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History of Hyperbaric Medicine ROBERT S
American Osteopathic College of Occupational and Preventive Medicine 2015 Mid Year Educational Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida How Did We Get From Here History of Hyperbaric Medicine ROBERT S. MICHAELSON, DO, MPH MARCH 14, 2015 To Here 3 History of Hyperbaric Medicine Discuss history of diving Discovery of the atmosphere Five major milestones in the development of hyperbaric medicine Triger’s caisson Eads and Brooklyn Bridge Haldane and staged decompression Rescue of the USS Squalus Donnell and Norton 5 Gourd Breathing About 375 AD Diving as a Profession Salvage Operations From as early as 9th century BC Pay scale based on depth of dive Military Operations Early attempts to bore into hull of ships or attach crude explosives to vessels Confined to shallow waters and for short duration dives Very Hard to be Stealthy and Effective T-1 American Osteopathic College of Occupational and Preventive Medicine 2015 Mid Year Educational Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida DivingHood by Flavius Vegetius Renatus about 375 AD in Leonardo’s (1452-1519) Design For Swim Fins Epitome Institutionum Rei Militaris Diving Rig of Niccolo Tartaglia Canon Recovery Mid-1600’s about 1551 Probably First Diving Bell Mid-1600’s T-2 American Osteopathic College of Occupational and Preventive Medicine 2015 Mid Year Educational Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida T-3 American Osteopathic College of Occupational and Preventive Medicine 2015 Mid Year Educational Conference, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida Diving as a Profession Salvage Operations From as early as 9th century BC Pay scale based on depth on dive Military Operations Early attempts to bore into hull of ships or attach crude explosives to vessels Confined to shallow waters and for short duration dives Very Hard to be Stealthy and Effective Diving Bell-1664 Klingert’s Diving Suit -1797 The Vasa, a Swedish ship sunk within a This equipment is the first to be called mile of her maidenvoyage in 1628. -
Scuba Diving History
Scuba diving history Scuba history from a diving bell developed by Guglielmo de Loreno in 1535 up to John Bennett’s dive in the Philippines to amazing 308 meter in 2001 and much more… Humans have been diving since man was required to collect food from the sea. The need for air and protection under water was obvious. Let us find out how mankind conquered the sea in the quest to discover the beauty of the under water world. 1535 – A diving bell was developed by Guglielmo de Loreno. 1650 – Guericke developed the first air pump. 1667 – Robert Boyle observes the decompression sickness or “the bends”. After decompression of a snake he noticed gas bubbles in the eyes of a snake. 1691 – Another diving bell a weighted barrels, connected with an air pipe to the surface, was patented by Edmund Halley. 1715 – John Lethbridge built an underwater cylinder that was supplied via an air pipe from the surface with compressed air. To prevent the water from entering the cylinder, greased leather connections were integrated at the cylinder for the operators arms. 1776 – The first submarine was used for a military attack. 1826 – Charles Anthony and John Deane patented a helmet for fire fighters. This helmet was used for diving too. This first version was not fitted to the diving suit. The helmet was attached to the body of the diver with straps and air was supplied from the surfa 1837 – Augustus Siebe sealed the diving helmet of the Deane brothers’ to a watertight diving suit and became the standard for many dive expeditions. -
The Concept of the Reflex in the Description of Behavior 321
THE CONCEPT OF THE REFLEX IN THE DESCRIPTION OF BEHAVIOR 321 The present paper was published in the Journal of General Psychology, I I 2 * s here the editor. ( 93 > 5' 4 7~45$) an^ reprinted by permission of INTRODUCTORY NOTE THE EXTENSION of the concept of the reflex to the description of the behavior of intact organisms is a common practice in modern theorizing. Nevertheless, we owe most of our knowledge of the reflex to investigators who have dealt only with "preparations," and who have never held themselves to be con- cerned with anything but a subsidiary function of the central nervous system. Doubtless, there is ample justification for the use of relatively simple systems in an early investigation. But it is true, nevertheless, that the concept of the reflex has not emerged unmarked by such a circumstance of its development. In its extension to the behavior of intact organisms, that is to say, the his- torical definition finds itself encumbered with what now appear to be super- fluous interpretations. The present paper examines the concept of the reflex and attempts to evaluate the historical definition. It undertakes eventually to frame an alterna- tive definition, which is not wholly in despite of the historical usage. The reader will recognize a method of criticism first formulated with respect to scientific Ernst Mach in The Science and concepts by [ of Mechanics} per- haps better stated by Henri Poincare. To the works of these men and to Bridgman's excellent application of the method [in The Logic of Modern Physics] the reader is referred for any discussion of the method qua method. -
Medical News. Regulations for the M.B
605 interested in the welfare of Epsom College, which he did so Smith, M.B. Liverp., Liverpool University; Frank Harold much to Stephens, St. Mary’s Hospital; Hugh Stott, Guy’s Hospital; Gilbert promote. Francis Syms, Guy’s Hospital; Wilfrid Reginald Taylor, St. Mary’s Dr. Galton leaves a widow and five daughters. The funeral Hospital; Ernest William Toulmin, St. Mary’s Hospital; took place at Shirley cemetery on Feb. llth. The ceremony Nusserwanji Hormasji Vakeel, Bombay University and St. Bar- attended old friends and and tholomew’s Hospital; Cuthbert Ferguson Walker, B.A., Royal was largely by patients many University of Ireland. Galway, Belfast, and St. Mary’s Hospital; medical men from London and his neighbourhood, amongst Alan Geoffrpy Wells, St. Mary’s Hospital; Ernest Godfrey Wheat, those present being Mr. Edmund Owen, Mr. Frederic Cambridge University and King’s College Hospital; James Norman Durham, Dr. Henry Hetley, Mr. J. B. Lamb (secretary of Wheeler, B.A. Cantab., Cambridge University and St. Thomas’s Mr. and Hospital; Edward Barton Cartwright White, London Hospital ; Epsom College), G. C. Parnell, Mr. J. Sidney Turner, William Cecil Wigan, Oxford University and St. Bartholomew’s Mr. E. Oswald Oxford Williams, St. Bartholomew’s Hos- Reynolds Ray. - Hospital; Cyril pital ; Rajaiya Robert Williams, L.R.C.P. & S. Edin., Edinburgh, Madras, and University College Hospital; John Samuel Williamson, DEATHS OF EMINENT FOREIGN MEDICAL MEN.-The deaths St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; and William Louis Rene Wood, L.S.A. of the following eminent foreign medical men are announced : Leeds University. - Dr. Martin Bloch, formerly assistant to the late Professor Diplomas of M.R.C.S. -
Adm Issue 10 Finnished
4x4x4x4 Four times a year Four times the copy Four times the quality Four times the dive experience Advanced Diver Magazine might just be a quarterly magazine, printing four issues a year. Still, compared to all other U.S. monthly dive maga- zines, Advanced Diver provides four times the copy, four times the quality and four times the dive experience. The staff and contribu- tors at ADM are all about diving, diving more than should be legally allowed. We are constantly out in the field "doing it," exploring, photographing and gathering the latest information about what we love to do. In this issue, you might notice that ADM is once again expanding by 16 pages to bring you, our readers, even more information and contin- ued high-quality photography. Our goal is to be the best dive magazine in the history of diving! I think we are on the right track. Tell us what you think and read about what others have to say in the new "letters to bubba" section found on page 17. Curt Bowen Publisher Issue 10 • • Pg 3 Advanced Diver Magazine, Inc. © 2001, All Rights Reserved Editor & Publisher Curt Bowen General Manager Linda Bowen Staff Writers / Photographers Jeff Barris • Jon Bojar Brett Hemphill • Tom Isgar Leroy McNeal • Bill Mercadante John Rawlings • Jim Rozzi Deco-Modeling Dr. Bruce Wienke Text Editor Heidi Spencer Assistants Rusty Farst • Tim O’Leary • David Rhea Jason Richards • Joe Rojas • Wes Skiles Contributors (alphabetical listing) Mike Ball•Philip Beckner•Vern Benke Dan Block•Bart Bjorkman•Jack & Karen Bowen Steve Cantu•Rich & Doris Chupak•Bob Halstead Jitka Hyniova•Steve Keene•Dan Malone Tim Morgan•Jeff Parnell•Duncan Price Jakub Rehacek•Adam Rose•Carl Saieva Susan Sharples•Charley Tulip•David Walker Guy Wittig•Mark Zurl Advanced Diver Magazine is published quarterly in Bradenton, Florida. -
The Changing Face of Emergency Oxygen Therapy Carol Ann Kelly1* and Dave Lynes2
Kelly and Lynes. Int J Crit Care Emerg Med 2015, 1:1 ISSN: 2474-3674 International Journal of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine Review Article: Open Access To Give or Not To Give – Is that the Question?: The Changing Face of Emergency Oxygen Therapy Carol Ann Kelly1* and Dave Lynes2 1Postgraduate Medical Institute, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, UK 2Faculty of Health & Social Care, Edge Hill University, UK *Corresponding author: Carol Ann Kelly, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4QP, UK, Tel: 0044-1695-657090, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Historical Context and Contemporary Issues Oxygen’s image, together with its reputation, is changing. No longer It is interesting to note that caution regarding the use of oxygen is it regarded as a benign panacea for all clinical presentations; therapy isn’t new; indeed it has been surrounded by contradiction indeed it is now increasingly evident that oxygen has the potential and controversy since its discovery in the late 18th century. The first to contribute to clinical deterioration and mortality. reference to the potential detrimental effects of too much oxygen was There is an emerging recognition that oxygen is a drug when made by Joseph Priestly himself in 1774 [2], who warned that in the administered as a therapeutic intervention and should be used presence of oxygen that: with caution. Contemporary guidelines offer criteria and directives for administration and prescription of oxygen, dependant on the “as a candle burns out much faster in [oxygen] than in common patient’s condition, acuity and care setting, yet clinical audit and air, so we might, as may be said, live out too fast .. -
Effects on Health of Prolonged Exposure to Low Concentrations of Carbon Monoxide C L Townsend, R L Maynard
708 Occup Environ Med: first published as 10.1136/oem.59.10.708 on 1 October 2002. Downloaded from SHORT REPORT Effects on health of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide C L Townsend, R L Maynard ............................................................................................................................. Occup Environ Med 2002;59:708–711 he effects on health of prolonged but low level exposure to exposures to CO have tended to be of short duration: up to carbon monoxide (CO) are unclear. Studies of carbon mon- several hours. Toxide exposure focus mainly on short term effects in More recently it has been suggested that prolonged experimental settings, or on long term effects in cases of exposure (days-months) to low concentrations of CO may accidental poisoning. Exposures in long term case studies are have subtle effects on the brain. If true, this is clearly worrying often of unknown levels and duration. Patients are sometimes as such exposure may well occur as a result of malfunctioning exposed to short periods of acute intoxication, in addition to the heating devices in people’s homes. Daily exposure, leading to low level, chronic exposure; thus the difficulty in determining symptoms including headache and malaise are often reported which type of exposure is responsible for any subsequent health with periods of recovery to normality occurring when problems. Anecdotal evidence suggests that chronic exposure to exposure stops. Thus recovery during the working day with a CO may produce mild neurological effects. Although there are recurrence of symptoms during the evening, or recovery dur- as yet no conclusive studies showing such a correlation, the evi- ing a holiday with deterioration on return, has been dence in its favour is accumulating. -
Who, Where and When: the History & Constitution of the University of Glasgow
Who, Where and When: The History & Constitution of the University of Glasgow Compiled by Michael Moss, Moira Rankin and Lesley Richmond © University of Glasgow, Michael Moss, Moira Rankin and Lesley Richmond, 2001 Published by University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Typeset by Media Services, University of Glasgow Printed by 21 Colour, Queenslie Industrial Estate, Glasgow, G33 4DB CIP Data for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 0 85261 734 8 All rights reserved. Contents Introduction 7 A Brief History 9 The University of Glasgow 9 Predecessor Institutions 12 Anderson’s College of Medicine 12 Glasgow Dental Hospital and School 13 Glasgow Veterinary College 13 Queen Margaret College 14 Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama 15 St Andrew’s College of Education 16 St Mungo’s College of Medicine 16 Trinity College 17 The Constitution 19 The Papal Bull 19 The Coat of Arms 22 Management 25 Chancellor 25 Rector 26 Principal and Vice-Chancellor 29 Vice-Principals 31 Dean of Faculties 32 University Court 34 Senatus Academicus 35 Management Group 37 General Council 38 Students’ Representative Council 40 Faculties 43 Arts 43 Biomedical and Life Sciences 44 Computing Science, Mathematics and Statistics 45 Divinity 45 Education 46 Engineering 47 Law and Financial Studies 48 Medicine 49 Physical Sciences 51 Science (1893-2000) 51 Social Sciences 52 Veterinary Medicine 53 History and Constitution Administration 55 Archive Services 55 Bedellus 57 Chaplaincies 58 Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery 60 Library 66 Registry 69 Affiliated Institutions -
History of Psychiatry Special Interest Group Newsletter Issue 7, Autumn 2018 Eds
News and Notes History of Psychiatry Special Interest Group Newsletter Issue 7, Autumn 2018 Eds. Lydia Thurston and Claire Hilton News and Notes HoPSIG Issue 7, Autumn 2018 Contents Editorial: Lydia Thurston 1 Articles Sir Clifford Allbutt: physician, educator and Commissioner in Lunacy. 2 RHS Mindham Work as therapy: a reminder from the fields of Worcestershire. 4 David Jolley Thomas Laycock (1812-1876): Medicine, Mind and Mental Diseases. 5 Edward H Reynolds Memoirs Deepa Parry-Gupta 8 Hugh Jolly 10 Archives and artefacts College Archives Update. Francis Maunze 12 College crest: when and where and for what purpose? 13 In the College Archives … Bubble wrapped: Sigmund Freud and Julius Wagner- Jauregg. Claire Hilton 13 Book reviews The Dark Threads by Jean Davison, reviewed by RHS Mindham 15 Does History Make Sense? Hegel on the Historical Shapes of Justice by T Pinkard, reviewed by George Ikkos 16 Podcast Review A History of Psychiatry Podcast Series by Rab Houston, reviewed by Julian Laverty 19 Picture quizzes 21 Dates for your diary 21 Newsletter t itle | Division/Faculty | Date 1 Editorial Lydia Thurston, Co-editor Welcome to the Autumn 2018 edition of News Hilton also reveals two more treasures from and Notes . It’s been a busy summer for the archives in the form of portraits of Freud HoPSIG. In June we hosted a session at the and Wagner-Jauregg. RCPsych International Congress in This issue also contains a review of two Birmingham. Our speakers were Claire Hilton, podcasts chosen from an online series Helen Killaspy and Thomas Craig, all of whom produced by Rab Houston, Professor of presented talks encompassed by our session Modern History at the University of St title, ‘The myths of deinstitutionalisation’. -
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857–1952)
GENERAL ARTICLE Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857–1952) Prasanna Venkhatesh V Twentieth century bore witness to remarkable scientists who have advanced our understanding of the brain. Among them, Sir Charles Scott Sherrington’s ideas about the way in which the central nervous system operates has continuing relevance even today. He received honorary doctorates from twenty- two universities and was honoured with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in the year 1932 along with Lord Prasanna Venkhatesh V is Edgar Adrian for their work on the functions of neurons. He currently a graduate developed our modern notion of the reflex as a model for how student at the Center for the periphery and spinal cord connect sensation and action. Neuroscience working with Prof. Aditya Murthy. He is “...To move things is all that mankind can do, for such the sole working on voluntary control of reaching and executant is muscle, whether in whispering a syllable or in felling pointing movements. His aforest.” research interests are –Sherrington neural basis of motor control and animal Sherrington had the genius to see the real need to amalgamate the behavior. scattered ideas in neurophysiology at that time, to give a compre- hensive overview that changed our perception of brain functions. In a career spanning almost sixty-five years, he published more than three hundred and twenty articles and a couple of noteworthy books. He was a man of admirable qualities and greatness, which is evident from the enviable number of articles, commentaries and books that have been written about his life, his approach to science and the world in general. -
Decompression: Revisiting Old Assumptions
Equipment & Training Decompression: Revisiting Old Assumptions By Sergio Rhein Schirato D. Remmers D. Decmompression sickness is a complex condition that is still not entirely understood. he first comprehensive attempt to understand the (or “fit-to-reality adjustments”), the differential equations illness related to the exposure to hyperbaric environ- used by Haldane are the same ones used in almost every Tments was led by John Scott Haldane in collaboration computer or software available on the market today. with Arthur Edwin Boycott and Guybon Chesney Castell Given the information that was available at the time, it is Damant, and published early in the 20th century as “The understandable that Haldane and his coworkers treated 1 Prevention of Compressed-air Illness.” In retrospect, the the matter as a physical (or mechanical) problem caused by methodology used in the study, the assumptions that differ- bubbles forming during decompression. Having said that, ent tissues would absorb and eliminate gas at different rates it is worthwhile to note that in this study they specifically and how he modeled it, and the arguments used against the recognized that many of the animals that died did not reveal linear decompression (a method widely used at the time) signs of bubbles during necropsy and Haldane speculated are remarkable, especially if the knowledge and resources that bubbles may have formed in parts of the body they did available at the time are taken into consideration. In many not study. respects, most of Haldane’s conclusions remain the basis for many procedures still in use today. With a few improve- ments to supersaturation values, and other refinements 4 | Quest, Vol. -
Recreational Dive Planner PADI IDC
Recreational Dive Planner PADI IDC 1 John Scott Haldane PADI IDC 2 John Scott Haldane • British Navy employed him to investigate DCS 3 John Scott Haldane • British Navy employed him to investigate DCS • He is credited with the models of most computer algorithms and dive tables. 4 John Scott Haldane • British Navy employed him to investigate DCS • He is credited with the models of most computer algorithms and dive tables. • Based his findings on 7 concepts. 5 7 findings 1. N2 dissolves from air into tissue upon descent as pressure increases 6 7 findings 1. N2 dissolves from air into tissue upon descent as pressure increases 2. Our body continues to absorb until a state of saturation 7 7 findings 1. N2 dissolves from air into tissue upon descent as pressure increases 2. Our body continues to absorb until a state of saturation 3. Upon ascent N2 dissolves out of tissue into and exhaled 8 7 findings 1. N2 dissolves from air into tissue upon descent as pressure increases 2. Our body continues to absorb until a state of saturation 3. Upon ascent N2 dissolves out of tissue into and exhaled 4. The difference between dissolved N2 pressure and the surrounding pressure when ascending or descending is called the pressure gradient 9 7 findings 1. N2 dissolves from air into tissue upon descent as pressure increases 2. Our body continues to absorb until a state of saturation 3. Upon ascent N2 dissolves out of tissue into and exhaled 4. The difference between dissolved N2 pressure and the surrounding pressure when ascending or descending is called the pressure gradient 5.