-Term Specialists 48 18,000 864,000 Administrative Staff (local) 6 60 700 252,000 Resettlement/logistics fields staff 20 60 300 360,000 Total 10,548,000

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) REFERENCES

12. REFERENCES

Asian Development Bank, 1995. Involuntary Resettlement. Asian Development Bank. Manila, Philippines.

Asian Development Bank, 1998. Handbook on Resettlement. A Guide to Good Practice. Asian Development Bank. Manila, Philippines.

Asian Development Bank, 2000. Policy on Indigenous People. Asian Development Bank. Manila, Philippines.

Asian Development Bank, 2003. Gender Checklist – Resettlement. Manila, Philippines.

Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), 2002. Population Census 2001: National Report. CBS, Kathmandu.

CBS, 2003. Population Monograph of Nepal (Volume I). CBS, Kathmandu.

CBS, 2003. Population Monograph of Nepal (Volume II). CBS, Kathmandu.

CBS, 2004. Nepal Living Standards Survey 2003/04: Statistical Report (Volume One). CBS, Kathmandu.

CBS, 2004. Nepal Living Standards Survey 2003/04: Statistical Report (Volume Two). CBS, Kathmandu.

CBS, 2005. Poverty Trend in Nepal. GoN, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Coupal, F. 1998. Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation for Community-Driven Projects. U.S. Agency for International Development; The Reengineering Digest, On Track Vol. 3, April 1998.

District Development Committee (DDC) Dadeldhura, 2058. District Profile 2058.

DDC Kailali, 2059, District Development Plan 059/060 to 063/064, Part-1, District Profile Analysis.

DDC Kanchanpur, 2059. District Development Plan 059/060 to 063/064, Part-1.

DDC Doti, 2061. District Profile Description and Analysis.

DDC Dadeldhura, 2061. District Profile 2061/2062. Secretariat of National Planning Commission, CBS Branch Office.

DDC Kanchanpur, 2062. District Profile of Kanchanpur 2062. Secretariat of National Planning Commission, CBS Branch Office.

GoN, 1977. Land Acquisition Act 2034.

GoN, 1990. Constitution of Nepal (2046).

GoN, 2007. Interim Constitution of Nepal (2063).

Molnar, A. and Ragsdale, T., 1991. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Issues and Procedures in Nepal. Unpublished document.

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 12-1

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) REFERENCES

National Planning Commission (NPC), 2003. Tenth Plan (2002-2007), National Planning Commission, Singh Durbar, Kathmandu.

Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), 2004. Resettlement Plan: Thankot-Chapagaon-Bhaktapur 132 kV Transmission Line Project. Independent Assessment of Acquisition, Compensation and Rehabilitation Plan. Final Report.

NPC/ADB 2006. Land Acquisition, Compensation and Resettlement in Development Projects. Kathmandu: A Report Prepared by TA-4422-NEP.

Nepal Rastra Bank (Central Bank of Nepal), 1993. Rural Credit Review Study 1991/92.

Thapa, D.B.S., 1988. A Study on Legal Aspects of Land Acquisition in Nepal. Legal Research Associates. Kathmandu, Nepal.

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

13. APPE NDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

Project Component Caste/ Tower Pad RoW No. Name of Household Head Ethnic Ward House/Structure No. of House/Structure No. of Land Land Group No Fruit No Fruit Relocation Only Relocation Only Relocation Trees Relocation Trees BANLEK 1 DUMARIYA BHUL Dalit 9 0 √ 0 2 LAL BHUL Dalit 9 √ 0 0 3 JILE LUHAR Dalit 9 √ 0 0 4 MANUWA LUHAR Dalit 8 √ 0 0 5 NARU DEVI THAGULLA Chhetri 3 √ 0 0 6 MAHABIR BHUL Dalit 8 √ 0 0 7 DHANA DEVI BOHARA Chhetri 3 √ 0 0 8 MAN BDR. DHAMI Chhetri 7 √ 0 0 BARBATTA 9 BHAGI BALAYAR Chhetri 7 √ 0 0 10 SIVI BALAYAR Chhetri 7 √ 0 0 11 MAN BDR. BALAYAR Chhetri 7 √ 0 0 DAIJI 12 NANDA LOHAR Dalit 6 √ 0 7 13 BHAWANI SINGH MADAI Chhetri 5 0 √ 12 14 JANAK BOHARA Chhetri 5 √ 0 0 15 BIR BAHADUR BHATTA Chhetri 6 √ 0 0 16 KALSE BHUL Dalit 4 √ 0 0 17 DHAN BAHADUR BOHARA Chhetri 7 0 √ 8 18 RAM BAHADUR BOHARA Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 19 LAL BAHADUR MADAI Chhetri 5 0 √ 0 20 JAYMAN JAGARI Chhetri 6 √ 0 0 21 KARNA BAHADUR KHADAYAT Chhetri 7 √ 0 0 22 RAGHU OAD Dalit 6 √ 0 0 23 JAY BAHADUR DIYA Other 6 0 √ 0 24 NANDA LAL JOSHI Bhramin 6 √ 0 0 WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 13-1

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

Project Component Caste/ Tower Pad RoW No. Name of Household Head Ethnic Ward House/Structure No. of House/Structure No. of Land Land Group No Fruit No Fruit Relocation Only Relocation Only Relocation Trees Relocation Trees 25 BALBAN OKHEDA Dalit 6 √ 0 0 26 RATAN BAHADUR BOHARA Chhetri 7 √ 0 0 27 KALE BOHARA Chhetri 7 0 √ 0 28 SALIMAN AIR Chhetri 5 0 √ 0 29 MAHABIR DHANUK Other 4 0 √ 0 30 JAYANANDA PANERU Bhramin 5 √ 0 0 31 NARAYAN OAD Dalit 4 0 √ 0 32 MANIRAJ BHATTA Bhramin 4 0 √ 0 33 KISHAN SINGH BISTA Chhetri 3 0 √ 0 34 CHIMADE BHUL Dalit 4 0 √ 0 35 KANTHE OAD Dalit 4 0 √ 0 36 DHAN BAHADUR BISTA Chhetri 3 √ 0 0 37 TULA DUTTA BHATTA Bhramin 3 √ 0 0 38 CHIMURE BHUL Dalit 4 √ 0 0 39 JAY BAHADUR BOHARA Chhetri 4 √ 0 0 40 LATO BHUL Dalit 4 √ 0 0 41 BALDEV DHAMI Chhetri 3 0 √ 0 42 CHAKRA BAHADUR BOHARA Chhetri 4 0 √ 0 43 GANESH BAHADUR OAD Dalit 4 0 √ 0 44 SUKA GHANUK Chhetri 4 √ 0 0 45 RAM OAD Dalit 4 0 √ 0 46 JAYANTI DEVI KHATRI Chhetri 4 0 √ 0 47 DEV SINGH SETI Chhetri 2 √ 0 0 48 DHAN SINGH BISTA Chhetri 3 0 √ 0 49 BHARAT KHADKA Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 50 AMMAR NATH Other 6 0 √ 0 GODAVARI 51 DAN BAHADUR KHANAL Bhramin 8 √ 0 0 52 PREM BAHADUR RAI Hill Ethnic 8 √ 0 0 53 HARI MAYA KHANAL Bhramin 8 √ 0 0

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

Project Component Caste/ Tower Pad RoW No. Name of Household Head Ethnic Ward House/Structure No. of House/Structure No. of Land Land Group No Fruit No Fruit Relocation Only Relocation Only Relocation Trees Relocation Trees JHALARI 54 TARI AIR Chhetri 5 √ 0 0 55 HARUWA KAMI Dalit 5 √ 0 0 56 MOHAN SINGH AIR Chhetri 5 0 √ 0 57 JAY RAJ TIRUWA Dalit 9 0 √ 0 58 JAY BAHADUR AIR Chhetri 5 √ 0 0 59 SHANKAR DUTTA JOSHI Bhramin 3 0 √ 0 60 KARAN SINGH DHAMI Chhetri 2 √ 0 0 61 NAR BAHADUR DHAMI Chhetri 2 0 √ 0 62 LOKENDRA DHAMI Chhetri 2 0 √ 0 63 GITHE DAMAI Chhetri 2 0 √ 0 64 MAN SINGH BOHARA Chhetri 2 0 √ 0 65 MAN SINGH BOHARA Chhetri 2 √ 0 6 66 DHAN BAHADUR JAGRI Chhetri 2 √ 0 0 67 GOVINDA RAJ JOSHI Bhramin 3 √ 0 0 68 BIR BAHADUR DHAMI Chhetri 2 √ 0 0 69 JAY RAM DHAMI Chhetri 2 √ 0 0 70 GOVINDA SINGH AIR Chhetri 9 √ 0 0 71 MAHA DEV JOSHI Bhramin 9 0 √ 0 72 LAL BAHADUR AIR Chhetri 5 √ 0 0 73 RAM SINGH AIR Chhetri 5 √ 0 0 74 RAN BAHADUR AIR Chhetri 5 √ 0 0 75 NAR BAHADUR SINGH Thakuri 2 √ 0 0 76 JUG BAHADUR BOHARA Chhetri 2 0 √ 0 77 BIR BAHADUR KHADKA Chhetri 2 0 √ 5 78 NARENDRA CHAND Thakuri 2 0 √ 0 79 DAL BAHADUR MAHARA Chhetri 2 0 √ 0 80 DALPATI DHAMI Chhetri 2 0 √ 0 81 JAY DEV BHATTA Bhramin 0 √ 0 82 PADAM SINGH AIR Chhetri 2 √ 0 0

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

Project Component Caste/ Tower Pad RoW No. Name of Household Head Ethnic Ward House/Structure No. of House/Structure No. of Land Land Group No Fruit No Fruit Relocation Only Relocation Only Relocation Trees Relocation Trees 83 DATTA RAM PADAL Bhramin 2 √ 0 0 84 GANESH DATTA AWASTHI Bhramin 2 0 √ 0 85 RAMESH SINGH RAWAL Chhetri 2 √ 0 0 86 JAHARI BHATTA Bhramin 2 0 √ 0 87 DALJIT DHAMI Chhetri 2 0 √ 0 88 TIKA DAMAI Dalit 3 √ 0 0 89 BUDUWA KHUNA Tharu 3 √ 0 0 90 PHAGU SINGH DHAMI Chhetri 0 √ 0 91 JAY BAHADUR TIRUWA Dalit 5 0 √ 0 92 LAL BAHADUR AIR Chhetri 9 √ 0 0 93 BIR BAHADUR THAKUNNA Chhetri 2 0 √ 0 94 KRISHNA BAHADUR THAKUNNA Chhetri 3 0 √ 0 95 DEV BAHADUR SINGH Thakuri 2 √ 0 0 96 DEV BAHADUR SAUD Chhetri 5 √ 0 0 KAILPALMANDU 97 DEV BAHADUR MALLA Thakuri 1 0 √ 0 98 PADAM BAHADUR DEUWA Chhetri 1 0 √ 0 99 TARA DEVI DEUWA Chhetri 1 0 √ 0 100 UDAYA SINGH MALLA Thakuri 1 0 √ 0 101 BAHADUR DEUWA Chhetri 1 0 √ 0 KRISHNAPUR 102 RAM BAHADUR CHAUDHARY Tharu 2 √ 0 0 103 PADAM RAJ BHATTA Bhramin 3 √ 0 0 104 HARI PRASAD PATHAK Bhramin 6 √ 0 0 105 JOGI RAWAT Chhetri 5 0 √ 0 106 DURGA DATTA BHATTA Bhramin 5 0 √ 2 107 TIKA RAM CHAUDHARY Tharu 5 0 √ 0 108 PREM BAHADUR GURUNG Hill Ethnic 6 0 √ 2 109 LAPTANRAM DAGAURA Tharu 2 √ 0 0 110 BIR BAHADUR CHAND Thakuri 2 √ 0 0

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

Project Component Caste/ Tower Pad RoW No. Name of Household Head Ethnic Ward House/Structure No. of House/Structure No. of Land Land Group No Fruit No Fruit Relocation Only Relocation Only Relocation Trees Relocation Trees 111 BIRAJU CHAUDHARY Tharu 5 0 √ 0 112 KARNA BAHADUR HAMAL Chhetri 5 √ 0 0 113 BASU DEV JOSHI Bhramin 5 √ 0 0 114 MAHESH JOSHI Bhramin 5 √ 0 0 115 GANGA RAM RANA Tharu 4 √ 0 0 116 MANUMATI SAUD Chhetri 6 √ 0 0 117 KALU RAM CHAUDHARY Tharu 2 √ 0 0 118 GOPAL CHAUDHARY Tharu 6 0 √ 0 119 JAY LAL BOHARA Chhetri 2 0 √ 0 120 BIR BAHADUR CHAND Thakuri 2 0 √ 0 121 JAYANTI BUM Thakuri 2 0 √ 0 122 BIR BAHADUR BUM Thakuri 0 √ 0 123 RAIMAN ROKAYA Chhetri 0 √ 0 124 KISHNE DHANGOURA Tharu 2 0 √ 0 125 BIR SINGH BOHARA Chhetri 6 √ 1 0 126 HANSA BAHADUR SINGH Thakuri 6 0 √ 0 127 SURAT BAHADUR SINGH Thakuri 6 0 √ 0 128 RAM BAHADUR THAPA Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 129 MIN BAHADUR BUM Thakuri 6 0 √ 0 130 DAMBARA DEVI PANT Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 NATHURA DAGORA THARU 131 Tharu 2 0 √ 0 CHAUDHARY 132 RAM BAHADUR MEHETA Chhetri 5 0 √ 0 133 PREM RAJ OJHA Bhramin 5 0 √ 0 134 YAGYA RAJ BHATTA Bhramin 5 √ 0 0 135 LAHAJU DAGAURA Tharu 0 √ 0 136 HIMANCHAL RANA (THARU) Tharu 2 0 √ 0 LATAMANDU 137 TEK BAHADUR BALAYAR Chhetri 8 √ 0 0 138 HARKA BAHADUR BALAYAR Chhetri 9 √ 0 0

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

Project Component Caste/ Tower Pad RoW No. Name of Household Head Ethnic Ward House/Structure No. of House/Structure No. of Land Land Group No Fruit No Fruit Relocation Only Relocation Only Relocation Trees Relocation Trees 139 TIKA BALAYAR Chhetri 8 √ 0 0 140 AMAR BALAYAR Chhetri 9 √ 0 0 141 ESARE BALAYAR Chhetri 8 √ 0 0 142 DEV BALAYAR Chhetri √ 0 0 143 NAR BAHADUR BALAYAR Chhetri 8 0 √ 0 144 MAHADEV RAWAL Chhetri 9 √ 0 0 145 RAIBHAN BALAYAR Chhetri 8 0 √ 0 146 DEV BDR. BALAYAR Chhetri 8 0 √ 0 MAHENDRANAGAR 147 DEVI DUTTA BOGATI Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 148 JAGDISH PRASAD BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 149 SITA DEVI BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 150 NANDA LAL BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 151 KAMLESH CHAUDHARY Tharu 3 0 √ 0 152 GOPAL DUTTA BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 153 SAMBHU CHAUDHARY Tharu 3 √ 0 0 154 MAN SINGH NEGI Other √ 0 0 155 SUNDAR CHAND Thakuri 6 √ 0 0 156 JITA RAM BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 157 RATAN NATH Other 10 √ 0 0 158 DHANA DEVI BOHARA Chhetri 10 √ 0 0 159 NAYAN SINGH BISTA Chhetri 8 0 √ 0 160 NARAYAN DUTTA BHATTA Bhramin 6 √ 0 0 161 RAJARAM NAGARI Chhetri 6 √ 0 0 162 DAL BAHADUR BISTA Chhetri 8 0 √ 0 163 KALYAN DUTTA JOSHI Bhramin 10 √ 0 0 164 NAGENDRA SINGH KARKI Chhetri 6 0 √ 20 165 BHAWANI DUTTA JOSHI Bhramin 10 0 √ 0 166 KESHAB SINGH BISTA Chhetri 10 √ 0 0 167 BIR BAHADUR CHAND Thakuri 6 √ 0 0

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

Project Component Caste/ Tower Pad RoW No. Name of Household Head Ethnic Ward House/Structure No. of House/Structure No. of Land Land Group No Fruit No Fruit Relocation Only Relocation Only Relocation Trees Relocation Trees 168 LAXMI DUTTA BHATTA Bhramin 10 0 √ 0 169 DAMBAR SINGH KARKI Chhetri 10 0 √ 0 170 BHAKTA PRASAD BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 171 KALU CHAND Thakuri 6 √ 0 0 172 DHARMANANDA JOSHI Bhramin 10 0 √ 0 173 KAMALAPATI BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 174 BAL BAHADUR LOHAR Dalit 10 0 √ 0 175 DEV BAHADUR SUNAR Dalit 8 √ 0 0 176 JAYA NANDA JOSHI Bhramin √ 0 0 177 RAM SINGH BISTA Chhetri 8 √ 0 0 178 TEJ SINGH KARKI Chhetri 10 √ 0 0 179 JAY RAJ JOSHI Bhramin 10 √ 0 0 180 PADAM BDR. KARKI Chhetri 10 0 √ 0 181 CHANDRA DEVI KHADKA Chhetri √ 0 0 182 KRISHNA NANDA BHATTA Bhramin 6 √ 0 0 183 MANOJ SINGH KARKI Chhetri 10 0 √ 0 184 KITHI CHAND Thakuri 6 √ 0 0 185 KALU SINGH BOHARA Chhetri 6 √ 0 0 186 ISHWORI SINGH BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 187 RUP BAHADUR RAWAL Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 188 JAGDISH PRASAD BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 189 JAYANANDA JOSHI Bhramin 6 √ 0 0 190 RAM BAHADUR RAWAL Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 191 NANDA SINGH BHANDARI Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 192 KAMALAPATI BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 193 RANA BAHADUR BISTA Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 194 BHAGRATHI BHANDARI Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 195 BISHNU DUTTA BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 196 HARI DUTTA BHATTA Bhramin 6 √ 0 0 197 RUP BAHADUR KUNWAR Chhetri 6 0 √ 0

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WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

Project Component Caste/ Tower Pad RoW No. Name of Household Head Ethnic Ward House/Structure No. of House/Structure No. of Land Land Group No Fruit No Fruit Relocation Only Relocation Only Relocation Trees Relocation Trees 198 ARJUN NATH Other 6 0 √ 0 199 KRISHNA BAHADUR RAWAL Chhetri 7 0 √ 0 200 NABA RAJ UPADHAYA Bhramin 7 0 √ 0 201 KALU SINGH BOHARA Chhetri 6 √ 0 0 202 CHANDRA SINGH BHATTA Bhramin 6 √ 0 0 203 SITA DEVI BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 204 GOPAL DUTTA BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 205 MAN SINGH NEGI Other 6 √ 0 0 206 PARBATI BHANDARI Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 207 MEHER SINGH RAWAL Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 208 HARI DUTTA BHATTA Bhramin 6 √ 0 0 209 RAMESH PANDEY Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 210 DEV SINGH BHANDARI Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 211 HARISH K.C. Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 212 AMBAR BAHADUR K.C. Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 213 DIL BAHADUR BOHARA Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 214 KHEM RAJ BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 215 SURYA BAHADUR KUNWAR Thakuri 3 √ 0 0 216 JAY RAM BHATTA Bhramin 3 √ 0 0 217 KASI BHATTA Bhramin 6 √ 0 0 MALAKHETI 218 CHANDRA BHANDARI Bhramin 8 0 √ 0 219 GOPAL AALE Hill Ethnic 8 0 √ 0 220 GEM RAJ JOSHI Bhramin 8 √ 0 0 221 DAMBAR BAHADUR BUDHATHOKI Chhetri 8 0 √ 0 222 RANA BAHADUR THAPA Chhetri 8 0 √ 0 223 HARKA BAHADUR CHAUDHARY Tharu 9 0 √ 0 224 MAHABIR SAHU Chhetri 4 √ 0 0 225 GORE KAMI Dalit 2 √ 0 0 226 BHAWANI PRASAD AWASTHI Bhramin 1 √ 5 0

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 13-8

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

Project Component Caste/ Tower Pad RoW No. Name of Household Head Ethnic Ward House/Structure No. of House/Structure No. of Land Land Group No Fruit No Fruit Relocation Only Relocation Only Relocation Trees Relocation Trees 227 GORE KAMI Dalit 6 0 √ 0 228 SURAJ CHAUDHARY Tharu 6 0 √ 0 229 RAM LAL BUDHATHOKI Chhetri 8 0 √ 0 230 THAGI SINGH MAHARA Chhetri 8 0 √ 0 231 KALU RAM BUDHATHOKI Chhetri 8 0 √ 0 232 SHANKAR BAHADUR MAHARA Chhetri 8 0 √ 0 233 BASUDEV MAHARA Chhetri 8 √ 0 0 234 DILLI RAJ BHATTA Bhramin 8 √ 0 0 235 UMAPATI JOSHI Bhramin 8 0 √ 0 236 TARA PRASAD BHATTA Bhramin 8 √ 0 0 237 RAM BAHADUR CHAUDHARY Tharu 6 0 √ 0 238 INDRA BAHADUR BOGATI Chhetri 6 √ 0 0 239 KHUSIRAM CHAUDHARY Tharu 6 0 √ 0 240 HARIBHAKTA JOSHI Bhramin 2 0 √ 0 241 DEBU RAM CHAUDHARY Tharu 6 0 √ 0 242 BHIM RAJ BHATTA Bhramin 4 √ 0 0 243 THAGGA CHAUDHARY Tharu 6 √ 0 0 244 DHARMA RAJ SHARMA Bhramin 2 √ 0 0 245 GANGA RAM CHAUDHARY Tharu 6 √ 0 0 246 TUL BAHADUR CHAUDHARY Tharu 6 √ 0 0 247 PUNARAM CHAUDHARY Tharu 6 0 √ 0 248 GANESH BHATTA Bhramin 2 √ 0 0 249 KALURAM CHAUDHARY Tharu 6 0 √ 0 250 SIRI PRASAD CHAUDHARY Tharu 6 0 √ 0 251 SAMBHU SHARMA Chhetri 2 √ 0 0 252 BHAN DEV BHATTA Bhramin 8 √ 0 0 MASTAMANDU 253 SHER BAHADUR DEUBA Chhetri 4 √ 0 0 254 KARNA BAHADUR DEUWA Chhetri 4 0 √ 0 255 SHER BAHADUR DEUWA Chhetri 4 0 √ 0

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 13-9

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

Project Component Caste/ Tower Pad RoW No. Name of Household Head Ethnic Ward House/Structure No. of House/Structure No. of Land Land Group No Fruit No Fruit Relocation Only Relocation Only Relocation Trees Relocation Trees 256 LAL BAHDUR BHUL Dalit 4 0 √ 0 257 HARI B.K. Dalit 4 √ 0 0 258 KAMAL SINGH DEUWA Chhetri 3 √ 0 0 259 KHADAK BDR. DEUWA Chhetri 3 √ 0 0 260 GANAN SING THAGUNA Chhetri 4 √ 0 0 PACHNALI 261 MANAHARE SAUD Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 262 PARUWA DAMAI Dalit 6 0 √ 0 263 DHARMA DEVI MALLA Thakuri 6 0 √ 0 SAHAJPUR 264 SASHI RAM SAPKOTA Bhramin 9 √ 0 0 265 GANGA RAM RIJAL Bhramin 8 0 √ 0 266 RAMESH RIJAL Bhramin 8 0 √ 0 267 DAN BAHADUR SHAH Thakuri 8 0 √ 0 268 RATNA BAHADUR SHAH Thakuri 8 0 √ 0 269 EAK BAHADUR SHAHI Thakuri 8 0 √ 0 270 TEJ BAHADUR SHAHI Thakuri 8 0 √ 0 271 KHAGISARA LAMA Hill Ethnic 2 √ 0 0 272 INDRA BAHADUR LAMA Hill Ethnic 2 √ 0 0 273 JAYMAL DHAMI Chhetri 2 √ 0 0 274 RABI LAL AALE Hill Ethnic 2 √ 0 0 275 NAKHARI DHAMI Chhetri 2 √ 0 0 276 HIRA DEVI KHATRI Chhetri 1 0 √ 0 277 SHER BAHADUR B.K. Dalit 1 √ 0 0 278 LAL BAHADUR B.K. Dalit 1 √ 0 0 279 THAKKAR BAHADUR RANA Tharu 8 0 √ 0 SUDA 280 PARMAL CHAND Thakuri 6 √ 4 0 281 KALU RAM PANERU Bhramin 7 0 √ 0 282 DIRGHA RAJ BHATTA Bhramin 6 √ 0 0

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 13-10

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 1: LIST OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS

Project Component Caste/ Tower Pad RoW No. Name of Household Head Ethnic Ward House/Structure No. of House/Structure No. of Land Land Group No Fruit No Fruit Relocation Only Relocation Only Relocation Trees Relocation Trees 283 JAYRAJ BOHARA Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 284 SHIVA DUTTA PANERU Bhramin 7 √ 0 0 285 LAXMI DUTTA PANERU Bhramin 7 √ 0 0 286 DHAN BAHADUR BUM Thakuri 6 0 √ 0 287 HARU DEVI MARKAND Chhetri 6 0 √ 0 288 PHOJAL DAGAURA Tharu 7 √ 0 0 289 BINOD DAGAURA Tharu 7 √ 0 0 290 GAMBHIR SINGH SAUD Chhetri 6 √ 0 0 291 DEV RAJ PANERU Bhramin 7 √ 0 0 292 HEM RAJ LEKHAK Bhramin 6 √ 0 0 293 TEK BAHADUR THAGUNNA Chhetri 7 √ 0 0 294 BHOJ RAJ BHATTA Bhramin 7 √ 0 0 295 SHIV RAJ PANDEY Bhramin 6 √ 0 0 296 KHEM RAJ BHATTA Bhramin 6 0 √ 0 TOTAL 47 4 92 10 139 14 62

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 13-11

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 2: HOUSEHOLDS TO BE RELOCATED

14. APPENDIX 2: HOUSEHOLDS TO BE RELOCATED

Sex of Age of Head Project ID District VDC Ward Village Household Head Caste Head Head Disabled Component 345 DADELDHURA KAILPALMANDU 1 KOIRAL BAHADUR DEUWA Male 54 No Chhetri RoW 193 DADELDHURA KAILPALMANDU 1 MOHI KORAL DEV BAHADUR MALLA Male 63 Yes Thakuri RoW 261 DADELDHURA KAILPALMANDU 1 KOIRAL PADAM BAHADUR DEUWA Male 64 No Chhetri RoW 263 DADELDHURA KAILPALMANDU 1 KOIRAL TARA DEVI DEUWA Female 56 No Chhetri RoW 344 DADELDHURA KAILPALMANDU 1 KOIRAL UDAYA SINGH MALLA Male 65 No Thakuri RoW 236 DADELDHURA MASTAMANDU 4 SELTADA KARNA BAHADUR DEUWA Male 41 No Chhetri RoW 238 DADELDHURA MASTAMANDU 4 SELTADA LAL BAHDUR BHUL Male 30 No Sarki RoW 237 DADELDHURA MASTAMANDU 4 SELTADA SHER BAHADUR DEUWA Male 39 No Chhetri RoW 192 DOTI BANLEK 9 BHOLBAS DUMARIYA BHUL Male 70 No Sarki RoW 235 DOTI BANLEK 9 BALYAS LAL BHUL Male 35 No Sarki Tower 227 DOTI BARBATTA 7 RATAPAR BHAGI BALAYAR Male 70 No Chhetri Tower 335 DOTI BARBATTA 7 RATAPAR MAN BDR. BALAYAR Male 60 No Chhetri Tower 234 DOTI BARBATTA 7 RATAPAR SIVI BALAYAR Male 36 No Chhetri Tower 342 DOTI LATAMANDU 8 GHADI DEV BDR. BALAYAR Male 69 No Chhetri RoW 296 DOTI LATAMANDU 8 BELCHAUD NAR BAHADUR BALAYAR Male 63 No Chhetri RoW 341 DOTI LATAMANDU 8 GHADI RAIBHAN BALAYAR Male 75 No Chhetri RoW 229 DOTI PACHNALI 6 AMNYAM DHARMA DEVI MALLA Female 71 No Thakuri RoW 224 DOTI PACHNALI 6 MATHKOT MANAHARE SAUD Male 57 No Chhetri RoW 225 DOTI PACHNALI 6 AMNYAM PARUWA DAMAI Male 60 No Damai RoW 77 KAILALI MALAKHETI 8 TEGHARI BASUDEV MAHARA Male 60 No Chhetri Tower 96 KAILALI MALAKHETI 8 BHAN DEV BHATTA Male 74 No Brahmin Tower 62 KAILALI MALAKHETI 8 THEGARI CHANDRA BHANDARI Female 38 No Brahmin RoW 85 KAILALI MALAKHETI 6 MUKTINAGAR DEBU RAM CHAUDHARY Male 54 No Tharu RoW 88 KAILALI MALAKHETI 2 MALAKHETI DHARMA RAJ SHARMA Male 35 No Brahmin Tower 89 KAILALI MALAKHETI 6 GANGA RAM CHAUDHARY Male 40 No Tharu Tower 63 KAILALI MALAKHETI 8 TEGHARI GOPAL AALE Male 50 No Magar RoW 71 KAILALI MALAKHETI 6 GORE KAMI Male 61 No Kami RoW 67 KAILALI MALAKHETI 9 DAMAURA HARKA BAHADUR CHAUDHARY Male 22 No Tharu RoW 75 KAILALI MALAKHETI 8 TEGHARI KALU RAM BUDHATHOKI Male 37 No Chhetri RoW 93 KAILALI MALAKHETI 6 DAMAURA KALURAM CHAUDHARY Male 50 Yes Tharu RoW

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 14-1

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 2: HOUSEHOLDS TO BE RELOCATED

Sex of Age of Head Project ID District VDC Ward Village Household Head Caste Head Head Disabled Component 83 KAILALI MALAKHETI 6 DAMAURA KHUSIRAM CHAUDHARY Male 25 No Tharu RoW 81 KAILALI MALAKHETI 6 DAMAURA RAM BAHADUR CHAUDHARY Male 22 No Tharu RoW 73 KAILALI MALAKHETI 8 TEGHARI RAM LAL BUDHATHOKI Male 65 No Chhetri RoW 66 KAILALI MALAKHETI 8 TEGHARI RANA BAHADUR THAPA Male 48 No Chhetri RoW 94 KAILALI MALAKHETI 6 DAMAURA SIRI PRASAD CHAUDHARY Male 50 No Tharu RoW 72 KAILALI MALAKHETI 6 DAMAURA SURAJ CHAUDHARY Male 25 No Tharu RoW 87 KAILALI MALAKHETI 6 MALAKHETI THAGGA CHAUDHARY Male 71 No Tharu Tower 74 KAILALI MALAKHETI 8 TEGHARI THAGI SINGH MAHARA Male 53 No Chhetri RoW 90 KAILALI MALAKHETI 6 DAMAURA TUL BAHADUR CHAUDHARY Male 40 No Tharu Tower 79 KAILALI MALAKHETI 8 UMAPATI JOSHI Male 51 No Brahmin RoW 245 KAILALI SAHAJPUR 8 SAHAJPUR DAN BAHADUR SHAH Male 51 No Thakuri RoW 247 KAILALI SAHAJPUR 8 EAK BAHADUR SHAHI Male 35 No Thakuri RoW 243 KAILALI SAHAJPUR 8 NOBADI GANGA RAM RIJAL Male 25 No Brahmin RoW 257 KAILALI SAHAJPUR 1 NINGLADI HIRA DEVI KHATRI Female 45 No Chhetri RoW 244 KAILALI SAHAJPUR 8 NOBADI RAMESH RIJAL Male 32 No Brahmin RoW 246 KAILALI SAHAJPUR 8 SAHAJPUR RATNA BAHADUR SHAH Male 58 No Thakuri RoW 248 KAILALI SAHAJPUR 8 SAHAJPUR TEJ BAHADUR SHAHI Male 36 No Thakuri RoW 260 KAILALI SAHAJPUR 8 SAHAJPUR THAKKAR BAHADUR RANA Male 38 No Tharu RoW 191 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 6 JANDEPANI AMMAR NATH Male 35 No Other RoW 153 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 6 JADEPAI BALBAN OKHEDA Male 33 No Kami Tower 182 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 3 DHARAMPUR BALDEV DHAMI Male 42 No Chhetri RoW 190 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 6 JANDEPANI BHARAT KHADKA Male 35 No Chhetri RoW 141 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 5 BHAWANI SINGH MADAI Male 65 No Chhetri RoW 183 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 4 BAITADA CHAKRA BAHADUR BOHARA Male 40 No Chhetri RoW 168 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 4 BAITADA CHIMADE BHUL Male 54 Yes Sarki RoW 179 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 4 BAITADA CHIMURE BHUL Male 68 No Sarki Tower 145 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 7 HATTITHALA DHAN BAHADUR BOHARA Male 60 No Chhetri RoW 189 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 3 POLKHARI DHAN SINGH BISTA Male 60 Yes Chhetri RoW 184 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 4 BAITADA GANESH BAHADUR OAD Male 32 No Kami RoW 151 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 6 SIDDHANATH TOLE JAY BAHADUR DIYA Male 35 Yes Other RoW 187 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 4 BAITADA JAYANTI DEVI KHATRI Female 50 No Chhetri RoW 155 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 7 HATTITHALA KALE BOHARA Male 60 No Chhetri RoW 144 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 4 BAITADA KALSE BHUL Male 65 No Sarki Tower

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 14-2

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 2: HOUSEHOLDS TO BE RELOCATED

Sex of Age of Head Project ID District VDC Ward Village Household Head Caste Head Head Disabled Component 149 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 7 HATTITHALA KARNA BAHADUR KHADAYAT Male 40 Yes Chhetri Tower 165 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 3 POLKHARI KISHAN SINGH BISTA Male 34 No Chhetri RoW 147 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 5 LAL BAHADUR MADAI Male 30 No Chhetri RoW 164 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 4 BAITADA MANIRAJ BHATTA Male 60 No Brahmin RoW 140 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 6 JADEPANI NANDA LOHAR Female 36 No Kami Tower 163 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 4 BAITADA NARAYAN OAD Male 40 No Kami RoW 146 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 6 JADEPANI RAM BAHADUR BOHARA Male 22 No Chhetri RoW 186 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 4 BAITADA RAM OAD Male 37 No Kami RoW 156 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 5 SIDHANATH SALIMAN AIR Male 75 No Chhetri RoW 178 KANCHANPUR DAIJI 3 POLKHARI TULA DUTTA BHATTA Male 65 No Brahmin Tower 120 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 BIR BAHADUR KHADKA Male 28 No Chhetri RoW 136 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 JUDA BIR BAHADUR THAKUNNA Male 50 No Chhetri RoW 122 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMALPHATA DAL BAHADUR MAHARA Male 28 No Chhetri RoW 130 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMALPHATA DALJIT DHAMI Male 60 No Chhetri RoW 126 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMALPHATA DATTA RAM PADAL Male 60 No Brahmin Tower 109 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMALPHATA DHAN BAHADUR JAGRI Male 75 Yes Chhetri Tower 127 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMALPHATA GANESH DATTA AWASTHI Male 54 No Brahmin RoW 106 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMALPHATA GITHE DAMAI Male 70 No Chhetri RoW 113 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 9 AMARPUR GOVINDA SINGH AIR Male 57 No Chhetri Tower 129 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMALPHATA JAHARI BHATTA Male 60 No Brahmin RoW 134 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 5 AMARPUR JAY BAHADUR TIRUWA Male 56 No Kami RoW 124 KANCHANPUR JHALARI JAY DEV BHATTA Male 45 No Brahmin RoW 100 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 9 AMARPUR JAY RAJ TIRUWA Male 35 No Kami RoW 119 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMAPHATA JUG BAHADUR BOHARA Male 34 No Chhetri RoW 137 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 3 JAGDA KRISHNA BAHADUR THAKUNNA Male 30 No Chhetri RoW 114 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 9 AMARPUR MAHA DEV JOSHI Male 60 No Brahmin RoW 107 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMALPHATA MAN SINGH BOHARA Male 32 No Chhetri RoW 108 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMALPHATA MAN SINGH BOHARA Male 50 No Chhetri Tower 99 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 5 SISAIYA MOHAN SINGH AIR Male 42 No Chhetri RoW 104 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 PITAMBAR NAR BAHADUR DHAMI Male 35 No Chhetri RoW 121 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 NARENDRA CHAND Male 26 No Thakuri RoW 125 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMALPHATA PADAM SINGH AIR Male 90 No Chhetri Tower 133 KANCHANPUR JHALARI PHAGU SINGH DHAMI Male 45 No Chhetri RoW

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 14-3

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 2: HOUSEHOLDS TO BE RELOCATED

Sex of Age of Head Project ID District VDC Ward Village Household Head Caste Head Head Disabled Component 116 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 5 SISAIYA RAM SINGH AIR Male 70 No Chhetri Tower 128 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 2 SIMALPHATA RAMESH SINGH RAWAL Male 35 No Chhetri Tower 102 KANCHANPUR JHALARI 3 JABDA SHANKAR DUTTA JOSHI Male 43 No Brahmin RoW 35 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR MOTIPUR BUNK BIR BAHADUR BUM Male 69 No Thakuri RoW 33 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 2 BUNK BIR BAHADUR CHAND Male 48 No Thakuri RoW 13 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 5 MAUWAPHANT BIRAJU CHAUDHARY Male 50 No Tharu RoW 51 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 6 MAUWAPHANT DAMBARA DEVI PANT Female 45 No Brahmin RoW 5 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 5 ATTARIA PATTI DURGA DATTA BHATTA Male 55 No Brahmin RoW 24 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 4 GANGA RAM RANA Male 60 No Tharu Tower 47 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 6 MAUWAHANT HANSA BAHADUR SINGH Male 53 No Thakuri RoW 61 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 2 GALLI NO 4 HIMANCHAL RANA (THARU) Male 34 Yes Tharu RoW 32 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 2 BUNK JAY LAL BOHARA Male 45 No Chhetri RoW 34 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 2 BUNK JAYANTI BUM Female 60 No Thakuri RoW 4 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 5 MAUWA PHANT JOGI RAWAT Male 60 Yes Chhetri RoW 27 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 2 BANI SHIVIR KALU RAM CHAUDHARY Male 32 No Tharu Tower 14 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 5 KARNA BAHADUR HAMAL Male 27 No Chhetri Tower 16 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 5 MAUWAPHANT MAHESH JOSHI Male 35 No Brahmin Tower 26 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 6 GULARIYA MANUMATI SAUD Female 65 No Chhetri Tower 50 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 6 CAMPUSTOLE MIN BAHADUR BUM Male 74 No Thakuri RoW NATHURA DAGORA THARU 52 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 2 Male 55 No Tharu RoW CHAUDHARY 2 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 3 CHHOTI KIYANI PADAM RAJ BHATTA Male 30 No Brahmin Tower 7 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 6 PREM BAHADUR GURUNG Male 55 No Gurung RoW 54 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 5 MAUWAPHANT PREM RAJ OJHA Male 45 No Brahmin RoW 36 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR BUNK RAIMAN ROKAYA Male 40 No Chhetri RoW 1 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 2 BANI SHIVIR RAM BAHADUR CHAUDHARY Male 40 No Tharu Tower 53 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 5 MAUWAPHANT RAM BAHADUR MEHETA Male 30 No Chhetri RoW 49 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 6 MAUWAPHANT RAM BAHADUR THAPA Male 50 No Chhetri RoW 48 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 6 MAUWAPHANT SURAT BAHADUR SINGH Male 48 No Thakuri RoW 6 KANCHANPUR KRISHNAPUR 5 ATTARIA PATTI TIKA RAM CHAUDHARY Male 40 No Tharu RoW 400 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHANTITOLE AMBAR BAHADUR K.C. Male 56 No Chhetri RoW 371 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 AITHPUR ARJUN NATH Male 30 No Other RoW 367 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 BHAGRATHI BHANDARI Female 52 No Brahmin RoW

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 14-4

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 2: HOUSEHOLDS TO BE RELOCATED

Sex of Age of Head Project ID District VDC Ward Village Household Head Caste Head Head Disabled Component 278 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SUKHSAL BHAKTA PRASAD BHATTA Male 45 No Brahmin RoW 268 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 10 GHADDACHAUKI BHAWANI DUTTA JOSHI Male 63 Yes Brahmin RoW 270 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SUKAKHAL BIR BAHADUR CHAND Male 70 No Thakuri Tower 383 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHANTITOLE CHANDRA SINGH BHATTA Male 50 No Brahmin Tower 265 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 8 TILACHAUR DAL BAHADUR BISTA Male 53 No Chhetri RoW 277 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 10 GAJJAR DAMBAR SINGH KARKI Male 32 No Chhetri RoW 398 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHANTI DEV SINGH BHANDARI Male 60 No Brahmin RoW 201 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 AITHPUR DEVI DUTTA BOGATI Male 69 Yes Chhetri RoW 221 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 10 GAJJAR DHANA DEVI BOHARA Female 49 No Chhetri Tower 280 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 10 GADDHACHAUKI DHARMANANDA JOSHI Male 57 No Brahmin RoW 412 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 PHULBARI DIL BAHADUR BOHARA Male 32 No Chhetri RoW 214 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 AITHPUR GOPAL DUTTA BHATTA Male 36 No Brahmin RoW 385 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 HALDUKHAL GOPAL DUTTA BHATTA Male 36 No Brahmin RoW 395 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHANTI TOLE HARI DUTTA BHATTA Male 27 No Brahmin Tower 399 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHANTITOLE HARISH K.C. Male 28 No Chhetri RoW 358 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHANTI ISHWORI SINGH BHATTA Male 46 No Brahmin RoW 208 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 AITHPUR JAGDISH PRASAD BHATTA Male 59 No Brahmin RoW 360 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 AITHPUR JAGDISH PRASAD BHATTA Male 58 No Brahmin RoW 420 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 3 JAY RAM BHATTA Male 52 No Brahmin Tower 284 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR HALDUKHAL JAYA NANDA JOSHI Male 52 No Brahmin Tower 362 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 HALDUKHAL JAYANANDA JOSHI Male 45 No Brahmin Tower 219 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 AITHPUR JITA RAM BHATTA Male 63 No Brahmin RoW 357 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHABPUR KALU SINGH BOHARA Male 71 No Chhetri Tower 281 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 BHAGWATI KAMALAPATI BHATTA Male 45 No Brahmin RoW 365 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHANTI KAMALAPATI BHATTA Male 58 No Brahmin RoW 212 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 3 BICHPURI KAMLESH CHAUDHARY Male 38 No Tharu RoW 421 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 KASI BHATTA Male 70 No Brahmin Tower 269 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 10 GHADDACHAUKI KESHAB SINGH BISTA Male 34 No Chhetri Tower 418 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 KHEM RAJ BHATTA Male 50 No Brahmin RoW 380 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 7 KHAIRENI KRISHNA BAHADUR RAWAL Male 63 No Chhetri RoW 354 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 ALTHPUR KRISHNA NANDA BHATTA Male 0 No Brahmin Tower 276 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 10 GHADDACHAUKI LAXMI DUTTA BHATTA Male 50 No Brahmin RoW 386 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SITA RAM TOLE MAN SINGH NEGI Male 52 No Other Tower

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 14-5

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 2: HOUSEHOLDS TO BE RELOCATED

Sex of Age of Head Project ID District VDC Ward Village Household Head Caste Head Head Disabled Component 355 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 10 GADDACHAUKI MANOJ SINGH KARKI Male 24 No Chhetri RoW 394 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 KHAIRANA (TRIVENI) MEHER SINGH RAWAL Male 67 No Chhetri RoW 381 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 7 KHAIRENI NABA RAJ UPADHAYA Male 52 No Brahmin RoW 267 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 BHAGWATITOLE NAGENDRA SINGH KARKI Male 42 No Chhetri RoW 210 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 AITHPUR NANDA LAL BHATTA Male 63 No Brahmin RoW 364 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHANTI NANDA SINGH BHANDARI Male 44 No Brahmin RoW 222 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 8 TILACHAUR NAYAN SINGH BISTA Male 48 No Chhetri RoW 351 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 10 GRAHACHAKUI PADAM BDR. KARKI Male 65 No Chhetri RoW 387 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHANTI PARBATI BHANDARI Female 60 No Brahmin RoW 363 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 KHAIRENI RAM BAHADUR RAWAL Male 62 No Chhetri RoW 396 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHANTI TOLE RAMESH PANDEY Male 28 No Brahmin RoW 366 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 SHANTI RANA BAHADUR BISTA Male 60 No Chhetri RoW TRIVENI CHOWK 370 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 RUP BAHADUR KUNWAR Male 58 Yes Chhetri RoW KHAIRENI 359 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 KHAIRENI (TRIVENI) RUP BAHADUR RAWAL Male 42 No Chhetri RoW 209 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 HALDUKHAL SITA DEVI BHATTA Female 56 No Brahmin RoW 384 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 6 HALDUKHAL SITA DEVI BHATTA Female 50 No Brahmin RoW 419 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 3 TRIBENI CHOWK SURYA BAHADUR KUNWAR Male 60 No Thakuri Tower 349 KANCHANPUR MAHENDRANAGAR 10 JIMUWA GAJAR TEJ SINGH KARKI Male 60 No Chhetri Tower 176 KANCHANPUR SUDA 7 MUSEPANI DEV RAJ PANERU Male 43 No Brahmin Tower 170 KANCHANPUR SUDA 6 CHAUKHUTEE DHAN BAHADUR BUM Male 55 No Thakuri RoW 172 KANCHANPUR SUDA 6 CHAUKHATEE HARU DEVI MARKAND Female 58 No Chhetri RoW 160 KANCHANPUR SUDA 6 JHACHPUR JAYRAJ BOHARA Male 55 No Chhetri RoW 158 KANCHANPUR SUDA 7 SUDA KALU RAM PANERU Male 79 No Brahmin RoW 213 KANCHANPUR SUDA 6 GAUJI KHEM RAJ BHATTA Male 43 No Brahmin RoW 157 KANCHANPUR SUDA 6 JHAJPURA PARMAL CHAND Male 90 No Thakuri Tower

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 14-6

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 3: STRUCTURES TO BE RELOCATED

15. APPENDIX 3: STRUCTURES TO BE RELOCATED

Structures at Tower Sites

1 2A 2B 3 Total VDC No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) Daijee 0 0 3 445.5 2 378 1 180 6 1003.5 Jhalari 1 135 3 486.09 9 2020.5 0 0 13 2641.59 Krishnapur 0 0 4 1981.8 6 1361.25 2 817.5 12 4160.55 Suda 0 0 0 0 4 1653 2 1965 6 3618 Mahendranagar N.P. 2 827 3 525 2 1457.5 18 13863.74 25 16673.24 Godawari 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malakheti 1 126 0 0 5 2239.5 2 978.75 8 3344.25 Sahajpur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ashigram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ganeshpur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kailapalamandau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mashtamandau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Amargadhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Banlek 0 0 0 0 2 823.5 0 0 2 823.5 Barpata 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3478.5 3 3478.5 Chhatiwan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ghanteswor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Latamandau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pachanali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 4 1088 13 3438.39 30 9933.25 28 21283.49 75 35743.13

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 15-1

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 3: STRUCTURES TO BE RELOCATED

Structures in Right of Way

1 2A 2B 3 Total VDC No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) Daijee 0 0 10 2651 16 4995 2 1105 28 8751 Jhalari 2 594 5 1831.5 22 6024.75 1 742.5 30 9192.75 Krishnapur 2 495 8 3642.75 16 7198.5 2 420 28 11756.25 Suda 0 0 1 630 1 192 4 2228.25 6 3050.25 Mahendranagar N.P. 3 729 10 3723.42 13 3512.8 44 28849.4 70 36814.62 Godawari 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malakheti 4 1060.91 10 2327.07 7 2258.74 0 0 21 5646.72 Sahajpur 0 0 1 360 5 2160 2 445.5 8 2965.5 Ashigram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ganeshpur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kailapalamandau 0 0 5 1665 3 1311.75 0 0 8 2976.75 Mashtamandau 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 999 3 999 Amargadhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Banlek 0 0 1 315 0 0 0 0 1 315 Barpata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chhatiwan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ghanteswor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Latamandau 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3539.51 3 3539.51 Pachanali 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1064 3 1064 Total 11 2878.91 51 17145.74 83 27653.54 64 39393.16 209 87071.35

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 15-2

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 3: STRUCTURES TO BE RELOCATED

Total Structures to be Relocated for Transmission Line Establishment

1 2A 2B 3 Total VDC No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) No Area (sq.ft.) Daijee 0 0 13 3096.5 18 5373 3 1285 34 9754.5 Jhalari 3 729 8 2317.59 31 8045.25 1 742.5 43 11834.34 Krishnapur 2 495 12 5624.55 22 8559.75 4 1237.5 40 15916.8 Suda 0 0 1 630 5 1845 6 4193.25 12 6668.25 Mahendranagar N.P. 5 1556 13 4248.42 15 4970.3 62 42713.14 95 53487.86 Godawari 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Malakheti 5 1186.91 10 2327.07 12 4498.24 2 978.75 29 8990.97 Sahajpur 0 0 1 360 5 2160 2 445.5 8 2965.5 Ashigram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ganeshpur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kailapalamandau 0 0 5 1665 3 1311.75 0 0 8 2976.75 Mashtamandau 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 999 3 999 Amargadhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Banlek 0 0 1 315 2 823.5 0 0 3 1138.5 Barpata 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3478.5 3 3478.5 Chhatiwan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ghanteswor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Latamandau 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3539.51 3 3539.51 Pachanali 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1064 3 1064 Total 15 3966.91 64 20584.13 113 37586.79 92 60676.65 284 122814.48

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 15-3

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 4: RELOCATED HOUSEHOLDS BY VILLAGE AND VDC

16. APPENDIX 4: RELOCATED HOUSE HOLDS BY VILLAGE AND VDC

VDC Village Hhs Kailpal- Mahendra- Masta- Banlek Barbatta Daiji Jhalari Krishnapur Latamandu Malakheti Pachnali Sahajpur Suda mandu nagar mandu Not indicated 19 2 4 4 4 4 1 AITHPUR 8 8 AMARPUR 4 4 AMNYAM 2 2 ATTARIA PATTI 2 2 BAITADA 9 9 BALYAS 1 1 BANI SHIVIR 2 2 BELCHAUD 1 1 BHAGWATI 2 2 BHOLBAS 1 1 BICHPURI 1 1 BUNK 4 4 CAMPUSTOLE 1 1 CHAUKHUTEE 2 2 CHHOTI KIYANI 1 1 DAMAURA 7 7 DHARAMPUR 1 1 GAJJAR 2 2 GALLI NO 4 1 1 GAUJI 1 1 GHADDACHAUKI 6 6 GHADI 2 2 GULARIYA 1 1 HALDUKHAL 5 5 HATTITHALA 3 3 JABDA 1 1 JAGDA 1 1 JANDEPANI 5 5 JHAJPUR 2 2 JIMUWA GAJAR 1 1

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 16-1

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 4: RELOCATED HOUSEHOLDS BY VILLAGE AND VDC

VDC Village Hhs Kailpal- Mahendra- Masta- Banlek Barbatta Daiji Jhalari Krishnapur Latamandu Malakheti Pachnali Sahajpur Suda mandu nagar mandu JUDA 1 1 KHAIRENI/TRIVENI 6 6 KOIRAL 4 4 MALAKHETI 2 2 MATHKOT 1 1 MAUWAPHANT 9 9 MOHI KORAL 1 1 MOTIPUR BUNK 1 1 MUKTINAGAR 1 1 MUSEPANI 1 1 NINGLADI 1 1 NOBADI 2 2 PHULBARI 1 1 PITAMBAR 1 1 POLKHARI 3 3 RATAPAR 3 3 SAHAJPUR 4 4 SELTADA 3 3 SHABPUR 1 1 SHANTI 11 11 SIDDHANATH TOLE 1 1 SIDHANATH 1 1 SIMALPHATA 12 12 SISAIYA 2 2 SITA RAM TOLE 1 1 SUDA 1 1 SUKAKHAL 2 2 TEGHARI 7 7 TILACHAUR 2 2 TRIBENI CHOWK 1 1 Total 186 2 3 25 26 5 26 3 54 21 3 3 8 7

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 16-2

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 5: ENTITLEMENT MATRIX

17. APPE NDIX 5: ENTITLEMENT MATRIX

TYPE OF LOSS ENTITLEMENT UNIT DESCRIPTION OF ENTITLEMENTS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES 1. Land 1.1 Permanent loss of private • Titleholder 1. Cash compensation for all permanent land losses a) Compensation rates will be established through land (agricultural, (agricultural, residential and commercial) at full negotiation by District Coordinating Committees residential, commercial) at replacement cost. (DCCs) and coordinated by the Resettlement Steering tower sites 2. In addition, landowners will be provided with Committee (RSC). Affected communities will be additional compensation to the value of 20% of their represented on the institutions. The establishment of acquired landholdings as a direct project benefit. rates will take account of recent market transactions and 3. Households whose cultivation production activities are values collected during RP preparation. Rates will be severely affected by the loss of land will receive a adjusted for inflation, using the consumer price index. cultivation disruption allowance as described in b) Land occupied by the tower sites will become the section 5. property of the Project. c) The following households will be considered as severely affected:  households with total landholdings of 0.25 ha or smaller who lose more than 10% of their landholdings;  households with total landholdings above 0.25 ha who lose more than 25% of their landholdings;  households whose production levels are considered to be severely affected through participatory assessment with the community committees. d) Notice to vacate will be served at least 35 days prior to acquisition dates. e) All transfer costs/taxes will be the responsibility of the Project. 1.2 Clearing of currently • Titleholder 1. Households and business enterprises within the RoW a) Certain land use restrictions will be placed on this land, occupied will be relocated to an area agreed with the concerned as detailed in section 1.3 but they will be permitted to residential/business land in households. Cash compensation, at replacement cost, use the land for the production of serial crops. the RoW will be provided for the portion of land in question but the owners will retain title over the land and allowed to use the land for other agreed purposes.

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 17-1

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 5: ENTITLEMENT MATRIX

TYPE OF LOSS ENTITLEMENT UNIT DESCRIPTION OF ENTITLEMENTS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES 1.3 Land use restrictions on • Titleholder 1. Land within the RoW will remain the property of the a) Through the Project’s consultation programme, owners private land in the Right of affected landowners but the following safety of land in the RoW will be informed of land use Way restrictions will be placed on the use of the land: (i) no restrictions and the type of activities that may not be structures (houses or other buildings); (ii) no vegetation carried out. above 3 m height; and (iii) no storage of flammable or b) Each owner will sign an acknowledgement of explosive materials. Residential yards and house restriction document at the time of the payment of the gardens will be allowed, as will some business allowance. Subsequently, GoN/WSH will have the activities. To compensate for the inconvenience created authority to remove activities in the RoW that are in by these restrictions, affected landowners will receive a contravention of the land use restrictions without any one-off compensation payment to the value of at least compensation to the owner. 10% of the market value as determined by the District c) Vegetation/private trees that have been felled will Coordinating Committees and/or RSC. In some cases remain the property of the owner. If not required by the (e.g. land where future residential development is owner, the trees/vegetation may be removed by the likely to occur) a higher percentage will be negotiated. Project. 2. In certain cases it may be necessary to provide full compensation for affected land portions in the RoW, or for the entire land parcel where necessary, due the prohibition on the erection of buildings (e.g. unoccupied land registered for residential/business purposes in the urban/peri-urban areas of Mahendranagar Municipality). This will be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Any such land for which full compensation is paid will become the property of WSH. WSH may lease the land back to community members for approved uses or sell it with the land use restrictions. 1.4 Temporary occupation of • Titleholder 1. Compensation for crop losses for the duration of a) A temporary occupation lease will be signed with the private land temporary occupation. affected landowner, specifying: 2. Compensation for any other disturbances and damages  period of occupancy; caused to the property.  formula for the calculation of production losses (the market value of crops normally produced on the land) and annual inflation adjustments;  frequency of compensation payment; and  land protection and rehabilitation measures.

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 17-2

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 5: ENTITLEMENT MATRIX

TYPE OF LOSS ENTITLEMENT UNIT DESCRIPTION OF ENTITLEMENTS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES 1.5 Loss of rented/tenancy/ • Tenant 1. The tenant will receive 50 % of the cash compensation a) Officially, only registered tenants (with a record of share-cropped land for the acquired area cultivated by him/her, while the tenancy at the Land Revenue Office) are entitled to this titleholder will receive the remaining 50 % of the compensation. However, the approach on the Project compensation payable. will be to also make compensation available to a tenant 2. A tenant who cultivates a total area of 0.25 ha or less who presents a document where the landlord agrees and who loses more than 10% of this land, or who that the tenant is cultivating a particular parcel of land. cultivates a total area of more than 0.25 ha and loses The VDC Chairperson and/or CDC will be requested to more than 25% of this land, will be considered severely certify such documents for the Project. affected and qualify for the cultivation disruption b) The latest amendment of Land Reform Act 1964 entitles allowance and other rehabilitation measures described tenants to 50% of the compensation, up from 25% in the in section 5. original Act. • Sharecropper 3. Sharecroppers do not qualify for compensation for land c) If required, the tenant will be assisted through the LCF losses. However, they will be compensated for any consultation structure with the identification of other eligible losses and included in training programmes potential agricultural production opportunities in the and registered for construction employment to the area. extent possible. d) Where a tenant and landowner have a sharecropping arrangement, the compensation payable will be apportioned according to the arrangement.

1.6 Loss of Guthi land • Tenant 1. It is not anticipated that Guthi land will be acquired by a) If required, the tenant will be assisted through the the project. However, should this occur, the tenant will community consultation structure with the receive cash compensation as per the provisions of the identification of other potential agricultural production Guthi Corporation Act 2033 (1976); i.e. one-third of the opportunities in the area. total value. However, in consultation with local b) Where a tenant and landowner have a sharecropping administration/authorise an attempt will be made to arrangement, the compensation payable will be provide compensation equivalent to that provided apportioned according to the arrangement. under the Land Reform Act 2021 (1964), latest amendment. 2. A Guthi tenant who cultivates a total area of 0.25 ha or less and who loses more than 10% of this land, or who cultivates a total area of more than 0.25 ha and loses more than 25% of this land, will be considered severely affected and qualify for the cultivation disruption allowance as described in section 5.

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 17-3

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 5: ENTITLEMENT MATRIX

TYPE OF LOSS ENTITLEMENT UNIT DESCRIPTION OF ENTITLEMENTS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES 1.7 Loss of access to public • Squatter/encroacher on 1. Illegal occupants of public land do not qualify for a) Where the Project authorities and the community land public land compensation for land losses. committees consider the impact on a squatter to be severe, he/she will qualify for rehabilitation assistance as specified in section 5. 2. Houses & Structures 2.1 Loss of own house • Titleholder 1. Cash compensation for full or partial loss of house at a) Compensation rates will be established by the District • Tenant (own replacement cost, according to house type. Vulnerable Coordinating Committees and RSC. Where necessary, accommodation) households may request and will be assisted with the rates will be adjusted for inflation, using the consumer • Squatter on public land construction of replacement housing. price index. 2. Reusable materials may be salvaged with no deduction b) Displaced households will receive a housing from the compensation entitlement. displacement allowance as described in section 5. c) It is anticipated that many replacement houses will be constructed on the landholder’s existing landholding outside the RoW. Where required, assistance will be provided, particularly to vulnerable households/groups, with the identification of alternative residential sites in the vicinity. d) Formal resettlement planning will be undertaken where more than 10 households from one settlement/residential area are displaced. e) Notice to vacate will be served at least 35 days prior to acquisition date. f) All transfer costs/taxes will be the responsibility of the Project. 2.2 Loss of rented • Tenant/Lessee 1. Rental stipend as defined in section 5. a) Compensation for the structure is payable to the owner. accommodation 2.3 Loss of commercial • Titleholder 1. Cash compensation for full or partial loss at a) Owners of displaced commercial establishments will establishment • Tenant replacement cost, according to building type. receive a business displacement allowance as described • Squatter on public land 2. Reusable materials may be salvaged with no deduction in section 5. from the compensation entitlement. b) Compensation determination, notice to vacate and compensation payment as for section 2.1. 2.4 Loss of other privately- • Titleholder 1. Cash compensation for full or partial loss at a) Other structures include: sheds, walls, fences, water owned structures • Tenant (own building) replacement cost, according to structure type. mills, etc. • Squatter on public land 2. Cash compensation for damages to structures resulting b) Loss of structures other than houses and commercial from temporary occupation of land. establishments does not entail payment of a

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 17-4

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 5: ENTITLEMENT MATRIX

TYPE OF LOSS ENTITLEMENT UNIT DESCRIPTION OF ENTITLEMENTS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES 3. Reusable materials may be salvaged with no deduction displacement allowance. from the compensation entitlement. c) Compensation determination, notice to vacate and compensation payment as for section 2.1. 3. Other Private Resources 3.1 Loss of non perennial • Person farming the land, 1. Construction activities will be timed to avoid damage a) Crop market values will be determined by the District crops whether owner cultivator to or destruction of standing crops as far as possible. Coordinating Committees. or tenant/lessee. 2. Advance notice (35 days) will be given to harvest crops b) Where a tenant/lessee and landowner have a that are ready for harvesting. sharecropping arrangement, the compensation payable 3. Compensation for damaged/lost standing crops will should be apportioned according to the arrangement. paid based on cultivated area, agreed yield and market price. 3.2 Loss of privately-owned • Titleholder; other 1. Construction activities will be timed to avoid damage a) Crop market values and production losses will be trees and perennial crops evidence of ownership to or destruction of perennial crops as far as possible. determined by the District Coordinating Committees 2. Advance notice (35 days) will be given to harvest with assistance from a resource specialist. perennial crops that are ready for harvesting. Crops b) The Project will liaise with the Departments of that cannot be harvested will be compensated for, Agriculture and Forestry or suitably qualified NGOs for based on type of crop, agreed yield and market price. the provision of assistance to affected owners and 3. Compensation for future production losses, based on communities with the reestablishment of new trees and five years annual net production for fruit/ fodder trees other perennial crops. and three years annual net production for timber/fuelwood trees and other perennial crops. 4. The owner will retain the rights to all other resources from privately-owned perennial crops trees (fruit, timber, fire wood). 4. Community Facilities/Resources 4.1 Buildings and structures • Local community 1. Restoration of affected community buildings and a) Community buildings and structures include: schools, structures to at least previous condition, or replacement temples, health posts, water points, irrigation canals, in areas identified in consultation with affected water mills, trails/foot paths and bridges. communities and relevant authorities. 4.2 Land • Local community or 1. Restoration of access to community resources. a) The Department of Agriculture and Department of user groups 2. Assistance with improvement of remaining areas. Forestry will be requested to assist with the mitigation of any impacts on grazing areas.

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 17-5

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 5: ENTITLEMENT MATRIX

TYPE OF LOSS ENTITLEMENT UNIT DESCRIPTION OF ENTITLEMENTS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES 4.3 Other natural resources • Local community or 1. Compensation for tree loss from community forests a) Community user groups will be given advance notice user groups will be provided in the form of either tree plantings or to harvest resources from affected community forest support programmes. areas. b) Consulted user group members suggested support programmes such as erosion control, income generation and strengthening of forest management. Compensation measures will be designed in consultation with affected user groups. These consultations will be formally recorded to ensure equitable access to support programmes and measures. c) The Project will liaise with the Department of Forestry and/or qualified NGOs and communities regarding production losses from communal forests and restoration requirements. 5. Rehabilitation Assistance and Vulnerable Groups 5.1 Displacement of • Titleholder 1. Payment of a housing displacement allowance for the a) The value of the various allowances will be determined household • Tenant loss of own residential accommodation. by the CDCs. • Squatter on public land 2. Payment of a rental stipend for the loss of rented b) The following categories of affected households will be accommodation. entitled to cultivation disruption allowances: 5.2 Displacement of • Vulnerable households 1. Payment of a rehabilitation allowance.  households with total landholdings of 0.25 ha and vulnerable household smaller who lose more than 10 % of their 5.3 Displacement of • Titleholder 1. Payment of a business displacement allowance for the landholdings; commercial enterprise • Tenant loss of a commercial establishment.  households with total landholdings above • Squatter on public land 0.25 ha who lose more than 25 % of their 5.4 Removal of household/ • Titleholder 1. Payment of an evacuation allowance for the removal of landholdings; business belongings • Tenant personal, household and business belongings from the  households whose production levels are • Squatter on public land affected areas. considered to be severely affected through 5.5 Severe disruption to • Titleholder 1. Payment of a cultivation disruption allowance. participatory assessment with LCFs. household cultivation • Tenant c) Eligibility for the loss of employment allowance will be 5.6 Loss of employment in • Persons of working age 1. Payment of a loss of employment allowance. assessed on a case by case basis by the LCFs, RSCs and enterprises in the RoW whose employment in RDD. enterprises in the RoW is d) Allowances will be paid at the time of serving the notice terminated due to project to vacate. activities e) Displacement allowances (housing, business and cultivation) will be paid severally.

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 17-6

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 5: ENTITLEMENT MATRIX

TYPE OF LOSS ENTITLEMENT UNIT DESCRIPTION OF ENTITLEMENTS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES 5.7 Other disturbances to • Members (15 years and 2. Training and counselling on alternative subsistence a) The Project will implement a preferential employment livelihoods older) from displaced, and livelihood opportunities. strategy to enhance construction employment. severely affected and 3. Preferential employment on construction works to the Preference will be given to members from displaced, vulnerable households extent possible. severely affected and vulnerable households. 4. Assistance to gain access to national poverty alleviation and credit programmes. 6. General Counselling 6.1 All Project impacts • Persons within and 1. General counselling on project impacts; construction a) This will be achieved through the distribution of proximate to the RoW schedules and acquisition dates; valuation, information sheets and a structured consultation compensation and grievance resolution mechanisms; process with LCFs and local officials. and construction employment procedures. b) The Project will cooperate with Government ministries and departments such as Local Development and Agriculture and Forestry in support of improved resource utilisation and community development.

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 17-7

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 6: MONITORING INDICATORS

18. APPE NDIX 6: MONITOR ING INDICATORS

Subject Indicator Variable Land Acquisition of land • Area of cultivation land acquired for project developments • Area of communal land acquired for project developments • Area of government land acquired for project developments Buildings/ Acquisition of • Number, type and size of private buildings acquired Structures buildings • Number, type and size of community buildings acquired • Number, type and size of government buildings acquired Acquisition of other • Number, type and size of other private structures acquired structures • Number, type and size of other community structures acquired Trees and Crops Acquisition of trees • Number and type of private trees acquired Destruction of crops • Crops destroyed by area, type and ownership Compensation, Compensation and • Number of households affected (buildings, land, trees, crops) Re-establishment re-establishment of • Number of owners compensated by type of loss and affected • Amount compensated by type and owner Rehabilitation owners/individuals • Number of replacement houses constructed • Size, construction, durability and environmental suitability of replacement houses • Water supply and sanitation access • Number of replacement businesses constructed Re-establishment of • Number of community buildings replaced community • Success of mitigation activities resources Hazards and Introduction of • Number of households affected by hazards and disturbances Disturbances nuisance factors from project construction and operation (noise levels, blasting, increased traffic levels) Social/ Changes to • Household size (births, deaths, migration in and out) Demographic household structure • Age distribution • Gender distribution • Marital status • Relationship to household head • Status of vulnerable households Population • Residential status of household members migration • Movement in and out of the homestead (place and residence of homestead members) Changes to access • Distance/travel time to nearest school, health centre, place of religious worship, market areas Changes to health • Nutritional status of resettled household members status • Number of people with disease, by type • Mortality rates • Access to health care services (distance to nearest facility, cost of services, quality of services) • Utilisation of health care services • Disease prevention strategies • Extent of educational programmes • Sanitation provision at schools Changes to • Literacy and educational attainment of household members educational status • School attendance rates (age, gender) • Number, type of educational establishments Changes to status of • Participation in training programmes women • Use of credit facilities • Landholding status • Participation in project-related activities and enterprises

WEST SETI HYDRO LTD. OCTOBER 2008 18-1

WEST SETI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT RESETTLEMENT PLAN: TALKOT-MAHENDRANAGAR 400KV TRANSMISSION LINE (Rev-4) APPENDIX 6: MONITORING INDICATORS

Subject Indicator Variable Household earning • Ownership of capital assets capacity • Ownership of equipment and machinery • Landholding size, area cultivated and production volume/value, by crop (cash and subsistence crops) • Landholding status (tenure) • Redistribution of cultivation land • Changes to livestock ownership: pre- and post disturbance • Value of livestock sales • Consumption of own livestock production • Employment status of economically active members • Skills of household members • Earnings/income by source, separating compensation payments • Changes to income-earning activities (agriculture) – pre- and post disturbance • Changes to income-earning activities (off-farm) – pre- and post disturbance • Amount and balance of income and expenditure • Possession of consumer durables • Realisation of household income restoration • Possession of bank and savings accounts • Access to income-generating natural resource base (e.g. forest products, fish products) Changes in social • Organisational membership of household members organisation • Leadership positions held by household members Population influx • Growth in number and size of settlements, formal and informal • Growth in market areas • Influx of people into project area Consultation Consultation • Number of local committees (LCFs) established programme • Number and dates of LCF meetings operation • Type of issues raised at local committee meetings • Involvement of local committees in project planning • Number of participating NGOs Grievances resolved • Number of grievances registered, by type • Number of grievances resolved • Number of cases referred to court Training Operation of • Number of LCF members trained training programme • Number of affected population trained in project-related training courses Management Staffing • Number of WSH resettlement and development staff by function • Number of NGO staff working on the project • Number of government land officials available • Number of office and field equipment, by type Procedures in • Census and asset verification/quantification procedures in place operation • Effectiveness of compensation delivery system • Number of land transfers effected • Co-ordination between WSH, community structures, government agencies and NGOs

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