25766 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS DR. MILTON K. CURRY: NEW PRESI­ moving to the point where they can support work on the part of several members of DENT OF THE UNITED NEGRO their colleges, churches and other community the Armed Forces during the Vietnam COLLEGE FUND activities." Which gets back to Dr. Curry's main con­ evacuation. I believe their outstand: ng tention about the need for the continued work deserves special recognition and existence of black colleges-that they pro­ would like to bring Mr. Bintliff's let ;er HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL vide an education that wouldn't otherwise be to the attention of my colleagues in OF NEW YORK available to large numbers of black students. Congress. "Our very existence provides a basis for in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DEAR CONGRESSMAN ARCHER: Thank you spiration to young people, and the fact that so much for your kind assistance for my Tuesday, July 29, 1975 more and more of our graduates are going Saigon project. Thanks to you and your to the best graduate schools in the country Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Milton staff, especially Mrs. M. L. Schwartzman, the means that we must be giving them some­ mission was an unqualified success. K. Curry has been named president of thing." I am compiling a report in the form of the United Negro College Fund. He takes The oldest of six brothers and one sister, excerpts from a diary I kept during the 30 office at a time when the economy and he was born in Magnolia, Ark., but the family days of April, 1975, and I will send you a reduced Federal assistance threaten the moved to McKinney, a small town 30 miles copy when it is completed. existence of a nuniber of predominantly north of Dallas when he was very young. It We followed the ongoing reports of the was to be the first of many such moves as black colleges in this country. As a pro­ his father, the Rev. Milton King Curry, Sr., evacuation program, and as a totally in­ fessional educator, Dr. Curry faces a a Baptist minister, was being called to other volved participant, I am concerned that challenge which, if unmet, will deny edu­ churches in larger communities. Meanwhile, the Armed Forces are not getting any where his mother, the former Lena Clabon Easter, near the credit deserved them for their ac­ cational opportunity to tens of thousands tivities. The way the services, all of them, of young men and women. His mission is taught English and math in the local black have conducted their operation is one of too important to fail. schools. He went to high school in Wichita Falls, the finest annals of our history. I should like I am pleased to include in the CoN­ Tex., and got his BA in mathematics at to specifically commend the following: GREssiONAL RECORD at this time a profile Morehouse College in Atlanta in 1932. "One M/Sgt. J.W. Smith, B.E.E.F., Clark AB, of Dr. Curry: of the things that the teachers at Morehouse APO SF 96286. instilled in us was that we were invincible­ M/Sgt. A.R. Farebrother, PSC No. 1, Box A CONTINUED NEED 3737, APO SF 96286. (By Sandra Satterwhite) there were no problems that couldn't be solved, no obstacles that couldn't be over­ M/Sgt. Donald Robinson, 3rd Supply With the ingrained drawl acquired in boy­ come.'' Squadron, Clark AB, APO SF 96286. hood moving from one small Texas town to It's a philosophy which Dr. Curry believes Captain Louis Williams, USN, Commander, another, Dr. Milton K. Curry says convinc­ the black Southern colleges pass on to their NAVASN Guam. ingly that he'd decided back in 1935 that students. "We encourage them to feel that James P. Brown, Office of the Secretary Texas was probably the best place in the they are somebody," he says in the words of of Defense, Washington, D.C. (Formerly), South for personal and professional growth­ the late Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Chief, Defense, Audit Office, RVN. "for blacks, whites, Chicanos. There's a cer­ While a student at Morehouse, he met Mar­ M/Sgt. Smith of Austin, Texas worked tain openness about the state; you had the jorie Alexander Stewart from Tuskeegee, Ala .. around the clock to provide emergency opportunity to provide leadership." whose father was the late Booker T. Wash­ shelter (tents) at Clark AB. His crew. "Prime At 55, he's contributed his share as an edu­ ington's personal business manager. She was Beef", worked at peak effort !or days on end cator and administrator of black public a student at neighboring Spelman College and a day was defined roughly as 20 hours schools and colleges in the state. As the re­ but "we didn't start 'keeping company' until on duty and 4 hours off. Furthermore, M/Sgt. cently elected president of the United Negro the last semester of my senior year." Smith, who had just returned from Saigon College Fund, which represents 41 mostly They were married in Tuskeegee in 1937 where he was second in command of the black, private and fully accredited four-year after both had acquired masters degrees from team that picked up the pieces of the tragic or graduate schools, he'll be flying back and Atlanta University-he in math, and she in C-5A "Babylift" plane, is the proud father forth from Dallas to New York and other history. (A daughter died shortly after child­ of a 16 year old daughter who a.s a volunteer parts of the country spearheading a fund­ birth and there've been no other children.) was matching him hour !or hour in her raising drive for member schools. Before he was asked to become the presi­ cheerful assistance for the refugees. It won't be too much di1ferent from what dent of Bishop in 1952, Dr. Curry had spent M/Sgts. Robinson and Farebrother, the he's always done as an active UNCF member, close to ten years preaching in a Baptist men-on-the-spot at Tent City, Clark AB, he says, and as a firm believer in the validity church in Wichita Falls (having taken di· were men to make all Americans proud. Each of the black Southern college. vinity courses at the University of Chicago) morning they turned out in spanking fresh For 23 years now, he's been the president and after breaking a promise to himself that uniforms, shoes glittering, conducting them­ of Bishop College and moved the black Bap­ he wouldn't follow his father into preach­ selves with pride, dignity and yet full of tist school from the small town of Marshall ing because it was so hard making a living. understanding. They were unfailingly cour­ in 1961 to Dallas, where, with a campus of "We're getting increased support from the teous and attentive to all of our problems, 26 buildings, on 387 acres, it is worth some black Baptist churches," he says about large or small, and seemed to be able to $20 million. money now coming to Bishop College. solve any predicament. They made me very Spreading his arms to indicate the wide, proud to be an American. green open · spaces now attracting many He and his wife live off-campus and he's active in Dallas community affairs, sitting Mr. Brown stepped in to the panic situa­ young urban blacks to campuses such as his tion caused by the Communists in Saigon in the South, he says that since his tenure on the advisory board of the Dallas Sym­ phony, for instance, and enjoying athletics and as one of the Senior Civilian Officers of began, enrollment at Bishop has increased the DOD proceeded to bring space age from 350 to 2085 students. in his spare time, almost all sports, "but I don't go for wrestling too much." processing to the pandemonium. Dr. Curry also takes credit for having Captain Louis Williams was the epitome brought in more than $50 million in gifts and grants and for having substantially in­ of Naval "cool". His men and officers also creased the number of faculty members with worked around the clock receiving the brunt doctorate degrees. of the first evacuees dumped on Guam and GIVING CREDIT WHERE CREDIT IS the way the Navy calmly proceeded to At UNCF's new modern offices at 500 E. 62d DUE st., Dr. Curry said the other day that the process, feed, house, clothe and "man the Fund's goal this year is to raise $14 million, broom" where needed was a classic study, "but I think we should be raising between a text book example, in how to do everything $25 million and $30 million, and in five years HON. BILL ARCHER right. "Well done" to Captain Williams and about $40 million. OF TEXAS all his men. In closing I wish to repeat my profound "We've been underfinanced for years," he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES said, articulating the most serious problem thanks to you and Mrs. Schwartzman for of the black colleges, which ~re sustained by Tuesday, July 29, 1975 your kind assistance. I should like to say corporate and foundation grants and alumni that in my own refugee program I did not contributions. Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, I w.as re­ use any U.S. Government funds. · An interesting trend is that more and more cently very pleased to receive a letter Thank you. alumni are contributing to their schools, he's from Mr. Bennett Bintliff of Houston, Yours very truly, found. "They're making more money and BENNE'T.T B. BINTLIFF. Tex., who outlined some very dedicated . . July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25767 CONGRESS BATTLES TO HOLD LINE pockets of the public into the Big 011 profit the Bicentennial. Southington, as the AGAINST HIGHER OIL PRICES reserves, already at levels aptly described as article which follows points out, is nearly "obscene." 200 years old itself, and consequently has WHILE ADMINISTRATION PUSHES However, Mr. Nessen added, the President FOR INCREASES has decided that another seven cents per gal­ a rich local history of its own. This proj­ lon (the lowest estimate) is a risk well worth ect, which is to be carried out by volun­ taking. tary efforts and contributions, could well HON. JOE L. EVINS The reason given for the President's desire serve as an example to thousands of other OF TENNESSEE to drastically increase the price of domestic such communities interested in keeping IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES oil was that the oil companies need to make alive their cultural heritages. bigger profits in order to encourage them The article follows: Tuesday, July 29, 1975 to produce more oil. At some point, however, MUSEUM MAY EMERGE FROM BICENTENNIAL Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, the American people are going to get tired of the Nashville Tennessean in a recent ar­ having their pockets picked in order to give SOUTHINGTON.-The town's gift to the na­ Big Oil more encouragement. tion on its 200th birthday hopefully will be ticle contrasts the efforts of Congress to If the companies are not encouraged by a new museum tracing more than two cen­ rollback and hold the line on oil prices the current absurdly high profits, and there turies of local history, the Bicentennial Com­ with the administration insistence on is no evidence that they have been, then mittee said Monday. higher and higher prices and decon­ there is good reason to assume they will After weeks of secrecy, committee Chair­ trolled domestic oil. never be interested in anything other than woman Gail Andrews said the committee The editorial urges Congress to stand bigger and bigger profits. As far as they are hopes to establish a museum in a room at concerned, the public interest be damned. the former public library, which has been fast against the administration-big oil given to the Historical Society. position and adds: Happily though, President Ford retains his smiling disposition. Last week, when he The success of the project hinges on money With the oil companies enjoying record greeted a tour group walking through the and manpower and Miss Andrews called on profits, it is not too much to ask that the White House, one young man said politely, residents to rally behind the bicentennial price of gasoline be stabillzed. "Bring down the price of gasoline, Mr. Pres­ and work on the project. ident." The museum would be in the Sylvia Brad­ Congress is attempting to protect the ley memorial room at the former library, American consumer from further un­ The President smiled good-naturedly and said, "We'll try." which would be renovated by the voluntary conscionable gasoline price increases A few days later he submitted his pro­ effor.ts of residents, according to Miss An­ while the administration insists on posal to skyrocket the price of domestic oil, drews. higher prices and decontrol. Clearly this and in doing so, made it perfectly clear once After the museum is completed, it would administration demonstrates a sym­ again that behind the public relations fa­ be maintained by the Historical Society, pathetic interest in the welfare of big cade of concern about stimulating produc­ which also hopes to establish a cultural tion, what President Ford and Big Oil are learning center in an adjacent room. oil. Miss Andrews predicted the museum will Because of the interest of my col­ actually saying to the American people is, "Unless you pay up, we're going to bring this be of special interest and educational value leagues and the American people in this because it will be the first available source I country to a screeching halt." most important matter, place the ecfi­ The Congress should not give in to his of facts on town history. torial in the RECORD herewith. threat. With the oil companies enjoying Southington was incorporated as a town The edit'>rial follows: record profits, it is not too much to ask in 1779 from part of Farmington. To date, How MUCH ENCOURAGEMENT DOES BIG OIL that the price of gasoline be stabllized. That no comprehensive history has been com·· piled. REQUIRE? is what the American people want and that is what the Congress voted to do. But that Hopefully the museum will be present and President Ford is apparently determined growing when the nation and the town cele­ to raise the price of gasoline as high as it is what the President and Big Oil have pre­ brate their 300th birthdays Miss Andrews is politically possible to so do. vented up until now. said. ' This week he vetoed a bill which would President Ford should make no mistake In addition to establishing the museum, have rolled back the price of "new" domestic about one thing: the American people are the committee has plans for celebrating the oil by approximately two dollars per barrel getting angry about gasoline prices. The bicentennial. and would have blocked his plan to decon­ young man on the White House tour spoke The committee is planning a weekend cele­ trol the price of "old" domestic oil. for millions and millions of people who can­ bration to include country fair type events, The congressional attempt to roll back not afford to give Big Oil more encourage­ contests and other festivities, Miss Andrews the price of "new" oil (that from wells ment. said. Although no firm date has been estab­ drilled since 1973) would have prevented The American people know what the oil lished, she said it may coincide with the dates higher gasoline prices, but in light of the companies' profits are, and they know where when Gen. Rochambeau and his troops Congress' apparent inability to override the those profits are coming from. Moreover, they passed through the Marion section of town President's vetoes, it would seem that this are tired of hearing a smiling President say in 1781. proposal is now dead. lamely. "We'll try," and then promptly do A pictorial display of town history in­ However, the President's attempt to raise whatever the oil companies want. eluding religious, industrial and educational the price of so-called "old" oil over a so­ But unfortunately, this President, like his life, is planned. Miss Andrews said if money month period has so far been thwarted by a predecessor by whom he was hand-picked, is is available, a book outlining the display simply majority vote. While Congressional far more concerned about what the Big Oil could be published. leaders attempt to work out a compromise executives want than what the average cit­ The committee would also like to publish bill which would extend the controls on the izen needs. As a result, the average c-itizen a map giving town history and the origins price of "old" oil, the President has threat­ may well conclude that what the nation of the named sections of town, certain street ened to veto any measure he does not like. needs more than anything else is an end to names and places of historical significance, Thus, if no compromise is reached, the the Nixon-Ford-Big Oil administration. she said. controls on old oil would end suddenly on While the rest of the country continues Miss Andrews said money is needed to get August 31 and the price of gasoline would go to suffer from the economic policies of the th_e whole celebration off the ground. Con­ up drastically in one big jump. President past seven years, there is little excuse for tributions can be mailed to her at 615 Meri­ Ford's own figures indicate decontrol would treating the oil companies with kid gloves den-Waterbury Turnpike. cost consumers an extra seven cents per and allowing them to wallow in their ex­ gallon. torted profits. Critics put the figure closer to 15 cents per gallon and the Congr~ssional Budget Of­ fice has warned that the combined effect of TRIBUTE TO AMBASSADOR decontrolling old oil and the expected price IDSTORICAL MUSEUM EGIDIO ORTONA increase by foreign producers this fall would be "a direct loss of purchasing power almost twice as great as the increase provided by HON. ANTHONY TOBY MOFFETT HON. JOHN H. DENT the recently enacted tax cut." OF CONNECTICUT OF PENNSYLVANIA If the President's plan were adopted it would be in character for Big Oil to select IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Labor Day weekend as the time for the Tuesday, July 29, 1975 Friday, July 25, 1975 next big increase. President Ford's spokesman, Mr. Ron Nes­ Mr. MOFFETT. Mr. Speaker, I rise to Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, in reviewing sen, said the President was aware that his commend the town of Southington, the biography of Ambassador Egidio veto might mean another enormous increase Conn., for its proposal to establish a Ortona of Italy, I was immediately in the amount of money flowing from the historical museum in commemoration of struck by a parallel, in the Ambassador's 257-68 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 career. with mine; namely. that we since Founding-Father times. The 23rd given the maximum $200, seven have began our respective lives in public serv­ Amendment to the Constitution in 1961 :fi­ contributed $100, and $52 has been ac­ ice in 1932, at a time when both of our nally enabled District residents to vote in presidential elections. Legislation in 1968 cepted in miscellaneous contributions. countries were in the midst of severe ·provided for an elected school board, and two The following account covers the oper­ economic crisis. years later Congress created the post of non­ ation of my constituent service fund Now. in the twilight of our careers. voting D.C. delegate to the House of Repre­ from January 1, 1975 to July 18, 1975: I am proud to be one of those whose sentatives. After several unsuccessful at­ RECEIPTS privilege it is to number Egidio Ortona tempts at local government home rule, the as friend. District this year got its first elected mayor Forty-one individuals at maximum $200 ------$8, 200 He has served his country well; in­ and city council since 1871. Seven individuals at $100______700 deed, he has served the United States Critics in the Senate fear a lessening of Miscellaneous contributions______52 well, too, for that is half of the duty their voting power as well as the potential for increased Democratic predominance in Total receipts ______8,952 of being a diplomat. Perhaps it is best that body if the measure passes. But such described as being the art of influencing purely political considerations must be laid EXPENDITURES people by winning friends. If that is so, aside, especially in light of recent moves to Printing expenses: supplies, labor, Egidio Ortona has done a world of in­ guarantee the rights of minority voters in and so forth, for newsletters and fluencing, because his friends are legion. many Southern states through extension of notices ------2, 398. 59 I know that the Ambassador will be the Voting Rights Act. Seventy percent of Staff reimbursements and ex- the D.C. population is black. penses ------49 .50 missed, not only for his hospitality. and District Mayor Walter Washington gave the Mobile office maintenance and op- his charm, but for his good humor and best argument for extending full representa­ eration------514.49 warmth as well. tion to the D.C. populace: "Residents of the Miscellaneous office expenses______122.39 The Italians are great travelers; Chris­ District have carried out their responsibilities Travel reimbursement to Ronald A. topher Columbus is evidence of that. As as citizens. They pay federal and local taxes, Sarasin, Member of Congress, be­ this is so, I would expect to see Egidio they fight and die in our country's wars, they tween Washington and Connecti- Ortona someday soon again in Washing­ live under laws enacted for them by Con­ cut ------579. 02 ton. Or perhaps in Italy, for I am Italian gress. . . . They are indeed entitled to theil' Public forum and town coordinator full rights, the rights enjoyed by all othe:r expenses ------85.99 too, you know. citizens of the nation." Post office box rentaL______33. 40 What better time than this bicentennial Fifth District Club contributors year to grant full citizenship to the las-t functions ------179.61 colony? VOTING REPRESENTATION FOR Total expenditures ______3, 962. 89 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CONSTITUENT SERVICE FUND July 18, 1975 balance______4, 989. 11 HON. GILBERT GUDE OF MARYLAND HON. RONALD A. SARASIN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF CONNECTICUT GILMAN SEEKS TO CONTROL GRAIN Tuesday, July 29, 1975 IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES EXPORTS Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, the Subcom­ Tuesday, July 29, 1975 mittee on Civil Rights and Constitutional Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, in Janu­ HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN Rights of the House Judiciary Commit­ ary of 1974, I entered in the CONGRES­ OF NEW YORK tee is presently conducting hearings on SIONAL RECORD a lengthy discussion Of my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES legislation to provide the District of intention to establish a constituent serv­ Columbia with voting representation in ice fund to help underwrite the costs of Tuesday, July 29, 1975 the House and Senate. Such representa­ providing my Fifth District of Connecti­ Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, today I am tion is long overdue to the three-quarters cut constituency with the kind of com­ introducing a bill to amend the Export of a million residents of Washington. munications and services which I feel Administration Act of 1969 to require re­ Passage of a constitutional amendment they deserve. view by the Secretary of Commerce and granting District of Columbia as many I also feel strongly that they have a the Congress of certain grain export con­ House Members as it would be entitled to right to a full disclosure of this fund and tracts. if it were a State and two Senators would how it is used. Prior to the establishment The main purpose of the legislation is be a particularly fitting action for this of the fund, I requested and obtained a to provide congressional oversight for Bicentennial Congress. I urge my col­ complete and detailed opinion from the our export policies and to avoid any leagues to join in cosponsoring this im­ Internal Revenue Service covering every future manipulations of our grain ex­ portant measure. aspect of the proposed fund raising and port markets in such a manner that In this regard, I call the attention of expenditures. I wanted to make sure that would have an adverse effect on our the House to a recent editorial in the the fund met every legal and ethical domestic supply and economy. Christian Science Monitor which excel­ requirement. This call for prior approval of large lently states t.he case for full voting rep­ The ms opinion was entered in the grain sales contracts will give Congress resentation for District of Columbia. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and made public an effective voice in assessing the impact The a1·ticle follows: along with my intention to proceed with of such sales on our national needs. [From the Christian Science Monitor, the fund. I have since then entered peri­ Under this proposal, all single sales con­ June 20, 1975] odic reports in the RECORD giving a com­ tracts of 500,000 metric tons or more and D.C.-LAST COLONY IN AMERICA plete accounting of the operation of the the cumulative sales of 5,000,000 metric There remains a vestigial colony, of sorts, fund for my colleagues and the general tons in a single market year would re­ within U.S. borders. This is the District of public. quire the approval of the Secretary of Columbia, where 740,000 Americans live next to to the seat of federal government, but never I have found the fund be of tre­ Commerce and a 20-day congressional re­ have had voting representation in the House mendous value in enabling me to carry view period with the right of disapproval. or Senate. out the kind of constituent communica­ Some of the past policies of the De­ Being argued now before a House Judici­ tion and service program I believe the partment of Agriculture in allowing mas­ ary subcommittee are proposed amendments residents of my district deserve and I sive grain sales by several large grain to the Constitution which would give D.C. want to extend my sincere gratitude to exporting corporations have resulted in two senators and two representatives. Such the many individuals who have contrib­ actions that have hurt both the farmer measures have failed in the past, but with uted to make this program possible. today's need for increased citizen participa­ and the consumer. By establishing this tion and openness in government, the rea­ Contributions to the fund are accepted monitoring and approval authority in sons for passage seem clearer. only from individuals and are limited to _the Department of Commerce, this bill The District of Columbia, which has a a maximum of $200 annually. This year, will avoid any possible claims of a conflict larger population than 10 states, has been a 52 people have contributed a total of $8,- of interest. protectorate of the federal bureaucracy 952 to the fund. Forty-one of these have In addition, the extension of the exist- July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25769 not resolve this problem unless we give fund." Unfortunately, the law did not ban ing policy provisions under this act to flip-top cans or throwaways. The legislature the sale of raw forms of wheat, corn. in to, what I can only term, their black­ and the public innocently assumed that in­ barley, oats, rye, grain sorghums, soy­ ·mail. dustry would comply with the intent of the beans, and soybean meal will make it pos­ - The inhumanity of this attitude is in­ law and market their products in refillable sible to develop a comprehensive export tolerable when one considers what agon­ bottles. Only the soda industry moved slowly administration. The Secretary of Com­ ies the families of those 1,300 missing into refillables. merce, after consultation with the Secre­ men must be undergoing. It is tragic, of The major beer companies, particularly tary of Agriculture, can determine that course, to hear of the death of a loved Budweiser and Schlitz, which control the one, but it is much worse to have to market in Vermont, refused-and to this certain export volumes that are lower day refuse-to supply their premium beer in than those specifically restricted under suffer the uncertainty of not knowing 12-ounce six-packs of refillables. They say this act are in fact significant enough to whether one's husband, father, and/or the public doesn't want reflllables. Thus, for be channeled through the approval proc­ son is alive or dead. the first 18 months of the law, consumers ess. The Secretary could determine that It is high time that the North Viet­ and grocers were burdened with the worst of certain volumes contribute to an increase namese live up to their word and we two systems. Consumers had to pay handling in domestic prices or domestic shortages should make it quite clear to these people costs and deposits on throwaway bottles and and that such price increases or short­ that we will not even consider entering cans and were denied the savings of refillable bottles. Mlllions of throwaways were re­ ages will have a serious adverse impact into any discussion of aid or trade until such time that they will have given a deemed at the stores only to be t1·ucked to on the economy. the dump. Grocers had to handle and sort Admittedy, our grain exports play an full account of our missing men. more than 75 varieties of brands and sizes ever-increasing role in providing help of beer alone-all of which ended up in the with our Nation's balance oi trade and dump. providing economic benefits at all levels Brewers and distributors clearly manipu­ of our domestic economy. But these facts THE VERMONT STORY lated the marketplace by withholding re­ are only true to the extent that these ex­ fillables and raising prices. Vermont's gov­ ernor, Thomas Salmon, was prompted to say, ports are undertaken responsibly and HON. JAMES M. JEFFORDS "It's quite clear to me that the distributors with full knowledge of their possible im­ OF VERMONT have decided to price their beer high to cre­ pact on our domestic economy. We must ate public anger and an outcry for repeal not repeat the disastrous transactions in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the law." These tactics became a public volving 19 million tons of grain in 1972 Tuesday, July 29, 1975 relations disaster for opponents of the bottle law. Hoping to repeal the law by feed­ which lead to dwindling domestic sup­ Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Speaker, the issue plies and to a new round of rising prices. ing the economic fears of Vermonters caught of beverage container deposit legislation in a combined recession and inflation, the Mr. Speaker, I invite all of my col· continues to evoke controversy in State brewers and distributors instead created hos­ leagues to join with me in support of this legislatures throughout the Nation. Many tility. The press and public viewed them as legislation. Americans, including myself, feel such a out-of-state agitators trying to hamstring a measure should be adopted at the Fed­ popular law. eral level. In 1974 there were efforts to pass Oregon's ban on flip-top cans and its preferential lower Peter Franchot, assistant director of OUR MISSING MEN deposit on refillables. The amendments the Vermont Public Interest Research passed the Vermont House but lost at the Group, has written an excellent article 11th hour in the Senate. on Vermont's experience with this type During the summer of 1974 the state high­ HON. JERRY LITTON of legislation, published in the July 19 way department published results of a litter OF :MISSOURI issue of Environmental Action magazine. survey indicating a sharp reduction in road­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I believe many of my colleagues may side litter. Simultaneously brewers and gro­ benefit from the insight expressed in this cers rallied by taking advantage of a dip in Tuesday, July 29, 1975 beer tax revenues to feed the fears of Ver­ article, so I include it at this time: Mr. LITTON. Mr. Speaker, it is with monters caught in a nationwide recession­ THE VERMONT STORY the utmost concern and urgency that I inflation. They hoped the law would be (By Peter Franchot) caught in an environmental "backlash" and bring to the attention of my colleagues repealed during the 1975 session. Congress and the people of America When I think of bottles, I think of lobby­ m ists. Anyone who has worked to get a bottle There were two basic proposals in the 197 5 the matter of our MIA's in Southeast bill through a state legislature or a city coun· session. One was a much celebrated "solid Asia. cll has had to wonder how so many lobbyists waste management" bill. The blll went no­ It has now been 2 ¥2 years since the r.an pop up to oppose a bill that simply where and in fact lost many of its sponsors Paris agreement on ending the war and proposes to reduce waste. Despite their rela­ when they learned it would have repealed the restoring peace in Vietnam was signed by tive success this year, I have a prediction bottle law. The second bill, which eventually all parties involved and the North Viet­ for the industries which do such intense, ex­ passed, amended the 1973 law by banning namese have yet to inform us on the fates pensive, and persistent lobbying against bot­ flip-top cans and throwaway glass bottles after January 1, 1976, later changed to Janu­ of the 1,300 or so persons still missing as tle bills around the country: their technical and legal experts are fighting a losing battle. ary 1, 1977 in the Senate. a result of that conflict. In ten years bottle laws will be working in The bill survived a treacherous parliamen­ Article 8, section b, of the January 27, a majority of the states. The public is be­ tary voyage through committees. Industry 1973, Accords specifically stated that- ginning to understand that the "con­ lobbyists paraded before the House Natural The parties shall help each other to get venience" of overpackaging is really cheating Resources Committee and argued that the information about those military personnel them out of dollars and littering the land. bottle law was an "economic disaster" for and foreign civilians of the parties missing in The public is fed up with the legislative Vermont and that H. 228 would make it action, to determine the location and take process being controlled by special interest worse. They said the law did not reduce litter care of the graves of the dead so as to lobbyists. The beer and soda interests are and that reflllables were not cheaper to the facilitate the exhumation and repatriations learning that an informed public will not consumer. of the remains, and to take any such other tolerate such conscious waste as throwaway The committee remained unconvinced and measures as may be required to get informa­ bottles and cans. And they are learning that voted the bill out favorably. An unsympa­ tion about those stlll considered missing in the public will not subsidize a private policy thetic Speaker of the House then routed the action. of waste by publicly financing recycling op­ bill to a supposed graveyard, the House Ways erations. and Means Committee. The same industry To our repeated requests for action, Many of you know that Vermont achieved lobbyists repeated their arguments there for the North Vietnamese have always given a significant victory in 1975 with passage of two solid days of testimony-producing a one excuse or another. In response to as strengthening amendments to a 1973 bottle $12,000 "economic analysis" of the bottle yet another recent letter from several bill. When the original Vermont law went law done by a University of Vermont profes­ of my colleagues, the North Vietnamese into effect in September 1973, it became ap­ sor which has proved an embarrassment even have now linked the issue of our missing parent that something was awry. The orig­ to opponents of the bottle law. inal law required a minimum five-cent de­ Thinking that the bill had been talked to Americans to demands for contribution posit on the 180 million soda and beer con­ death since adjournment was near, the com­ of aid for the post-war reconstruction tainers sold in this rural state. The law man­ mittee chairman allowed the bill to be voted of both North and South Vietnam. In dated that all the bottles and cans be clearly out favorably seven to four. On the 11oor of short, they are indicating that they will marked with a label-"Vermont 5 cents Re- the House, an overwhelming vote in favor OXXI--1623-Part 20 25770 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 of the bill sent it to the Senate. Opponents other said on the floor: "The law is here to ing that only the handful of people in the of the law were visibly shocked by the size of stay and refillables should be forced to make galleries know what they really said, they the vote-110 to 31-and legislative observers the law workable." could only explain it by saying it reflected are content to make a garbled statement so Several brewers actually broke ranks and long as they later make the Record precise. widespread public support for the law among offered their product in reflllables-at con­ "Mter you fix your senator's mistakes," says Vermonters. siderable savings to the consumer. Carling one aide, "you may have to call the staff of Industry lobbyists, reinforced by new ar­ Black Label led the dissident beer companies the other senator and say, 'How about chang­ rivals from various associations in Washing­ and was rewarded with a 15 percent jump ing your guy to saying something else so ton, concentrated on the Senate Natural in sales during the first six months of 1974. my guy will make sense?' You're not sup­ Resources Committee. The same economic Labatt of Canada and Schaeffer have fol­ posed to change the contents of the Record, st atistics and negative analyses were pre­ lowed as did several others. but we do." The benefit of revision can lead sented through five days of testimony. The Significantly, the law and its strengthen­ to sloppy habits. One congressman com­ committee voted 6-0 in favor of the bill. ing amendments received solid editorial sup­ plained that something he had said in an Then the bill ra-n into its most formidable port from Vermont newspapers. Headlines interview with the Nader Congress Project obstacle in the last week of the session-the from the last two years indicate the tenacity was used (accurately) in his profile; "I'm Senate Finance Committe. The Finance Com­ with which the press followed the issue: used to amending my remarks," he lamented. mittee voted four to two to hold the bill "Lobbyist's $100,000 offer on bottle bill re­ But even worse, changes in content can mean over the summer and do an economic study. vealed" ... "Beer buys legislative hockey changes in the law, since courts trying to Industry lobbyists started to disperse. Then trip" . . . "Deposit law talked to death by determine "legislative intent" may turn to for the first time in recent history a bill was lobbyists" . . . . t he congressional debate to see what Con­ removed from a committee's jurisdiction by Adding grist to the wheel, the law sur­ gre.ss had in mind. vote of the Senate. After hours of bitter de­ vived a court case brought in April 1974 by bate, the motion "to relieve" passed With a seven retail grocers who alleged that bottle 17-13 vote. Legislative observers were flab­ legislation caused severe economic damage. bergasted. Later that day the effective date The court ruled that "evidence is insUffi­ CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP AIDS was moved up one year to January 1, 1977 cient to show severe and substantial loss di­ FOREST FIRE CONTROLS and the bill passed 29 to one. The governor rectly attributable- to the mandatory provi­ signed the bill on April 30, 1975: Vermont sion of ·i;he minimum deposit law. joined Oregon in having the nation's strong­ Organlzed labo:r in Vermont supported HON. SHIRLEY N. PETTIS est bottle laws. the bottle law. Nat.ionally, labor and big bus­ OF CALIFORNIA It is important to review the support which iness have joined hands to defeat bottle resulted in the 1975 Legislative victory. Why legislation by arguing that 65,000 jobs are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES did H. 228 pass in Vermont and similar bot­ at stake. In Vermont we have gained jobs Tuesday, July 29, 1975 tle b1lls get nixed in other state legislatures? from the bottle law because we have no glass First, litter is an emotional issue in Ver­ or can manufacturers. Even so, labor offi­ Mrs. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, I would like mont. Throwaways really were everywhere cials strongly opposed the bottle law until to take this time to publicly recognize and it irritated everybody. Farmers were tired a vote by the rank and file forced them to the fine leadership which the chairman of picking bottles out of their fields and support it. of the Interior Appropriations Subcom­ the tourist industry recognized the economic Labor, the press, a determined public, and disadvantages of unsightly litter. Comparing mittee, the Honorable SIDNEY R. YATES, the validity of the bottle law itself com­ provided in meeting a serious problem three months count before the law to the bined for Vermont's 1975 victory. Victories same three months after the law a Vermont in other states will follow. we in southern California have. Dept. of Highways' report on 177 miles of In H.R. 8773, Department of Interior road found a 76 percent reduction in bottles and Related Agencies Appropriations bill, and cans. Additionally, only 25 percent of the 1976, funds are provided for the fuel 6082 cans and bottles were Vermont five­ in cent refunds--the rest had been brought in AN ACCURATE CONGRESSIONAL modification programs southern Cal­ by out-of-state tourists. Barrels of all Utter RECORD ifornia forests. The money will be used declined 33 percent. The state's litter bill de­ by the U.S. Forest Service. clined more than $40,000 with undetermined Last year a devastating forest fire additional savings to the local municipalities. HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER swept through a segment of the San The state report was a devastating reply OF WISCONSIN Bernardino National Forest. More than to the industry's claims that the law was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 16,000 acres of valuable watershed tim­ not "effective" in reducing litter. ber and brush were destroyed. Fortunate­ Second, the major argument by oppo­ Tuesday, July 29, 1975 ly, there wa,s no loss of life. In 1971, a nents of the bottle law-that it adversely affected beer sales and state tax revenues­ Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. fire in the same area burned 3,000 acres. fell apart. While brewers tried to blame the Speaker, for the benefit of our colleagues Every year we have a forest fire some­ bottle law for a dip in beer tax revenues, the considering House Resolutions 568, 569, where in southern California. Tax Commissioner of Vermont released a 570, 581, and 630 mandating a more ver­ To my mind, Mr. Speaker, the most letter indicating that the dip in malt bev­ batim account of floor proceedings in the logical course of action for the U.S. For­ erage excise tax revenue folloWing the law CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I am introducing est Service to have taken to enable it to coincided with dips in other state taxes: into the RECORD pertinent items which more quickly control forest fires would cigarettes, hard liquor, gasoline, and so on. have been written on this issue. have been to expand the fuel manage­ He attributed only a small part of the de­ cline to transition to a deposit system. In 1972, the Ralph Nader Congress ment programs it had planned. The For­ Despite misleading claims from the U.S. project issued its first publication, "Who est Service has proposed a fine fuel break Brewers Association and the Vermont Re­ Runs Congress," written by Mark Green, program for the San Bernardino Na­ tail Grocers Association, the law's alleged James Fallows, and David Zwick. tional Forest which will eventually be 95 economic effects did not convince the public The authors, encouraging readers to miles long, but to date, only 11 miles have or their legislators. In fact the law enjoys learn more about Congress, assert that been constructed. great public support in Vermont. Thousands the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD is the most I was amazed to learn that no money of Vermonters wrote their legislators to sup­ useful source of congressional activity. for fuel management programs in south­ port H. 228. During the bleakest days of the ern California forests in fiscal year 1976 law in t he winter of 1974, a poll of 7000 They also say that the practice of editing Vermonters found only 31 percent in favor or deleting remarks which change the was requested by the Forest Service. For­ of repealing it. That percentage has substan­ content of the debate can mean changes tunately, under the leadership of Chair­ tially declined as the state recovers from the in the law when interpreted by the courts. man YATES, the seriousness of the forest disastrous tourist season of 1974. Environ­ A portion of these comments follows: fire control problem we have was recog­ mental coalitions and consumer groups Even the parts of t he Record which appear nized and now Congress, by passing H.R. joined the Vermont Farm Bureau, the League t o be chronicles of the day's debate are far 8773, has taken the lead in establishing of Women Voters, the Vermont Labor Coun­ from accurate. Under a ritual known as Privi­ the Federal Government's priority for cil, and the League of Cities and Towns to lege to Revise and Extend, members are able providing better means to prevent the support the bill. to edit their remarks into coherence-or de­ spread of a forest fire when it becomes To the consternation of the Vermont Re­ lete them-before they are committed to t ail Grocers Association, all four grocers print. Without this review, said one con­ uncontrolled. All of us who live in south­ in the Vermont House of Representatives gressman, the Record "would be really sad ern California welcome the work of the strongly supported H. 228. One said, "We reading the next day-the best comic book Interior Appropriations Subcommittee h ave got to have the guts to stand up to you ever saw." What this says about the and hope the Forest Service will follow t hose big beer companies and say they've got caliber of actual :floor debate does not seem the subcommittee's lead in support of this to sell t heir beer in refillable bottles." An- to sink into t he congressmen. Instead, know- vital effort. July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25771 FORT DIX AND ONE STATION taxpayers pay $1.48. In contrast, Georgia gets so many of our own people are begging for $1 back for every 79 cents in federal taxes jobs.'' UNIT TRAINING and Alabama $1 for each 66 cents. Considine stated that government statis­ With one of the highest unemployment tics show that illegal aliens don't just occupy rates in the nation, New Jersey stands to the low paying, unwanted jobs. HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE lose 3,000 jobs from this transfer of opera­ "Quite to the contrary," he said. "Illegal OF NEW JERSEY tions from Fort Dix. The decision comes aliens hold jobs throughout our entire IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES close to the military biting a hand that feeds employment stream. it. "It is estimated that more than one Tuesday, July 29, 1975 Army planners would be hard put to devise million illegal aliens are in New York; more Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, the a more hostile act and at a worse time. than half a million in Chicago," Considine Army has requested appropriations to continued. "You can be sure that the people implement one station unit training for employed in these areas aren't harvesting basic and advanced training courses. In crops." ILLEGAL ALIENS According to the Immigration Service, more order to put this plan into effect, the than two and one-half mtllion illegal aliens Army has proposed that basic training come into the United States each year. They units stationed at Fort Dix, N.J., be HON. PAUL G. ROGERS arrive from nearly every country in the moved to Fort McClellan, Ala., and Fort OF FLORIDA world. Benning, Ga. As unemployment in Europe continues to By making this move, the Army will be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grow, the number of illegal aliens migrating removing its only basic training base in Tuesday, July 29, 1975 to this country is expected to rise. According to General Chapman, the surest the Northeast United States, which could Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, in a short way of shutting them out is to turn off the have detrimental effects on Army re­ time the Congress is expected to act on magnet that attracts them here ... jobs. cruiting efforts, and thus the All-Volun­ legislation aimed at deterring the mass "This is what we are trying to encourage teer Army. Fort Dix is also strategically influx of illegal aliens into the United major corporations to do," General Chapman located near major highway, rail, mili­ States. It is apparent that these aliens­ said. "This is why National Can's public tary, and civil airport facilities and is, estimated at over 2% million per year by policy and leadership role in this vital issue is therefore, a vital link in our defense net­ so important to our solution to the illegal the Immigration Service-are having a alien problem." work. marked effect on the U.S. economy, to the Removal of these training units from National Can is listing on all of its em­ detriment of the American people. ployment forms, both temporary and Fort Dix will also leave New Jersey, which In addressing this issue, it is important permanent, salaried and hourly, the ques­ is already staggering under 12 percent to remember that present law does not tion: "Do you have the legal right to be in unemployment, with the prospect of los­ penalize employers who hire illegal this country?" ing as many as 3,000 more jobs. aliens. Thus, attracted by jobs, these It is posting signs in each of its plants, The editorial below. from the July 5, informing workers of the company's policy aliens enter the United States. on the employment of illegal aliens. It is 1975, Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, ac­ One company, the National Can Corp., curately reflects my concerns about this informing each of lts employees that it is matter and those of many area resi­ has instituted a new policy to insure cooperating fully with the U.S. Immigration dents. I urge my colleagues to read this against the hiring of illegal aliens. Appli­ Service and that plants will be open for cations now question a proposed employ­ regular immigration inspection. editorial with care and to closely ex­ "This puts the illegal alien on notice that amine the arguments presented: ees' legal status. Signs stating the com­ pany policy have been posted. By dis­ National Can is one company to avoid," [From the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, General Chapman said. July 5, 1975] couraging aliens, America's business sec­ "If more corporations would adopt this HOSTILE FORT DIX MOVE tor can act voluntarily to stem the rising policy it would eventually transmit to the tide of illegal aliens entering the United The Pentagon's vision is woefully impaired illegal alien that there are no jobs for them if it persiSts with plans to move military States. here. It would discourage them from coming training from Fort Dix to two southern I commend this action and respect­ to America on an illegal basis." states. If the Army didn't have such a facllity fully request that the following state­ The General said that illegal aliens who in the Northeast now, it should be putting ment issued by the National Can Corp., were employed at company plants posting one here. be included at this time: this information would most likely leave. In the era of the volunteer Army, defense "They know that sooner or later with our NATIONAL CAN ENACTS MEASURES To INSURE regular inspections that they would be planners have come up with the one unit AGAINST HIRING ILLEGAL ALIENs--HEADS concept that has basic and advanced train­ detected," he said. DRIVE To RECRUrr OrHER BUSINESS To Do Considine stated that this is of course ing in one place. The aim is to lessen costs THE SAME over the long run. National can•s goal ... to open up more jobs Costs are important. But as with the fun­ CHICAGO, ILL., April 11.-With unemploy­ for legal residents. damental decision to go with the more ex­ ment at an all-time high since the depression, "If we can do something to help ease the pensive volunteer Army, costs are not the National Can Corporation announced today unemployment problem in the U.S.," Con­ sole basis for sound judgment. In this case that it is enacting measures to insure against sidine said, "then we feel that we will have the Army is withdrawing training from the the hiring of illegal aliens. truly accomplished something. Northeast where a healthy percentage of re­ According to the United States Immigra­ "Our goal is to put the U.S. worker back to cruits are drawn. tion Service, it is the first major U.S. corpora­ work, as quickly as possible. We feel that this For the Army to pull out of Fort Dix where tion to publicly adopt such a policy. program with the U.S. Immigration Service some $80 million in construction has taken Frank W. Considine, president and chief is an important step in the right direction." place in the recent past is economically un­ executive officer of National Can, in making National Can Corporation has 62 plants sound. New facilities at Fort Benning, Ga., the announcement at the corporation's an­ across the U.S. It employs over 14,000 people. and Fort McClennan, Ala., would cost about nual meeting in Chicago, said that in addi­ In addition to its U.S. plants, the company $224 million. tion to its own policy, National Can would has 12 plants overseas. Its 1974 annual sales The military seems to be developing a spearhead a drive in cooperation with the were $710 million. penchant for locating facilities in states U.S. Immigration Service to get other com­ whose congressional delegations show suit­ panies to adopt similar measures. Considine able openhanded appreciation, since climate personally will head up the drive. is not as decisive a factor in the modem General Leonard F. Chapman, commis­ Army. The Army's bills, however, are paid by sioner of the U.S. Immigration Service, said PARAMOUNT JAYCEE OF THE YEAR all voters, not just southern ones. that a concerted effort by all of business not BOB SCHREMP The proposed withdrawal of the only in­ to employ illegal aliens would help to open fantry training center in the Northeast up more than one million jobs for unem­ comes poorly timed at the start of the Bi­ ployed U.S. workers within a. matter of HON. CHARLES H. WILSON centennial celebration. Could the move be, months; it could make available over a period OF CALIFORNIA along with plans to close the Frankford Ar­ of three or four years an additional two mil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES senal, this area's reward for a long-standing lion or more jobs. tradition of dedication to the nation's "The time when our nation could absorb Tuesday, July 29, 1975 defense? the world's unemployment is long past," Con­ Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON of Cali· There's one last irony. Only two other sidine said in making his announcement. states get back from the Federal Government "I don't see how we can any longer justify fornia. Mr. Speaker, Paramount, Calif., is as few tax dollars as does New Jersey. For taking lightly the hiring o:r people who enter indeed fortunate to have Bob Schremp every $1 returned to the state, New Jersey the country illegally, violating our laws, when in its corner. For Bob, the chartering 25772 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 president of the Paramount Jaycees and and costs of production have forced our damage .to -the vital national security inter­ administrative aide to the president of farmers and rural community residents ests of the United States." the California Jaycees,· is a dynamic 33- to help themselves in evety way possible The :debate in the House which led to this year-old whose achieve,ents are legion. to become self-sumcient and efficient. result was, in our view; anything but se­ This year alone he was named as one Canning food is a vital part of that rious. To the extent that it involved foreign .of America's Outstanding Young Men, policy issues at all, it was simply an exten­ self-help story. Lids are a vital part.of sion of the contlict that divides our Greek Outstanding Member of the Executive canning and the shortage presently sti­ and Turkish allies over the issue of Cyprus, Committee for the California Jaycees, fling effort is causing a hardship. As without contributing anything to its event­ and Outstanding State Chairman for the every homemaker knows, the peak of the ual solution. Rejection of the administration California Jaycees. Also, his home local canning season is fast approaching and proposal for· a partial lifting of the arms ban of Paramount named him Jaycee of the it will hurt if perishable food is not care­ was certain to poison Turkish-American re­ Year 1974-75 and presented him with fully laid away to prevent winter-like lations and lead to a dismantling of bases the Distinguished Service Award for the proverbial grasshopper-from knock­ which is in the interests of neither nation. or 1974. of NATO as a whole. It wm do nothing to ing on the door with its hand out asking improve our relations with the government Because of his keen interest in young for undeservedly high prices. in Athens as long as Turkish forces remain people, Bob has received numerous cita­ Mr. Speaker, it is an important prob­ in Cyprus. And if the reaction in Ankara is tions for his youth work. For the past 6 lem. I am not convinced that the manu­ any indication, that wlll be a very long time years he has been a chief organizer of facturers have adequately foreseen the indeed. the Special Olympics in southeast Los problem, nor dealt with it, and I ask you For all the rhetoric about upholding the Angeles and was commended by the for any assistance you can give these rule of law and the "fundamental principles Washington, D.C., Special Olympics as people. Thank you. of American foreign policy," the House de­ ·an Outstanding Young Man of America. bate reeked of the domestic political sensi­ bilities of the members. It was an unthink­ A' self-made and self-employed man, ing reaction to charges that the American Bob is never too busy to take· on another Congress was being subjected to "blackmail" worthy project. Community service is his THE DAMAGE HAS BEEN DONE over the matter of the bases. It was, perhaps avocation. Beloved by his friends and his above all, a ham-handed assertion of con­ fraternal associates, Bob was recently gressional p1·erogative in the area of foreign appointed by Mayor Ted Mosier to serve HON. WILLIAMS. BROOMFIELD affairs, refiecting a general hostility to the on the Bicentennial Commission for the OF MICHIGAN executive branch, and particularly to Sec­ retary of State Kissinger's oft-repeated ob­ city of Paramount. With Bob's innova­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES jections to congressional intrusion into his tive ideas and his ability to carry the Tuesday, July 29, 1975 domain. ball, I know Paramount's Bicentenntial We do not in any way condone the per­ celebrations will be special. Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. clpeaker, I am formance of the Turkish army on Cyprus in Bob Schremp is selfless in his efforts sure that many Members of the House the past year. To condemn its intervention to make his community a better place to are well aware of the adverse editorial .as "aggression," however, is to blink at the live and to work, and I am proud of his reaction to recent congressional initia­ f.acts: The Turkish invasion was the result tives in the field of f.oreign affairs, most of a military coup d'etat against the legal · many contributions to the betterment of government in Cyprus, inspired by the ruling · our civic life. notably our decision last week to pro­ military junta in Athens, backed by Greek long the arms embargo to Turkey. arms and aimed at the political unification Many Americans are dismayed, but of Cyprus to mainland Greece. As a guaran­ hardly surprised, at the results of con­ tor of Cyprus' independence under the CONGRESSMAN BALDUS ON CAN­ gressional diplomacy. Zurich agreement of 1960. Turkey had a legal NING LID SHORTAGE There is no indication whatsoever and moral right to intervene. The immediate that our vote last week has, or will, result was not only to restore the legal gov­ serve the cause of peace on Cyprus, re­ ernment of Archbishop Makarios in Nico­ HON. ALVIN BALDUS sia, but also to restore democracy in Greece. lieve the human suffering on that is- Since then, the problem has been one of oF wiScoNsiN land, or improve our relations with im- finding a political solution on Cyprus that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES portant allies. What is clear, however, is will allow most, if not all, of the 180,000 Tuesday, July 29, 1975 that our security installati-ons in Tur­ Greek refugees to return to their former key which, by the testimony of the Dl- homes, ·to provide adequate safeguards for Mr. BALDUS. Mr. Speaker, I would rector of the Central Intelligence the Turkish minority on the island and to like to bring to the House's attention the Agency are important to our national bring about the withdrawal of the invading Turkish forces. These are not easy things to serious problem that people in the Third security, have been shut down. Turk­ achieve under the best of circumstances. In District of Wisconsin are having in ob- ish-American relations are at their low­ the atmosphere of bitter hostility to which taining canning lids. The story is the est ebb in a generation. Congress has the Congress has largely contributed, they same everywhere; there is an adequate scored a bl.ow against the administra­ may well be impossible. supply of canning jars, but no lids to be tion, we may have upheld the "rule of found. · law" at least as it pertains to Turkey [From the Detroit News, July 28, 1975] Canning lid shortages will probably and the United States, but I think it is have trouble establishing priority in a questionable indeed whether we have HOUSE ENDANGERS SEcURITY The decision of the House of Representa­ · Congt·ess faced with energy shortages, served the national interests of this tives to maintain the arms embargo against job shortages, housing shortages, and in- country. Turkey is said to be a major defeat for Presi­ fiation. So allow me to simply describe - I would like to include in the REc­ dent Ford, who campaigned for an end to what is at stake here for the average - oRD editorials from the Detroit News the embargo. It is more than that. It is a family of the Third District. and the Washington Star-News which, · blow to the security of the United States. Canning is not new to the mothers and . to my mind, accurately reflect the im­ There is no denying the seriousness of the daughters of an agt·icultural area like plications of our decision last week: issue which brought each congressman to an western Wisconsin. Lately, however, it agonizing, personal decision. Also, each was [From the Washington-Star News, July 27, subjected to the extraordinary pressure of a has assumed importance beyond that of 1975] strong Greek ethnic lobby. a more timeworn tradition. It is a valu­ THE DAMAGE HAs BEEN DoNE On the one hand, the administlration able self-help tool utilized by lower in­ We still don't know the full extent of the argued that unless arms supply was restored come, farmpeople to offset the crippling destruction. The word from Ankara so far to Turkey, American bases in that country effects of infiation. is only that Turkey's bilateral defense trea­ are likely to be closed by an angry Turkish Dairy farming is the most fuel inten­ ties with the United States are "no longer government. (Turkey already has announced. sive form of agriculture in operation to­ valid," that activities on 20 American bases in it is taking control of all twenty U.S. bases day: The .average dairy farm uses _four Turkey are to be halted forthwith and that in. the country.r On the other hand, opponents of arms times the electricity it did 20 years ago, the Turkish armed forces will assume con­ trol of .the installations from now on. Yet this aid took the position that Turkey ought to be nitrogen-based fertilizer costs have dou- in itself is quite enough to justify the judg­ spanked for violating her agreement w~th . bled, and nearly an eighth of this coun­ ment of President Ford that the refusal of this country by using American weapons try's fuel is burned in our Nation's agri­ the House to lift the aJ."mS embargo on Turkey during_~he invasion of Cyprus. Som& went cultural effort. Skyrocketing fuel costs will "do the most serious and irreparable further insisting it is essential that countries July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25773 which engage in aggression with American rural areas are being bypassed by many pro­ patients fill the lobby-sitting in chairs weapons be called to account. grams designed for them. where they are tied, with urine underneath Strategic pragmatists have a different, We work on a county level with the "Three them. Why do so many older Americans have and disturbing, view of the problem. Three Score or More, Inc. Senior Citizens of Pulaski to spend their last days in such an environ­ of the U.S. bases in Turkey are of critical County." We sponsor the two nutrition pro­ ment? Why can't they have some comfort importance. At Diyarbakir, a long-range grams in our county-smiles I at Mounds, and happiness? radar system keeps surveillance over Soviet lllinois, and Smiles II, at Ullin. We would like to see federal programs for missile sites inside Russia. It would give first Transportation is a big problem. The older Americans move quickly so they can be warning of a missile attack on the United Karnak participants (our community) have implemented today. And we want them to be States. At Sinop, there is a mid-range detec­ bus service to the nutrition program three strong enough to bring happiness and help tion system which monitors Soviet military days a week. Some of the people need pick­ to the older Americans of the future. movements in and around the Black Sea. up service at the door, but we have not been And at Incirlik is a front-line Strategic Air able to provide this. We also have some Command base. wheel chair people who haven't had a chance If Turkey demands removal of these instal­ to participate in the program. LETTER FROM CONSTITUENT lations, how are they to be replaced? How is Transportation and housing, which are of their activity to be accomplished efficiently great importance to the older Americans and elsewhere? which we are trying to obtain in our area, HON. CLARENCE D. LONG The pragmatists also argue the Soviet were discussed in an ·encouraging presenta­ OF MARYLAND Union will be the chief beneficiary if Turkey tion by representatives of the Department of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is carved away from NATO, thus weakening Housing and Urban Development and the the eastern defense fiank. The Soviet Union Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Tuesday, July 29, 1975 would reap this strategic benefit without lift­ The programs in Pulaski County and the Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, I ing a finger. lives of older Americans in many other areas would like to share with my distinguished If Turkey withdraws from NATO and could be enriched if we had a "walk-in cen­ orders removal of the American bases, she ter", where hand-crafts, recreation, music colleagues a letter sent to me by one of would become a doormat to the Middle East and "just talk" could be enjoyed. my constituents, Dr. Barry S. Lever, of in the event of a major confiict there. Why can't school buses be used for com­ Baltimore. Dr. Lever sets forth his views Emotion in Congress and excessive national munity services? We understand there is a on the administration's policy toward the pride in Turkey have ruled the rhetoric on problem with insurance. It seems that this Middle East: problem could be solved. After all, the buses this issue. Cold, hard, strategic common sense LETrER FROM DR. BARRY S. LEVER has been pushed into the background. Both are bought with public funds to be used, and countTies are bound to regret that in the the school is not a "little kingdom"; it could In my opinion the present approach of Mr. future. serve older Americans, too. Kissinger and our president to an interim New legislation for older Americans is im­ agreement in the Middle East is wrong. Their portant. We should legislate programs to position is detrimental both to America and help senior citizens understand the laws that Israel, as it blocks a well planned and coor­ SENIOR INTERNS are changing their everyday lives. dinated pollcy between two friends and allies. For example, many older men and women Subtle pressures by this administration to receive small pensions from the Veterans make Israel give up her bargaining counters HON. PAUL SIMON Administration as well as Social Security. -while he1· security and survival hang in the They certainly aren't benefited when-as is balance is dangerous. This only tempts fur­ OF ILLINOIS ma~y: times· the case-{)ne pension check is ther belligerency from those with a blind hos­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA'TIVES increased and tlie other is reduced in a like tility to Israel. Tuesday, July 29, 1975 ·amount! This is riot right. · This admin1stration must realize that. -the Helping tht! older American with consumer support of the Amerlca.n People for Israel iS Mr. SIMON. Mr. -Speaker, -in May of problems could.be-done on a voluntary basis. longstanding_and deep. It has been· accurately this year I invited Mr. and Mrs. Hugb Programs, discussions and "plain talk" about '\Toiced and voted by our congressional repre:.. Rimer of Karnak, ill., to participate in problems in this area could be beneficial. sentatives and previous presidents. · a Z-week senior citizen internship pro­ · The Retired· Senior Volunteer Program · Americans recognize Israel· a.S a strong, gram here in Washington. · ·. (RSVP), a part of "ACTION", provides many strategically situated, resilient and depend:. opportunities for the older American to be­ able western oriented· democracy. This de­ The ·Rimers joined a group of senior 'come involved in satisfying activities that mocracy· contrasts sharply with the many interns from 20 other congressional dis­ promote human happiness. We have the surrounding dictatorships of her Arab' neigh:. tricts in a series of meetings with vari­ RSVP program in our area, and intend to ·bors. Thousands of Arabs live peacefully fn ous Government agencies and congres­ encourage other senior citizens to partici- Israel as full citizens. Some of tliese Arabs sional committees. pate. · hold high ministerial rank in the Israeli Gov· The Rimers, who have been leaders in Medicare and a national health insurance ernment, whlle others are representatives in program are of great importance to senior the Knesset (parliament). I doubt that Jews organizing senior citizen activities citizens. In-patient costs in hospita.ls seem in any Arab country enjoy simllar rights or throughout southern Jllinois, h~ve re­ to increase daily. governmental rank. Political freedom and ported to me that they found the intem­ Medicaid payments are very low, especially democratic ideals are but one of the founda­ _ship valuable as well as personally in our own State of Illinois. Doctor fees vary tions of our natural and significant alliance enjoyable. greatly. Many doctors will not attend a per­ with Israel. They prepared a report on their 2 son who has Medicaid, not only because the We Americans also admire Israel's courage weeks in Washington, and I am happy to payments are low. but because the state is and determination in defending herself in share it with other Members of the so slow in making payments. The payment five wars in 27 years, yet building her an­ schedule hasn't been changed by Congress cestral land. In the 1880's Mark Twain visited House: since 1965. And high prices deprive a multi­ SENIOR INTERNS the Holy Land. He wrote a book on his return tude of older Americans of their drug needs. entitled "Innocents Abroad." In it he de­ (By Hugh and Erma Rimer) Senior citizen centers could serve as a scribed the "bleakness, desolation, and bare­ The Congressional Intern Program was a source of information for tax problems. The ness" of the land in those days. Contrast this wonderful experience and a worthwhile confusing forms that are part of the tax col­ to the present reality of Israel. It leaves no endeavor. lection process are a source of real frustra­ doubt as to the miraculous achievements of The program was presented in a wen-orga­ tion to many older Americans. Jewish effort. nized manner. ·The coordinators were Institutionalization is another important Skeptics may ask, "so?" "What's this to friendly and courteous, and we felt oom­ aspect of life for older Americans that we America or any other people?" A flourishing fortable and at ease with them. discussed in our internship. Israel, in spite of all adversity. is a cause The people representing various govern­ The aim of both the state and federal gov­ for hope, and a light to the spirit. Israel ·ment departments and agencies working ernment is to keep older Americans from shows to a troubled and uncertain world the with older American programs were dedi· institutionalization as long as possible. But capacity of human potential. Israel's cated and helpful. · .if one has to enter an institution, why should Capital, the Holy City of Jerusalem, is again . There was a mutual feeling of concern he or she be compelled to sit with mental a united City. The Government of Israel about the prograins and probleins facing patients when what is needed is daily care, cooperates with all faiths, and assures them senior citizens. We learned many things in love and attention? free access to and control over their own our association with the people from govern­ Mental patients housed in a shelter care holy shrines. Last year over 100,000 Arab ment departments and agencies, and from or nursing home could be separated from the tourists from · all over the Mid-East visiten the people who came to the intern program older American who needs a minimum of Israel, a unique situation. These are the from other states. care and love. step by step efforts which will lead to We have come to the conclusion that the It is very depressing to visit a nursing peace. These demonstrate Israel's cooperation older Americans living in small Villages and home or shelter care facility where mental for peace and her lack of intransigence. 25774 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 Israel's spiritual contributions are matched 100 in his office each day. The average the end of the year she intended to publish by her achievements in the physical world. American -doctor, according to a recent a consultative document on priorities in the Earl Butz, Secretary of Agriculture, _spoke health and sociai services. at a National Water Conference. He told of survey, sees 169 patients in his office per week. Doctors in England spend an Mr. Lewin suggested that if they agreed to only . one of these achievements 1n man•.a ration health services while preserving stand­ fight against hunger, that of Israel's pioneer­ average of 5 minutes with each patient. ards in what they did provide it should be ing efforts in specialized lrrlgation tech­ exactly one-third of the time spent by on the understanding that it was a. prelude niques. doctors in New Zealand. to overcoming the economic dl1liculties of the Israel's extensive univ~rsity system and Why any American who has examined hospitals are open to all. Many of these health service and that they would go on institutions are also great research centers. the results of socialized medicine in those to develop the service they wished to see. He Here research on cancer, heart disease, countries which · have adopted such a said Mrs. Castle h~Ld undertaken to review diseases of the eye, and many other fields system would want to transform our own the decision made last year by the Prime will benefit not only Israelis, but all the highly efficient private practice system of Minister not to have a.n independent in­ inhabitants of this planet. quh·y into the financing of the NHS because health care is difficult to understand. The Mr. Wilson was wedded to taxation as the Arabs impose boycotts on Israel, and reasons must be political. They surely would force others to do likewise. Contrast only means of raising the finances. cannot be medical. Mr. Lewin thought that if they were to this to a joint venture between the U.S. Now, England is planning to ration Firm Miles Laboratories, and the Israeli Co., ration services it would be prudent for the Government to agree, while that wa.s going Yissum Research & Development. Israeli health care even more strigently than in research developed a new test for thyroid the past. A recent meeting of the British on, that there should be "a. long cool look by function. This partnership produces it in Medical Association was told that, as a an appointed body at the financing of the Israel and successfully markets it world­ result of current efforts to stem the tide service and how it should be managed in the wide for the benefit of humanity. future. of inflation, there will be virtually no "Surely, if we are being asked this and the These examples of daily human progress in growth in the National Health Service public are being asked this, this is not the and through Israel are easily overlooked by for the next 2 years. the shortsighted headline reader and the time to throw away mlllions of pounds for faint hearted. Selling out our ally through Mr. Walpole Lewin, chairman of the political dogma. in taking private practice payment of economic or political blackmail British Medical Association, responded to out of the health service", he added. to our "good friends" in OPEC, or to terror- the cutbacks in health spending, and an It was no time to ban agency nurses or 1st Yassir Arafat Hussein!, will not secure the accompanying effort by the labor to meddle with the promotional activities of price of cheaper oil for the West, or the peace government to eliminate all vestiges of the pharmaceutical companies. If the medical profession cooperated they we all desire. private medical practice in England. He had the right to ask that all should pull to­ Look behind the moderate words of a declared that: gether in the same direction. Personal aspi­ Sadat, unsupported by substance. Review Surely, if we are being asked this and the rations to fulfill certain views must be put all the plans, propaganda, methods, and public are being asked this, thfs is not the aside. track record of the 20 Arab states which be­ time to throw away millions of pounds for There was laughter when Mr. Lewin said siege Israel. You w1ll soon realize that their political dogma in taking private practice that assuming her role as "guardian of the goal 1s the eventual eradication of the State out of the health service. health of the nation" Mrs. Castle intended of Israel. Let no one miscalculate. Israel's to use her powers to restrict private prac­ three million creative souls will not let them­ We Americans should be happy that tice over a. wide field. It her proposals were selves be added to the 6 mllllon that perished our own health care delivery system is carried out it would mean severe 11mltation 1n the Trebllnkas and Auschwitzs, the victims not in the state of decay and disarray and ultimately virtual withdrawal of a vi­ ot an uncaring world. able alternative to i;he health service. It 1s time our highest government ofiicials which characterizes the socialized med­ renewed support for Israel in the fullest ical system of Great Britain. What then became of individual free­ I wish to share with my colleagues an dom of the patient to seek the medical care sense.. and stopped sniping and pressuring of his choice and where would he obtain this valued a.lly. I would advise this admin­ article which reports on current develop­ istration to reconsider its present Mid-East further opinion? That limitation of free ments in England as it appeared in the choice was the most blatant intrusion by policies in light of Psalm 146: "Put not your Times of London of July 8, 1975, and government into professional and patient trust in princes nor in the mere man in insert it into the RECORD at this time: freedom to be seen for a long time. whom there 1s no help." RATIONING OF HEALTH SERVICES IS UNAVOm­ He was not, he said, saying that the Gov­ The western world does not need another ernment was wrong in saying that taxation "peace" like that which won for Mr. Kissin­ ABLE; EXPECTED 10 PEaCENT INCREASE IN BUDGET was the way to finance the NHS. But now ger a Nobel Peace Prize. Rather it is time for (From John Roper, Medical Reporter, Leeds) was the time to look to see if there were a peace in which a strong and flourishing other ways to help in raising money. At Israel will continue to make the contribu­ Rationing of services available under the least they had a foot in the door in the tions to humanity, within mutually recog­ National Health Service by a system of pri­ undertaking to consider an independent in­ nized and secure borders, directly negotiated orities appears unavoidable, the annual rep­ quiry into the service. with her neighbors and respected by all. resentative meeting of the British Medical Representatives threw out the proposal Association in Leeds was told yesterday. to make membership of the BMA compulsory, Doctors will do their best to keep the serv­ and watered down part of the motion that ice going, although its condition is so fragile would have meant the association's lenct.­ UNDER SOCIALIZED MEDICINE­ that it could not stand vicious cuts, it was lng most of its time to trade union activity stated. Changes dictated by political dogma, a.t the expense of its other functions. ENGLAND HAS RATIONED HEALTH which would cost money, should not be CARE The amended motion, passed by a large pressed. majority, stated that among its principal Speaking on the effect on the service of functions the BMA should "represent the government policies to beat infiation, :Mr. HON. PHILIP M~ CRANE profession, advise members and negotiate Walpole Lewin, chairman of the council, said terms and conditions of service". OF ILLINOIS that a.t a recent meeting with Mrs. Castle, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Secretary of State for Social Services, which he had sought as a matter of urgency, his Tuesaay, July 29. 1975 understanding was that lnfia.tion-proofing of NHS was likely to be fixed this week at YOUNG FARMERS Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the United 10 percent. States, at the present time, has a surplus "There wlll be virtually no growth in the of hospital beds. Those countries in service for the next year or two," he said. "We HON. RICHARD NOLAN Western Europe with socialized medical have to look after the NHS roughly on pres­ OF MINNESOTA systems have the opposite-a scarcity of ent expenditure plus 10 per cent as an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hospital beds and long waiting lists of emergency move until better times come." patients. In a. letter to Mr. Lewin on Monday, Mrs. Tuesday, July 29, 1975 Even when it is possible to see a doctor Castle asked the profession to join in discus­ Mr. NOLAN. Mr. Speaker, I would like sions on the cost-effectiveness of present re­ in socialized medical systems such as that sources. The letter said: "I do not believe to bring to your attention the letter of a In England, the impersonal nature of the that the department and the health authori­ young couple from Minnesota who re­ care received radically differs from that ties can alone tackle these problems and I cently began dairy farming. The letter received by Americans. The average hope we may be able to work together in graphically demonstrates the problems British doctor is responsible for nearly choosing the right priorities !or the NHS over which young farme:rs encounter in their 2,500 patients, and may see as many a.s tbe next few years." Sbe added tba.t before efforts to establish a viable farming op- July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25775 eration. We all have a stake in the con­ appreciate a better milk price so we can from Newport, Rhode Island concluded the keep operating an efficient dairy. program with the playing of our National tinuation of the small family farm. With­ Sincerely, Anthem. out our small dairy farmers, we would be DUWAINE AND SANDY WASCHER. All units passed in review before returning in serious danger o.f becoming totally re­ to their respective quarters. With seven bands liant on a few large corporations and for­ in the line of march and over three hundred eign imports as our sole source of dairy members of Post #146 parading five abreast, products. LEST WE FORGET the accolades of the entire community have The letter follows: been received by the Amvets for a well plan­ J UNE 6, 1975. ned and executed program. A long winter of Congressman RICHARD NoLAN. HON. JAMES A. BURKE meetings resulted in realizing the objective Sm: To be efficient dairymen we shall have of never forgetting those who have served to improve parts of our operation. This in­ OF ~SSACF.nJSETTS our nation and community. cludes these capital improvements of imme­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "LEST WE FORGET" diate necessity. Tuesday, July 29, 1975 "We honor those who gave their lives in the Fencing, $1,000 (approx.): Silo, $20,000 service of their country and those others of ( approx.) ; Heifer barn and remodeling, Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. our comrades who, since the wars, have $3,500 (approx.). Speaker, this past Memorial Day, I had gone to their eternal rest. Their sacrifice and These figures are indeed small, but we the pleasure of joining with the mem­ service were given to safeguard and transmit realize these are hard times and we must to posterity the principles of Justice, Free­ "tighten the belt." We would be more effi­ bers of the Dorchester, Mass., John P. dom and Democracy. cient if we had: $2,500 in fencing; two silos McKeon Post ·Amvets No. 146 for their "To consecrate and sanctify their memory at $40,000; heifer barn facilities at $25,000. Memorial Day observance. is our highest duty. So today, as a grateful We wouldn't mind the luxury of a milking I would like to enclose for my dis­ nation w_ishes, we pause in our dally tasks parlor at $35,000 (a parlor provides less man tinguished colleagues the report of the to perform that duty and to pledge ourselves hours to more cow numbers. Example: One May 26 proceedings, as written by a past anew to the Patriotism and Americanism that man can milk 80 cows in 90 minutes in a commander of Post No. 146, Francis S. were theirs"-Francis S. Murphy, Past Com- parlor versus 4 hours in a regular stanchion mander. · barn). Murphy. This report will also appear in we cannot find financing for more efficiency the forthcoming issue of the Amvets in our dairy operation. Creditors are afraid National paper: of the political agricultural situation and "LEST \VE FORGET," MEMORIAL DAY, MAY 26, MILITARY CONSTRUCTION AU­ seemingly want to dispose of the unaccom­ 1975 THORIZATION BILL FOR 1976 modating problems involved. Possibly cred­ Tradition that dates back over one hun­ itors feel that there is too much of a big dred years continued at the Cedar Grove risk. Little do creditors care about the young Cemetery in Dorchester, Masc:. this past HON. DAVID W. EVANS farmers' business risks which they (young Memorial Day. Having had its inception OF INDIANA farmer) cannot control: weather, disease, shortly after the Civil War. when members IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and government decisions. of the Grand Army of the Republic marched As young farmers, we are not sitt ing back the dirt roads to a monument which they Tuesday. July 29, 1975 on our $100,000 paid-for lands and our $40,- had erected in honor of their departed com­ 000 bank deposits. We young farmers need rades, these solemn observances have be­ Mr. EVANS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, financial help for this reason. If we do not come the focal point of the local veteran's I supported H.R. 5210 which the House receive help, who will be the farmers of the organizations rememberances on this day approved yesterday. I believe this bill future? of honored recollections. Continued in turn represents an attempt to cut unneces­ Those 80-year-old farmers with $40,000 de­ by veterans of the Spanish American War, sary spending from the Department of posits will be long gone. Do you realize that World War I and at present by (three vet­ Defense requests without depriving the 50 percent of the dairymen are over ag~ 40? erans groups) the V.F.W., the American services of the projects considered nec­ A country must consider its future agricul­ Legion and the Amvets, each alternating as t ural manpower needs. Personally, we feel it's host for the occasion, the tone of respect essary to maintain a strong American critical to "keep 'em down on the farm." and honor of the dead is strictly in keeping defense posture. But if young farmers are pushed financially with the real meaning of Decoration Day. The original request submitted by the out of agriculture, then in twenty years or Preparations were begun last Fall by the DOD was for $4,201,605,000. After a care­ so there will not be very much left of the John P. McKeon Post Amvets No. 146 as ful examination of the 700 items in the dairyman-breed of farmer. host for all veterans groups In conjunction request, the Subcommittee on Military We need government help, and in all sin­ with the Art Department at Boston Tech­ Installations and Facilities reduced the cerity we need it now. We have (and still nical High School, the McKeon Post held a want to hold onto) future goals. We would contest in which patriotic, bicentennial request $243,165,000 or 6 percent. Their like to succeed in dairy farm management theme paintings were submitted by art stu­ cuts reflect the elimination of design proficiency. We want to help in leadership dents. Two paintings were judged superior frills and unnecessary projects costly to in the pioneering of Benton county (Minne­ and the printing department at Boston the American taxpayer. sota) government, in farm land development Technical High made a composite of both For example, the committee reduced via soil conservation, more drainage, etc. We for the program cover. Mr. Henry F. Mulloy, the statutory limits for barracks from want to continue producing a superior, clean, Headmaster of the high school and a mem­ $39.50 to $35 per square foot resulting good tasting food product (class I fluid ber of Post No. 146, supervised the project. milk), because we realize we have to meet At a reception held in his honor, National in hundreds of thousands of dollars consumer demands. We want to become more Commander Easley Burdine joined Boston's saved. The committee deleted the proj­ educated in agriculture and this, of course, School Superintendent Dr. William J. Leary ect for the defense language school at involves government policy-making at the and Commander James H. Graham of Post Lackland Air Force Base on the basis it local, county, and state level. We want to No. 146 in the presentation of Saving Bonds was no longer necessary. A research ani­ encourage young people into the field of to John Lynch and Waldo Williams whose mal isolation facility at Aberdeen Proving dairy science (4-H, H.F.A.A., F.F.A.). We art works were chosen as most in keeping Grounds was reduced in scope as the want to be better business persons because with patriotism and the theme of Memorial committee felt the proposed facility was business is the name of the game. We would Day. like to take part in upping the milk produc­ Congressman James A. Burke was guest too elaborate. Other frills eliminated tion per cow through sound genetic manage­ orator of the day at the Cedar Grove Ceme­ include a request from the U.S. Military ment. tery. Directing his remarks towards the ne­ Academy for $2,054,000 for roads and Our goals are realistic enough for the cessity for vigilance and preparedness, he new athletic facilities. The committee future, but at this time we young farmers warned of the dangers of a weak defense was concerned about the high cost of are being stangled to death by a financial posture in current times, comparing today's tennis courts and so deferred the proj­ crisis: A b:l.d cost-squeeze. On top of this world conditions to those of the pre-Pearl high cost--low price squeeze you will find ect. Reductions were also made for spe­ Harbor era. A custom was followed as each cial bachelor quarters at several loca­ that our debt reduction (retirement) is ap­ Post Adjutant read the names of those com­ proximately 38-40 percent I rades who were called to their eternal re­ tions. Another saving came by eliminat­ Enclosed is a summation of our projected ward during the past year. A drum roll fol­ ing provisions for air conditioning at finances and as you see, at the present rate lowed the report of each Post and at the some military family housing. we will have a cumulative deficit of $16,910 conclusion of the reports, three volleys were These cuts are important to our Na­ for April-August· 31st. We sincerely would fired, followed by taps. The U.S. Navy Band tion's economy in the short run. There 25776 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 are provisions, however. in this bill which upon the scene. The Iroquois Great Law schooling in many states. The final part of I believe will provide significant savings provides for initiative, political unanimity, his education was completed in Austin, in the long run. This bill provides ap­ referendum and recall, and suffrage for men Texas, where he graduated from the Del propriations for energy conservation and women-a government of 50 Chiefs Valle High School and the University of based on the consent of the governed. Texas. programs at each of its new construction Benjamin Franklin said so at the Albany projects. This, I believe, is especially im­ Upon graduation from the University, he College, when he pointed out how democ­ received his commission and entered the portant considering the fact that the racy among the Five Nations had prevailed military service in the U.S. Air Force. Shortly DOD uses 85 percent of all energy con­ for thousands of years. Franklin was guest after receiving his wings at Webb Air Force sumed by the Federal Government and of the Iroquois at a meeting of the Grand Base, Texas, he was assigned to the F-4 type about 40 percent of this energy require­ Council on Onondaga Lake, where he learned aircraft. He was sent to Vietnam and com­ ment is for installations. Hence, the first hand the workings of the intricate bi­ pleted his first tour in October 1968. He re­ committee approved $134,918,000 in this cameral body, where every clan had a repre­ turned to Southeast Asia for his second tour bill for the energy conservation projects, sentative, every nation its chiefs and war­ in August of 1969. riors. The political contributions of the Robert was shot down while on a night most of which will pay for themselves Iroquois to the framing of the Federal Union mission on 11 November 1969 and since then over a period of 4 to 7 years. has long been affirmed by historical writers. has been listed as "Missing in Action". No Allocations for energy conservation Thomas Jefferson freely acknowledged his word has been heard from or about him projects would upgrade facilities and sys­ debt to Indian teachers when he pointed out since. tems that were designed and constructed that the Indians succeeded with local mutual accommodation without totalitarian rule. Robert is married and his wife shares the under a concept of cost effectiveness The Indian has made other contributions same grief as we do. Needless to say we are when energy was plentiful and relativelY to this nation-from popcorn to lacrosse, the gravely concerned about him and others in inexpensive to allow more effective use toothbrush to suspension bridges, from pipe the same predicament, and we cannot ex­ of energy. Thus, the problem of fuel filters to snow goggles, the word "o.k.," boy press enough gratitude to you for the shortages and its rapid escalation of scout lore, herb medicines, a host of foods, thoughts and concern you have shown. tobacco, and much more. He taught the Eu­ We thank you again and request you con­ costs can be countered. tinue to keep Robert and the other "MIA's" Since becoming a Member of Congress. ropean how to survive in the wilderness, how to travel by canoe, how to find sources of in your prayers. I have been calling for the elimination water and mineral deposits. He was the first Sincerely, of boondoggles in appropriations of this ecologist, the first to espouse the modern LEON & JEAN TUCCI. nature. That is why I have taken the conservative ethic of harvesting only what time to examine this bill in such detail. is needed. I am convinced that the savings features But most cf all-he contributed his con­ for the taxpayer, make this bill deserving cept of freedom. TESTIMONY ON WORKPLACE NOISE of our support. POLLUTION THE MIA ISSUE-CAPT. ROBERT HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN INDIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE TUCCI-MIA BICENTENNIAL OF ILLINOIS HON. J. J. PICKLE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, July 29, 1975 OF TEXAS HON. WILLIAM F. \VALSH IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, our world OF NEW YORK Tuesday, July 29, 1975 is becoming noisier and noisier despite IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES efforts to control the problem. Studies Tuesday, July 29, 1975 Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, I know that show that excessive noise can bring on every Member of this Congress is deeply anxiety, hearing loss, speech problems, Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, on anum­ concerned about the plight of our ''MIA" insomnia, and just plain bad temper. ber of prior occasions I have had the in Southeast Asia. Growing concern over these psychologi­ privilege of sharing with my colleagues Today I would like to enclose a letter· cal and physiological effects of noise led remarks pertinent to our Nation's cur­ from the parents of Capt. Robert Tucci Congress to direct the Environmental rent bicentennial observance. During a of Austin, Tex., on the llccasion of his Protection Agency to study the problem discussion of this general subject with 33d birthday. and possible solutions. Ms. Nancy Duffy, a member of the As each of you read this moving letter That was in 1970. When the EPA re­ news reporting staff at WHEN-TV, about the gallant young pilot who has port came out 2 years later, it not only channel 5, Syracuse, it was suggested been missing since 1969, I know that you confirmed the dangers of high noise that mention of the historically signifi­ will pledge to do all that you can to see levels but also showed that more than cant role oi the American Indian in the that Captain Tucci and otherr. like him one-third of an Americans suffer some foundation of American freedom and are properly accounted for. detrimental effects of noise pollution. democracy would be especially appropri­ The letter follows at this point: That report, and the results of other ate, and I agreed. AUSTIN, TEX. studies, prompted Congress to enact the Ms. Duffy, who has a deep and devoted Thank you very much for the interest you Noise Control Act of 1972 for the pur­ Interest In American affairs, offered to have shown in the "MIA" issue. pooe of establishing and implementing a provide me with some suggestions on the Now that the known Prisoners of War have national policy for noise pollution pre­ topic. and I subsequently received a per­ been released, we must focus our efforts vention. Specifically the act charged the tinent and delightful brief essay which toward a full and satisfactory accounting .of EPA with setting noise emission stand­ says, far better than I might be able, those men that are still listed as "Missing ards for commercial products and banned a in Action." what I have felt for long time. It is indeed a very serious problem for the distribution of any new products that I am honored to share with you today the Men involved, and for those of us at failed to meet those standards. Unfortu­ Ms. Duffy's comments as they were sub­ home, because of the meager, if any, infor­ nately there were certain administrative mitted. and am proud to endorse these mation that has been made available to us delays and the EPA's Office of Noise remarks as if they were my own: from Hanoi these past years. As with all Abatement and Control has not met The Bicentennial Observance is a fitting "MIA" families, we anxiously wait for some many of its required deadlines. The time to look to our roots and pay homage word, though it be with mixed emotions, agency is making progress though, to those who have contributed to our con­ being a little fearful of the worst news that cept of freedom. This must necessarily in­ we may receive, yet extremely hopeful that enough progress, as I see it. to warrant clude the American Indian-and especially our prayers will be answered and that our extending the act for another 2 years. the Iroquois, whose five-nation League of son will return to us. Such an extension is proposed in H.R. Peace precipitated our own ·constitution. The following is a brief resume on our 5272 which is on the .floor today. This bill Early chronicles tell of the Indian's love son Robert. Robert is our only child. He was also addresses another very serious prob­ !or freedom and his representative democ­ born 29 July, 1942 in Detroit, A-fichigan;. lem of noise in workplaces. As you are racy established long before Europeans came Being of a military family, he received hls probably aware~ the EPA recently chal- July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25777 lenged the Occupational Safety and hearing loss for Ford workers. The continua­ Walter Nowikas, an acoustical engineer. Health Administration's new regulations tion of that standard will not reverse the who I understand will testify later in these trend of more noise and the further destruc­ proceedings. wrote the following comments in for workplace noise claiming they are tion of human resources. To show you that an article for the Appliance Manufacturer inadequate. OSHA claims the regulations the present standard is not working consider trade magazine in February, 1975: are sufficient to control noise. Under our involvement with O.S.H.A. ..About 50 percent of the excess noise in H.R. 5272, this dispute would have to be Hoping to realize the Congressional intent most plants according to noise control ex­ settled. of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, perts, is the result of improper maintenance. In order to throw some light on this I filed a complaint in February of 1972. Eight Such 'garbage' noise is generated by such problem of workplace noise, I am insert­ months later, a compliance officer made an things as worn or poorly lubricated bearings and gears, leaks in air lines, loose machine ing in the RECORD today the testimony inspection (October 19, 1972) of the Ford Stamping Plant. On March 6, 1973, a citation covers and shields, unbalanced or improp­ given before OSHA on the regulations by (CSHO #V-9229) was issued charging a vio­ erly adjusted components, and just plain Richard W. Marco, president of United lation o! 29 CFR 1910.95(b) (1) "Failure to worn out equipm.ent. Automobile Workers Local 588 in Chi­ utilize feasible administrative or engineer­ "If manufacturers would have someone cago Heights, Ill.: ing controls when employees are subjected to with a knowledge of acoustics walk through TESTIMONY ON OSHA's PROPOSED OCCUPA­ sound levels exceeding those listed in Table their plant and eliminate the true mainte­ TIONAL NOISE STANDARD G-16." nance problems, they might discover they (By Richard W. Marco) Ford submitted an abatement plan that don't have a noise problem at all." would not achieve compliance. The Area Di­ During my plant surveys, I have observed My name is Richard Ma.rco, I'm here repre­ rector accepted it and we filed notice of con­ exactly what Mr. Nowikas is speaking about. senting the 150,000 United Auto Workers in test. The Secretary of Labor defended the Stamping presses bottoming so hard that Region #4 (Illinois, Iowa & Nebraska) and reasonableness with witnesses who had the whole :floor shakes because dies are not as Chairperson of the Chicago Area Commit­ never been in the plant and admitted the sharpened properly. Part conveyors or trans­ tee on Occupational Health & Safety (an as­ major noise sources were not addressed in fers banging against their stop so hard you sociation of doctors, lawyers, engineers and the plan. might think their function is to self de­ trade unionists from 25 Locals of UAW, OSHRC Judge (George Otto) ordered the struct. Poorly maintained presses can gen­ OCAW, UE and USWA). erate two or three times as much noise as Most specifically I am here representing Secretary of Labor to establish a reasonable abatament date. His decision and order was a properly maintained one, but as long as the 4,000 members of Local 588 U.A.W. of appealed for discretionary review to the Re­ they continue to operate, the time will not which I am the President. When we are work­ be taken to repair them. ing, we are employed at the Ford Stamping view Commission. At the present time we are still awaiting that review-three and one half When you consider the life expectancy ot Plant in Chicago Heights, Illinois (one thou­ machines, it can be said that proper main­ sand are currently laid of). (3lf2) years after the complaint was filed. Obviously, as you can see from our frus­ tenance as a method of noise control doesn't We are vitally concerned about the noise cost, it pays. Mr. Nowlkas went on to say: an d its devastating effects, consequently we trations in the foregoing, the present stand­ ard is not working. The proposed continua­ .. The person generally responsible for noise obtained the services of certified Audiolo­ control is a safety or industrial engineer. gists to measure our members' hearing. Ac­ tion of it offers little hope for improveme_lt. A safe and healthful workplace still looms as And invariably he doesn't have the authority cording t:> these recent audiometric test to do anything specific about a noise prob­ samples: a distant dream for most workers. I urge you to make my dream and the Congressional lem. If, for example, he spots a clanking, Four out of five have hearing impairment worn out bull gear on a 30 year old press, approaching handicap. intent of O.S.H.A. a reality by adopting a lower maximum noise exposure standard and the production manager will tell him to One out of five members is already handi­ 'mind your own business, we have parts to capped. then enforcing it rigidly. The Noise Level Standard is analogous to get out.' So the press keeps pounding away Data suggests that since the Walsh Healey at 120 dBA until it eventually stops. Then Noise Standard in 1969 and O.S.H.A.'s adop­ the 55 mile per hour speed limit. Industry regards it as something to aim at rather than the gear is replaced." tion of it in 1971, noise levels have increased. The problem is that the worker's hearing Hearing impairment seems to be increasing comply with. Just as motorists now drive 60 where they used to drive 75 when the speed needs to be replaced by this time also. But, even with the use of hearing protection. Dan­ there is no known medical or surgical pro­ iel Queen, Acoustical Engineer, will tell you limit was 70 M.P.H. You must let the word go out that 85 decibels is going to be the cedure that can restore noise induced hear­ more about this a little later. ing loss. When it's gone, it's gone forever. Just prior to passage of the Williams­ standard and perhaps 80 before too many more years. In so doing you will encourage There is no doubt tha.t the technology Steiger Act. my employer was promoting the exists today to reduce noise to eighty-five 1971 L.T.D.'s quietness. In their Newsweek corporations to step up their noise control efforts. Instead of mediocre attempts, they (85) decibels through engineering controls. magazine ad October 12, 1970, they said, Acoustical engineering consulting firms have "Studies show that excessive noise can will have to engage in significant engineer­ ing programs at existing plants and design said they can and they should know since bring anxiety, bizarre bodily sensations and that is their business. Lyle F. Yerges (OSHA personality disintegration." quiet into future plants. Let me give you one simple illustration: witness) testified to that on the first day of I can attest to this; I've seen mild man­ these proceedings, "We know that there is nered people become hostile, cool heads OSHA and the Secretary of Labor had failed to require Ford to protect several hundred feasible technology.'' There is a lack of in­ turned to anger, calm situations become centive to implement noise abatement tech­ crises because of the nerve wracking noise tool & diemakers in a low noise generating area from overexposure due to adjacent high niques, rather than a lack of technology. Pro­ and the frustration caused by the inabllity tecting human resources doesn't receive pri­ of people to speak to each other in a normal noise areas. The Union made it a Collective Bargaining demand. As a result of a strike ority attention, production does. voice. Two examples can demonstrate my point: Ford's advertisement goes on to say, which the Company said cost them $28 mU­ llan, they agreed to install an acoustical cur­ 1. In the welding assembly area parts are "Outside it's getting noisier, and noisier. transferred from one station to another by Inside a 1971 Ford LTD, it's another world.'' tain between the high and low noise area. The result is the tool & diemakers are now way of automated carrier rails. The parts are The LTD certainly is quiet, but inside the alternately li!ted off and then dropped onto factories where Fords are built it is still very exposed to 88 to 90 dBA levels instead of 95. Installation of an acoustical barrier instead the rails. When I noticed that the inner truck noisy. As a matter of fact, the 90 decibel door line was much noisier than the outer standard (proposed by OSHA) allows 200 of a curtain would have reduced these work­ er's exposure to below 80 dBA. The technol­ line, I investigated and found the rails were times more sound energy than the inside of cushioned with rubber on the outer, but not an LTD, which is approximately 67 dBA. ogy was certainly available, but the require­ ment was not. If the Noise Standard was 80 on the inner. There is no shortage of technology when This rubber cushion was not installed to it comes to engineering quiet into their prod­ dBA, we would have a barrier today in place of the curtain. reduce noise, although it did a good job. It uct. The ad says, was installed to prevent damage to the sur­ "A computer is used to locate vibration­ Noise control cannot be regarded as a nui­ sance. It must be approached with a cominit­ face of the panel, a scratched or dented panel free body mounts--so the harshness stays would be rejected. The inside of the door is out and the quiet stays in. The body itself is ment to do the best job possible. Such a com­ mitment does not exist and it will not with seldom noticed and often covered with up­ made of heavy gauge steel and insulated to holstery, so its surface is less critical. Conse­ mume road sounds. Doors and windows are continuation of the present standards. Who in this room believes that the United quently, workers on the inner line are ex­ weather sealed against wind noise.'' States would have landed a man on the moon posed to greater noise levels while the tech· Shouldn't the people who build these cars in 1969 if John F. Kennedy had not com­ nology to reduce it is in use on the outer line benefit from this technology. Don't they de­ mitted this nation to do it during that dec­ 25 feet away. serve some measure of quiet at work. The ade. An 85 dBA or 80 standard will produce 2. Compressed air leaks are another major present noise standard has not prevented the necessary results and is possible with industrial noise source. one we have been personality disintegration or the handicap of such a commitment. complaining about for many years to no avail. 25778 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 My employer told OSHA in their noise abate­ ance. They have told me that absenteeism is our environment we will soon look like ment plan that they had an ongoing program high as 8 percent on Friday. I can tell you astronauts. to repair air leaks and more vigorous effort one of the reasons, especially among the In Summary I believe: would be made. The fact is that little or no younger people, is the noise. Reducing noise That the technology exists. effort is made until the reduced air supply levels would also reduce absenteeism. Many That companies can afford it. affects the operation of pneumatic produc­ employees just can't cope with noise five That hearing protection is not the answer. tion machinery. Then the compressed air consecutive days. Some quit. Others work That hearing loss and the non-auditory leaks are fixed, not to reduce noise, but to get the midnight shift where there is no pro­ effects of noise is taking a large toll on p roduction going. On June 18th a fire duction and noise levels are below 85 dBA. American workers. And, knocked out the plant air compressors. All Those employees who have a choice almost That OSHA's credibility is on the line. production ceased. Six smaller compressors always choose to work outside, away from I urge the adoption of the program out­ were rented and brought in the following day, the noise, even when the temperature is lined so well by E.P.A. and Organized Labor but t hey only pr ovided enough air to feed the below zero. in these proceedings: leaks, no machines could run. At that time The improved morale, increased produc­ An 85 decibel standard now. the whole plant sounded like an infiated air tivity, reduced absenteeism, fewer strikes, An even lower standard within a few years. mattress that had come in contact with a and less turnover will offset costs of noise A 3 decibel doubling rate and halving of barbed wire fence. We assume now, that air abatement. Additional savings would be expouure time. leaks will be repaired, even though the incen­ realized from eliminating hearing protec­ And hearing protection ONLY as a brief tive is production rather than hearing tion, audiometric testing, compensation interim measure. con servat ion. payments, insurance premiums and medi­ Then we need rigid enforcement by According to the BBN Report (Impact of cal costs. It is time the benefit side of OSHA.... Noise Control at the Workplace), 30 percent cost-benefit analysis be really looked at-­ My Local, and CACOSH and workers of the workforce is exposed to noise levels in before it is too late. around the country will get the noise low­ excess of 89 decibels. Maximum compliance Hearing protection has never been well ered in the shops and factories where we with the present standard would reduce this accepted by workers for a number of rea­ work. We hope this can proceed with OSHA's figure to 8 percent. These statistics mean that sons; ear muffs cause headaches, perspira­ cooperation and assistance, but we will get 3,080,000 workers (22 percent) are being over­ tion, and the elevated temperature in­ the noise levels lowered. exposed to noise in violation of the Williams­ creases susceptibility to ear infection. People whose very job is to talk to others Steiger Act of 1970. This could not have oc­ Furthermore, they have an effect similar to (relaying instructions, making assignments curred if industry had complied in good faith blinders on a horse in that they reduce or solving problems) go home from work with or if O.S.H.A. had provided enforcement of peripheral vision. Since all of the Ford em­ sore throats from screaming all day. Super­ the St andard. ployees are required to wear safety glasses visory directions for scheduling hours or If we assume the BBN estimates are cor­ also the muffs never fit properly over the job assignments are misunderstood or sim­ rect, the cost of compliance with 90 dBA is ears. Workers who have to wear face shields ply not heard. The result is that the work $4,350.00 per worker, ($13,400,000,000 for 3,- or welding helmets can't wear muffs. People doesn't get done properly or on time and 080,000 people). Compliance with 85 would who do wear them tell me the band causes often the employe is held responsible. only cost $2,240 more per worker, about half them to loose their hair and they give a Consider the affect of noise on the four as much per person, ($18,200,000,000 for 8,- weird feeling as though they were in a tun­ District Committ eemen on the day shift in 680,000 people) . nel. our plant: Assuming the E.P.A. cost estimate, which I The Company makes some rubber ear plugs Joe Lakomy, who has been a union repre­ feel is closer to the t ruth, it would be available but they are fitted so tightly that sentative since our L-ocal was chartered in much less, about $1,35o:oo per person. they cause constant pressure making them 1956, began experiencing discomfort from ($11,750,000,000 for 8,680,000 people), to com­ very uncomfortable also. Many workers only voice strain in the late '60's and early '70's. ply wit h 85 dBA Standard. insert them part way. As a result of the sore throat, which he feels The number of additional people to be Recently I became aware of a soft polymer certain was caused by constant shouting over protected is just about equal to the num­ plug that was much less uncomfortable, so the noise in the plant, he continually had to ber of unemployed in this country. What I asked my employer to make them available rely on throat lozenges for relief. Brother better way could there be to provide an to our members. He asked the Ford hygienist Lakomy said he had pain frequently, aver­ economic stimulus than in protecting for approval. Paul Toth denied the request. aging about once a week for years. Then in worker's health? BBN said meeting the 85 He said the very fact that plugs are com­ June of 1974 he was assigned to work in the dBA Standard in 3 years would increase fortable proves they are not doing the job, Committee office and has not had any sore­ employment by 530,000 in the peak period. in order to be effective they must be uncom­ ness since then to the present date. He has Many of the laid off U .A.W. skilled trades­ fortable, that proves the plugs are working. discontinued his use of throat lozenges. men are the very people who oould be call­ Hearing protection adds to the difficulty Dave Cockrell by contrast was elected Dis­ ed back to work to install noise control of speech communication in a small group, trict Committeeman in June, 1974. He never devices. They are available now and could especially when some are wearing muffs, some had any voice problems prior to that time. begin immediately utilizing their skills to using plugs and others with nothing. Each In fact, Dave used to sing professionally with quiet the workplace and stimulate the speaks at a. different level because he hears two Negro Gospel Singing groups, the Holy economy. Next to our health, what we need at a different level. Consequently the only Wonders and the Heavenly Sons. Since as­ most in this country today is jobs. solution is lipreading or sign language. suming his problem solving duties in June, Now that we are out of Vietnam, we Shouted warnings may not be heard lead­ 1974 he has received medical treatment at ought to declare war on occupational haz­ ing to disaster. Social interaction among the plant hospital four times for voice ard's starting with noise. Over 100,000 peo­ workers is stifled, further dehumanizing strained sore throat. (November 1974, March ple die each year as a result of occupational what is often already an inhuman environ­ 1975, April 1975, July 1975) . Brother Cockrell diseases and injuries as contrasted by 55,- ment. In regard to worker alienation the is no longer able to sing because his voice 000 Americans killed in the total Vietnam workers do not hate their work they hate cracks, not even in a church choir. confiict. It's time the public gave neces­ t he environment that the work is performed Bill Cline also was a professional singer sary attention to these killing work haz­ in. with the Weikert Corral, in fact they cut ards. Perhaps most of all plugs and muffs are several records. Bill also sang with the Will My analysis of BBN's report is that they resented by workers-resented as a cheap County (illinois) Singers who took first place have made an excellent argument for 85 Management ploy to put the burden of noise three or four consecutive years at the State dBA over five years. They pointed out the control on workers. Fairs. Brother Cline says he is unable to sing much greater benefits of 85 over the 90 Company surveys indicate only 85 to 90 any more. Because of his frequent voice dBA Standard and the less abrupt affects percent of the workers wear ear protection. strain as a committeeman he no longer has on the economy by spreading it over five The reason, in addition to the discomfort, is the vocal stamina, although he has main ­ years. We cannot recover that has been lost that they don't see any evidence of noise tained the voice range. due to lack of compliance with the present reduction through engineering controls and Bill says the hoarseness from voice strain standard, but we can prevent future losses they fear they will have to wear them all is often painful and he always carries by implementing a rigidly enforced 85 dBA their working life. menthol eucalyptus lozenges to cool his flam­ Standard and looking ahead to 80 dBA soon. People who wear a plaster cast on their ing throat. He says he doesn't mind the loss If government does not require a safe and arm or leg to mend a broken leg, do it will­ of income too much, but does resent being healthful workplace, unions will resort to ingly, even though it is clumsy and uncom­ deprived of the pleasurable experiences of strikes to enforce these membership de­ fortable because they look forward to the singing with a group and limiting of other mands. My own local did. The cost of com­ day it comes off and they are well again. Ear social activities. pliance thru government regulations will protection is just as clumsy and we don't The fourth day shift Committeeman, Joe be much less than it would be if achieved have the same outcome to look forward to. Elmhorst was first elected in 1958 and has by each union striking. We have come to the conclusion that the served almost continuously ever since. On One of the biggest complaints my em­ answer is to muflle the noise, not the workers. January 10, 1966 he was operated on by Dr. ployer has about his employees is attend- I f we continue to insulat e ourselves from Drummond at St. Mary's Hospital in Kan- July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25779 kakee to remove a polyp from one of his is classified as missing in action until membership should be based on grades, vocal cords. Dr. Drummond said it was caused th~ provisions of the Paris Peace Accord academic excellence, leadership, and from the strain of speaking loudly too often. have been fully complied with. I further other valid qualities. But sex certainly on September 19, 1967 the same doctor support House Resolution 379, to estab­ should not disqualify a person from performed the same operation on the other vocal cord. Dr. Drummond referred Brother lish a select committee to conduct a full membership. Elmhost to a Chicago Specialist, Doctor Hol­ and complete investigation of the current Often, membership in honoraries, such linger who operated again on Joe in January status of men classified as missing in as those for business and engineering of 1968 at St. Lukes Presbyterian Hospital. action. I commend the gentleman from majors, is important in helping a re­ Again on the polyp on the same cord. California New York City many illegal aliens are em­ Consular officers, as junior staff members of ployed in factories, industrial plants, hotels, the State Department, are influenced by their POW's and an accounting of t.he MIA. restaurants and in manual labor jobs. It has training and future career goals to be sensi­ We, the people of the United States can­ been estimated that in the New York area tive to the foreign policy implications of their not forget or abandon these POW's and one-third of the applications for the alien work. While this is important for many of MIA's. These men bravely served our labor certification program involve jobs the functions they perform, it is inappropri­ country. We owe it to these men and which could be filled by an American worker. ate in making visa issuance decisions. Any their families to take the necessary The federal government requires all aliens pressure from foreign countries or State De­ who enter this country to conform to th~ me~ures to determine their fate. partment superiors as to how many visas Immigration and Naturalization Act. This should be issued or the merits of individual law specifies the types of visas which may applications is not only counterproductive to be issued to foreigners and, supplemented by reducing the numbers of illegal aliens but ILLEGAL ALIENS the Immigration and Naturalization Service is illegal under the immigration laws. (INS) regulations, dictates conditions for acquiring and extending visas. Also pre­ II. INTER-AGENCY COORDINATION HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL scribed by this law and pursuant regulations There is also a lack of coordination between are the guidelines and procedures the INS the INS and governmental agencies other OF NEW YORK must follow in apprehending, detaining and than the State Department. The Social IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deporting illegal aliens. Security Administration is cm·rently mailing $1 million a day to persons residing outside Tuesday, July 29, 1975 Visas are issued by consular officers of the United States. Department of State at con­ the United States. It is impossible to deter­ Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the sular posts in foreign countries. Once an mine the number of illegal aliens who may allen arrives at an American port of entry, be receiving these benefits since no proof of Eighth Congressional District in Queens, legal residence was required to obtain a N.Y., is bearing a major share of the bur­ however, INS officials boo.r full responsibil1ty for regulating entry and all subsequent con­ social secm·ity card. Alt hough the Social den of the Federal Government's in­ duct of the allen in relation to the govern­ Security Amendments of 1972 prohibit il­ effective, unresponsive actions regarding ment. legal aliens from being issued such a card, illegal aliens. ISSUES millions of such cards are outstanding. Close cooperation between INS and the Social Se­ The communities of my district are I. Entry swelling with people in this country ille­ curity Administration is necessary, and pres­ The majority of illegal aliens enter the ently unavailable, to monitor and evaluate gally and the Federal Government is United States from Mexico, generally by efforts at enforcing the law and to assess the unable to respond to or rectify the situa­ crossing the border illegally, without the implications of the present situation. tion. necessary visa. However, many aliens who The Internal Revenue Service has partici­ In November 1974, I established a task come through other ports of entry, primarily pated in experimental programs where de­ force on illegal aliens to study the prob­ New York City, usually enter legally with ported aliens were screened for tax liability lem. I have just received its first report valid visas. Many then overstay their visas and assessed for delinquent payments. This dealing with the entry and supervision and thereby become illegal aliens according program met with little success as most de­ to law. We are concerned about this category tained aliens had limited assets which could of aliens. The major recommendation of of illegal aliens and the abillty of INS to de­ be seized. It remains necessary, however, to the task force is the establishment of a tect and monitor them. The problems relate form policy objectives concerning illegal single, independent Federal agency to primarily to communication between INS aliens and their tax liability. Such public exercise total jurisdiction over matters and the State Department Visa Office and po­ policy must be made as a coordinated effort. concerning aliens entering the United litical interference in the visa process. There are further problems coordinating States. The report goes on to cite foreign There are severe difficulties in communi­ policy and efforts between INS and the De­ policy pressures on visa issuance, the cating information about entry policy, visa partment of Labor. In attempting to evaluate effects of inadequate funding of the Im­ priority determinations and individual status the Labor Certification Program, the Gen­ reports between the INS and Visa Office. eral Accounting Office states that "The Labor migration and Naturalization Service Testimony presented at recent hearings of certification program ... cannot be accurately and the incredible lack of interagency the House Comxnittee on Government Oper­ assessed because the responsible departments coordination. ations indicates many areas where INS and have not developed adequate and comparable I commend this report to my col­ Visa Office failure to communicate leads to statistical data on aliens (including those leagues. The problem of illegal aliens is a frustration of the purposes of the Act. granted visas with certification) admitted truly a matter of national concern. I am Problems exist with regard to the validity of into this country." This situation has led to preparing legislation to implement the pm-pose for which visas are sought. Required a serious underinining or the program and information such as destination in the an inability to determine whether or not it recommendation of the task force and United States and the amount of money nec­ is effective and what its real consequences will soon be asking Members for their essary to finance a visit is hard to substan­ are. .support in this effort. The report follows: tiate. Student visas have been issued, for ex­ In addition to the need for imprmring com.: REPORT No. 1: ENTRY AND SUPERVISION OF ample, for aliens to attend schools which are munication between these government agen­ ALIENS under penalty by INS for certifying students cies, there is also a lack of cooperation be­ The issue of illegal aliens has recently known to be applying for visas in bad faith. tween state and federal officials. It is pres­ gained widespread notice and engendered It has been estimated that in the New York ently impossible to determine the number serious concern among many segments of the Office of INS alone there are at least 20,000 of or identify the illegal aliens receiving the outstanding reports of the abuse of student benefits of state adininistered education, wel­ American population. While there have been visas. fare or health programs. illegal aliens in the United States since the There is no unified policy on the number of enactment of immigration and naturaliza­ lli. FUNDING visas issued and the criteria to be used in The impact of present inad'3quate fund­ tion legislation, the present combination of issuance. Moreover, such policy as exists does a soaring unemployment rate among citizens ing on the INS is obvious from the opera­ not reflect the realities of massive visa abuses. tional priorities for FY 1975 as set by the and the shrinkage of municipal and state A consistent and rational approach requires INS Commissioner. Among INS procedures to resources has ma.de it essential that federal combining the experiences of both the visa be discontinued are: policy and practices in this area be totally issuers (The State Department consular offi­ The investigation of crewmen overstays. reevaluated. cial!i) and the domestic visa enforcers (The The investigation of applicants for Social The effect of the millions of aliens who INS officials). Yet consular personnel now Security cards. reside in the United States illegally is borne receive no information from INS as to the The investigation of applicants for welfare primarily by certain cities and local commu- number and nature of aliens overstaying benefits. July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25781 Control and follow-up of aliens granted efficient and responsive is dependent upon tion Committee, it was revealed that the voluntary departure. the other. taxpayers are furnishing 11-count Control and follow-up of aliens who have The federal government has no comprehen­ them-11--employees to "provide serv­ disappeared, after being identified as here sive, rational program for dealing with illegal ices" to the House Press Galleries. The illegally. aliens in our country. There are many areas The ratio of inspectors to passengers at where public policy has yet to be formulated. services were described by one committee airports has been reduced to 1 to 60 and of In areas where policy determinations have member as "pencil sharpening." inspectors to cruise vessel passengers, 1 to been made, they are piecemeal and ineffec­ The five persons in the press gallery 500. Dlegal aliens located by other agencies tually monitored and enforced. Only with the cost about $112,000 annually. The radio will be taken into custody only if they are creation of a single independent agency can and TV gallery needs fot~r people at in the immediate vicinity of an INS office. this makeshift approach be remedied. An in­ about $82,000, and the periodical gallery Due to lack of sufficient funds, the INS dis­ dependent unit would encourage the forma­ suffers along with only two at $38,000. trict office in New York has a detention cen­ tion of a unified policy with regard to aliens The staggering total is $232,000, an aver­ ter that holds only 70 people. When it is 1·eceiving governmental benefits and services full, apprehended aliens are not detained for and the enforcement of tax laws. Polley age wage of $21,000 for the 11 lucky trial and deportation, but requested to re­ determinations, effective execution of laws employees. turn voluntarily. The INS office in Southern and fiscal accountability can best be achieved In addition to sharpening pencils, the California has had its budget cut by more by a single governmental unit. gallery staff tells the Press Corps what than 50% in this past fiscal year. As of 1973 B. Additional recommendations happens each day. The press apparently there was a backlog of 77,000 uninvestigated 1. Increase congressional appropriations to has a tougher time making a quorum in complaints in just the New York and Los the House than the Members do. - Angeles offices. the Visa Office and the INS. It is very clear that the current funding Until 1974 Congress has consistently met I understand that the taxpayers also for INS prevents it from carrying out its re­ INS budget requests. The inabillty of the furnish equipment for the press gallery. sponsibilities. It has been estimated that service to perform properly has been the The equipment, services, and personnel about two-thirds of the illegal aliens living result of action by the Justice Department subsidies probably amount to at least a in this country escape detection, and still and the Office of Management and Budget. quarter of a million dollars. That is a fewer are apprehended and deported. Whlle They have combined to limit the INS re­ quests that reach Congress. minor league amount compared to some there has been an increase of illegal aliens of our other world series spending, but by 20% in each of the past ten years, the Congressional appropriations for the Visa increase in INS manpower has been just 9% Office are made through the State Depart­ it is a bit of a jolt to find out that the in that entire period. ment. According to a recent Government Ac­ press is not free. counting Office study, it is not feasible sep­ Perhaps, in the interest of truth in XV. INFORMATION AND DATA arately to analyze the overseas expenditures advertising, or packaging, we ought to Presently it is almost impossible to deter­ of the Visa Office. It is apparent, however, mine the number of lllegal aliens in this that the responsiveness and effectiveness of require by law that stories emanating country, where they live, where they work or visa issuance is directly related to the budg­ from the House Press Galleries carry the what taxes they owe on their earnings. The etary limits given to that aspect of the State byline, "Partially paid for by the tax­ INS, for example, has varied its own esti­ Department. Budget requests, therefore, payers." mates on illegal aliens currently in the should be justified before Congress by the It is with great regret that I invite the United States from 6 to 8 million. Even these Visa Office as well as the Department of attention of Members, who, like myself, numbers are suspect, as they are developed State. using as a base the number of illegal aliens may have been unaware of the size of -2. Reqttest more vigorous oversight of the this p1·ess subsidy, to tl)~ fact that tbe apprehended. ThiS is a · sta.tistically inade­ Visa Office and INS. · ·quate method for co!lling up with estimates It is the responsibility of the Congt'ess to fress press, like ~the free· lun<>h, bas upon which p~licy must be _made; ·provide continuous, ·effective ana.Iysls of the passed from the .congressional scene. One of the most harmful effects illegal workings of. executive departments and -aliens have upon our country is th'etr impact agencies. To fulfill that responsibllity, it is on local communities. All federal, state and "important that the House Committee on municipal ,!unding of local services and pro­ ·aoverntnent· Operations, Subcommittee on RETffiEMENT OF VIDAL AYALA AND ~ams are bas~d on ce:q.sus qata.-These data Legislation and National Security, exercise its SAMUEL STEWART OF PA'CIFICA, 'are non-responsive to illegal aliens and there­ oversight jurisdiction of the Visa Office and CALIF., TRmUNE . . . - fore seriously underestimate the number of INS. To that end, the Subcommittee should residents· in communities with ·many 1llegal be urged to continue its investigation into aliens. The locality, ther~fore, bears alone and review of the operations of INS. The " HON. LEO J. RYAN · n the burden of overemployed facilities and in­ Subcommittee should also be urged to con­ adequate services. The ability more accu­ duct an investigation into the practices and OF CALIFORNIA rately to e!;)timate the whereabouts of illegal procedures of the Visa Office in an attempt IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aliens would provide all levels of government to develop a total picture of the lllegal alien Tuesday, July 29, 1975 with the information and impetus needed to situation. The visa manual, and the train­ adjust its funding and delivery of services. ing, review and evaluation of consular offi­ Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, it is person­ Local communities are now penalized for cers ought to be examined in depth. ally a great pleasure for me to acknowl­ their attractiveness to 1llegal aliens. 3. Introduce legislation to provide for the edge the retirement of two excellent San RECOMMENDATIONS compilation of accurate data and statistics Mateo County journalists from the sea­ A. Major recommendation: Introduce legisla­ regarding lllegal aliens. side community of Pacifica, Vidal Ayala tion creating a single independent regula­ Accurate data is necessary to aid the INS and Visa Office in evaluating their own ef­ and Samuel Stewart. On August 1, 1975 tory agency havtng jurisdiction over all fectiveness. Congress would benefit as well, "the people of Pacifica will honor my two matters concerning foreign persons enter­ by being able to use this information to form friends with a reception and dinner. ing the United States, with the combined just and realistic public policy determina­ These two journalists have worked junctions oj the Visa Office and the INS. tions. In November 1974 the Law Enforce­ with the Pacifica Tribune since it was An effort must be made to maximize coor- ment Assistance Administration award­ founded in the mid 1950's. They have dination between those government officials ed a contract for the development of a re­ been in the Pacifica Tribune's graphic who issue visas abroad and those who are search design to obtain this information. responsible for domestic enforcement of the arts department for its entire history, The results of this study should be sub­ and at no time ha-s the paper been pub­ Immigration and Naturalization Act. There mitted to Congress with recommendations is little justification for keeping separate concerning its feasibility. High priority lished without either Vidal or Sam on .the two major government offices which deal should be given to finding remedies for this duty. with aliens. There are, however, persuasive lack of crucial data. Vidal Ayala, a California-born lifelong .persons for combining them as an independ­ printer, was the first permanent em­ ent agency. Responsiblllty must be placed ployee of the Pacifica Tribune and has with one administrator answerable solely to 'THE PRESS IS NOT FREE been composing Toom superintendent the American public. The agency should be throughout the years as the Tribune removed from the conflicting policy and fiscal -grew with the town.- One of the first choices which are involved when its functions are subordinate to the over-all responsibllity HON. BILL FRENZEL specialists who joined Ayala was Sam OF MINNESOTA Stewart, who moved west from Con­ borne by the larger departments of Justice necticut in the !-Iorace Greeley tradition and State. IN THE EOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE~ and for two decades has been the The functions of INS and the Visa Office Tuesday, July 29, 1975 are more similar and interconnected than Tribune's foremost compositor. disparate. The same Immigration Act is be­ Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, during a Their work has bt-en an integral part ing applied and the abllity of each to be recent meeting of the House Administra- of the continuing effort toward journal- 25782 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 istic quality by the staff of the Pacifica budget reductions ordered by President NiXon the sampler and onto the ships. "They're al­ Tribune 1n a community whose modem and by USDA Secretary Earl Butz, Peterson ways finding ways to get by with everything history predates the World War II era indicated. theY- can." when it provided homes for a new wave The extent o1 the bribery scandal, and the THROUGH 197 4 of California immigrants. existenee of additional federal investigations The recent indictments in New Orleans into the possible involvement of shipping and Houston allege bribery payments going and grain company officials, was disclosed by back as far as 1970 and continuing up The Register May 4. through 1974. ' CONFLICTS SEEN Peterson, who became administrator of the GRAIN SCANDAL SHOWS NEED FOR The investigation in Washington, New Or­ agricultural marketing service three years LEGISLATION-II leans, and Houston showed that the inspec­ ago, said he had not been aware of the tion system contains inherent conructs of Browning report on possible briberies until interest primarily because the inspectors, al­ informed by The Register. HON. NEAL SMITH though federally licensed, are employes of In January, 1973, in a report on a com­ OF IOWA boards of trade and other private organiza­ plaint from Nicaragua, about the quality of U.S. corn shipments, Woodward contended IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions controlled by grain, shipping, and other business interests. the licensed inspectors have a 98 percent ac­ Tuesday, July 29, 1975 The role of the Grain Division has been to curacy rating. license the inspectors, to supervise their But he acknowledged that Grain Division Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker. work on a spot basis, and to conduct appeal supervisory t>ersonnel were conducting on­ yesterday in the RECORD I called attention inspections at the request of a shipper who site surveillance of the inspectors in only to the need for legislation to avoid future about 2 percent of all export grain ship­ disagrees With an inspector's ruling. ments. grain scandals such as the one uncovered Seven grain inspectors in New Orleans recently in New Orleans and elsewhere. and five in Houston, all federally llcensed but He said that some of his staff, "for peace of mind and in keeping With past on-site I am sponsoring a bill, H.R. 8764, which employed by private inspection agencies, surveillance practices," wanted to increase includes new provisions making bribery were indicted recently on charges they took surveillance to about 10 percent. of grain inspectors a felony and making bribes to certify that export ships were clean, NEW EMPLOYES it illegal and unprofitable to add foreign insect-free, and acceptable for loading with grain. Five of the New Orleans inspectors Woodworth said in the 1973 report th.at material to grain. The text of the bill is have pleaded guilty, and another was con­ it would require 14 new federal employees printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Of victed in federal court. at an annual cost of $198,000 a year. July 18, starting at page 23553. INCREASING COMPLAINTS As an altern~tive, Woodworth proposed to The need for the new provisions men­ increase survemance at .. the known problem tioned above is shown graphically by In January, 1969, John A. Browning, chair­ elevators in the New Orleans circuit" by two articles by James Risser, a Washing­ man of the Grain Division's Board of Appeals transferring people there from other Grain and Review, spent three weeks in Europe Division offices. ton correspondent for the Des Moines talking with government officials and those Woodworth's report was made in response Register. in the grain trade about an increasing num­ to a demand by ·Peterson that the division The articles follow: ber of complaints about mlsgraded, contami­ look into complaints from the Nicaraguans [From the Des Moines (Iowa} Register, nated and insect-infested grain. .and take "whatever actions required to in­ May 11, 1975] In a number of the countries, Browning sure the accuracy of any grain inspections USDA IGNORED GRAIN BRIBES FOR 6 YEARs­ was warned that it was commonly believed made by the designated grain inspection ADMITS LAXITY AFTER INSPECTORS INDICTED inspectors at the American ports were taking agency involved." under-the-table payments. (By James Risser) The agency was the New Orleans Board of Upon his return, Browning wrote a strongly Trade, which is run by New Orleans business WASHINGTON, D.C.-U.S. Agriculture De­ worded report to Howard H. Woodworth, interests and employs licensed grain inspec­ partment (USDA) officials were warned siX director of the Grain Division saying: tors to examine ships and grain going out years ago that federally licensed inspectors "The Grain Division should make doubly of two large elevators there. were taking bribes in connection With the sure there is no bribery of inspectors or NEW ORLEANS ELEVATOR grading of export grain and the inspection falsification of certificates or misgradlng of of ships used to carry the grain abroad. the grain or improper sampling. Woodworth told The Register that the The USDA also had evidence as early as Grain Division has had problems with one 1972 that something was drastically wrong MANPOWER, FUNDS New Orleans area grain elevator in particu­ with inspection procedures at New Orleans, "We should have the manpower and funds lar, where, he said, elevator personnel "took La., export elevators. to supervise and keep inspectors under sur­ advantage of our mechanical sampling and The danger signals are contained in depart­ velllance on weekend and night loading at made sure we didn't get representative sam­ ment documents examined last week by The those export points where foreign complaints ples of grain." Register. indicate the lower grade grain was loaded." Woodworth's report also detailed how the They contain a variety of warnings from Browning continued that "after listening Grain Division had cut back its activities foreign purchasers of U.S. grain, from U.S. to complaints for three weeks and seeing the between 1963 and 1973. Embassy personnel, and from USDA officials look on people's faces and in their eyes when Field omces were reduced in number from about the possib111ty of a bribery system and they accuse the inspection system of being 48 to· 35, and inspection supervisors from about problems in New Orleans. subject to bribery, I cannot stress too 300 to 220. INDICTMENT CITED strongly the part good inspection practices, Grain supervision inspections, involving constant supervision and quality control checking on the work of some 800 inspectors But until a bribery scandal surfaced re­ must play in helping this country retain the and 3,000 licensed grain samplers had de­ cently with the indictment of grain inspec­ overseas grain market." creased from 170,000 a year to less than tors at New Orleans and at Houston, Tex., Apparently referring to the fact that in­ 65,000. high department officials ignored fervent spectors work for agencies allied With the Supervisory inspections of processed prod­ pleas that the bribery question be investi­ grain export trade, Browning wTote that "it ucts alsO" had dropped, from 50,000 a year gated and that supervision of inspectors be is very difficult for people in other countries to less than 35,000. beefed up. to understand our licensing of inspectors EXPANDING SALES In fact, at the time U.S. grain exports were and supervision procedure." booming in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Asked about the report, Woodworth sa.ld All this had occurred while the U.S. was the Grain Division cut its staff of inspection the Grain Dlvlslon "is not staffed to find con­ rapidly expanding its overseas sales of grains supervisors from 300 to 220. spiracies of briberies," which he said is up to and other food products~ During the same period, survelllance of the federal law enforcement officials. Copies of Woodworth's 1973 report, out­ lining weaknesses in the inspection system, grading and ship inspection activities of the uA LEAN STAFF" inspectors was reduced by more than half, were sent to Butz's top aide, Under-secretary records show. Woodworth, who went along with budget J. Phil campbell, department records show. and manpower cuts in the Grain Division, It also went to Assistant Secretary Richard Hl.ESS '!'HAN ADEQUATE" said he has built "a lean but efficient staff." Lyng and to Raymond A. Ioanes, adminis­ "Our supervlslon has indeed been less than "I'm not an empire builder or a bureau­ trator of the Foreign Agri-cultural Service. adequate," Ervin L. Peterson, administrator crat," he added. Peterson told The Register that the whole of the Agricultural Marketing Service ac­ Woodworth acknowledged, however, that thrust of the Grain Division's work has been knowledged. Peterson, whose agency includes his supervisory personnel at the ports misguided. Rather than concentrating on the Grain Division, said "we are taking steps "weren't very resourceful in guarding against statistical review of the inspector's accu­ now to see that our supervision ls improved." briberies on the cleanliness of ships." racy, the division should have been crack­ Staff cuts 1n the grain dlvision were "un­ He portrayed ports as centers of corruption ing down on th~ private inspection agen­ wise" but apparently came about because and said that in the case of grain exports, cies to see that their inspectors were per­ of the division's efforts to comply with the name of the game is to get the grain past forming honestly, he said. July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25783 {From the Des Moines (Iowa) Register, and other major grain ports. USDA's Agri­ "unfit for use in meal." USDA found two of May 20, 1975) cultural Marketing serVice oversees the in· 86 lots of the grain mlsgraded and agreed It ASSAIL CORN FROM U .8. AS "RUBBISH"-BIU'I'• spectors and conducts appeal inspections on was excessively dusty. request, but the federal staff available for A. AIN: INSECTS IN 13 OF 20 CARGOES L. BaiTett, director of Henry W. Pea­ this purpose has been nearly cut in half in body Ltd. of London, submitted a large num­ (By James Risser) the past decade at the same time U.S. grain ber of complaints from its customers about WASHINGTON, D.C.-A London, England, exports were soaring. American corn shipped to Peabody in 1973. grain firm angrily told the U.S. Department Many of the complaints from foreign pur­ The charges included claims that corn ar­ of Agriculture (USDA) early this year that chasers concern matters which could result rived wet, discolored, moldy, dusty, broken, recent shipments of American corn have from inadequate export inspections. extremely mealy and too moist. been "nothing short of rubbish." In recent years, the Agriculture Depart­ "Shipments of this maize have deterio­ At about the same time, a Parma, Italy, ment has been adding a disclaimer clause to rated recently to unbelievable depths," Bar­ importer complained that U.S. wheat ship­ its documents concerning grain grading, a rett wrote USDA. "Many of our own country ments had durum mixed in with the wheat. clause which has the effect of giving the customers for whom we purchase have com­ A year earlier, the pest infestation con­ aggrieved purchaser less to go on in pur4 plained verbally, much of which is unrepeat­ trol laboratory of the British government suing a complaint. able," had reported that 13 of 20 corn shipments "An export inspection certifica~ repre­ One of the irate customers said, of a ship­ from the United States were full of insects. sents the quality at the time and place of ment allegedly containing double the permis­ The complaints are typical of those con­ loading," the clause says. "It may or may not sible moisture: "Under no stretch of the tained in files of USDA's Foreign Agricultural represent the quality of the grain at some imagination could anyone grade the corn '3'. Service (FAS), charging that misgraded, con­ future date or at another place where it is We feel that strong protestations should be taminated and poor quality grains are being unloaded." made to the USDA direct or the agricultural delivered to U.S. export customers. "CERTIFICATE FINAL" attache, even to point of emptying 56 pounds CONCERN TOLD Much of the grain also is sold "certificate over his desk." Agriculture Department personnel tend to final," which means the purchaser is forced STRONG DOUBT blame some of the complaints on foreign to accept the grade placed on the grain in A number of complaints express strong purchasers trying to get out of a bad finan­ the U.S., &Yen if he believes it to be wrong, doubt that the grain could have deteriorated cial deal, or on unique factors such as the a USDA grain export official said. much during shipment, suggesting that it unusually dry and easily broken kernels in Dozens of complaints of misgraded, poor had been poorly inspected and misgraded in the 1974 crop. quality, and contaminated grain have been the u.s. But some of the same officials are con­ received by FAS during the past few years. The 1974 findings by British pest control cerni!d that many of the complaints are Officials say many more complaints never officials, that a majority of recent U.S. corn genuine and might be related to a break· reach their attention, because the disputes shipments contained insects, included four down in the system under which U.S. export are often worked out between the buyer and sealed bargeloads of corn inspected by the grains are inspected and graded before ooing the seller without any government interven­ Davenport (Ia.) Grain Exchange and sent shipped abroad. tion. down the Mississippi River to be loaded on several federally-licensed grain inspectors Among the complaints which have reached ships at New Orleans, USDA records show. in New Orleans, La., and Houston, Tex., have USDA are these: According to the British officials, the corn been indicted on charges of accepting brioos Eight shiploads of wheat sent to India in the barges contained four types of insects to certify the cleanliness of grain-cattying from Houston in late 1973 proved to be in­ upon attlval and also had a high internal ships. The inv~stigation by federal agents is .fested with grain borers, although the grad­ temperature of 31 degrees centigrade (about continuing, in ·an· effort to determine in­ ing and ship inspection certificates indicated 88 degrees fahrenheit). volvement of shipping and grain companies the shipment was .insect-free. A USDA study of the complaint was un­ as well as possibl~ misgrading of grain by A complaint from Great Britain this year able to pinpoint any cause for the insects, the inspectors. said corn shipments had anived broken and citing a possible "latent infestation." "dusty." Another British purchaser said his IOWA'S SMITH UPSET customers were "very dissatisfied" with the Members of Congress are beginning to take recent quality of American corn shipments: a look at the integrity of the inspection "We are becoming very disenchanted with IRS RESPONDS TO QUESTIONS ON process, because of their concern that the paying for maize which is nothing short of developing scandal could hurt the domestic TAX RETURN PREPARERS AND rubbish." TAXPAYER ASSISTANCE farm economy and U.S. trade efforts, if over­ Venezuela complained in 1973 that 12 ship­ seas grain customers become dissatisfied ments of u.s. No.2 yellow corn did not meet with the shipments they receive. that grade due to mold and breakage of HON. CHARLES A. VANIK Representative Neal Smith (Dem., Ia.) said kernels. A USDA investigation agreed that Monday he is upset about grain grading three of the 12 shipments actually should OF OHIO regulations that permit a U.S. seller to ship have been graded U.S. No. 3, a lower grade, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grain contalnlng up to 3 per cent "foreign and said all 12 had some moldy corn. Tuesday, July 29, 1975 materials." Corn shipped to El Salvador in 1974 had "The foreign customer assumes that it will been graded U.S. No.3 yellow, but upon ani· Mr. VANIK. :Mr. Speaker, earlier this be 'natural' foreign material, such as weed val was found to be U.S. sample grade, which year, the Oversight Subcommittee of the seeds," said Smith. "But what happens is is two grades lower, according to the com­ House Ways and Means Committee held that if the grain being loaded has only one plalnlng purchasers. The grain, shipped from per cent foreign material, they sweep up the New Orleans and graded by the New Orleans several hearings with ms Commissioner floor and put that in to bring it up to 3 per Board of Trade, turned out to have higher Donald Alexander on the issue of tax­ cent. than permitted moisture content, USDA payer assistance and tax return prepar­ "They actually add dirt, and that's what found. The agricultural attache at the U.S. ers. During those hearings, a number of the purchaser sees at the other end. Then Embassy in El Salvador refetted to New Or­ specific questions were submitted to the he thinks American grain is no good, and it leans shipments as "a continuing problem." ms. The subcommittee has just received hurts our sales," said Smith. A shipment of 741,000 bushels of wheat answers to those questions--a number of The shipper is motivated by the chance to to Germany in 1970 attived with live weevils, make extra profits, said Smith, explaining requiring the purchaser to fumigate the en­ which contain especially interesting and that if a shipment of $3-per-bushel corn tire shipment at his own cost. The wheat, uesful information. The full text of the contains one per cent "natural" foreign ma­ sent by the Goodpasture Elevator Co. of Hous­ Service's answers will be included in the terial the shipper can save six cents a bushel ton had been graded by inspector Bill Marcy subcommittee's hearing record. Follow­ by adding another 2 per cent foreign ma­ of the Houston Merchants Exchange and the ing are some of the more interesting re­ t erial. ship certified insect-free by the exchange's sponses. The deliberate addition of foreign mate­ chief Inspector, B. L. Sibley. Marcy is one of There is still a high rate of error rials to export grain first was brought out in the inspectors indicted two months ago in congressional hearings more than a decade Houston on charges of receiving bribes from among many private tax return pre­ ago, said Smith, adding that grain company shippers over a 3-year period dating back to parers: employes have admitted the practice to him 1970. Quest~on: What proportion of the tax re­ and have said that It still goes on. A 1970 shipment of wheat from Galveston, turn preparers surveyed this year have been "We need better regulation, including a Tex., to the government of Israel was alleged submitting inaccurate or fraudulent returns? prohibition against blending foreign ma­ to be low in protein, a complaint confirmed Reply: Approximately 700 return prepar­ t erial back into the grain," he said. by USDA. The Israelis said the shipments ers were contacted in 1974 through "shop­ from the Bunge & Born grain firm, also ar­ ping." This is a method of Identifying sus­ U.S. STAFF CUT rived with a weight shortage of 387 metric pect preparers where an ms agent poses as U.S. export grains are inspected and graded tons. a client and With a predetermined set of in­ by federally-licensed, but privately em­ Corn shipped to London from Philadelphia, come, deductions and a cover story goes to ployed, inspectors at New Orleans, Houston, Pa., in 1973 was said by the purchasers to be a preparer for preparation of a return. 25784 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975

Of 570 hypothetical returns prepared 1n turns. This figure was based upon actual 125,292 or 12.9% were Overpayment or Bal­ this manner during the 1974 program. 157 filings 1n 1973. An updated estimate based ance Due errors. or 28% contained wha.t appeared to be in­ upon returns filed in 1974 would exceed 01 the Form 1040A returns processed dications of possible traud. These hypothet­ .$300 million. There are studies underway through AprU 5, 1975, there were 434,833 ical returns were not actuaJ.ly 1lled. there­ which exrunine. 1n greater detall, the costs math errors, of which 239,827 or 55.2% were fore could not be used as evidence ln a o:t preparing returns by ms personnel and Tax Computation errors; 109,852 or 25.3% crlmlna.l a.ctlon. However, suspect preparers the comparative error rates of ms versus were Overpayment or Balance Due errors; were Identified In this manner. Returns pre­ commercially prepared returns. This effort and 59,645 or 13.7% were related to Excess pared by suspect preparers and filed by will also estimate the amount of income FICA. client taxpayers wer.e subsequently screened lost from the re~s sampled. for examination. Based on these examina­ Finally, in the area of simplification, tions and preliminary criminal investigations The Service is at last beginning a ma­ the ms reports that it has not yet had of actual returns prepared by the suspect jor study of the cost/benefit of stagger­ an opportunity to focus on the specifics preparer and filed by the client taxpayer, ing tax return :filing dates: of corporate tax simplification. In uiew approximately 50% of the 157 cases were Question: It seems that a great d.eaZ of the of the tremendous problems facing small closed for lack of potential as criminal cases. problem of providing taxpayer assistance is The remainder, about 14% of the .. shopping" businessmen in meeting IRS :filing re­ caused. by the crush of people filing on April is cases, are currently under investigation or 15. As a result, the IRS has to hire extra quirements, the Service's response have been recommended to the Justice De­ people who may not be fully trained. There very disappointing. I would hope that partment for prosecution. is an extra burden on the Post Office and. on more work could be done on small buni­ ness tax assistance and simplification. The Service's own taxpayer assistance all IRS personnel. Why not change the tax filing date so that, say, one sixth of the pub­ Question: It has been said. that the most program generally gets high marks from lic files every month during the first half important thing we could. do to help the taxpayers. A survey of 14,000 taxpayers of the year. Or it could. be required, that taxpayer is simplify the tax cod.e. In 1973, who used the Service's taxpayer assist­ everyone must file within ten d.ays of their the Administration submitted. a number of ance program found that 90 percent birthday. proposals for the simplification of tnd.ivid.ual found it helpful. Unfortunately, some This type of idea has been proposed. before. returns. Could you provide a list of five or of the advice provided to taxpayers is The Service points to a number of prob­ six areas where we might be able to provide inaccurate. This is a major problem in lems. However, have you calculated how corporate tax simplification? much could. be saved. through reduced. per­ Reply: Our first and foremost concern In the Service's program and the Oversight sonnel, more accurate filings by taxpayers this area. of simplification has been with in­ Subcommittee w1ll be working closely and. reduction in the April 15 crush which dlvidua.l, nonbusiness taxpayers. These are with the ms to lower the error rate: results in late refunds and. interest pay­ the people who are in greatest need of as­ Question: Are you monitoring the quality ments to the public? sistance and who account for the over­ of taxpayer assistance being provided. this Reply: The Service has considered sev­ whelming bulk of the services provided by spring? What percentage of error are you eral proposals aimed at relieving the crush commercial tax prepa.rers and IRS asslstors. finding? What steps are being taken this of return filing under the present April 15 Next in priority would be farmers and indi­ spring to reduce that error factor? deadline. Some of these proposals involve vidual proprietors filing Schedules F and C, Reply: Yes, we are monitoring the quallty assigning taxpayers specific filing periods respectively. Then partnerships and corpo­ of taxpayer assistance being provided this on a monthly or quarterly basis in such a rations, which are more likely to have ready spring. We are using two basic approaches: way as to spread the fiow of returns through­ access to professional help in the prepara­ 1. Field Management has installed quality out tha year, or at least over a substantial tion of tax returns and maintenance of the control programs using such techniques as part of the year. Under such proposals, the related accounting records, should be con­ test calls, telephone monitoring, review of assignment of filing periods would be on the sidered. We have not yet had an opportunity returns prepared, observation of walk-in b:l.sis of birthdays, social security numbers, to focus on the specifics of corporate tax service, and shopping. Feedback from the surnames, or some similar method, with a simpllfication, but some areas which deserve field Indicates the following. The ranges in proportional allocation of taxpayers to each serious consideration are: (1) the complex­ error rates refiect the fact that the tests filing period. A discussion of the problems tty of capital gains taxation, (2) the d11fer­ were made In a variety of different district associated with such proposals was sub­ ences tn the treatment of Income deductions ofllces; other possible explanations are the mitted to the hearings before Senator Mon­ for corporations as compared with that for experience and training of different TSR's, toya in July 1974 (senate Hearings Before individuals, and (3) tax treatment of for­ management emphasis on a particular the Committee on Appropriations, Internal eign Income. method of quality review. Revenue Service, Taxpayer Assistance and Test calls, 15% to 25%. Compliance Programs, FY 1975, pp. 799-801). Telephone monitoring, 4 % to 10 %. The proposals that the Service has ex­ •Returns reviewed, 4 % to 30 %. amined present problems relating to equity A TRIDUTE TO VERN AND •Many of the errors have no tax conse­ among taxpayers and to administrative and GENEVIEVE GRANDGEORGE quence, e.g .• the inadvertent omission of the compliance complexities; however, 1n recog­ foreign bank account checkoff block. nition of the potential advantages of a. sys­ tem which would spread the filing of returns HON. TIM J.. HA L The IRS has begun a study to exam­ over a. longer period of time, we are reex­ ine, in greater detail, the costs of prepar­ amining the matter in an effort to develop a OF ILLINOIS ing returns. It is interesting to note that workable proposal. The current study will in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the cost to the Treasury of filling out clude a cost-benefit analysis which will at­ Tuesday, July 29, 1975 all tax returns is estimated to be half tempt to recognize the interests of the serv­ the amount Americans now pay to pri­ ice, taxpa.yers, tax practitioners, information Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, recently vate tax return preparers. return preparers, the Postal Service, etc. Somonauk and the surrounding commu­ Question 12: In testimony before the Sen­ The Service's response als6 includes nity paid tribute to an outstanding ate Appropriations Committee last year~ Sec­ interesting data on where the mathe­ couple, Vern and Genevieve Grandgeorge, retary Simon seemed. to indicate that in matical tax errors occur in filling out a who have provided decades of service to terms ot taxpayer services: return. This data is further proof of the their friends and neighbors. "We (the Treasury) couldn't p,n out all of need for tax simplification by the Con­ Vern has been a contributing citizen of the forms because this would. cost a tre­ gress: Somonauk for more than 60 years. He has mendous amount of money. If we attempted been township clerk and supervisor. He to fill out ourselves in the Internal Revenue Question: Where are the most· mistakes has served on the volunteer fire depart­ Service all Of the forms ... would involve made on filing an ind.ivid.uaZ tax. return? upwards of $200 mi'flion." Reply: One of the most frequent mistakes ment and is a life member of the Lions Can this figure be accurate? If so, since a taxpayer makes ln computing a tax return Club and the Masonic Lodge. He has been nearly 50% of the taxpayers pay private is checking the marital status code. This a member of the Congregational Church practitioners approximately $600 million to error, h-owever, is resolved in servi.ce cen­ for 60 years. fill out tax returns, why not have the IRS ters' editing and perfecting of the return, For the past 50 years, Vern has owned fill out all forms~ It is estimated. half of with a ta.xpa.yer contact made when neces­ a pharmacy in Somonauk. Throughout these forms (lre filled. out wrong-yet resu!t sary. that period he has kept well informed on in the loss of about $80 million tnrough tax Through April 5, 1975, there were a total the changes in modern medicine. As deductions. of 968,910 math errors on 1040 retl.U'Ils de­ Reply: Secretary Simon's testimony before tected by computer. Approximately 38.6% Vern said: the Senate Appropriations Committee last {374,253) were Tax Computation errors; Ninety per cent of the prescriptions I filled year referred to an IRS projection of $270 (e.g., using the wrong tax table) 177,640 or last year were not even heard of ten years m.Ulion for filling out all 1nd1v1dual tax '!'e- 18.3 7., were linked to Total Deductions; ago. July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25785 Genevieve Grandgeorge has also been While no longer a member of the County tive in Woman's Club, and b th Gen and Board, he still serves the township and holds Vern are aetlve in Eastern Star. a productive member of the community. the purse strings. a.dministering the funds Now that they have sold the store, they She has spent a great deal of her time for operation of the local Town Board care­ plan to spend a couple of months perhaps in and effort in church work, serving on the fully and diligently. Through his ever watch• Florida. tn the winter; play bridge, at which State board of the Congregational ful eye he carefully cares for those on public both are very good; sepnd time at their cot­ Chur.ch and serving as president of the welfare in the township, seeing to it that tage at the Gulch on the Fox River, near Women's Fellowship of Illinois. they get what they need for a comfortable Sheridan; and Vern also says that perhaps Vern has now sold his pharmacy and life. now and then there will be some of his he and his wife will be enjoying a more He also served as a volunteer fireman for pharmacist friends in the neighborhood who 30 years and most of the time was driver of may need a helping hand, so he will help relaxed life. They can reflect on the past the Soda-Acid Reo fire truck (vintage of them out, just as they did for him when he 60 years and be very proud of their con­ 1928). It was always his job to see that the wanted to take a few days off to vlslt his chil­ tributions. I want to join with their many truck was recharged after a fire. It was said dren, or a short vacation. friends in wishing them the very best. at one time he misunderstood the location Perhaps his work has been very confining, Mr. Speaker, the citizens of Somonauk of the fire and he set out for the wrong but he is gratified in knowing that he has prepared a brochure honoring the end o.r town. When asked why he went east helped thousands of people in many ways. Grandgeorges and I ask that the trib­ instead o1 west, he replied "I wanted to get From all of the many friends and acquaint­ ances of the Grandgeorges we take this ute paid them be placed in the RECORD. a good running start for the fire." He is also a charter and life member of the method of wishing them the best in the fu­ The tribute follows: Lions Club of Somonauk; a fifty year and ture, and may they enjoy their new freedom. A TRmUTE To VERN H. GRANDGEORGE, RPH. life member of the Masonic Lodge; a 60-year AND His WIFE GE!It'"EVIEVE member of the Congregational Church. Back DEDICATION in the depression days of the e.:1rly thirties, This little Souvenir Pamphlet was compiled the night soft-ball association was formed THEDEATHOFJULIANK. WELCH to pay tribute to Vern Grandgeorge and his and he was very active on this committee wife, Gen, for the many things they have and served as business manager of the asso­ contributed to Somonauk and surrounding ciation for its first three years. HON. ED JONES community. He was a member of the school board, OF TENNESSEE serving as president and secretary several Vern and Gen have unselfishly contributed, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES over the years, many things which has aided times during his 25 years of membership on in the prosperity, advancement and improve­ that board. Tuesday, July 29, 1975 ments to their beloved village, country, state, In the opera. tion of his drug store there nation and church, without consideration to have been many occasions the customer did Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speak­ their personal financial gain. not have the ready cash to pay for hls pre­ er, it is with great regret that I an­ An effort 1s humbly made to set forth some scription, so out of the goodness of his heart, nounce the loss of one of my dearest of their many accomplishments. he dispensed the medicine anyway, proving friends and a true humanitarian for all Vernon H. Grandgeorge is one of four chil­ that his customers were "like part of the of west Tennessee, Dr. Julian W. Welch. dren, born November 18, 1902, to farming family." Most of the time these customers Dr. Welch passed away last week in parents near Serena, Paul and Mary Grand­ paid when they could, but even if they never paid, he never took action to collect. He his home after a lifetime of dedicated george. His parents are now deceased, but his service to his fellow man, both through brother, Raymond, Sr., one sister, Leona figured his payments would come in other Ugland, reside in Somonauk, and another sis­ ways. his profession as a physician and through ter, Viola Solvin, resides near Sheridan. Throughout his five decades as a pharma­ service as an elected public official. When our subject was in the 7th grade he cist he has kept well informed in the changes He had practiced medicine in Haywood moved with his parents to Somonauk. in medications and the many new discoveries County, Tenn., since 1947 and became He began his education in Serena schools, in medicines. He states, "Ninety percent of known as an energetic man who devoted and graduated from Somonauk High School the presct·iptions I filled last year were not a great deal of time to projects aimed with the class of 1921. While a student here even heard of ten years ago." One other position Vern has held for many at the betterment of his fellow man. He he worked for a local doctor (Dr. Millikin) also served the city of Brownsville, Tenn., and became interested in medicine. After years is the Township and Village Health graduation he served his pharmacy appren­ Officer. In this work, which Is without pay, as a member of the board of aldermen it is his job to act in the case of dead a.nlmals, ticeship in Chicago while s~udying chemis­ and for two terms as the town's mayor. try and French in night school. contagious diseases, and see that accepted I would like to take this opportunity From there it was on to Valparaiso Univer­ health standards in clean streets and alleys to enter into the RECORD this article about sity (Class of '24) receiving his Phg; and are maintained. Dr. Welch in recognition of the dedi­ then to the University of Wisconsin, from During the 1930's he held a position with the National Youth Administration, per­ cation to service that he displayed which he received his Rph. He gained further throughout his life: experience at Johnson's Drug Store in Ge­ forming certain duties which required a con­ siderable amount of travel throughout the [From the States-G.r.aphic, Brownsville, neva, m., and also in Chicago. He then decided to return to his home town to con­ State of illinois. Tenn., July 18, 1975] When Vern started in Somonauk with the tinue in his profession and purchased the SuDDEN DEATH OF DR- WELCH DEPLETES LGCAL purchase of C. C. Dean's Drug Store in 1926 store from Mr. C. C. Dean in 1926. MEDICAL STAFF On June 21, 1928, he married his high he installed an ice cream soda fountain and his sodas were known far and near and also Dr. Julian Kenneth Welch Jr. 60-year old school sweetheart, Genevieve Norton, daugh­ his malted milks were second to none. And physician, died at his residence on Forrest ter of Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Norton. The wed­ the price could not be beat. Street, Tuesday morning at 7. ding was performed at the bride's residence, After the Somonauk State Bank was He was preparing to have breakfast when a home her parents had built on the corner liquidated, in 1952. Vern pureha.sed the stricken. of DeKalb and East Streets. building on the corner of Depot and Mar­ A native of savannah, Dr. Welch was The couple have four sons: William, De­ ket and converted lt to the fine store of to­ graduated from UT Medical School and had partment Head of the Drama. Theater of day. For a time the west portion of the practiced here since 1947. Roger Williams College in Bristol, Rhode building was used as a law office and later He served as alderman for the City, and Island; Robert, owner of Bud's Citgo 1n made into a restaurant, as it is today. was Mayor for t-wo terms. Somonauk; Douglas, an employee of New Of course Gen Grandgeorge has also been Active in medical affairs, he was past York's Human Relations department; and busy over these years. Her father, Bill NOT­ president of the state Academy of Family Vernon "Veech" is manager of "The casual ton, was in politics and served on most county Practitioners and was named Tennessee Quarter" an amusement center in Annan­ committees on the Board of SupervLsors. Gen Pra.ctitioner one year. dale, Virginia. He also manages the Joe attended Knox College at Galesburg, and is a He was medical examiner for the County, Theisman Restaurant in Bailey's Crossroads, 50 year member of Delta Delta Delta Sorority. a member of the State Board of Medical Va. Theisman is a pro-football player. It is noteworthy that she is an original mem­ Examiners, was delegate to both Tennessee Vern has had other avocations during his ber (57 years) of the local Sunshine Band Medical Assoclatl.on and: the American Med­ professional career. He has served the Town­ of the Congregational Church. She spent ical Association. He recently attended AMA's ship for nearly all of his adult life here. most ot her time in Ch1,1rch work, serving on meeting 1n Atlantic City. He began by serving as Township Clerk !or the State Board of the Congregational Dr. ele.b. 1na a former steward and fifteen years and as Supervisor !or 33 years.. Church and was president of Women's Fel­ was a. member of the o1ftc1al board. of First During this time he was Chairman of the lowship of Illinois !or a. couple of yea.rs. She United Methodist Church. County Board of Supervisors for two yeazs. was on the State Board o! Directors three He served 1D the ArmJ m World Warn Four years ago, by Constl~utional Conven­ different terms and past moderator of the and wa& a member of Amenean Legion. Ed tion, the County Board set up was changed. church several times. Gen has also been ac- Worsham Lodge, and has been Worthy Pa- CXXI-162~Part 20 25786 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 197·5 tron of Eastern Star chapter. He was the only How? Because the rescue craft involved in missionary begin'ning 13 days after 33rd degree Mason in the County and was the Mayaguez affair picked up radio signals a member of Scottish and York Rites, and of from the refugees They listened to the cries Pearl Harbor, when you were 19 years Al Chymia Shrine Temple in Memphis. of anguish and steamed on. and 2 months old, and that you com­ He was past president of the local Shrine­ ·· On or about May 9th, the possibllity of pleted your missionary service on Febru­ Club, had been president of the Exchange, rescuing these people was discussed in the ary 22, 1944. However, the Selective Club and assumed the vice-presidency of National Security Council. According to Service Headquarters in Salt Lake City, the Rotary Club, only last week. Capitol Hlll sources, rescue was vetoed at Dr. Welch had served as a member ot Utah, has stated that you registered for that time by Secretary of State Henry Kis­ the draft on July 1, 1942, and were clas­ of the School Board as secretary of the singer-himself a former refugee. Kissinger Tennessee Medical Association at the time is said to have argued that since Phu Quoc sified 1-c. That classification was ap­ of his death. is legally part of the territory of Vietnam, plied to members of the Armed Forces, Funeral services were held Wednesday, at any rescue attempt would be an "invasion" the Coast and Geodetic Service, and the 3:30 at the chapel at Brownsvllle Funeral and hence would jeopardize future relations Public Health Service. How do you ex­ Home, with the Rev. Wesley McKinnie, offi­ with the Communist government. Can you plain this classification when you were ciating. believe that? serving as a civilian missionary? Burial was in Haywood Memorial Gardens. Meanwhile very few people are doing any­ Third. What were the names of your Dr. Welch leaves his wife, Mrs. Lucille thing to put pressure on the White House, Mount Welch; three sons, Julian Kenneth even though such countries as South Korea, missionary companions in 1942 and "Kenny., Welch III, David Sevier Welch, Taiwan, Chile, and Canada have agreed to 1943? William Thomas Welch; two daughters, Mrs. accept these abandoned people a'! immi­ . Fourth. You testified that after finish­ Martha Welch Johnston, and Mrs. Judy grants. John McCarthy, director of Migration ing your tour as a missionary early in Welch Laney, both of Memphis; his father, and Refugee Services for the United States 1944, you volunteered for the Naval Re­ Julian Kenneth Welch; two brothers, Catholic Conference, has made some repre­ serve. The Navy Department has said Thomas Lewis Welch, Memphis; Robert sentations to State Department officials. this is impossible, since all Naval Re­ James Welch of Savannah; two sisters, Mrs. Cong. Larry McDonald (D., Ga.) is circulat­ serve units had been mustered into the Winnie Welch Blankenship of Memphis and ing a letter on the House floor, and about Dr. Sue Welch Johnson of Shelbyville. 30 signatures have been obtained. (Both of Regular Navy by 1944. How do you ex­ He also leaves four grandchildren. the so-called Cathollc priests in Congress, plain this? Cornell and Drinan, were asked to sign but Fifth. You testified that the Navy sent refused to do so.) A recent effort to put the you to the Merchant Marine Academy House Republican Steering Committee into at San Mateo, Calif., where after 3 THE ORPHANS OF JERRY FORD action got nowhere. Clearly it is time for mm.:.ths you received a commission as a Jel'ry Ford to hear from the Catholic grass midshipman. Would you explain how roots. this is possible, in light of the fact tha.t Ford is feeling pretty good about himself HON. LESTER L. WOLFF these days. The Mayaguez rescue so raised the Merchant Marine was under the OF NEW YORK his stock among GOP conservatives, that War Shipping Administration, not the Navy, and Merchant Marine trainees IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES White House aides have told political col­ umnists Evans and Novak that the President were called "cadets," never "midship­ Tuesday, July 29, 1975 now ·thinks he has Reagan on the run. It is men"? urgent, therefore, that all Catholics, espe­ Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, recently Sixth. I am informed that the Mer­ cially Catholic conservatives, tell Jerry Ford chant Marine has no record of your ever an article. printed in a national Catholic he had better think again. If our brothers in newspaper, has been brought to my at­ Christ on Phu Quoc are not rescued, Mr. having been trained or commissioned by tention which I feel illuminates an issue Ford can take his trophy for freeing the them. Do you have any documentary heretofore given little notice. While I Mayaguez and toss it in the ashcan. evidence to prove that you did serve with realize that it is not physically possible That very message. a little more dellcately the Merchant Marine during World for us to rescue these people from the phrased, of course, should be telephoned or War II? island of Phu Quoc, I would like each of telegrammed immediately to the White Seventh. You swore in 1966 that you House: (tel. 202-456-1414). Swamp a switch­ were a member of the crew of the ship, my colleagues to be aware of this situa­ board for your Vietnamese brothers. tion. I believe that we should not allow the Cape Elizabeth, for 6 or 7 months in these victims to be forgotten, and that 1944. Maritime Bureau records report­ the Congress, as a whole, should be edly do not show a Jack N. Anderson to cognizant of the plight of these people. JACK ANDERSON: A QUESTION­ have been a member of this or any other The article follows: NAmE ship crew. When you testified in 1966 you could not remember the name of the THE ORPHANS OF JERRY FORD captain of the Cape Elizabeth, under (By William H. Marshner) HON. LARRY McDONALD whom you allegedly served. Do you re­ Mr. Ford's highly touted rescue of the OF GEORGIA member the name of the captain, or any Mayague2 and its crew from Koh Tang IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Island contains an element of bitter irony. other ship's officers with whom you The operation brought scores of U.S. naval Tuesday, July 29, 1975 served, or can you produce any docu­ vessels and hundreds of U.S. aircraft within mentary evidence to show that you did Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. serve on the Cape Elizabeth? 40 miles of another island, where there is Speaker, Columnist Jack Anderson is something much more important to rescue. Eighth. You next stated that you left The other island is Phu Quoc. On it are generally in the r><>sition of asking ques­ the merchant marine and went to China 42,000 refugees from Communist agression, tions of individuals he has targeted for early in 1945, as a reporter for the Des­ two-thirds of them Roman Catholics. Many character assassination. eret News of Salt Lake City. Did you leave are orphan children. At least three hundred While allegedly calling public officials your ship while it was in the Far East, of them are nuns. Some of the priests there to account, he himself has remained or did you return to the United States are the very ones who 20 years ago led their immune from questions. In that light, congregations in toto, on foot, from Hanoi and then go back to the Far East in a Anderson might provide the answers to civilian capacity? to the South, seeking safety. This Spring, the following questions: when Hue and Da Nang fell, the same con­ First. When you were questioned in Ninth. Did you notify your draft board gregations moved again to Phu Quoc, some­ the pretrial hearings of the Philip J. that you had left the merchant marine times with the help of 'l".S. naval vessels. Corso libel suit against you, you stated in 1944, and that you had left the mer­ Now the same vessels steam by and ignore chant marine early in 1945? Was your t hem. under oath that the Mormon Church The people of Phu Quoc are determined to asked you to become a missionary early selective service classification changed fight. They have arms but only a limited in 1941, when you were only 18 years old. when you left the Merchant Marine? supply of food and ammunition. It is only a The Mormon Church had a rule that Tenth. Since you would have been sub­ matter of time before the Communists strike missionaries had to be at least 20 ject to the draft, on what basis did your in force. In propaganda bulletins released years old. Was a special exception made draft board authorize you to leave the in Saigon, the PRO ls already claiming to in your case, and if so, why? country in 1945? have occupied the lsland. But U.S. lntelU• Second. Records of the Mormon Eleventh. Did you obtain an American gence sources know that the claim is false. Church indica.te that you served as a passport and visas to go to China in 1945? July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25787 Twelfth. What means of transporta­ CONSUMER PROTECTION BILL IN After Congress passes the bill, consumers tion did you use to travel to China. and HOME STRETCH across. America. . should demand that Presi­ dent Ford sign tt. If· he vetoes it, Congress Thirteenth. Did the Deseret News or should override the veto. what route did you take? Was your transportation paid for by the Deseret HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL News or any other ne)Vspaper? OF NEW YORK any · other . publications you wrote for I N T HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IMPROVING THE ENERGY while you were in China pay you are~­ Tuesday, July 29, 1975 EFFICIENCY OF APPLIANCES lar salary? Did they pay expenses? Did they pay for each story you wrote? Mr. ROSENTHAL. :Mr. Speaker, after many years of work and frustration, the HON. ANTHONY TOBY MOFFETT Fourteenth. In an article in Newsweek prospects appear bright for passage of on May 13, 1963, you were quoted as say­ OF CONNECTICUT legislation to create an independent, Fed­ ing of your alleged service with the Chi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nese guerrillas: eral Agency for Consumer Protection. t.. in Tuesday, July 29, 1975 I don't think I ever filed a. story from there. The Senate broke filibuster May Nothing big ever happened. to approve the bill by an overwhelming Mr. MOFFETT. Mr. Speaker, part B of majority and earlier this month the title Vof H.R. 7014, the Commerce Com­ How did you obtain an income as a House Government Operations Commit­ mittee energy bill, contains some ex­ correspondent if you .never filed a story? tee voted it out by a 3 to 1 margin. I am tremely important provisions concerning Fifteenth. You testified that sometime confident that our colleagues in the improvements in the energy efficiency after the war ended you were inducted House will give this needed legislation achieved by major household appliances. into the Army, but you did not remember the strong support it deserves when it the date, nor your Army serial number. A study was conducted for the Energy comes up following the summer recess. and Power Subcommittee to evaluate the Do you have any records that would show This legislation, which is among the feasibility of the average target con­ just where and when you were inducted? most carefully considered bills in recent Sixteenth. Your testimony was that tained in the provisions of a 25-percent memory, is essential to insure that the improvement in energy efficiency by 1980 you were inducted into the ~Y i~ consumer interest is properly represented Chungking, China. Col. Frank Milani, over the level achieved in 1974. This before and considered by the Federal study concludes that not only is such a adjutant general of the U.S. forces in the agencies when decisions are made effect­ China-Burma-India Theater during the target technologically feasible and cost ing the health, safety and well-being of effective but also, in fact, it might be war, has said that this is preposterous, consumers. since the Army did not induct people. made m~re stringent. I am inserting a Critics contend the Agency merely rep­ copy of this study into the REcoRD so That fun<:tion was performed by draft resents more government. But the truth boards and recruiting offices. In view of that the detailed technological justifica­ is that the Agency, which will be very tion for the target improvement for this, do you stick to your stor~ that you modest in size and unique in function, were inducted by the Army m Chung­ major household appliances is available represents better Government. It will to all Members: king? cost taxpayers about 10 cents each per Seventeenth. You testified that you TECHNICAL 0PPORTUNrriES FOB. IMPROVING THE year and has enormous potential for sav­ ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE NATION'S thought there was a brief period when ing each of us hundreds and even thou­ you served in the Quartermaster Corps. APPLIANCES sands of dollars. I. INTB.ODUCTION Where did you take basic training and The value of such an agency is aptly where were you then assigned? Appliances are defined here as Including summed up in an editorial from the July water heaters refrigerators, freezers, ranges, Eighteenth. You testified that you 21, 1975, issue of the Long Island Press: television sets, room a.lr conditioners, clothes served with the Stars and Stripes until "There is a clear need for a strong con­ dryers and washers, dishwashers and . -Y of you were mustered out in 1947. Gordon A. sumer voice at the top levels of Govern­ a. number of small appliances normally found Skean, general manager of Stars and ment. Business and industry have their in residential use. Excluded from this dis­ Stripes, stated in a letter dated July 6, high-paid lobbyists, but the consumer cussion are large appliances in the same 1967 that a search of their bound vol­ has only low-budget advocacy groups categories which are found prlmarlly in ume~ in 1945-46 turned up no mention the commercial sector, and large residential and such defenders as Ralph Nader." heating and cooling equipment such as fur­ of a JackNorthman Anderson. Mr. Skean Mr. Speaker, I am inserting the edi­ naces, central air conditioners, and heat also said that your name did not appear torial in full in the RECORD at this point: pumps. on their alumni roster. Just where did CONSUl\Ult PROTECTION BILL IN HOME STRETCH Appliances presently account for about you serve with the Stars and Stripes? After years of frustration proponents of 8% of total U.S. energy consumption. Elec­ Under whom did you serve? an independent federal consumer protection tricity and gas represent the dominant forms Nineteenth. What kind of discharge agency are keeping their fingers crossed. of energy required to operate appliances, did you receive and when was it dated? The bill to create such an agency passed with energy delivered in the form of elec­ Twentieth. Did you take advantage of "the Senate in May. after a. filibuster by tricity accounting for about 70% of all appli­ any veteran's benefits after your dis­ southern conservatives was broken. Then ance energy consumption. Only in the case charge? Were you ever covered by aNa­ the other da.y the House Government Opera­ of the New England and the Middle Atlantic tions Committee approved simllar legisla­ states does fuel oil and Uqulfied petroleum tional Service Life Insurance policy? tion by a 3-to-1 margin. gas account for some portion of water heater Twenty-first. The Salt Lake City street Approval in the tun House should not be fuel consumption, and for this appJiance address directory showed you to be liv­ a problem. Such bills have been passed sev­ it amounts to no more than 13% of total ing in Salt Lake City at 2173 Fardown eral times in recent years. and the new House energy for hot water heating. Avenue in 1940 and 1941, but not in 1942. makeup should mean an even greater mar­ Residential-type appliances are found pri­ You were again listed in the directory at gin of victory. It may be necessary. marily in the residential sector and account the same address in 1944 and 1946, years The biggest roadblock now is the White for about 82% of appliances energy consump­ House. President Ford has called a. consumer tion. However, they are used to some extent when you allegedly were with the Mer­ in the commercial sector also. Energy con­ Army. protection agency an unnecessary bureauc­ chant Ma1·ine -and serving in the racy and urged the bill's defeat. He has not sumption by the Na.tion's- residential appli­ How do you explain this? said he would veto it, but such action ances has been determined by the Federal Since Mr. Anderson has taken issue wouldn't be surprising. Energy Administration during the develop­ with my concern over matters of national There is a clear need for a. strong con­ ment of the Project Independence Report. security, many people--colleagues, con­ sumer voice at the top levels of government. Data on energy consumption, for the major stituents~ and the general public-have Business and industry have their high-paid energy-consuming appliances, are given lobbyists, but the consmner ha.s only low­ in Figure 1 below. This information comes communicated with me giving me their from the Final Task Force Report: "Residen­ support and raising questions of sub­ budget advocacy groups and such defenders as Ralph Nader. tial and Commercial Energy Use Patterns stance about Mr. Anderson's activities. The bill would not create a. new regula­ 197G-1990", November 1974 Volume 1. The Urilike Anderson, I am investigating tory agency. But the new agency would be da.ta have been corrected to give primary these in detail before bringing them able to intervene on the consum.er's behalf energy consumption, ;reflec.ting total energy either to the attention of my colleagues before alsttng agencies. That's a. fUJICtJon eonsmnption including electric power plant or to the public. which has been neglected far too lang. losses. They have- also been interpolated a.nd 25788 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKs July 29, 1975 extrapolated to on the basis of trends that jor appliances that lead to differences in by the condenser coils, as is already done in appear In the report cited above, to 1972 and energy conservation measures that will be some models. Some refrigerators already have 1974. Appliances are defined here to include effective in each case. resistance heater disable switches, called devices, usually purchased by individual con­ A. Water heaters. As is seen from Table 1. power saver switches; these might be in­ sumers and not Institutions, which are suit­ water heaters consume more energy per year cluded on all units. Manual defrost refriger­ able for residential use. than any other appliance. A priority oppor­ ators and freezers can be more conservative tunity for energy savings may thus be TABLE 1 of energy than automatic defrost units. Such larger than for any other appliance. units are superior to automatic defrost ap­ (Thousands of barrels per day eq uivalent) Hot water energy consumption might be pliances in both first and life cycle cost; reduced in two ways: by decreasing energy convenience is the factor that has nearly losses which occur within the water heating Primary energy driven manual defrost unlt..s out of the consumption appliance itself, and by making changes ln market. the ways hot water produced by the heater Technical improvements that result in re­ Appliance 1972 1974 is used. Of these two, by far the most prom­ duced energy consumption, decreased life ising energy conservation methods are those cycle cost, but possibly increased first cost which reduce hot water requirements at Water heaters: 445 include better insulation, better quaUty con­ Electric______412 620 point of end use. For example, typical overall trol in manufacture, and selection of su­ 574 efficiencies of both electric and gas water perior hardware including motors, compres­ FreezersRetri~~at'or:ire&iers:::::::::::::: •• ______-___ - ~rs ~r~~ heaters are low, 23% and 44% respectively, sors, condensers, heat exchangers and con­ when losses due to electricity generation and trol systems. Electric ______~ ------197 transmission, tank Insulation, pilot light and c. Ranges. There is some room for im­ ~-= 182m m flue, are taken into account. Redesign of the tele~~roriseiS::::::::::::::::::: 23o 236 water heater itself, in life-cycle cost effec­ provement in the efficiency of conventional Room air-conditioners______179 193 tive ways, offers a target for maximum in­ cooking ranges. The main design opportuni­ Clothes dryers______( ) 1 ~~ . (2ll) 1:; ties include simple improvement of the in­ Clothes washers 1______1 'l ( ) ( ) creased efficiency to about 26% for electric 1 193 sulation of ovens and the replacement of Dishwashers ------132 1 243155 (reduces fuel consumption by 12 %) and to Other appliances ______933 _ __~ the standing gas pilot light with electric about 62% for gas (reduces fuel consump­ igniters. Insulation improvements are limited TotaL______2, 916 3, 137 tion by 29%). ("Residential Water Heating: Fuel Conservation, Economics, and Public by economic factors and ventilation require­ ments. Savings of 10% for electric and 30% Policy", Rand Corporation Report prepared for gas ranges are possible. 1 The numbers given are for electrical consumpti~n ?nly. The for the National Science Foundation, R- total energy consumption, including hot water use, rs m paren­ 1498-NSF, May 1974). Both electric and gas Pilot lights use about. 30% of the gas con­ theses. water heater conservation opportunities are sumed by ranges. The permanently-on stand­ less than those due to modifying patterns of ing gas pilot light used with residential gas II. BENEFITS OF REDUCING APPLIANCES ENERGY appliances of all types, such as water heaters, CONSUMPTION usage, which are 50%. Taking short dura­ tion showers instead of full tub baths, the ranges, and clothes dryers, is estimated to One policy option for reducing the energy use from 15 to 20% of all natural gas con­ consumption of the Nation's appliances is use of devices to cut off sink hot water when the user steps away, setting water tempera­ sumed by those appliances. Substantial sav­ that of setting minimum efficiency standards ings are therefore realizable if the gas pilot for the major energy consuming one:S. This ture as low as possible, cold water launder­ ing, etc., will all cut consumption of hot light is replaced by alternative ignition sys­ option, together with others that mtght be tems. These devices are already in use by effective in decreasing the energy consumed water. t · . About 25 % of residential hot wa er 1s some American appliances, and are used by appliances, would have ad~itional benefits rather more widely in Europe. Their adop­ beyond sJ.mple energy reducttOn. estimated ~o go for clothes washing in homes that have clothes washers (about 71% in tion would permit direct savings for ranges About 70% of appliances energy consump­ -In• 1972). Another 5% goes ~or dishwasher use and clothes dryers, and would permit the tion is in the form of electricity, a fraction stallation of additional insulation on gas which is projected to grow to 80 % by 1990. !n homes that have this appliance (about 21% in 1972). Thus, technical improvements water heaters to save even more energy in This fraction is ~ased on projections of cur­ that appliance. rent patterns and does not allow for the in­ that reduce . hot water consumption in clothes and dishwashers will reduce energy New cooking devices such as microwave troduCtion of new major appliances; new ap­ ovens may have poten,tial for energy saVing~ pliances are expected· to be primarily electri­ consumption in water heaters. Energy saving benefits can be realized in for some cooking tasks. The price of this cal, and the figure could be ~ hf.ghe1· th~n 80%. appliance is declining at present. Possible Electricity is a special energy which has several ways: by reducing standby losses with smaller and better insUlated water energy savings by using microwave ovens a number of associated problems that ~e heaters, by reducing combustion losses, by should be examined. Conventional oven in.­ national in scope and which require plan~ung increasing heat transfer efficiencies in com­ sulation improvements that are cost effective over extraordinarily long periods of t1me. in the life cycle sense should be promoted. Conservation measures which result in re­ bustion heaters, by reducing connective air thermal losses, by setting hot water thermo­ D. Television Sets. This appliance is a sur­ duced appliance energy demand will affect prisingly large consumer of energy Vacuum electrioity requirements appreciably, and will stat settings at the lowest temperature ade­ quate to the application, and others. Al­ tube sets consume over twice the power of a thus have the following desirable results_: though better insulation of water heater comparable solid-state set, and are chosen 1. Reduced capital investment reqmre­ storage tanks results in higher first cost, life preferentially primarily because of first cost ments for facilities expansion. cycle cost savings can often be effected, par­ advantage that they enjoy. Instant on 2. Ameliorative environmental benefits as­ ticularly with rising energy prices. The op­ vacuum tube sets waste a great deal of en­ sociated with diminished requirements for portunities are smaller with present day ergy. Life cycle costs that include both the new fuel production, generation, and trans­ electric water heaters than with gas water cost of electricity consumed and serVicing mission facllities. heaters. Replacement of the standing gas costs are lower for most solid-state receivers, 3. Reduction in the pace at which funda­ pilot light in gas water heaters, with alterna­ on both counts. The normal barriers asso­ mental national policy decisions must be tive ignition devices that do not consume ciated with consumer reluctance to give full made about the most desirable mix of nu­ energy continuously may offer additional weight to life cycle cost considerations oper­ clear/solar/geothermal/fossil electric power energy savings. ~ ate here. It appears that the evaluation of generating facilities, about the best mix of teleVision technology is rapid, and substan­ deep mines versus strip mines for coal devel­ B. Refrigerators and Freezers. This appli­ ance class, though second 1n energy con· tial conversion away from vacuum tube sets opment, and about other energy deve~opment sumption to water heaters, represents the toward solid state sets, with a 50% energy questions of primary national significance. one that offers the largest potential for na­ savings opportunity, has already taken place. Room air conditioners. Policy making organs of government need tional energy savings as a result of imp~oved E. This appliance more time to assemble research results and design and efficiency within the appllance has been one of the strongest components to formulate national energy policy goals. Es­ itself. A target for energy conservation of of increased appliance energy usage in re-. pecially in view of the fact that selection of -about 50% of energy usage is possible and cent years, and is quite susceptible to pro­ major energy production options tend to might be realized by changes in manufactur­ grams in increased efficiency. For example, ing practice and appliance design that are room air conditioners commonly found on foreclose other options because of the large the market operate with energy efficiency. resources required and the long time sc~les cost-effectl ve in the life cycle sense. ("The Productivity of Servicing Consumer Durable ratings that range over nearly a factor of 3 involved, conservation measures are part lCtt• (J. c. Moyers, ORNL-NSF-EP-59, October _larly attractive. Products", MIT report to the National Science Foundation, CPA-74-4, 1974). ·1973). Many room air condittoners have no m. TECHNICAL ENERGY CONSERVATION Resistance heaters (mullion heaters) are switching device to cut off the fan when the , MEASURES ~ IN APPLIANCES used to prevent the accumulation of con­ compressor is off; doing so would cut energy The most appropriate energy conservat ion densed water on the outside surface of some consumption a little. Presently available measures vary ·!rom appllance to appliance refrigerators in case of high humidity. They room air conditioners, toward the top end and according to the fuel, electricity or gas. use more than 10%· of the ener~y consumed of the efficiency range, already use less than which powers the appliance. Here we dtscU88 by this appliance, and could be replaced by half the energy for the same delivered cool­ distinguishing attributes of each of the ma- a system that uses the waste heat rejected ing power than units at the bottom end of July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25789 the range. Strategies to change the market. ception of television sets. This appliance has and the consumer will ultimately pick mix of presently avall~ble units offer marked experienced a strong trend away from up the tab. potential for increasing the overall efficiencies vacuum tube sets toward those incorporat­ It is a strange perception indeed that of the Nation's room air ponditioners. Fur­ ing solid-state circuitry. :finds that older people, living on fixed ther technical improvements in electrical TABLE 2 incomes, are better equipped than the motor efficiency, in compressor efficiency, Energy efficiency improvement potential and in heat exchanger efficiency are all pos­ oil companies to deal with economic (1972 or 1974) troubles. sible. Appliance: An efficiency improvement targe.t of 25 % Water heaters: The article follows: over available 1972 units is life-cycle cost­ FORD REJECTS AGING UNIT'S MAIN ADVICE justified on a nat ionwide basis, and larger Errectric ------12 President Ford yesterday sent to Congress increments in efficiency are life-cycle cost­ Cias ------27 Refrigerator-freezers ------45 a report from the new Federal Council on justified in southern regions where annual Aging, but he rejected the advisory group's FTeezers ------40 operating hours are high. Finally, the tech­ Ranges: main recommendations and said the report nical measure of increasing fan motor effi­ "does not reflect administration policies." ciency, and providing for control of the fan Electric ------10 The 15-member council, headed by former Cias ------35 motor together with the compressor motor Television sets (30 for 1974} ------45 HEW Under Secretary Bertha. S. Adkins, was rather than operating it continuously, can Room air conditioners______25 created by Congress under a 1973 law, to provide another 5-10% efficiency improve­ Clothes dryers______10 advise the President and the Congress on ment. Clothes washers______10 programs rela.ted to special needs of older F. Clothes dryers. Gas dryers already in­ Dishwashers ------20 Americans. corporate electric igniters in a larger. fraction Other appliances ______In its report, the council said: "We con­ of manufactured units than for any other tinue to be distressed a.bout the apparent appliance. Some efficiency improvement is The energy-weighted average efficiency lack of consideration for the economic plight possible by manufacturer selection of more improvement target for all the named appli­ of the elderly as reflected in administra­ efficiency motors to drive both electric and ances in ·this list is 28 % with respect to 1972, tion proposals for the 1976 fiscal year. gas· dryers, and by improvement of control and 26 % with respect to 1974. "Cutbacks in :tederal money for soclal systems so that drying energy is consumed services for the elderly and ceilings on bene­ only when the clothes in the dryer still con­ fit programs financed from social insurance tain moisture. Finally, there are opportu­ trust funds are particularly burdensome to nities for recuperation of the heat content FORD REJECTS AGING UNIT'S this aged group. Many of their financial. of exhaust air that is presently wasted in MAIN ADVICE assets are tied to fixed sources while their moot dryers on the market-heat exchanger needs are m.obile. recovery devices can be used more widely to "We recommend that the President re­ pre-heat new dry air that enters the dryer. consider the serious effect of these fiscal lt is estimated that there is room for 10-15% HON. DAVID W. EVANS OF INDIANA proposals on the elderly of this nation With efficiency improvement, in life-cycle cost­ their urgent humanitarian needs." justified ways, for this appliance. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Ford, in a message to Congress ac­ G. Ctothes washers. Technical measures for Tuesday, July 29, 1975 companying the report, noted the council's increasing efficiency include modifications concern about the level of funding for pro­ that are possible to the geometry of the Mr. EVANS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, grams to assist the aged and said, "I sympa­ washer to minimize water consumption, hot a telling article appeared in the Wash­ thize with this concern." and cold, manufacturer selection of more ef­ ington Post on July 25. The headline "But I am determined to reduce the bur­ ficient electric motors, and development of den of infiation on our older citizens and control systems that shorten required cycle reads "Ford Rejects Aging Unit's Main Advice." that effort demands that government's operating time or reduce the need for hot spending be limited," the President said. water. Most of the energy consumed by this The Federal Council on Aging urged He called infiation "one of the cruelest appliance is in the hot water that it uses. that President Ford reconsider tJ.s budget and most perv·asive problems facing older Changes in the operating cycles to reduce the request for fiscal year 1976, which would Americans," and said a reduction of it use of hot water would thus weigh very im­ reduce funds for programs for America's "would be of particular benefit" to the portantly in reducing total clothes washer elderly. energy consumption. Wider use of cold water elderly by nearly $2 billion. However, detergents would also help enormously. President Ford has rejected the advice, H. Dishwashers. Changes in dishwasher claiming that while he sympathizes with HELPING WORLD'S POOR THROUGH geometry and control of the washing cycle the needs of older Americans, the Na­ FOREIGN AID can reduce energy consumption markedly. tion's elderly are going to have to be the Elimination of the automatic dry cycle, with combat troops in his fight against infla­ at least a provision for manual override, tion. HON. CLARENCE D. LONG would save the drying energy. A very large Nearly everyone has his or her own OJ' JIIARYLAND indirect energy demand is placed on the water heating systems by many dishwashers, theory on who the culprit is when it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES since the manufacturers recommend that comes to inflation. But the fact remains Tuesday, July 29, 1975 water be heated to 150°F at the water heater, that energy and food account for half in order to provide water that is hot enough of the projected 9 percent rate of infla­ Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, for the dishwasher. No other appliance in tion for this year. I bring to the attention of my colleagues the home requires water this hot, and thus Consequently, no battle against infla­ the statement I made before the Inter­ a very large portion of standby water heater tion is going to be very successful unless national Relations Committee on July losses are accounted for by the dishwasher. it addresses itself to these two sectors of 21, 1975, endorsing the proposed Inter­ Although direct energy consumption by the national Institute of Intermediate Tech­ dishwasher would go up in some cases by our economy. It seems to me to be just common­ nology as a hopeful new approach to providing for more booster heat, overall water helping the world's poor through foreign heating energy requirements might be sub­ sense that letting the price of domestic stantially reduced. It is estimated that a oil rise to $11.50 per barrel, from $5.25 aid. 10% improvement in efficiency is justified per ban.·el, is going to bring on a new STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE CLARENCE D. by changes that can be made on the aver­ round of inflation. Not only will gasoline LoKG age dishwasher in the manufacturing proc­ be higher at the pumps, but other petro­ Mr. Chairman and Members of the Com­ ess, apart from booster changes discussed leum products such as synthetic fibers, mittee: above. (U.S. Department of Commerce, Na­ plastics, et cetera are also going to have In the last three decades, the United States tional Bureau of Standards}. has sent abroad almost $90 bllllon in devel­ higher price tags. opment aid-not counting over $70 billion IV. SUMMARY OF EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT A windfall profits tax on the oil com­ TARGETS in Export-Import Bank loans, military aid panies which would accompany the price and credit sales, loan repayments (that have Table 2 below contains best current, and rise is not going to help the consumer, been used for additional aid without going conservative with respect to remarks in the into the Treasury), and other programs. paragraphs preceding, estimates of efficiency other than keep his blood pressure down at the thought of oil company profits. Other donors have provided substantial eco­ improvements that are technically feasible nomic aid. Unhappily, these large sums seem for the national mix of the product listed, High priced oil also has drastic effects to have sparked little progress for the masses in terms of the base year 1972. For almost on our ability to produce abundant, rea­ of the World's poor. all appliances, there has been no appreciable sonably priced food. The farmer who has Oftlcial GNP figures for the developing change in the energy efficiency characteris­ to pay more to run his machinery is go­ countries show a 3% annual per capita in­ tics of units produced in 1974, with the ex- ing to charge more at the marketplace, crease during the Sixties and 4.1% during 25790 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975

1968-73.1 ("Gross National Product Growth example of the best projects AID is now seem to lie 1n the opposition of powerful Rates and Trend Data," AID Statistics and formulating), the resulting requirement to vested interests: Reports Division, May 1, 1974, p. 1). But one begin to Improve the lives of the poor now ( 1) Development economists' "trickle­ can see at a glance in any city or village in living would be $300 billions-about 150 down" theories have assumed that if only the developing world that, except for a few times what can be forthcoming from the massive amounts of capital were applied to special enclaves, it is the urban middle classes U.S. annually in bilateral and multilateral developing countries, the benefits would and elite that have benefited, not the rural aid. "trickle-down" to the poor. Twenty years or urban poor. If we continue with policies that imply of experience to the contrary had to take The glacier-Uke growth for the Asian sub­ large capital inputs per person, we will not place to prove that the "trickle-down" ef­ continent, whose 750 million people con­ even be able to keep up with, much less catch fects have been disappointing. st itute the greatest concentration of misery up to, the problem of rur.a.l poverty. The (2) Heavy capital aid is profitable to po­ in the world, gives some clue to the failure World Bank estimates total net develop­ litically influential groups in the donor of development and foreign ald. No real ment aid in 1973 from all donors to have countries. priority has been given to helping the hun­ been about $10 billion. (Exact figure-$9.4 (3) Heavy capital aid is profitable to dreds of millions of small farmers improve billion, Official Development Assistance, Net powerful groups in the receiving nations. their productivity per acre, and population disbursements). At that rate, to begin to Ruling elites of the developing countries increases have soaked up much of what help the poor people presently living would welcome heavy capital investment because growth has occurred. Since 1950, the world's require 30 years. But, by that time, world of the money to be made on port develop­ population has increased by three-fifths, to population and the numbers of poor would ment, airport construction, dams, steel mills, over 4 blllions today. At the current 2.5 per­ have doubled. and siinilar projects. cent annual increase, world population will WHAT CAN BE DONE? As Dr. Schu1nacher relates, when he double in 28 years to 8 billions. Where will First, foreign aid must be much more broached the idea of intermediate technology the capital come from to endow the efforts of to Indian officials, "I was accused of being these added blllions of people? economical of capital. Second, aid capital that we do give must be an imperialist, a fascist, a racist, a beast, THE NEED FO!t CAPITAL IN DEVELOPING COUN• expected not to do the job by itself, but to who had come to India to keep the country TRIES: THE LIMITS ON AID initiate self-generating processes by which down and to withhold-as if I could with­ hold anything-the glories of modern tech­ The developing countries have not a~nassed people in developing countries produce the the capital to sustain growth for several great mass of their own future capital. nology." (Ernst F. Schumacher, "Intermedi­ reasons. Most of their people are poor and This leads to the essential question of how ate Technology," Center Magazine, Jan.-Feb. have little left over from the necessities of poor countries, which produce little above 1975, p. 43). everyday life. The few who do have a surplus their subsistence needs, ca.n be gotten to (4) Heavy capital aid is the only kind of are permitted by feeble or corrupt tax sys­ accumulate much capital on their own. The assistance most of the aid bureaucrats un­ tems to squander much of that surplus in­ answer lies in a reality which should be derstand. Our aid bureaucracies have not come on conspicuous consumption. And obvious, but is seldom recognized, or if rec­ been interested in intermediate technology their governments have dissipated resources ognized, is regarded as an obstacle-namely, because it would require totally different on military spending and on industrial proj­ the tremendous reserve of idle time of the kinds of aid organizations and aid personnel ects which add more to fancied prestige than average person in underdeveloped societies. with a totally different aid experience. Those to these nations' comparative economic Much of the year most of the people-es­ who are liable to be replaced by a new idea advantage. All the while the populations to pecially in the countryside-are doing little are rarely congenial to it. be equipped and educated keep proliferating. or nothing, for there is little for them to do These are the reasons why light capital The United States in contrast has enjoyed and little for them to do it with. technology has not caught on. The last rea­ large apparent "surpluses" of capital since There are of course times when everyone is son illuminates why the International In­ World War II, but these surpluses have been working in the fields-at planting and har­ stitute of Intermediate Technology which more apparent than real. vest time. At those times, labor can be scarce. you are proposing should be independent of Great sums have gone to military spending What is needed are the tools to break the AID. and to foreign ald. These and other disposi­ labor bottlenecks at peak times and the ma­ THE GOAL MUST BE A SELF-SUSTAINING PROCESS tions of capital have produced what can terials to enable poor people to convert idle OF CAPITAL GENERATION fairly be described as a current capital short­ hours into useful work. Our whole foreign aid program must age in the U.S., with the result that both The basis thesis of Marxism was that capi­ quickly embrace light capital technology as private and llOVernment borrowers are met tal is congealed labor-an idea which Marx the basis of development policy. with rising interest rates and denials of lifted from the conservative, classical, In the terms of foreign exchange so often credit for useful domestic projects and new Ricardian economists. Whereas neo-classical cited by development economists, the whole demands for capital have arisen as a result and modern econoinics see Marx's definition purpose of foreign aid should be to help of a growing awareness of our slums, Iniddle as an over-simplified view of capital, there is developing countries produce more exports, class housing needs, functional illiteracy, no question that labor can be used to make and to reduce their need for consumer im­ the physically and mentally handicapped, capital-with proper application of technol­ ports. In this way, countries can obtain the vast medical and health needs, mass transit ogy and some capital to make capital with. foreign exchange needed for capital. But requirements, problem, environmental and We know that labor is there, waiting to as aid has worked out, it has not reduced the plight of the aged. The capital needs to be applied. The brains are there. It Is possi­ foreign exchange dependency, but increased solve these and other problems promise to ble that the motivation is there also. What it. run into the hundreds of billions of dollars, is needed is the technology. Not sophisti­ The more foreign exchange poor countries even trillions of dollars. and will continue to cated technology embodied in heavy cap­ have received, the more dependent they have exert unbearable pressure on our capital sup­ ital; not priinitive technology; but some­ become. Much of the explanation for this plies at home. Sharp Increases in the price thing in betwean-tools and machines­ can be found in the uses to which this for­ of energy. population growth, and large im­ appropriate to the situation in the particular eign exchange has been put-to increase migration of illegal aliens can only exacerbate country at that time. luxury buying, to build roads to airports, the shortages. Traditional development economics has to raise the incomes of the well-to-do whose The conclusion should be obvious-that assumed that only large infusions of capital assets wind up in foreign banks. the capital available for foreign aid in the can harness idle time. But the work of Ernst RECOMMENDATIONS future will, if anything, be smaller, not Schumacher and others has shown that we Your proposal for an international In­ greater, than In the past. We shall be lucky can find new methods and simple tools that, stitute of Intermediate technology is ad­ to keep foreign economic aid at its cUITent at low investment cost, can utilize idle time mirable, as is the proposed language to Sec­ money levels. These limits on future aid cap­ to generate enormous real savings and cap­ tions 102-105 of the Foreign Assistance Act ital seem obvious to everyone but A.ID., ital. On any given day, there are hundreds which makes clear that foreign aid should despite the new policy directions called for of Inillions of idle people in the developing focus on improving the lives of the rural by this Committee in the 1973 Foreign As­ countries whose time, if put to productive poor. sistance Act. A.ID is not moving fast enough use. could be the source of a self-sustaining Several recominendations may be worthy to find a new foreign aid policy to adapt to process of capital generation in the under­ of your consideration. They have the aim these realities. developed world. of strengthening the International Institute Let me give an example, A.I.D.'s Latin The main purpose of embracing inter­ of Intermediate Technology that you are American bureau is proposing for fiscal year mediate or light capital technology, as I call proposing and of enhancing the role of light 1976 an $11 million small farmer production it, is not to save money or to deal ungen­ capital technology, as I call it, in U.S. and loan for El Salvador that is estimated to help erously with the poor but to use the liinited hopefully, world development policy. capital resources we have to increase the Recominendation.-The proposed Interna­ 11,000 fainilies-an average cost of $1,000 per number of poor people than can be helped. family in foreign aJ.d. tional Institute of Intermediate Technology If we take 1.5 billion as the number of poor WHY HAVEN'T WE USED INTERMEDIATE should be independent of AID: people in non-Communist developing coun­ TECHNOLOGY BEFORE? An independent Institute would institu­ tries and 1t the average family has 5 persons, The idea of intermediate technology seems tionalize light capital technology w1th1n our we have 300 mlllion poor families. At a cost reasonable enough, and it is not very new. aid bureaucracy in an organization free to of $1000 per family (and this project is an Why hasn't it caught on? The reasons would pursue its own goals. Despite lip service by July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25791 AID officials, it is far from clear that AID The rising cost of energy. This is the true spirit of Daddy King understands what intermediate technology is Lack of individual motivation. and all the things he symbolizes. The all about. The limited success so far of in­ The existence of political and economic steadfast will to keep on keeping on. termediate technology is doubtless owing in institutions, including price controls and Being true to his form, I am sure re­ part to the threat it poses to traditional aid heavy-handed bureaucracies, which suppress bureaucracies. the energies of people. Many of these prob­ tirement from the church will not mean Recommendation.-The Institute of Inter­ lems are outside our control. 1·esignation from the fight for human mediate Technology and the concept of light Indeed, the task may be too big to be rights. Daddy King is sure to continue his capital technology must be taken seriously solved. mission in life. It would be wise for all of by AID: But if we are to draw any lessons at all us to pause now and reflect on the man, First, I suggest Report language to the ef­ from the expensive education we have had his actions, his deeds, and his total com­ fect that the Committee expects AID to seri­ from $90 billions of foreign aid, they should mitment to life. Daddy King has scaled ously consider recommendations by the In­ be that heavy capital development has not stitute for including light capital technology done the job and that in any case the re­ innumerable mountaintops and con­ in AID projects. sources are not available to continue it. quered seemingly insurmountable obsta­ Second, I suggest language in the Bill or Something new has to be tried-namely, cles. Even now. after taking every blow the Report stating that AID should move a~ to generate economic growth from the un­ life has dealt him, the bitter and the rapidly as possible to use light capital tech­ tapped resources of poor nations themselves, sweet, he "ain't gon' let nobody turn him nologies in its grant and loan projects. with just enough infusion of capital and around." Recommendation.-The institutionaliza­ idea~ from outside to provide the catalyst. In order to gain a better understand­ tion of light-capital technology should be re­ Who knows how well intermediate tech­ ing of the man and a greater apprecia­ quired not only for our own foreign aid nology will work? bureaucracy but, above all, for the develop­ We won't know until we have really tried tion of his life, I submit the following ing countries: it. article taken from the Atlanta Constitu­ The essential feature of intermediate tech­ I congratulate this Committee for propos­ tion dated July 28, 1975: nology is that it is appropriate to the situa­ ing to take the first step. LAST EBENEZER SERMON AS PASTOR-DADDY tion of a particular country at a particular KING SAYS FAREWELL time. Many of the technical, social, and po­ (By Craig R. Hume) litical obstacles and problems will be unique It was Daddy King's last sermon as pastor to particular countries. of Ebenezer Baptist Church and the tears of Both the ruling elites of developing coun­ I DON'T HATE ANYBODY: A TRIBUTE the congregation fiowed freely. tries and powerful interests in donor coun­ TO REV. MARTIN LUTHER KING, " God will prepare Himself a lamb," Martin tries stand to profit from heavy capital in­ vestment. Those fighting for light capital SR. Luther King Sr. told 1,500 worshippers Sun­ technology and for the rural poor face pow­ day morning. Recounting the story of Abra­ erful opponents. Unless intermediate tech­ ham, the 78-year-old pastor said that the nology can gather sufficient support in the HON. ANDREW YOUNG future depends upon man's faith in God. developing nations, the idea will not succeed. "See, you have no choice when God tells you There must be set up Intermediate Technol­ OF GEORGIA to do something. You go ahead and do it." ogy Institutes (some of which already exist), IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dr. King said that Abraham was instructed by God to take his son up to the mountain champions of light-capital technology with­ Tuesday, July 29, 1975 in Planning Ministries and other bureauc­ and offer him as a sacrifice. And Abraham, racies, legislative support, and allies outside Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, thinking of the commandment, "Thou shalt government altogether. not commit murder," could not understand I wish to take this opportunity to bring God's order. I would suggest Report language stating to the attention of my distinguished col­ that in addition to the Institute of Inter­ But King said that Abraham placed his mediate Technology, AID will be asked to leagues the retirement of Rev. Martin faith in the Lord: "He'll make the way if you support with additional funds institutions Luther King, Sr., as pastor of Atlanta's have enough faith in him to believe in him." and groups in developing countries that can Ebenezer Baptist Church. Daddy King At the moment Abraham was ready to slash be counted on to work aggressively toward has served as an illustrious example of his son's throat, King said. God provided a the acceptance of intermediate technology. manhood, perseverance, and courage lamb for the sacrifice. Without institutionalization of the concept throughout the course of his 75 years. He "If giving my life means it's going to be of intermediate technology within the devel­ better for my children and my people, I will has rigidly battled the forces in Ameri­ give my life for them," he said. "I think I've oping countries a~ well as within the aid can society that would deny him his con­ agencies, the idea will not gather momentum. lived to see my sons-one of them at least­ Recommendation.-The U.S. Executive Di­ stitutional rights. He instilled the ideals give his life for his people." rectors of the multilateral development of peace, brotherhood, cooperation, and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the elder son banks should push the concept of light cap­ the basic tenets of the good of mankind, and former co-pastor of the church, was slain ital technology: into the man who changed the course of in April 1968 by an assassin's bullet while Appropriation requests for the multilateral 20th century America. Through his son's standing on the second-floor balcony of a development banks in FY 1976 are expected brilliant leadership, the forces that con­ Memphis motel. to be $1.1 billion, a figure comparable to trol this country began to respond to the The patriarch of the historic red-brick AID's request of $1.3 billion for FY 1976. church, which served as the fulcrum of the The U.S. Executive Directors of the multi­ conditions of abject poverty, segregation, civil rights movement in the 1960s, lost his lateral banks (especially of the Asian De­ and discrimination that the disinherited other son, the Rev. Adam Daniel King, 18 velopment Bank and the Inter-American masses of Americans were forced to deal months later. He drowned in a 1969 swim­ Bank) have promised to emphasize light with on a daily basis for well over 200 ming pool accident. capital teclmologles in their development aid. years. And the tragic legacy of Ebenezer Baptist Robert McNamara of the World Bank has in­ The King family is a tightly knit clan. Church did not end there. Daddy King's wife, dicated a similar assurance to me personally. Alberta Christine, was gunned down June 30, Daddy King has lived to see one son 1974 while playing the organ at a Sunday In order to help them obtain the support brutally murdered in the quest for God­ of their fellow Directors, it would be helpful, morning service as he watched helplessly. I believe, if this distinguished Committee given rights. His younger son died tragi~ "I don't mean to make this sad," King would incorporate Report language stating cally a scant 16 months later in a swim­ said as he recalled the bitter memories along that the U.S. Executive Directors, who con­ ming pool accident. Finally, in the sum­ with the happy moments. "It's not an occa­ stitute our major source of leverage on the mer of last year, his beloved wife and sion for sadness, it's an occasion for joy." multilateral development banks apart from partner for 49 years was taken from him The gray-haired preacher said, "It's no the funds we provide, should propose that in a brief barrage of gunfire in the sanc­ accident that my wife visited with me be­ significant resources from their respective tuary of the historic old brick church on tween midnight and morning. It was planned institutions go to aid projects using light that she would be here. And she is not far Auburn Avenue. Even in his most trying now, just close by through an open door." capital technologies. time of personal anguish, his shining CONCLUSION Dr. King, who pastored Ebenezer Baptist spirit shone through as a guiding light Church for 44 years, credited his success to In this statement, I do not mean that for the city, the Nation, and the world. the support of both his wife and mother. everything is likely to be solved by light As he stood in the sweltering pulpit that "I've made it up the hill; it hasn't been capital technology. Other obstacles compli­ easy," he said. "It's been sometimes up and Cl\te the efforts of the underdeveloped world summer afternoon, he proclaimed loud enough for the world to hear: sometimes down-but Mama, your son has tf) improve the lot of mankind. made it. And I'm going on. Unabated population explosion. I still don't hate any man. I'm not gonna "To my two sons who left me, I had such The arms race which the U.S. has done let anything get me down. The load is getting great anticipation that I would leave them little to discourage and much to speed up. too heavy, but I'm going to carry on. here, A. D., M. L., Daddy's made it." 25792 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 Then Rev. King excla.lmed, "Lord, I don't slstently presented entertainment at its rich, Emllio De Palma., Harold Brown, Jack know what more I must stand, but I know highest level. To a major degree, there­ Cousin, Frederick Tinsley. you'll see me through." Worshippers from more than a thousand fore, performances at Hollywood Bowl FLUTES miles away came to hear King's farewell ser­ are responsible for the tremendous es­ Roger Stevens, Co-Principal; Anne Diener mon as pastor. The Auburn Avenue church teem with which music lovers all over Giles, Co-Principal; Roland Moritz, Miles was packed and many wept openly. the world view our community. Zentner. "Speak: Lord, we follow Thee. We're goin' This summer, the Los Angeles Philhar­ PICCOLO on home," he sang. "I want everybody to hum monic will perfrom its 1,500th concert Miles Zentner. 1ihat just once more and reach for the hand at our country's most respected and OBOES of your neighbor." highly attended amphitheatre. The date Barbara Winters, Co-Principal; David Coretta Scott King, Rev. King's daughter­ of the 1,500th concert anniversary cele­ Weiss, Co-Principal; Donald Muggeridge, in-law entered the church as the choir was Robert Cowart. singing "How Firm the Foundation." Daddy bration will be Saturday, August 9, 1975, King, clad in a white robe, stood up to the when a capacity audience of over 17,000 ENGLISH HORN microphone and said, "Sing to the glory of will attend the Bowl to see and hear Robert Cowart. God, Oh yes, how :firm." pianist, Van Cliburn, as soloist with the CLARINETS Later in the service, emphasizing his com­ Philharmonic, conducted by Lukas Foss, Kalman Bloch, Co-Principal; Michele Zu­ mitment to education, Dr. King chipped in in an all-Beethoven program. kovsky, Co-Principal; Merritt Buxbaum; $5 when the offering was passed around for Franklyn Stokes. the United Negro College Fund. "I believe in It is important to make note of the education, I stand for it, I'm part of it," he fact that whenever the HollyWood Bowl BASS CLARINET said. "I didn't get as much as I wanted, but is faced by financial difficulties, public Franklyn Stokes. I'm determined that my children will." spirited citizens have always come to the E-FLAT CLARINET Dr. King announced his retirement in Jan­ rescue. In 1951, when the Bowl faced Merritt Buxbaum. uary, bringing to an end 71 years of service bankruptcy, the drive to keep the Bowl by the King family to Ebenezer Baptist open was headed by Mrs. Norman Chan­ BASSOONS Church. He became pastor of the church in dler, the same courageous, hard-working David Breidenthal, Co-Principal; Alan 1931, folloWing the pastorat e of his wife's Goodman, Co-Principal; Walter Ritchie, lady to whom we are indebted for south­ Frederic Dutton. father, the Rev. Adam Daniel Williams. Wil­ ern California's magnificent Music liams had been pastor for 37 years. CONTRABASSOON Succeeding Dr. King will be the Rev. Jo­ Center. seph L. Roberts, Jr., 39, who resigned as direc­ We are also fortunate that Ernest Frederic Dutton. tor of the Division of Corporate and School Fleischmann, general director of the Hol­ HORNS Missions of the General Executive Board of lywood Bowl, and executive director of Henry Sigismonti, Co-Principal; William the Presbyterian Church U.S. to take the post. the Los Angeles Philharmonic, has en­ Lane, Co-Principal; Ralph Pyle, George Price, Dr. Roberts was baptized in the Baptist abled the Bowl's attendance, critical ac­ Hyman Markowitz, Robert Watt. Church last January, after being approved as TRUMPETS pastor by a unanimous vote of the congre­ claim, and public support to grow to gation. He takes over Friday. levels never before achieved. Robert Dl Vall, Co-Principal; Thomas "He was never one too busy or too formal The Los Angeles Philharmonic, its Stevens, Co-Principal; Irving Bush, Mario to stop when he was prompted to do so, and music director, Zubin Mehta, Mrs. Nor­ Guarneri. recognize anybody. Everybody was equal in man Chandler, Ernest Fleischmann, the TROMBONES his sight," Roberts said. board of directors, the staff, all of the Byron Peebles, Co-Principal; Ralph Sauer, "This will not be the Sunday he is coming Co-Principal; Herbert Ausman, Jeffrey Rey­ dedicated volunteers who support the nolds. down. This just marks another phase of his orchestra and the bowl, and the County going on," the new pastor said. "He will not BASS TROMBONE be settling down and rusting out. He will be of Los Angeles-which maintains Holly­ Jeffrey Reynolds. leaVing to those of us who remain a legacy wood Bowl-all deserve the highest com­ TUBA that we are not worthy to fulfi.ll, but with mendation of this legislative body. Roger Bobo. God's help we will attempt to fulfi.ll." The names of Orchestra and staff, TIMPANI AND PERCUSSION Bowl staff, and SCS-HBA board follow: William Kraft, Co-Principal; Mitchell Los ANGELES PHn.HARMONIC ORCHESTRA Peters, Co-Principal; Walter Goodwin, Zubin Mehta, Music Director. Charles DeLancey. HOLLYWOOD BOWL, SUMMER HOME Sidney Harth, Associate Conductor. HARP OF THE LOS ANGELES PHTI..HAR­ FmST VIOLINS Stanley Chaloupka. MONIC Sidney Harth, Concertmaster; Glenn Dic­ PIANO terow, Associate Concertmaster; Irving Geller, Shibley Boyes. Assistant Concertmaster; David Frisina, Con­ LIBRARIAN HON. THOMAS M. REES certmaster Emeritus. James Dolan. OF CALIFORNIA Glenn Swan, Manuel Newman, Mark ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Kramer, Lily Mahler, Tze-Koong Wang, Haig Roy Tanabe. Tuesday, July 29, 1975 Balian, Charlotte Sax, Richard Leshin, Myrtle Beach, Robert Witte, William Heffernan, Al­ PERSONNEL MANAGER Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, we are all bert Karmazyn, Alexander Treger, Teresa Joseph Fishman. aware that, in times of international ten­ Harth. STAGE MANAGER sions and misunderstandings, music has SECOND VIOLINS George Coble. always had a major role in helping all Harold Dicterow, Principal; Jeanne Aiken, Co-principals share positions equally and people of the world to better commu­ Associate Principal; Robert Korda, Jack Goat­ are listed according to length of service in kin, Lori Ulanova, Fred Broders, Janet De­ the orchestra. nicate with one another. Music is the Lancey, Roy Tanabe, Barbara Durant, Wil­ true international language, understood liam Rankin, Clarence Schubring, Michael ADMINISTRATION by people of all colors, nationalities, and Nutt, Alex Bottero, Carlo Spiga, Olga. Balogh. Ernest Fleischmann, Executive Director. religions. This point is well proven by Richard Bass, Concerts Manager. VIOLAS Arthur Dewey, Controller. the tremendous success experienced by Jan Hlinka, Co-Principal; Alan de Veritch, the Los Angeles Philharmonic and its Jaye Rubanoff, Orchestra Manager. Co-Principal; Arthur Royval, Albert Falkove, Orrin Howard, Manager, Publications and music director, Zubin Mehta, on its re­ Irving Manning, Jerry Epstein, Sidney Fagatt, Promotion. cent 6-week European tour during which Murray Schwartz, Armand Roth, Charles Lor­ Rose Bardo, Season Tickets Manager. critics and audiences in Europe's capitals ton, David Stockhammer. Joan Boyett, Youth Activities Manager. of Vienna, Berlin, and London were CELLOS Arlene Hamlin, Group Sales Manager. thrilled by this virtuosic American En­ Daniel Rothmuller, Associate Principal; Jacqui Dunn, Administrative Assistant. semble· Nino Rosso, Assistant Principal; Edwin Donald Peterson, Box Office Treasurer. Hollywood Bowl is the summer home Geber, Howard Col!, Mary Louise Zeyen, Phyl­ Joella West, Advertising Manager. of this renowned Los Angeles Philhar­ lis Ross, Wladyslaw Przybyla, Gabriel Jellen, Joe Westmoreland, Minority Training Co­ monic Orchestra. Since the first concert Don Cole, Stephen Custer, Peter D. Snyder. ordinator. at Hollywood Bowl on July 11, 1922, the B.,SSES HOLLYWOOD BOWL PRODUCTION STAFF Bowl has been one of southern Califor­ Richard Kelley, Sr., Co-Principal; Dennis Superintendent of Operations: Patton S. nia's most valuable cultural assets. In the Trembly, Co-Principal; William Torello, Rich­ Moore. past 53 years, Hollywood Bowl has con- ard D. Kelley, Jr., Frank Granato, Arni Heide- Box Office Treasurer: Don Peterson. July 29, 1975 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 257~3 Supervisor, Information Service: Loretta ber of the Atlanta October League who tempts to co-opt rival Maoist Commu­ sum. first came to note for his involvement in nist groups. It r-.J.so reports an important Traffic Manager: E. Alyn Warren m. OL agitation around the Mead Paper Operations Foreman: Jack Auten. recent split between the OL and the Chief Ushers: Terry Sandell and Raoul Corp., strike in Atlanta in September Guardian, an "independent" weekly tab­ Pinno. 1972. Harris is now prominent in the At­ loid which states it, too, is working to Master Carpenter: George Coble. lanta Anti-Repression Coalition, which build a new Communist party-in the Master of Properties: William Wilson. is led by two Maoist Communist organi­ Guardian's own words: Master Electrician: Wllllam Sockollch. zations, the October League and the A new revolutionary political party, based Master Audio-Video: Frank Supak. Black Workers Congress. on the working class, armed with the science Assistant Electrician: Jerry Benane. Mary Joyce Johnson, 28, a practicing of Marxism-Leninism, committed to sociallsi Assistant Audio-Video: Raymond Bow. is revolution. Stage Manager: Mark Ferber. Atlanta attorney, who vice president of the National Lawyers Guild. Johnson, Among the organizations discussed in SOUTHERN CALIFORNXA SYMPHO:tiT-HOLLYWOOD who acted as master of ceremonies at the BOWL ASSOCIATION this report are the Congress of Afrikan fundraiser, spent 2 weeks in North Viet­ People, the Revolutionary Union, Black Board of directors 1974-75 nam and in Vietcong controlled areas Workers Congress-recently renamed the H. Russell Smith, Chairman of the Board. of the South in late October and early Revolutionar_y Workers Congress, the Mrs. George S. Behrendt, President. November 1974. She was one of four Thornton F. Bradshaw, First Vice Presi- Communist League, and the Puerto Riean dent. persons in a delegation sponsored by the Revolutionary Workers Organization. Lloyd E. Rigler, Vice President. International Association of Democratic In part, this internal October League Matthew w. Kanin, Vice President and Lawyers, an international Communist report reads: Treasurer. front to which both the National Lawyers In the last several months. many impor­ Mrs. Joan Palevsky, Vice President and Guild and the-North-Vietnamese tant developments have taken place in the Secretary. Lawyers Association belong. communist movement. The main ones have Herbert R. Bloch, Jr., Mrs. Richard Call, Don Luce, formerly coleader with Fred been: Edward w. Carter, z. Wayne Grlffi.n, Mrs. Branfman of the Indochina Resource 1. The emergence of open polemics be­ Chandler Harris, Fred L. Hartley, John F. Center, now executive director of Clergy tween the OL and The Guardian represent­ Hotchkis, Dr. Hart Isaacs, Bronislaw Kaper, ing a general heightening of the struggle Sanford Kaplan, Joseph B. Koep:fll, Frederick and Laity Concerned; both organizations against right opportunism within the new G. Larkin, Jr., Chauncey J. Medberry m, Dr. have diligently supported the cause of conrmunlst movement. Simon Ramo, William T. Sesnon, Jr., Rocco the Pathet Lao, Vietcong, and Khmer 2. The split in the Black Workers Con­ C. Sicfilano, Donn B. Tatum, Mrs. Thomas Rouge. gress-taking place primarily over the re­ Wachtell, Alan Wayte. The event was attended by some 130 jection on the part of the majority of that Life members people at an admission cost of $3 or $1.50 organization of the ultra-"left" sectarian­ for the unemployed. The funds raised Ism and dogmatism which has characterized Honorary Life Chairman of the Board: the BWC's line for the past two years. Mrs. Norman Chandler. were allegedly destined to go "to Indo­ 3. CAP's initiation of an "Electoral Strat­ President Emeritus: C. E. Toberman and china or to Medical Aid for Indochina." egy for '76" representing a rightist deviation Dr. Robert J. Bernard. The Medical Aid for Indochina organiza­ on building a new communist party. Honorary members tion was developed to provide logistical 4. The formation of the Revolutionary Jascha Heifetz, Danny Kaye, Gregor support for the North Vietnamese and Workers League (RWL)-a new all-Black Piatigorsky, and Meredith Willson. Vietcong. Marxist-Leninist organization built on the The contributions to the fundraiser basis of a merger of small collectives who from the aforementioned speakers were have their roots primarily in the Black Lib­ eration Movement. remarkable only for Mary Joyce John­ All of the above developments represent OCTOBER LEAGUE, MARXIST-LEN­ son's account of her experiences in North a heightening of the ideological struggle INIST: FACTION FIGHTS AND Vietnam which included passionate ex­ within the communist movement as well as PARTY BUILDING pressions of admiration for the women of a new focus to the struggle. With some a North Vietnamese antiaircraft team analysis, it can be seen that our perspective which shot down an American B-52. on the communist movement and the devel­ Following this meeting, which ended opments towards building a. new party have HON. LARRY McDO ALD been essentially correct. OF GEORGIA shortly after 10:30 p.m., I was handed internal documents of the October The report then proceeds to analyze IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVEs League which provide insight into details the October League's relationships with Tuesday, July 29, 1975 of the inner workings of the organiza­ a broad range of Maoist organizations in the United States: Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. tion. My colleaoaues will no doubt recall my The ultra-"left" trend within the US com­ Speaker, on Saturday, July 19, open and munist movement, represented by RU [Revo­ secret members of the October League, previous reports on the October League­ lutionary Union] and CLP [Communist Labor Marxist-Leninist, or OL*, traveled to June 17, 1975, E3255 and June 18, 1975, Party] has become Isolated in theory and Washington, D.C. from Georgia to at­ E3296-in which I quoted from OL docu­ practice. RU is in the midst of planning tend and participate in an "Indochina ments. No doubt they will also recall for its first party Congress, which will for­ Fundraiser" at the First Congregational that in those documents this revolution­ mally mark its consolidation around its neo­ Church, lOth and G Streets, NW. ary and totalitarian organization pro­ Trotskyist line. While RU still retains a claimed, ''our organization is out to over­ fairly large membership, its influence is Sponsors of the "Indochina Fund­ waning daily. This is reflected in the growing raiser" included the Baltimore October throw capitalism. Our members are cadre opposition to RU within the mass organlza.­ League chapter; a Washington, D.C. striving to become professional revolu­ tions-RSB [Revolutionary Student Bri­ front group, Friends of The Call, the tionaries," and describe the new Maoist gade], VVAW (Vietnam Veterans Against the "political newspaper" of the October Communist Party it was building as ••a War], etc. It is also notabie that on IWD League; the Baltimore African Liberation fighting party, a party of insurrection." [International Women's Da.y (March 8) ) and Support Committee, which works close­ Perhaps the most interesting October May Day, RU (where it did anything at all) League document of recent issue is are­ was unable to unite with any forces outside ly with the OL; and the Indochina Peace of itself, and equally unable to "mobilize Campaign, now renamed Fliends of the port by Eileen Klehr, a member of the the masses." Finally, the issuing of RU's Indochinese People. OL central Committee, entitled "State "Proposed Party Platform" points to its own Speakers included: of the Communist Movement." Klehr's recognition of its political isolation. Even Shedrach "Shad" Har-ris, 21, a mem- report is contained in an internal OL though the RU leadership did everything document, Spark No. 3, May-June 1975. possible to mask, and even in some cases to "water down" its line, their program has • Principal anagrams used in this report Spark is the October League publication the received almost no attention-except for most are: OL--October League; BWC-Black Work­ equivalent to Communist Party, people to label it "opportunist." ers Congress; RWQ-Revolut1onary Workers U.S.A.'s Party Affairs and the Socialist The CL [Communist League}, which ex­ Congress; CAP-congress of Afrlkan Peo­ Workers Party's Internal Discussion Bul­ perienced a short period of "being fashion­ ple; RU-Revolutionary Union; PRRWO-­ letin. able" last year has also become widely viewed Puerto Rican Revolutionary Workers Or­ Klehr's report frankly discussed the as an isolated sect. While maintaining their ganization. October League's struggles. with and at- neo-Trotskyite nne in theory, (as evidenced 25794 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 b y their newest "International Report" which After a close working 1·elationship dur­ with the OL have been subject to blatant openly attacks China and praises the Soviet ing 1973 and 1974, the October League sectarianism from the Guardian leadership. Union) , CL's practice has clearly shown has withdrawn all support nationally for • * * The Guardian has openly attacked the their right opportunist essence. In practice, the newspaper and its staff. October League in the pages of Its paper, they are hardly distinguishable from the distorted our position, and slandered the OL. CPUSA in their campaign around unemploy­ The result of the OL pullout can_b.e The Guardian has also openly attacked us in ment and the NAACP in their campaign seen in the fact that two former Guard­ the mass movements--including the Inter~ around busing. ian staffers are now off the masthead, national Women's Day Coalition in New York The repercussions of the two-year long Renee Blakkan and Rod Such, who has and the Puerto Rican Solidarltv Conference struggle against ultra-"leftism" led by the turned up, along with Atlanta October in Newark. • OL are still being felt. One such example League member Dave Simpson, on the * • • The Guardian supported the PSP­ is the current split in the RWC (now called staff of the Southern Conference Educa­ sponsored proposal to attend the Soviet the Revolutionary Worker's Congress). This tional Fund, SCEF, and its newspaper, Union-initiated Havana Conference in sup­ split, which resulted in the expUlsion of Don port of Puerto Rican independence. Again Williams, a known wrecker and splitter, is a Southern Patriot, in Louisville, Ky. they prettified the role of the Soviet Union positive development. The latest issue c?f THE It is also noted that the addresses and internationally. * • • Events initiated by COMMUNIST (not Don Williams' version) phone numbers of the Guardian's Boston, the OL, such as the Fred Hampton Contin­ and subsequent publication of MOVIN' ON Detroit, and Chicago bureaus have been gent in Boston, the Anti-Repres:i::n Day shows a clear rejection of an Ultra-"left" changed since the distribution of the Campaign, IWD, have been downplayed, dis­ line that had isolated the BWC [Black Work­ October League directive. torted or not covered by the Guardian. • • • er's Congress] from the communist move­ In her earlier "State of the Communist Towards this end, we have made the fol~ ment and the masses in general. Since the Movement" report, Eilene Klehr, re­ lowing c' : cisions: split occurred, liaison relations between the 1. The OL member presently working on OL and RWC have developed favorably and served special vitriol for the "centrist" the staff of The Guardian has resigned. [Rod local cooperation has also moved forward. line promulgated by Guardian executive Such and Renee Blakkan are out]. While the struggle in the BWC has moved editor Irwin Silber, whom she charges 2. All October League members presently them away from their past dogmatism and with "rightest deviation." But through­ working on Guardian Bureaus anywhere in sectarianism, it is still necessary to struggle out her diatribe, it is clear that the true the country writing for or distributing the with them to complete the break. • • * revolutionary error of the Gua:.·dian and papers are to resign. Our policy is to continue to develop our discussion with the RWC towards party the other rival Maoist groups is that they The split between the October League building on a national level and to actively do not submit meekly to October League and the Guardian, and the factionaliza­ encourage joint work locally. We do not have hegemony. For example: tion of some of the other Maoist groups liaison relations with the Don Williams fac­ "In the last Report on the Communist should be watched very closely. It will be tion (called the Worker's Congress); nor do Movement, we noted that the most common recalled that previously in instances of we have liaison relations with the group that form of rlghtest deviation on party building resigned led by Mike Hamlin (a small, po­ was federationism, i.e., downplaying politi­ revolutionary factionalization, supermil­ litically undefined group) . cal line, democratic centralism, etc., and itant cadres have been formed which While not as clear as the situation in the building the party as an "association" of have moved into active participation in BWC, the struggle against Ultra-"leftism" is individuals or "special interest" groups. terrorism and urban guerrilla warfare. also being felt in ATM and PRRWO (Puerto · For example, Irwin Silber, of 'l'hc Guardian, The examples of the Weather Under­ Rican Revolutionary Workers Organization], is actively trying to organize a national as­ ground Organization, a splinter from who in some cases, have expressed criticism sociation of "independent" collectives united Students for a Democratic Society; the of their own sectarianism and dogmatism, around Silber's centrist line and opposed to Black Liberation Army, which developed while at the same time retaining much of the genuine Marxist-Leninist trend. We this ultra-"leftism". These contradictions wholeheartedly oppose these efforts and from the Eldridge Cleaver faction of the are bound to develop further in coming should seek to expose them wherever we can. Black Panther Party; and the Symbi­ months. · This rightest influence can even be seen onese Liberation Army, an outgrowth of Finally, while it is clear that the main in the formation of the Revolutionary the terrorist Venceremos Organization, representatives of ultra-'leftism' have been Worker's League. Rather than pursuing or· itself a splinter from the Revolutionary isolated and discredited, neo-Trotskyism is ganizational unity with existing organiza­ Union, should suffice. not dead. It is continuing (and will con· tions, the former collective now in the RWL Let us encourage the House Judiciary tinue) to re-emerge in new forms and new decided to form a new organization based Committee, as well as the appropriate organizations. The latest example of this is along national lines as a prerequisite to party the Worker's Viewpoint group (formerly building. This has created another "center" Federal and local law enforcement agen­ Asian Study Group) which is based in New in our many-centered movement, and does cies to take cognizance of the dangers to York but has expanded to a few other cities. not reflect the growing trend of multi-na· American internal security posed by the They parrot the same phraseology as the tional unity, nor the burning need for this October League and these other Maoist other ultra-"leftists" have and they attack unity. groups. the OL with the same vigor. They are in the process of being exposed due to the contra­ But in Klehr's later directive, "On the dictions they show between their "leftist" Guardian," the level of hostility had CITY HALL OF BAY CITY, MICH., phrases on the one hand and their open reached an even higher pitch. Klehr ENTERED INTO NATIONAL REGIS­ conciliation to the revisionists on the other. wrote in part: TER OF HISTORIC PLACES In New York on both IWD and May Day, As you know, the relations between the OL Worker's Viewpoint played the role of the and The Guardian have changed significantly "loyal opposition" in the revisionist events, in recent weeks. In this letter, we will lay HON. BOB TRAXLER while at the same time, "uniting" with the out the political basis for this change** •. l\Iarxst-Leninist events. In the past, the OL and The Guardian have OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is not that Don Williams, now de­ had relatively close relations. While certain political differences have existed between us, Tuesday, July 29, 1975 nounced by the October League as a we have had a view of struggling bilaterally "known wrecker and splitter," was on around these differences and working to­ Mr.p TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, I am good terms with the OL for many months wards a higher level of unity. Over a year pleased to learn that the National Park until resistance to the OL "line" precip­ ago, The Guardian, which was engaged in Service has entered the City Hall of Bay itated a break. Williams, a leader of the a sharp struggle against the RU, asked the City, Mich., into the National Register of Black Workers Congress and Dodge Re­ OL if we could send one of our members to work on The Guardian staff to help con­ Historic Places. This magnificent and volutionary Union Movement, DRUM, in solidate and complete the anti-RU struggle, historic structure is unique in several Detroit, had been a featured speaker at and aid The Guardian in putting out and respects and I would like to share its the October League's November 1972, improving the paper. In the interest of story with my colleagues. Atlanta conference, "Communist Work unity, we agreed to this proposal. In addi­ In the 1890's, Bay City, Mich., was a in the Factories." tion, The Guardian asked the OL if we could thriving lumbering and shipbuilding In an additional polemic published in help in setting up Guardian Bureaus in cities center, a "boom town" that was the sec­ around the country, to write articles for the Spark No. 3, Eileen Klehr revealed that paper and aid in distribution. This we also ond largest city in the State at the time. the factional quarrel between her orga­ agreed to in word and practice. As civic pride grew, the residents decided nization and the Guardian has become But in recent months, the political dif­ to build a new city hall to reflect the an open break, with the OL clearly at­ ferences between the OL and The Guardian rapidly growing city's new prosperity. tempting to "smash" their rivals in the have widened. • • • The OL member and. other The city had grow so rapidly that it was Guardian. Guardian sta1I who have political agreement called a "second Chicago" at the time July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS. 25795 and residents wanted a city hall to match Marvin Perskie has se1-:ved his beloved problems o:f domestic minerals produc­ that image. · . country well. From- 1942-45 ·he served tion and ·supply. Started in 1895, the city hall is termed in the U.S. Marine Corps, while distin­ To acquaint my colleagues with the "one of the most impressive public build­ guishing himself by earn.ing a Silver Star, plight of small miners and prospectors, ings in the State" by the Michigan His­ Bronze Star, and Purple Heart during I am submitting for the REcoRD an edi­ tary Division of the Michigan Depart­ 32 months of combat in the South Pa­ torial of the California Mining Journal, ment of State. Completed 2 years later, cific. During the years 1945-50, he January 1975, authored by Richard V. a massive celebration was held to dedi­ served in the USMC Reserve, returned to Wyman, associate professor of engineer­ cate the building. Designed by two local active service as a combat officer in the ing, University of Nevada at Las Vegas: architects, Leverett A. Pratt and Walter Korean war, and was decorated with the THE RIGHT To PROSPECT Koeppe, the three-story building was Navy Commendation Medal Mr. Perskie (By Richard V. Wyman, PE, Ph.D.) constructed of large limestone, sand­ concluded his military service when he The prospector and small miner today find stone, and granite blocks in what the retired from the USMC Reserve as a themselves under attack by both public and Michigan History Division calls the lieutenant colonel in 1962. governmental agencies, even though few peo­ ''Richardsonian Romanesque" style, and A law career, begun by his graduation ple have done more for the development of patterned after designs by Henry H. from the University of Pennsylvania in the country. Largely the disfavor Is brought Richardson, the famous American archi­ 1948, is flourishing. The same courage about through public ignorance of the im­ earlier exhibited on the battlefield now portance of the mineral industry and through tect. a few sensational articles printed in recent The exterior of the city hall features proves its mettle as a prominent trial at­ years. a large stone arch over the front door torney who is not afraid to take on un­ Over the years, the Mining Law of 1872 has and has elaborate relief decorations on popular causes or speak his mind in de­ provided access to public lands for prospect­ the facade. It has a tiled roof and a 125- fense of country or fellowman. ing and has served well as a stimulus to the foot clock tower, from which the city of For all of these reasons, Mr. Speaker, I discovery of orebodies. It has several defects Saginaw can be seen more than 10 miles would like to share with my colleagues which have been corrected, and others which away. the work of Marvin Perskie, which so have not. This historical background of our present dilemma is little mown by the pub­ The inside features a three-story stair­ clearly shows the man and his love for lic. Failure of the general public to recognize well covered by a skylight. The stair rail­ America: what is possible and what is not, under the ings are elaborate cast iron with brass FOURTH OF JULY 1975 law, has led to much strident opposition. banisters and cast iron poles. The walls Two hundred years ago our new nation had For example, it is not possible to obtain land are covered with rich wooden panels and fought and acquitted itself admirably in for orchards, gas stations, hot dog stands, or the building contains several fireplaces. the battles of Lexington, Concord and what resort hotels by locating mining claims. Only The City Council chamber was origi­ is now known as Bunker Hill. The Continen­ mining uses are allowed. It is not possible nally three stories high with a dome, but tal Congress had designated George Wash­ to "purchase any land in the west for $2.50 ington to command the armies of the United per acre" as an article in Reader's Digest the ceiling was lowered to one story States. T'.ne American Revolution had begun, indicated. Neither are prospectors "ravaging sometime after World War I. The build­ :~.nd with it had been born our intense love the west." If there is any ravaging going on, ing also contains a two-story library with and desire for freedom. it is most likely for a housing tract. a skylight and the mezzanine sur­ In the 200 intervening years, our nation Public opposition to mining has in recent rounded by an elaborate cast iron rail­ has fought six major wars, two on American years prevented rational revision of the law, ing. The ceiling of this room was also soil; one a bloody civil war. We have sur­ helping to reinforce a bad public image. lowered to one-story shortly after the vived countless catastrophies, tragedies and Needed changes In the law have not been economic setbacks. Within the last year we made, and it Is very difficult in most states library was moved to a separate building. have weathered a constitutional crisis and to ascertain the validity or even the existence The cast iron railings are similar to witnessed the collapse and defeat of our Far of conflicting mining claims. Laws to correct those in the famous "Rookery" building East policy. Despite all of this, our nation this situation should receive support by the in Chicago, according to the Michigan remains the strongest and freest in the prospector as well as major mining com­ History Division. Built at a cost of $175,- world. With all our failures, all our stum­ panies. 000, an enormous sum in the 1890s, the blings, all our injustices, all our defects, we MINERAL LEASING expenditure nearly drained the city's remain a· haven for the oppressed. For every The Mineral Leasing Act mainly covers sa­ one of our defects, we have untold virtues; lines, coal, oil shale, and geothermal re­ treasury, but has become a symbol of the for every failure we have many more victo­ city. sources. Its administration in recent years ries. For every vice we have a thousand glo­ by the Bw·eau of Land Management should The history division has i...'lformed me ries, and for every trial and test we have be a warning to all to prevent this system that there are several more structures in the abllity and the wherewithal to triumph. from being extended to hard rock minerals. the vicinity which are of equal historical We have our enemies at home and abroad, There are two general methods of obtain­ value and interest. I am pleased that the yet the best way to get ahead of our enemies ing mineral leases: prospecting permits or U.S. Government sponsors a loan grant is to get behind and remain behind our direct competitive bidding. Prospecting per­ program to historical sites so that they country and its beloved Institutions. mits presumably allow access to search for may be maintained providing everyone minerals with the right to a preferential lease upon discovery of minerals covered by an opportunity to view the important cul­ the permit. Bidding has in the past been tural mementos of America's past. THE RIGHT TO PROSPECT done only for leases to known reserves. Cur­ Mr. Speaker, I cordially invite you and rently the BLM has cancelled all coal pros­ my colleagues to view the City Hall in pecting permits and is falling to act on oth­ Bay City, Mich., the next time you are in ers, preferring to sell even the prospecting the vicinity. This national historic site HON. JIM SANTINI right to the highest bidder, acts of Congress is located at 301 Washington Avenue in OF NEVADA notwithstanding. I " THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA'I'IVES The lack of development in geothermal re­ the heart of Bay City. sources, oil shale, western coal fields, borax, Tuesday, July 29, 1975 and mineral fertilizers can be laid directly Mr. SANTINI. Mr. Speaker, I should to this policy of the Bureau of Land Man­ FOURTH OF JULY 1975 agement. The Bureau's apparent aim is total like to draw the attention of the Con­ control of mineral resources without rec­ gress to the problems confronting ognizing congressional authority, with only HON. WILLIAM J. HUGHES America's small miners and prospectors, the well financed large companies to be al­ OF NEW JERSEY and through them, confronting the lowed participation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATnTES health o:f America's minerals industries CmCUMVENTION OF CONGRESS and ultimately America's economic well­ Congress has been circumvented over the Tuesday, July 29, i975 being. years by the established bureaucracy, which Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, Marvin D. Certain problems have their origins in now has grown insensitive to the public as Perskie of Wildwood, N.J., was inspired the actions of the Congress and the ex­ well. The mining laws and mineral leasing acts are the only means of access to min­ by the recent celebration of the !99th ecutive branch. Committees in both eral development. There are no other laws anniversary of the United States to ex­ Houses of the Congress are considering and no other means for providing the raw press his thoughts on this great Nation. drastic changes in the basic mining laws materials required for this country. Support I was struck by the simplistic beauty of this country, changes which very likely of the law would seem to be required by an and essential truths of his composition. would aggravate the already serious arm of the government, which should be 25796 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 carrying out the will of Congress rather than Some encouragement may be gained by the this session, I offer the following insight­ cll·cumventing it. many prosecutors who turned out to hear· The mining interests, particularly the ings on Death Valley, the Sheep Range, and ful discussion of the Pentagon's Diego small mining company and individual pros· Las Vegas ranges. These withdrawals have at Garcia strategy. I would also like to call pectora, now face a three-fold challenge from least been delayed, However, harassment may special attention to the discussion of the their government: · be expected to increase as a result. AWACS strategy under the section "The 1) Harassment and challenge of claim own· Shifting Rationale." The article is taken ers. (2) Failure to a.ct on patent or prospect­ THREAT TO ECONOMY Advocates of withdrawal claim that in a from the July 26, 1975, Americans for ing permit applications. 3) Withdrawal of Democratic Action Legislative Newslet­ access to all areas for future mineral dis· national emergency, these lands can be re· coveries. opened. The gap of 5 to 10 years between ter. Harassment is through challenge to claims exploration and production would make this Hopefully the lessons of this account­ on technical grounds, when the law is vague a futile gesture. We are already in an emer­ ing will alert Members to the pressures and court interpretations shed no light. gency even while these massive withdrawals of sophisticated Pentagon lobbying tech­ Harassment is through denial of access to are being proposed. niques when they are applied to future existing valid mining claims. By cutting off the right to search for ore, defense bills. The article follows: we will even~ually end the mining of ores Failure to act on applications for patent PENTAGON TACTICS: A CASE HISTORY is sometimes through technical grounds never in the United States. This will eliminate the before applied, such as requiring profitable economic base of the nation and make' us Frustrated in attempts· in recent years to production prior to patent. However, if all totally dependent on foreign supplies at all construct a major base on a small atoll in else is in order, simple failure to .act will times. We have partial dependency on foreign the Indian Ocean, the Pentagon has resorted be the result as the application becomes ad· supplies in the case of oil. Soon iron, copper to a series of time-tested tactics which ap­ ministratively dead. Applications for pros· and all other metals would be in the 8ame parently have converted some Members of pecting permits have been totally ignored. category. Congress. If the Pentagon succeeds, the Extensions to existing leases are ignored or The damage to the nation through foreign United States will have made a major modi­ denied in a similar manner regardless of the dependence is further aggravated by increas­ fication cf its foreign policy-a step dictated, clear intent of Congress to allow continuing ing the trade deficit, weakening the dollar, once again, by the military. economic recovery of mineral wealth in the increasing inflation, and vastly increasing The major test vote on whether to expand interest of the nation. unemployment. Damage to the mineral in­ present limited facilities on Diego Garcia Withdrawal of access is currently in prog­ dustry will be spread to all manufacturing, will come shortly in the Senate when it votes ress in a massive campaign to prevent fu­ trade, and tourism as the economy declines. on a resolution submitted by Majority Lead­ tm·e mining claims or access to public lands. WHAT CAN BE DONE? er Mike Mansfield (D-Mont.) to block con· In the past six months the BLM, Forest Attend public hearings when they are held. struction. To defeat the resolution, and give Service and Park Service have proposed with· shape and substance to a long-time dream, You cannot afford to be too busy. Speak up the Department of Dafense has employed its drawals affecting almost the entire area of with rational arguments and don't be bullied Clark County, Nevada. Surely we are not full arsenal of techniques which have proved by the large number of the opposition. Don't so successful in the past: alone as similar hearings on "Land Planning" allow witnesses to confuse the issue by ref· are being held elsewhere. erence to strip mining in Ohio, air pollution 1. The Red Scare: We gotta do it because Planning apparently means "Stop Min­ the Russians are doing it. in New York or protecting the Bald Eagle. 2. The Shifting Rationale: Keep the oppo· ing" to large numbers of people. That this The issue is the right to search for minerals attitude developed is deplorable. If it con· sition off balance; change the justification and to own what you find. each year. tinues, it will lead the nation to economi.c Don't agree to withdraw your protest in disaster. · 3. The Hint: Tell Congress that we need exchange for a minor concession. Send cop· the base for special but unspecified reasons; TESTIMONY AT PUBLIC HEARINGS ies of written ·testimony to your Congress· never say it' for publication. Pnblic hearings have been held . in each man, both Senators, any Eastern Congress­ 4. The Opening Wedge: Begin in a small case of proposed .withdrawal, but one single man you may know, your BLM state office, :way; it•s easier for Congress to swallow a 11earing may affect over 5,000 square miles and Secretary of Interior. - little at a time. of public'lands. All of the objectives which are being pre· 5. Sneak lt Through on a Supplemental Participation at hearings was· very early sented as reasons for withdrawal can be Appropriation: This tactic failed last year dominated by groups representing· "environ· achieved without withdrawal. Not one single when the Pentagon tried to put $29 million mental concern" who would crowd the regis· valid argument has yet appeared for . with· for Diego Garcia into a supplemental appro­ ter with members, with no apparent weight drawal. priation bill. The future of the nation depends on the given to the duplication or rationale of argu· BACKGROUND right to prospect. Without this continued ment. The agency recommended withdrawal, The United States maintains major naval noting public "demand." In some ·cases, access to public lands, the future of tne nation will be bleak indeed. task forces in the Atlantic, Pacific and Medi· traveling groups testified, particularly the terranean. One major body of water~the Sierra Club of Scottsdale, Arizona. Indian Ocean-does not have any major U.S. Testimony at hearings describe every rock, military presence, a vacuum that sets the stick, bush, or ant hill as being of immeas· military teeth on edge. The Indian Ocean urable scenic and ecological value; and all PENTAGON TACTICS: A CASE touches the eastern half of Africa, including living things become endangered species. The HISTORY Ethiopia and Tanzania, the Persian Gulf testimony of dozens of people who never have countries, including Saudi Arabia and Iran, seen any part of the area in question far South Asian countries like India and Paki­ outweigh the occasional prospector who is stan, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Aus­ branded as a "spokesman for large mining HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER tralia. interests." Scores are kept and percentages OJ' COLORADO The British were predominant in this announced by advocates. ocean and in many of these countries for A particularly devious method of the BU· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years, but Britain has J,>een withdrawing reau is to neutralize the opposition· by the ·Tuesday, July 29, 1975 from the region and now its presence is quite divide and conquer techni'que. This is sim­ limited, while both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. ply done by isolating the opposttion. If an Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I have exercised restraint in their deployment area to be withdrawn contains a substantial would like to express my disappointment in the area. Since 1948 the U.S. has main­ existing mining operation, or even a small at yesterday's Senate and House failures tained a modest force-a flagship based at mine, the boundary of the withdrawal will to disapprove the administratton's re­ Bahrain and two destroyers which make be modified to exclude these and eliminate quest to expand the current U.S. base periodic port calls. Soviet naval forces did opposition at the hearing. facilities on the Indian Ocean island of not enter the area at all until 1968 and still Grazing interests are not prohibited in are relatively small-. original proposals to prevent opposition dur­ Diego Garcia. The $108 million expan­ Since the 1950s the Navy has been seeking ing hearings. After the withdrawal, grazing sion of the facility can now proceed. ways to change this modest great power in­ can be ended by decree. The Diego Garcia expansion should be volvement. It looked for a potential base in Hearing notice and place of meeting may attributed to the successful lobbying and the region, and finally settled on an atoll be a closely held secret or selectively released. ·scare tactics employed by the program's in the middle of nowhere. Diego Garcia-an In some cases this results in no mining in· proponents, rather than to the merits of elongated horseshoe with a 40-mile perime· terests being represented at the heariil.g at the base expansion itself. However, these ter-is 1,000 miles from the southern tip of all. In some cases deliberately false infortna. tactics are not unique to this issue. De· India, 2,000 miles from Africa and 2,400 miles tion or half truths are presented by a bureau from Bangkok. Its 6,700 acres have an aver· which are countered by testimony at the fense issues change from bill to bill but age elevation of three to seven feet. The atoll public hearing. However, the record stands the Pentagon's tactics remain with us. encloses a lagoon five and a half miles wide as presented by the bureau, as the public Since Diego Garcia is not the last de· and 13 miles long. record is never touched by verbal testimony. fense issue Congress will be considering It may not be much, but it floats. It has July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25797 no indigenous population. The British ex­ policy might be to seek an agreement under the OPEC countries from imposing another ercise sovereignty over the island. It is a. way which both sides would iforego military bases embargo. Nor was there demonstrated any to establish a permanent U.S. mili~ary pres­ in the area. The chances for agreement to threat to the sea lanes through which the ence. The British were _wllling to go along, limit arms in the area are much greater while oil shipments passed. and signed an Executiye Agreement in 196~ both sides have only small deployments Then came the moves toward some peace­ · without congressional review-granting the there; once both sides escalate their interest, ful steps in t he Middle East, steps which led U.S. base rights for 50 years with an option the chances for agreement will diminish. to a partial Egyptian-Israeli disengagement to renew for 20 years. · Schlesinger, however, had diverted the and plans to reopen the Suez Canal. The Congress from the important issues. Congress Pentagon immediately saw a severe threat THE RUSSIANS ARE COMING used the July 4th recess to send study trips from Soviet ships being able to pass through The base has encountered considerable to Berbera for an investigation; the conser­ the Canal from the Mediterranean to the opposition since its inception. 0;0e Secretary vative Sen. Dewey Bartlett (R-Okla.) led a Indian Ocean, despite the irony of the U.S. of Defense rejected the' idea only to have Senate trip, and the equally conservative doing most of the mine-clearing work in the another Pentagon ·administration approve it Rep. Sam Stratton (D-N.Y.) led the House Suez. Military experts said the Soviets would a second time around. A Senate committee Members. The study trips naturally found be foolhardy to depend on the Suez Canal, a blocked the original proposal in 1969, but considerable evidence of Soviet activity at passageway easily subject to blockage, for then approved a modified version in 1970. the port, but they, like Schlesinger, could transit of their ship3 in a crisis. Funds to vastly expand the base have been not tell whether the faclllties will become .a With the base request struggling, the Pen­ held up for about a year and a half. major Soviet base or who will control the tagon turned to a vast array of frightening Faced with this rough reception for Diego area. Indeed, as a New York Times corre­ Soviet bases in the region. There was the Garcia, Defense Secretary James Schlesinger spondent wr:ote from So:maua, "Both jour­ Island of Socotra. There was Umm Qasr, Iraq; provedas ~lick as past secretaries in trotting nalists and U.S. officials shared the view that and Aden; and Mogadiscio; and a permanent out "The Red Scare." Each year as Congress top-Pentagon civilian officials may have over­ mooring in the Chagos Archipelago; and on considers the military budget, some new stated their case during recent congressional Mauritius; and Berbera, Somalia. Members alarming ·Soviet weapons development--a hearings." of Congress picked up this theme. During a giant missile test, a new Soviet ship, an ad­ THE SHIFTING RATIONALE debate on Diego Garcia last year, Stratton­ a man not noted for accuracy-posted a large vanced Soviet submarine-is leaked to the Another .DOD tactic is to shift the argu­ press. Former Defense · Secretary Melvin chart on the House fioor with big red ham­ ment. Eventually· the Pentagon finds a win­ mers and sickles indicating Soviet bases in Laird was especially adept at this game. ing formula. The AWACS project for an Air­ On June 10, Schlesinger testified before the area. Two months later, Sen. Stuart Sy­ borne Warning and Control System aircraft mington (D-Mo.) effectively elicited C.I.A. the Senate Armed Services Committee. After is a prime example of a weapons system that a brief defense of the base proposal, Schles­ Director William Colby's opinion about the has gone through a variety of rationales until bases. Colby minimized most of the possibili­ inger dropped his headl_ine grabber: The DOD found one acceptable to a majority in Soviets are building major military jacilitjes ties. He called Socotra "a bare island ... n o Congress. port facilities or fuel storage." He called · at Berbera, a port of Somalia in Africa. A similar shift of reasons has occurred Schlesinger began, "Since the question has Umm Qasr a "so-called port." Aden: "The with Diego Garcia. DOD is now emphasizing Soviets have not used it very much." And been raised about the ongoing activities at the Soviet presence in the Indian Ocean; yet the Port of Berbera, I have here some photos soon. it has been trying to get the base for years, With most of these base possibilities shot and charts which should illustrate for you well before the Soviets even got into the the source of our concern." The question down by the C.I.A., the Pentagon has turned ocean. In fact, the idea of constructing a to Berbera. And there it may have found it­ had been raised-by the Pentagon. base at Diego Garcia first was discussed in Conveniently timed, the Pentagon had self a rationale that is taking hold, if Con­ the Navy as early as the 1950s. We signed a gress can forget the previous arguments. sent high altitude reconnaissance flights base agreement with Great Britain in 1966, over the activity to provide lots of grainy two years before Soviet naval forces entered THE HINT photos for Senate Committee-and the the region. But the Soviet presence, while Another Pentagon tactic is the subtle · press--consumption. The press helpfully still very limited, has become the latest and hint dropped in a backgrounder or a private headlined the new Soviet "base" at Berbera, most convenient excuse for the base. session that may be used by its allies but and attention was focused on the Soviet At the height of the Vietnam war, in 1967, never attributed to the Pentagon. The use of Union instead of the proposed U.S. base at the Navy and the Joint Chiefs justified the Diego Garcia to resupply Israel in the event Diego Garcia. . base to the Secretary of Defense because of of another war in the Middle East is a classic There was evidence. that Schlesinger ex­ its potential use in the war. Dr. Earl Ravena!, example of this technique. aggerated Soviet activities, but the net effect formerly in Systems Analysis in the Defense A relationship between the base and was to divert attention from the real ques­ Department, tesified last year that "the main Israel's security has been hinted, wit4out tions: Does increased Soviet presence in the thrust was to create an oiling station for any firm DOD confirmation or denial. The Indian Ocean require a U.S. response? Is carrier task forces transiting from Norfolk, ubiquitous Stratton played heavily on this increased U.S. naval power the best way to Virginia, to battle stations oft' Vietnam." theme during House debate on Diego Garcia. exert U.S. influence in the area? What can The Secretary of Defense originally re­ Yet when pressed, Administration witnesses be accomplished by a few ships "showfug the jected the base proposal, because of the finally, if vaguely, will admit that the base flag" during a crisis? Why can't the U.S. island's remoteness, the likelihood of a so­ would be of little use in the defense or re­ project naval power into the Indian Ocean, viet-American arms race in the area, and supply of Israel. Sen. John Culver (D-La.) as ' it does now, without constructipg the the llmited effectiveness of such a base. With pressed a. State Department official on this base? Are the Soviets themselv:es "showing opposition from that' quarter, the Navy jet­ subject in a June 10 hearing. The official the flag" in the region, or is there some di­ tisoned its idea for a multi-purpose base and finally admitted, "I do not think Diego rect threat to the U.S.? would the new base instead requested a more limited communi­ Garcia has a particular role to play" in the be a. reversion to the u.s. role as world cations facility. The new rationale for this defense of Israel. policeman? · base was that eventually the U.S. would have Last year Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Perhaps an even more important issue is to withdraw from its large communications Elmo Zumwalt was questioned closely by the race which will result if the U.S. pur­ facllity at Asmara, Ethiopia. Rep. Lee Hamilton (D-Ind.) on the use of sues the base at Diego Garcia as the Sov:iet The Pentagon was also interested because . Diego Garcia to resupply or reinforce Israel. Union tries to match whatever the U.S. does of the January 1968 British announcement Zumwalt, after hedging, finally said: "One in that region. On July 11, 1974, C.I.A. Di­ of withdrawal from Singapore and the likeli­ can visualize in theory that naval forces rector William Colby testified before the Sen­ hood t_hat England would reduce its Indian might have to reinforce Israel up the Red Sea ate Armed Services Military Construction Ocean squadron. At that tjme the U.S. Navy . in which event the logistic support in Diego Subcommittee on the likely Soviet reaction told the Senate Appropriations Committee, Garcia would enhance your capability to get to increased U.S. naval activities in the area: "An austere logistic support activity has be­ . there. But that is rather remote, I think." "I think our assessment is that the Soviets come necessary to insure Navy readiness in Despite cold water dumped on any rela­ would match any increase i_I;l our presence in the South Atlantic, Indian and Western tionship between Israel and Diego Garcia, that area." Colby already had told the Sen­ Pacific Oceans. Access to ports for bunkering some Members of Congress still perceive a ators "The Soviet leaders have shown that and resupply has diminished." connection and are using Israel as their they will maintain a naval presence in the The Secretary of Defense and Congress excuse for supporting the base. ocean at least equa~ to, if not greater than, finally approved a very limited facility, but A TOE IN THE DOOR that of the U.S. Navy." Colby also added the Navy still, hungere~ for a larger base. The The Pentagon frequency starts with a that Soviet deploymei;ltS in the region, which 1973 Arab-Israeli war, the oil embargo, and have increased somewhat in past years, "have the increased importance of Middle Eastern small request, to make sure that Congress been highly responsive to U.S. naval oil gave rise to a. new excuse for the base. buys the proposal. After the initial sale to a ::tivities." So the Navy made a new request for an ex­ Congress, further sales becomes much easier. In. short, the U.S. would build a major base panded base that could be used to refuel Most weapons systems start very small, in re­ Rt Diego_Garcia because of alleged Soviet ac­ ships or airplanes. Now we needed the ex­ search and development status, until Con­ t ivities; the U.S.S.R. would furt}?.~r increase panded base to protect the vital oil supplies gress has invested more money the.n it is its forces, giving the U.S. Navy an excuse to flowing through the region, although it was willing to lose. expand its presence again. A better U.S. never explained how a few ship could stop The Pentagon used a similar tactic to 25798 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 win a small opening wedge in the Indian ment of State in regard to the Garrison Canadian government, the Canadian press Ocean with larger projects added as time Diversion project in North Dakota. or other segments of the Canadian public? went on. As earlier mentioned, the first On June 20 I wrote to Secretary Henry (5) Do you consider lt appropriate for an­ formal proposal to reach the Secretary of other federal agency to take actions affecting Defense in 1967 called for a large, multi­ Kissinger asking for a clarification of foreign relations without disclosure of the purpose base. After that proposal was re­ the Department's position on the Garri­ facts to the Department of State? jected, the Navy came back with a stripped­ son Diversion project vis-a-vis the Ca­ (6) When did the Canadian government down version calling for only an "austere nadian Government's objections to the first request a moratorium on the Garrison naval communicatio:lS" facility. continuation of the project as presently project? Have you informed the Appropria­ Congress approved the first increment of planned. tions Committee of the Canadian's protests funds for the facility in December 1970 after I offered a floor amendment to the and their position? If so, when? repeated Administration assurances that fiscal year 1976 public works appropria­ (7) In testifying on the Garrison project there were no plans for a larger base. With before the House Appropriations Commit­ that money in hand-a modest $5.4 million­ tions bill on June 24 which sought to tee in March, 1975, Bureau of Reclamation the Navy was on its way. In fact, Congress defer funding for construction and land Commissioner Gilbert Stamm misstated the has so far approved only a little over $20 acquisition for the Garrison Diversion Canadian position and implied that alterna­ million for the "austere facility,'' although project until Canadian and Minnesota tives were under discussion with Canada. hidden personnel costs not directly connected objections to the project have been However, at the time of his testimony, the to the appropriation request has meant that resolved. dispute was in the process of being referred DOD has spent $70 million to date on con­ Canada is concerned that saline-pol­ to the IJC and Interior had not informed struction, according to Schlesinger. luted return flows from the Red and the State Department of its alternative stud­ In early 1974 the Navy, with its first funds ies. When did you learn of Mr. Stamm's in hand, felt strong enough to propose an Souris Rivers will cross the Canadian testimony? Did the State Department take expansion of the facility into the original border as a result of the irligation proj­ any steps to correct the record? Did the Ca­ multi-purpose base. Now the Navy was go­ ect. The Can?.dians have called for a nadian government ask you to correct the ing back to its first idea: a base where air­ moratorium on the project on grounds record? craft carriers or airplanes could refuel. And that it violates the Boundary Waters According to an article in the June 20 the Strattons of the world could argue that Treaty of 1909, article IV. Washington Post, an unnamed State Depart­ the new proposal was only a modest advance. The treaty states: ment spokesman called Interior's action "un­ Yet the proposal now under considera­ fortunate" and accused Interior of under­ tion by the Senate in reality is a large-scale It is further agreed that the waters herein mining the credibility of the United States. defined as boundary waters and waters flow­ I agree that their action undermines our military escalation which the Soviets un­ ing across the boundary shall not be polluted doubtedly would try to match, an opening government's credibility but I view their ac­ wedge for the likely and eventual Navy goal­ on either side to the injury of health or tions as indefensible not merely "unfortu­ the stationing cf a permanent carrier task property on the other. nate." force in the Indian Ocean. In fact, the expan­ At this point I would like to insert in The Post article quoted Stamm as saying sion of Diego Garcia cannot really be justi­ the RECORD my letter to Secretary Kis­ his intent was not to with-hold information fied unless the Navy plans to station a carrier from the Canadians, but "to avoid unneces­ full-time in the region, or else it would se­ singer asking for a clarification of the sary complications" in the U.S.-Canadian verely weaken the Pacific fleet. Thus the Department's stance on the Canadian talks. Can you advise me what "unnecessary Navy, which is scheduled to reduce from 15 issue and the State Department's re­ complications" Mr. Stamm was referring to? to 12 carriers, would have a perfect excuse spons-e reaffirming the agency's concern In light of the Interior Department's ac­ to keep 15 carriers (one on station in the for the international implications of the tions, do you believe that our relations with Indian Ocean and two to rotate) . According North Dakota irrigation project. Canada would be well served by a halt in con­ to the Brookings Institution, the eventual de­ The correspondence follows: struction and land acquisition for the Gar­ ployment of an aircraft carrier task force in CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, rison project until the issues which the Ca­ the Indian Ocean would cost between $5 and nadians have raised can be objectively con­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, sidered by the IJC? $8 billion in new ship construction; annual Washington, D.C., June 20, 1975. Navy operating costs would rise by about Hon. HENRY A. KISSINGER, I plan to offer an amendment to the House FY 1976 Public Works Appropriations blll to $800 million. All for a small initial invest­ Secretary of State, Department of State, mP.nt of only a few million dollars. Washington, D.C. defer spending on land acquisition and con­ SNEAK IT THROUGH DEAR MR. SECRETARY: On June 18, Con­ struction for the Garrison project and I hope that the State Department will support such The Pentagon has relied on supplemental gressman William Moorhead, Chairman of an amendment. money requests to obtain huge chunks ot the House Subcommittee on Conservation, Best wishes. money on top of their main requests. Fre­ Natural Resources and Energy, released three Interior Department memoranda concerning Sincerely, quently these bills, usually not scrutinized DONALD M. FRASER. as carefully as the main military bills, have the Garrison Diversion project in North money for a controversial item that DOD Dakota. hopes to slip through Congress. It doesn't al· These memos show that the Department DEPARTMENT OF STATE, ways work. The supplemental 1974 request of Interior deliberately withheld information Washington, D.C., July 23, 1975. for Diego Garcia funds failed. about studies of project alternatives from the Hon. DONALD M. FRASER, The request became an immediate issue in State Department, Congress, the Canadian House of Representatives, Congress and in the press. government and the public. This action was Washington, D.C. THE POWER OF THE PENTAGON taken despite well-known opposition to the DEAR MR. FRAsER: Thank you for your let ­ continuation of the project by the Canadian ter of June 20 on the Garrison Diversion Pentagon maneuvers to get Congress to ap­ government, farmers in North Dakota and Unit. In your letter, you posed a number of prove the base at Diego Garcia is a case study national conservation organizations. questions relating to actions taken by the of the military's power to manipulate the These memoranda further reveal that In­ Department of State and the Department of Congress, the press, and the American pub­ terior officials wished to "influence" the In­ the Interior with regard to the project and lic. The significance of DOD's campaign is ternational Joint Commission's study and concerning attitudes and actions of the Gov­ not limited to a new base in the Indian prevent the IJC from having a "lead role." ernment of Canada and the International Ocean but instead spotlights the military's In view of this serious situation, I would like Joint Commission. I regret that we were un­ influence in the making of national policy. your immediate answers to the following able to respond to these questions prior to What the Pentagon wants, it can usually get questions: House action on the 1976 Public Works Ap­ through its expert domination of the deci­ (1) Was the Department of State informed propriation Blll, but your letter was not re­ sion-making process. by the Bureau of Reclamation of these "in­ ceived in the Department until July 3. formal" studies of alternatives described by In response to your specific questions: the memoranda? If so, when did you learn 1. The Department of State first became of these studies? What bearing do these aware of the Department of the Interior's CANADA AND THE GARRISON studies have on our government's negotia­ memorandum of April 25 in late May, after DIVERSION PROJECT tions with Canada? its release by environmental groups in the (2) Was the Canadian government in­ United States and Canada. Copies of the formed by your Department or the Bureau memorandum of January 14, March 11, and HON. DONALD M. FRASER of Reclamation of these studies? Was the April 15 were obtained from both the Bureau OF MINNESOTA IJC informed of these studies? of Reclamation and from Congressman (3) Will this effort by the Interior Depart­ Moorhead's office shortly before their pub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment to mislead the Canadians create ill lic release. Tuesday, July 29, 1975 will for our government and prejudice the 2. Neither the Canadian Government nor IJC inquiry? the International Joint Commission has Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, on July 25 (4) Can you advise me of any formal or been informed officially of these studies. I received a response from the Depart- informal reaction to this situation from the Both are, of course, now fully aware of the July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25799 contents of the various released memoranda Stamm's view that significant progress is or in good standing. Cord Meyer, it so hap­ referring to the studies. has been made in previous meetings with the pens, is former president of the United 3. We have no reason to believe that the Canadians, with the exception that the pro· World Federalists, a group also working purpose of withholding these studies was to posal to refer this matter to the IJC clearly mislead the Government of Canada. Rather, represents a procedural step forward. In ad­ for a world government along socialist we believe that this action reflects the De­ dition, we would note that while the prob­ lines. partment of the Interior's growing aware­ lem of return flows to Canada from the Now that von Hoffman has broken the ness of the strength of Canadian feeling and Souris Loop area continues to be of principal ice, I trust that other members of the its potential impact on project develop­ concern, return flows to the Red River are media will begin examining the activi­ ments. We believe the January 14 memoran­ also a matter of concern to the Canadian ties of groups promoting world govern­ dum came about as a result of exchanges of Government. At the request of the Canadian ment. As von Hoffman observes- correspondence and meetings of State and Embassy, we have transmitted copies of a Interior officials prior to a January 16 meet­ Canadian statement indicating their position You don't have to be a political paranoid to ing with the Canadians. At that time, the on the Garrison Diversion Unit to the ap­ reason that informal meetings of major State Department indicated its view that propriate Congressional committees. A copy bankers, industrialists, professors, founda­ the Canadian position of opposition to the of that statement was also transmitted to tion executives, journalists and high govern­ project was firm, that Canadian officials your office. ment officials must have something to do With could be expected to take a strong stance in In reference to the Washington Post ar­ why and how powerful people come to nearly the January 16 meeting, and that the De­ ticle, we are unaware of what "unnecessary identical judgments. partment believed that the United States complications" Mr. Stamm envisioned when [From the Washington Post, July 25, 1975] should be prepared to make substantive pro­ he spoke. BILDERBERGERS AS PREY posals at the January 16 meeting to demon­ As you are aware, the United States and (A Commentary by Nicholas von Hoffman) strate our determination to abide by the Canadian Governments are pre=:ently con­ Boundary Waters Treaty. The contents of sidering a referral of this matter to the Apparently the first mention of th~ Bilder­ the January 14 memorandum were not dis­ International Joint Commission. If the bergers in public print was made by West­ cussed by Interior representatives at the matter is referred to the Commission, we brook Pegler in 1957 toward the end of that January 16 meeting. would expect that the Commission's views ferociously articulate right-wing columnist's We are confident that the release of these would be made known to Governments career, Mr. Pegler had gotten wind of the memorand-a will not prejudice the Interna­ at the latest by October 1976. After receipt fact that Ralph McGill of The Atlanta Con­ tional Joint Commission's inquiry. The Com­ of an International Joint Commission report, stitution and Arthur Hays Sulzberger, both mission has a long standing reputation in this Department would firmly oppose any now dead, had attended a secret meeting or both the United States and Canada for in­ construction adversely affecting Canadian international big shots on St. Simon Island, tegrity and impartiality. In this respect, I interests if we believe, on the basis of that Brunswick, Ga., in February of that year. believe that the wording of the Interior report or otherwise, that a violation of the From that time on the John Birch Society memorandum does make clear, if only im­ Boundary Waters Treaty would result. Like­ and the Liberty Lobby have stalked this plicitly, the International Joint Commis­ wise, our commitment to the Government of group of high government officials, bankers, sion's reputation for imp3.rtial decisions. Canada requires a prior determination that media executives, industrialists, Wall Street 4. Reaction to the disclosure of the memo­ our treaty obligations will be met before lawyers and attendant retainers from the randa has been mixed. Both the press and construction of aspects of the Unit di­ academic wodd. Henry Kissinger was a Bil­ the public h-ave rea.cted negatively to the rectly affecting Canada. Our commitments derberger during his days as a Harvarct teach­ conduct of "informal" studies that would to Canada represent, as a practical matter, a er and Rockefeller courtier. be withheld from local interests and Canada. moratorium on construction of aspects of The Bilderbergers have been given that The Canadian Government has not officially the Unit which would affect Canada. Con­ name-they don't call themselves that-­ reacted to the memoranda. It has main­ struction of such components are not sched­ from the hotel where they first met in the tained its position that the project, as pres­ uled to be initiated prior to FY 1977. town of Oosterbeek, The Netherlands, in ently constituted, will violate the Boundary I trust that this letter has been responsive 1954 under the chairmanship of Prince Bern­ Waters Treaty and that it is the responsibil­ to your request and that you will continue hard of the Netherlands. They have met an­ ity of the U.S. Government to determine to call on me when you feel I may be of nually in one NATO country or another ever how the project should be modified to as­ assistance. :;:ince, always at a remote resort hotel, always sm·e that a violation will not take place. Sincerely, in secrecy and always protected by the po­ We have reason to believe that, inasmuch as RoBERT J. McCLosKEY, litical police of the host nation. the memoranda indicate that the Depart­ Assistant Secretary for Cong1·essional The meetings, however, are in no sense ment of the Interior and the Bureau of Rec­ Relations. official or governmental. The attendees are lamation are considering alternatives which best described as the international power might meet Canadian objections, the sub­ elite and 11ave included David and Nelson stance of the memoranda is viewed positively Rockefeller, Robert McNamara, Baron Ed­ within the Canadian Government. THE BILDERBERGERS mond de Rothschild, William Paley, chair­ 5. No. man of the board of CBS, former Sen. Wil­ 6. The Canadian Government first, re­ liam Fulbright, Cord Meyer of the CIA, Wil­ quested a moratorium on the project on HON. LARRY McDONALD liam F. Buckley and George w. Ball, the for­ October 23, 1973. On February 5, the United mer State Department man who achieved a States replied to that note and informed the OF GEORGIA brief fame for a degree of tepid, establish­ Government of Canada that "In any develop­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mentarian opposi'.; ion to the late war. The officers of such companies as Alcoa, Standard ment of features of the Garrison Diversion Tuesday, July 29, 1975 Unit that will affect Canada, specifically Oil, H. J. Heinz, Time, Inc., Chrysler, Manu­ works in th ~ Red River Basin and the Souris Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. facturers Hannover Trust, Washington Post­ Loop, the United States will comply with Speaker, the activities of groups such as Newsweek, and Dillon-Read, among others, its obligation to Canada not to pollute the Bilderbergers have been reported and have been reported as frequent attendees, waters crossing the boundary to the injury commented on for a long time by those along with their counterparts from most of of health or property within Canada. No the nations of Western Europe. construction potentially affecting waters who uphold U.S. sovereignty and oppose That alone might make the Far Right sus­ flowing into Canada will be undertaken un­ world government. Strangely enough, picious, but the guest list has also included less it is clear that this obligation wlll be however, the activities of these groups socialists like Helmut Schmidt, the West met." In this respect, I wish to note that are almost totally ignored by our major Germany Chancellor, and France's Gaston the guarantees given to the Government of news media. Defferre, who, it is alleged, was the Bilder­ Canada do not cover the construction of the Thus I would like to call attention to berger's candidate to topple DeGaulle. Such McCluskey Canal or the Lonetree Reservoir the following article by Nicholas von a mixture of men, political parties and eco­ with the exception of those works on the nomic interests have served to confirm. the reservoir which would be solely required for Hoffman. Entitled "Bilderbergers as right wing suspicion that men like the features of the project in the Souris Loop Prey,'' it appeared in the Washington Rockefellers are in league with the social and the Red River. The House and Senate Post on July 25, 1975. democrats or even the communists. Appropriations Committees were officially The Bilderbergers give every appear­ Occasionally a Bilderberger has tried to informed of the Canadian position by letter ance of being international coordinators explain what these meetings are about. In on May 7, 1975 at the request of Congress­ of various groups working for a world 1964 New York's Sen. Jacob Javits, one of a man Moorhead. government. The domestic link in this number of congres9men who've attended, 7. The Department first became aware of chain is the Council on Foreign Relations said the purpose is merely to "create a better Mr. Stamm's testimony following its publi­ understanding of the forces and trends cation in the June 18 Congressional Record. and it is interesting to note that virtually affecting Western nations." We had not been advised in advance of Mr. all of those mentioned by von Hoffman, That kind of Wheateena hasn't allayed Stamm's testimony before the Appropriations including William F. Buckley, are mem­ right wing anxieties. Thus in 1971 the re­ Committee. We would not concur in Mr. bers of the CFR as well as Bilderbergers actionary Manchester (N.H.) Union Leader 25800 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 charged that the Bllderberger conferees of established a comprehensive national that year were given advance notice of Pres­ within the United States. As a part of ident Nixon's upcoming shift in economic program for research and development the United States they have enjoyed policies, making it possible for them to of all potentially beneficial energy prosperity and stability in a region of pocket as much as $20 billion. More recently sources and utilization technologies. The the world which has endured great tur­ a Liberty Lobby publication put the blame National Bureau of Standards has been bulence. Their dramatic progress over for the overthrow of the Portuguese dic­ charged with the responsibility of evalu­ the past 23 years has led the island of tatorship on the Bilderbergers, saying that ating inventors' proposals that may as­ Puerto Rico to be referred to as the this opened the way for "the effective ca.p­ sist this Nation to better meet its energy "Workshop for Democracy in Latin tw·e of the incredibly rich natural resources needs. of Angola. and Mozambique by the interna­ America." tional Rockefeller cabal." The "Energy Efficiency Indicator" is The United States has benefited from Even after the revelations of the last few designed to enhance the assessment of the contributions of its Puerto Rican years, upper-echelon people consider the use the operating effectiveness of an auto­ community. They have distinguished of words like cabal and conspiracy as signs of mobile engine. If we as a nation are to themselves in all facets of our society emotional instability, but what is a. con­ make meaningful progress in conserving from the arts and science to sports and spiracy? It is an agreement by a group of our nonrenewable fuel resources, we must politics. The people of Puerto Rico are people to do something that the user of the be able to evaluate accurately the per­ fortunate to be represented in Congress word conspiracy doesn't like. formance of our motor vehicles. At the In an extended sense, the Bilderberger by an outstanding public servant, my conferees have been doing something that a present time, two types of vacuum gauges good friend, Hon. JAIME BENITEZ. I ex­ lot of people don't like; they've been making are used to measure engine efficiency in tend to him my congratulations and best and carrying out the military and economic automobiles: the needle display and the wishes on this day and wish the people policies of the North Atlantic Alliance. That light display, neither of which is satis­ of Puerto Rico continued success as a doesn't mean that this "Cold War Inter­ factory. The needle display requires de­ nation. nationale," as the meetings have been called, tailed technical knowledge, and the light was making the decisions. Meetings like this display does not provide quantative in­ popularize and familiarize people with ideas formation on efficiency. Moreover, read­ and are thus part of a. long and intricate ing either of these displays requires the PUBLIC OPINION CONTINUES TO chain of social process by which ruling class­ GROW IN SUPPORT OF ACCELER­ es come to the consensus. diversion of the driver's attention from operation of the vehicle, thereby posing ATING THE RATE OF CAPITAL But to the people who don't get invited, THE these transactions can take on a. sinister a serious threat to highway safety. FORMATION NECESSARY FOR appearance. Every other group in our society Mr. Bunker proposes that automobile CREATION OF JOBS gets studied, surveyed and observed, but not manufacturers mount the instrument the upper classes. They don't let the world which he designed, the energy efficiency in to look at them and therefore they invite device, in conjunction with the speed HON. JACK F. KEMP others to think the worst. OF NEW YORK But you don't have to be a. political para­ indicator. The energy efficiency indicator noid to reason that informal meetings of would be calibrated to show where and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES major bankers, industrialists, professors, to what extent the driver is operating his Tuesday, July 29, 1975 foundation executives, journalists and high vehicle inefficiently. This would enable government officials must have something drivers to monitor the indicator easily Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, it's axiomatic to do with why and how powerful people without dangerously diverting their at­ that private investment capital at work come to nearly identical judgments. (For tention from the highway. means people at work-that private cap­ another look at this social process, see "The This invention holds a great deal of ital not at work means people out of Bohemian Grove and Other Retreats: a. promise. It is my :firm belief that it will work. In short, it is the essential, central Study 1n Ruling Class Cohesiveness," by G. assist us in our efforts to reach the na­ role of capital-of enough investment William Domhoff, Harper & Row, 1974, and to for more on our little cabal, see Spotlight tional goal of energy self -sufficiency and money assure the growth of produc­ on the Bilderbergers, the Liberty Lobby (300 help the automobile industry meet con­ tivity and industry and the purchase of Independence Ave., S.E., Washington 20003, gressionally mandated auto efficiency equipment-in providing our work force $5.) standards. In this period when the na­ with current and future jobs. Far right wing material on these subjects tion's energy resources are in short sup­ The Nation's news media is refiecting a is often disregarded because they CAPITAL­ ply, it is indeed encouraging to know that public awareness and the growing con­ IZE for emphasis and use a lot of exclamation the people of this country can count on cern that the Congress is not doing points. in their prose! That's bad form in the enough to remove the disincentives to Ivy League, but it should not make us ignore citizens such as Mr. Homer Bunker to that it was political analysts on the right come to their aid. This is just another savings and investment now found in our who first raised questions about the multi­ illustration of American ingenuity. We tax laws. The media is doing a public national banks and corporations and the owe a great debt to Mr. Bunker, and in­ service by reinforcing the growing public alarming union of capitalists and democratic dividuals like him, who use their talents commitment to the removal or lessening socialists here and abroad. selftessly in service of their fellow coun­ of those disincentives as a means to ."tim­ trymen. ulating productivity and the creation of jobs in America. Yesterday, I placed into the REcoRD ENERGY EFFICIENCY INDICATOR THE 23D ANNIVERSARY OF PUERTO several editorials and articles from major PROMOTES FUEL ECONOMY RICO CONSTITUTION DAY newspapers and magazines on this sub­ ject. Those can be found in my remarks on pages 25495-96 of the REcoRD of July HON. HAROLD E. FORD HON. MARIO BIAGGI 28. OF TENNESSEE OF NEW YORK In addition, I now call to the attention IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of my colleagues an additional editorial, Tuesday, July 29, 1975 Tuesday, July 29, 1975 article and column in this subject area. Mr. FORD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I am Time magazine in its edition of July 28 I rise today to call the attention of my pleased to take this opportunity to mark and in an article entitled, "How to Afford colleagues in the House to an energy­ with millions of Puerto Ricans the 23d the Future," gave strong stress to the im­ saving device which was created and de­ anniversary of Puerto Rican Constitu­ portance of providing sufficient capital veloped by Mr. Homer Bunker of Mem­ tion Day. It is an important day in the "to create new goods, profits, public serv­ phis, Tenn. Mr. Bunker invented a ma­ annals of 20th century history and a ices-and by no means least-jobs." That chine known as an "Energy Efficiency :fitting opportunity to pay tribute to the article follows: How To AFFORD THE FUTURE Indicator" which is currently being eval­ great nation and people of Puerto Rico Economists of every persuasion have long uated by the National Bureau of Stand­ as well as the Puerto Rican community agreed that the basis of the capitalistic sys· ards. As my fellow Members already in the United States. tern is quite simply, privately owned capital: know. the Federal Non-Nuclear Energy On July 25, 1952, the island of Puerto money that comes from accumulated savings Research and Development Act of 1974 Rico attained Commonwealth status and is used to finance investment. Now, how- July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25801 ever, worried policymakers and students of including the building of a needed 25 million tors in the blockade of steady industrial the system have begun to debate the causes new homes by 1985. But can it? The idea that recovery. and implications of a historic development. Government can overcome political pressures The capital formation problem, unless cor­ For the first time in more than half a cen­ for heavy spending and run huge surpluses, rected, will slow recovery and the creation of tury, the U.S., like some other industrial argues U.S. Trust Vice Chairman James jobs. economies, faces an acut e shortage of the O'Leary, is "a lot of nonsense." To help remove the blockade, Congress capital that is needed to creat e new goods, Whatever the specific merits of the debate, must delve into invest ment credits and the profits, public services and-by no means two things are clear: demand for capital in taxing of capital gain dividends. These have least-jobs. the U.S. over the next decade will be "stag­ a direct impact on the capital resources avail­ The looming capital shortage p oses a long­ geringly high," as O'Leary puts it, and more able to industry and business for growth and range threat to the survival of the nation's could be done to stimulate a healthier level expansion. economic system. More immediat ely, it raises of investment. Currently a variety of new Congress can give the economy the proper doubts about the economy's abilit y t o recover t ax incentives and other measures to en­ momentum to recovery by adopting federal with vigor from the postwar era's most severe courage savings are being studied within tax policies reflecting the need for investment recession and push unemployment down to the Administration and by the House Ways capital. about 5% of the work force and keep it at and Means Committee. Neither has made any Frequently heard as the solut ion to tax re­ that level. Ultimately, capital formation, as concrete proposals so far, although the Ad­ form is the recurring proposal to close t ax the economists call it. is job formation. Any ministration is expected to do so this month. loopholes. faltering of the pace at which the nation Ba3ically, there are two approaches to the But each time congressional committees saves its earnings and invests its resources problem. Some liberals advocate a system of investigate the loophole contention, t h ey translates directly into reduced economic ac­ allocated credit that would channel avail­ learn the greatest beneficiaries are the indi­ tivity and fewer jobs. Yet the share of re­ able capital into high priority projects, like vidual taxpayers. sources devoted to investment in the U.S. lags energy development. The liberal argument They fear public reaction by eliminat ing behind that in other major industrialized is that capital is not so much in short sup­ such loopholes as state and local taxes, in­ countries--even severely strapped Italy and ply as inefficiently used; for evidence, they terest on home mortgages and other major Britain. What is more, the need for addit ion­ point to the overbuilding of shopping cen­ purchases, medical and dent al expenses and al goods and technology ha3 never been great­ ters and vacation condominiums. Conserva­ contributions to charities. er. In the next few years enormous outlays tives, meanwhile, maintain that an alloca­ Are these really loopholes or tax equities? will be required to develop alternative sources tion system is unworkable and would crip­ American enterprise, which after all js the of energy such as nuclear power, build the ple the capitalist system-the jugular vein source of most employment, needs capital in­ erect more efficient factories and continue of which is the free movement of money. vestment to survive. Earnings are taxed at rebuilding the decaying cities. Moreover, they contend that the real need the corporate level plus that of the investor. AMONG LOWEST is for more investment. Among their pro­ Tax burdens and benefits must be balanced posals: lowering the capital gains tax and regarding the individual as well as corpc,ra ­ But will the funds be available? Alt hough allowing companies to depreciate their plant tions. Too bad the unbalanced factor of fed­ economists have been nervously debating the and equipment faster and deduct dividends eral deficit spending cannot be corrected. question for some t ime, the issue has only as an expense-thereby releasing more cor­ That would be true reform and eliminat e t h e recent ly begun to penetrate the corridors of porate funds for investment. need for much tax revision or reform. power in Washington. In testimony before Catch-22. Some economists also argue that t he Senate Finan<:e Committee, Treasury Government should deregulate interest Secretary William Simon has warned that rates on all savings accounts and pursue And, on June 10, Jenkin Lloyd Jones, the U.S. faces "serious risks"-social as well other policies designed to stimulate a higher the editor and publisher of the Tulsa as economic-if it does not increase its rate rate of savin:;. Currently only about 10% Tribune and the nationally syndicated of capital investment. At a recent conference of all personal disposable income in the U.S. columnist, addressed the specific point of top academic, business and political is saved-a higher percentage than at any of how capital formation is necessary leaders on the nation's capital needs, time since 1946 but less than the savings to get our economy moving again and sponsored by Fortune, Louisiana's Senator rates in other industrialized nations (Japan's of legislation to accomplish that: Russell Long declared that the approaching rate, for example, is 23.6% ). There is, how­ capital shortage could be "as severe as any­ ever, a catch-22: the only way profligate REFIRING THE BOILER thing we have had in the economic h istory Americans will save more is if they learn to Congressman Jack Kemp of New York is of the country." spend less; yet for the next year or so, a ro­ leading a group of nearly 50 other representa­ The central startling statistic of the emerg­ bust level of consumer spending is needed to tives in pushing a "Job Creation Act." Given ing capital crisis is that for two decades the give the recovery momentum. the temper of the current "liberal" majority U.S. has been accumulating funds in savings Until it becomes economically feasible to in Congress it hasn't the chance of a snow­ accounts, bonds and other forms of invest­ encourage more saving, Government will ball in the Devil's embrace for it seeks to ment at a level equal to about 15% of the need to refrain from discouraging private encourage risk-taking and enterprise rather nation's gross national product. That rate borrowers by crowding them out of the than condemn them to further anemia by ad­ of capital formation is one of the lowest in money market with ever larger Treasury ditional taxation. the industrialized world. Unless it is in­ bond offerings. So far, the $59.9 billion def­ In light of the present plight of our rail­ creased, many experts say, a shortage of icit envisioned in the current federal budg­ roads, which couldn't generate the earnings investment funds will choke the still anemic et has not proved difficult to finance. The necessary to keep up their roadbeds and housing industry, squeeze thousands of danger of crowding out in the money mar­ rolling stock, Congressman Kemp's proposal small- and medium-sized businesses out of ket, and the real threat of a capital shortage, is worth more thought than it will be given. the credit market and eventually abort the lies a year or so away, when the economy Briefiy, his bill would end the double taxa­ recovery-leaving the U.S. with insufficient picks up added steam and corporations be­ tion on dividends by excluding corporate div­ plant capacity and an intolerably high level gin borrowing more heavily. But that is idends paid from gross income. of unemployment. One of the gloomiest prog­ hardly a reason for postponing public debate It would increase the investment tax credit nosticators, New York Stock Exchange over how to head off a crisis; in its quest for to 15 per cent. Economist William Freund, calculates the ways to spur more saving and investment, It would allow a complete write-off in one investment needs of private industry alone at Government would do well to begin by de­ year of costs for otherwise non-productive more than $4 trillion over the next decade. pollution control ordered by law. Freund predicts that industry will come up voting greater attention to increasing the Investment in stocks, bonds and savings short by about $650 billion. rates of return that capital-short industries institutions out of which industries must like utilttles can earn. In the long run, per­ JUGULAR VEIN draw the capital necessary to expand or mod­ haps nothing will channel needed capital in­ ernize would be exempt from income tax up Other experts, among them Citibank to worthwhile investments any better than to $1,000 for each taxpayer. Employe stock Economist Leif Olsen, doubt that the short­ tax measures and other policies that make ownership plans would be encouraged by per­ fall will be that severe. Yet the price of avoid­ those investments profitable. mitting tax exemptions for earnings going to ing crisis, the optimists agree, will be a sharp plans for spreading a company's stock among scaling down of the nation's investment its employes. goals through the mid-1980s. In a recent On July 10, the Columbus COhio) Eve­ The sad fact is that the American indus­ study sponsored by Washington's Brookings ning Dispatch editorialized in support of trial plant is running down. At least, it is Institution, Harvard's James Duesenberry and running down in comparison to the plants two other economists derided "Cassandras" jobs-creating capital formation tax reforms: of our international competitors. And as we who are forecasting a shortage and concluded are drawn more and more to depend on in­ that "we can afford the future, but just SUPPORT OF JOBS-CREAT~G CAPITAL ternational trade in order to raise the for­ barely." The Duesenberry study contends FoRMATION TAX REFORMS eign exchange necessary to buy essential raw that Government can be counted upon to Economists point out high interest rates, materials from abroad the ability of Ameri­ come to the rescue: by running big budget difficulty in marketing stock and bond is­ can industries to compete wm be directly re­ surpluses, the Treasury can create enough sues and the 48 percent tax rate siphoning lated, not merely to jobs, but to the national funds to finance a fat list of invest ments, o.ff corporate earnings are contributory fac- standard of living. OXXI-1625-Part 20 25802 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975 Rep. Kemp points out that in constant 1958 [From the Herald-News, July 9, 1975] one set of underwear, sweater or jacket and dollars our industrial capital investment per toilet articles. capita has dropped 17 per cent in 18 years. NAVAL CENTER CITED FOR EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM A typical military morning included rev­ At the same time, the per capita investment (By Joan Wiessmann) eille, presentation of colors, physical edu­ in Japanese and German industry has been cation, barracks maintenance and personal rising rapidly. The U.S. Naval Training Center in Clifton clean-up. After breakfast, there was policing The mood of present and recent Congresses is the proud recipient of a special community of the area and continuation of barracks has been that prosperity is best maintained service award from the U.S. Department of maintenance, straightening of bunks and by sustaining consumer spending through Defense. Particular recognition was given foot lockers, and work detail. After lunch, a series of government gifts and grants, and the center's contribution to a camp program there was a return to work details, with ap­ that money to finance such programs is initiated last summer to give Passaic High propriate breaks, cleanup and recreation. best taken out of industries, investors and School youths a better understanding of the More free and organized recreation came savers. environment. after supper. Lights were out at "2100" Navy Britain has been down this road. As in­ Master chief of the Naval Center, Dante V. time, or 9 p.m. vestment resources were mopped up by Mecca, who directs all of the community Students were divided into working squads heavy taxes for socialist programs, the Brit­ service projects in Bergen, Sussex, Passaic of five students each that rotated in a system ish industrial plant fell into obsolescence and Morris counties, as well as Rockland of one-third o! the day at work, one-third and decay. Inability to compete abroad on County in New York, spearheaded its involve­ education, one-third recreation. They were the basis of a strong pound sterling required ment at a federally owned farm in Walpack paid the minimum wage and averaged ap­ the progressive devaluation of the pound with the permission of Commanding Officer proximately $115 take-home pay after a which raised the cost of imports and made Robert W. Buchman. three-week period. austerity inevitable. "It's the policy of the Navy to be involved There were no televisions, radios, or comic In short, the fire beneath Britain's boiler in community service throughout the coun­ books, and, to the surprise of both parents died down, and no social programs can sur­ try, without hurting the primary mission of and administrators, there were no ill side ef­ vive a loss of steam. Tax programs which the Navy," Mecca explained. For example, fects from the deprivation of these "lux­ over-penalize investment in America's in­ Mecca serves as president of the Passaic uries," according to Mecca. dustries will do the same. It's time to re-fire Board of Education during his off-duty hours. In fact, he said, the students proved to be the boiler. The local center was responsible for getting more quiet and introspective and were able Naval reservists to donate spare hours to to hear sounds alien to their ears: birds, The Congress would be serving the na­ remodeling the Passaic PAL building, and was farm animals and crickets. tional interest by heeding the observa­ one of the active sponsors of the Miss Black "To some, the stillness was deafening. They tions reflected in these news items. Teen-age World Pageant last year. It pro­ soon adapted. We saw a complete change in motes recreational and education programs, attitude towards themselves, they were able and trips to various Naval installations, for to have some self-respect, and from others disadvantaged youths. All these things were they learned the respect and dignity of work. OUR NATION SALUTES THE PASSAIC considered by the Department of Defense Where students had no regard for the use BOARD OF EDUCATION AND THE when it issued the community service award. of proper language, they soon learned it just CLIFTON NAVAL RESERVE CENTER But the DOD's decision was clinched when did not go here, and to the surpl'ise of visit­ FOR OUTSTANDING PUBLIC SERV­ it eyed the vocational and environmental ing administrators, teachers, and the like, ICE IN EDUCATION OF OUR YOUNG education project at Camp Walpack. students who were problem children were The experimental program, sponsored by now answering with 'Yes, sir,' and 'No, sir,' PEOPLE the Passaic Board of Education and the Clif­ and gave a good account of themselves in ton Naval Reserve Center, took 100 high their dress and general demeanor," he said school students, ages 15 through 18, from Through the cooperation of the Girl Scouts HON. ROBERT A. ROE their urban environment to the rural area of America, Mecca managed to obtain quan­ OF NEW JERSEY of Sussex County, to live and work in a tities of used, but serviceable khaki's. Each IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES farm setting for six weeks. Two cycles of youngster was provided with four sets of three weeks each were run from July 1 to uniforms, Navy regulation ball caps, work Tuesday, July 29, 1975 Aug.10. gloves, six sets of underwear, six pairs of Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, it is my priv­ Group and individual projects were de­ socks and work shoes. The students were re­ ilege and honor to call to the attention signed to give greater understanding as to sponsible for the complete maintenance of of you and our colleagues here in the the natural causes of environmental deterior­ their clothing issue. Laundry details were or­ Congress the outstanding youth educa­ ation and a consideration of solutions to ganized each evening to be sure the young­ environmental problems, although the work­ sters properly laundered personal gear. tion program on environmental and study center was in a vocationally oriented Mecca was also able to secure bunks, mat­ career studies that has been conducted setting. treses, pillows, foot lockers, surplus tools through the cooperative efforts of officials The program was cooperatively adminis­ and equipment, galley gear, paints and other of our Passaic Public School System, the tered by the U.S. Department of Interior; supplies which proved to be helpful and nec­ U.S. Naval Training Center, the National National Parks Service; Delaware Water Gap essary during the two-month period the pro­ National Recreation Area in Columbia; N.J. gram was in operation. Park Service, and the New Jersey State Instruction was given on a dally basis by Department of Education providing inner Department of Education, Division of Voca­ the Naval reserve members in electrical, city young people with a unique summer tional Education; the Newton Public Schools, masonry, carpentry, automotive and com­ camp work study program on the fed­ and the two prime sponsors. missary area-s. erally owned farm of Walpack in Sussex In his report, Mecca said: "Special em­ The students did painting and repairs, fed County, N.J. phasis on career opportunities in the en­ the livestock, cooked the meals, and dressed The far-t·eaching effects of this ex­ vironmental areas were covered. The program alike to promote the "team" feeling of the perimental educational work study pro­ design and administration was paramilitary "Environmental Conservation Corps of New in nature. It was felt that if we were going Jersey." gram sponsored by the Passaic Board of to change the attitude of young people from On July 17, representatives of the National Education and the Clifton Naval Reserve the inner city toward themselves, their fel­ Park Service, the Passaic Board of Educa­ Center of my congressional district on low students, their families, their school, tion and the state Department of Education the quality of life for 100 high school their home environment, we'd have to rede­ were invited to review the project's success. Under the supervision of Navy personnel, students, age 15 through 18, and the sign their lifestyles. exemplary leadership and teamwork per­ the students prepared lunch for more than "In extricating a student from the inner 50 guests, and made presentations to James formed by the program administrators city with all of his hang-ups, frustration, McLaughlin, superintendent of the Delaware and counselors of this unique on-the­ morals and standards indigenous to turned­ Water Gap National Recreation Area; Dr. farm training-recreational-educationa! off youth, we found a paramilitary system Stephen Poliacik:, assistant commissioner of endeavor are most eloquently depicted in was most effective. Students came to us with education and state director of vocational a recent news story that appeared in the no skills, poor reading levels, attendance education; Dr. Donald Beineman, director of Herald-News, one of New Jersey's most problems in school, suffering from malnutri­ secondary education of the state Department prestigious newspapers, under the au­ tion in some cases because of poor and un­ of Education; Seymour Puckowitz, superin­ balanced diets at home, and a lack of sel! tendent of the Passaic school system; and thorship of a most adroit and accom­ Mecca. plished news correspondent, Joan Weiss­ restraint and discipline," he said. Students who entered the program were The gifts were walking sticks they had mann. carved out of natural cedar cut from the given a complete physical examination by farm. They were cleaned and polished and With your permission, Mr. Speaker, I school physicians, were inoculated for tet­ would like to insert at this point in our handsomely decorated. anus and other communicable disea-ses, were The students also viewed Navy training historic journal of Congress a copy of told to bl'ing the minimum of clothing, which films, and sports and special interest films that news article which reads as follows: consisted of a pair of blue jeans, sneakers, Mecca secured from the Navy library. July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF -REMARKS 25803 Mecca also obtained from the National Mr. Speaker, I know you wUl want to OWNERSHIP AND REGULATION Park Service, three tents which were used join with me in congressional commen­ It has also been apparent to me since by the National Park Service at Peters Valley, dation of these high school students as early 1970 that the Nixon administration Layton. The tents were repaired and erected well as the Federal, State. and commu­ and Chairman Nassikas of the Federal Power by the students for a weekend crafts fair. Commission were determined to work in the " Ou r Naval Reserve personnel supplied nity leaders who were in the vanguard of direction of deregulation of natural gas necessary know-how and manpower to the this summer camp educational project, prices at the wellhead as the potential solu ­ understaffed maint enance division of the Na­ with special plaudits to the founder of tion to the supply problem. I have talked tional Park Service, Delaware Water Gap. the program, Director Alexander Kre­ to many of you before on this point and They were quick to organize work details for nicki and Superintendent of Schools have indicated to you that I feel very several projects undertaken in conjunction Seymour Puckowitz of the Passaic Public strongly about the following two points: wit h the students at Walpack. They rewired School System; Master Chief Dante V. ( 1) The concentration of ownership in the petroleum industry is so strong, resulting in buildings, all electrical cable was placed un­ Mecca. and Lt. Comdr. Robert W. Buch­ derground, rewired an old farmhouse, re­ the control of petroleum products (including m odelled the gallery, reorganized a commis­ man of the Clifton Naval Reserve Cen­ natural gas) by so few producers, that to s3.ry area, assisted in the construction o~ a ter; James McLaughlin of the Delaware open the door to price gouglng by deregulat­ dormitory building, sustained and mam­ Water Gap National Recreation Area, ing the wellhead price of natural gas is to tained several government vehicles, and pro­ Dr. Stephen Poliacik and Dr. Donald invite economic disaster for those areas of vided the proper leadership for training of Beineman of the New Jersey State De­ the country who heavily rely on natural gas students in their charge, .. Mecca said. partment of Education. We salute these as a basic energy source; and, (2) There is absolutely no guarantee that Mecca said that education must provide students for their meritorious achieve­ concepts of both "How to Live.. (environ­ deregulation will in any real meaning of the mental education) and "How to Get a Liv­ ment and the distinguished public om­ term substantially enhance the supply of ing" (career education). cials who have attained a highly innova­ natural gas on the market. As a matter of He concluded, "These two goals are In­ tive teaching-learning experience in the fact, the history of the industry and the herently compatible. Through proper train­ education of our young people. manner in which it has met its responsibili­ ing we must attempt to provide a youth in ties to the public in the last few years would t he inner city with proper environmental indicate that we might expect supplies of standards so that he may live in dignity with natural gas to be deliberately withheld from h is fellow man and in harmony with earth. the market awaiting the ultimate in pr~ce Most important is the need to teach young HUGH WELLS OFFERS ENERGY response from a pubic desperate to achieve people the desire and the dignity to work PERSPECTIVE an answer to their supply problems. for environmental improvement in his own SUPPORT S. 602 neighborhood and in his own community:• I clearly understand the very heavy pres­ Alexander Krenicki, director of career and sure on you from the gas industry. from in­ continuing education who initiated the HON. CHARLES ROSE III dustrial users of natural gas, and from others unique program. is opening the camp again OF NORTH CAROL~A who may not be clearly aware of the economic this summer. Krenicki would like to make IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES implications behind complete deregulation. the ECC into a year-round, live-in work­ I also understand that there are some com­ study program, with Passaic youngsters be­ Tuesday, July 29, 1975 promises possible between complete dereg­ ing allowed to spend time in Walpak a~d take ulation of oil wellhead gas and a continued high school equivalency tests after therr work Mr. ROSE. Mr. Speaker, I have just received a. letter from Hugh A. Wells, reliance upon the Federal Power Act as it is finished. now is and the administration of that Act vice president and general counsel for by the Federal Power Commission. I have Mr. Speaker, in national recognition the North Carolina Electric Membership carefully studied Senate Bill 692 and I am of the standards of excellence achieved Corp. in Raleigh, N.C., and a former convinced that this does represent a reason­ by the students who participated . this member of the North Carolina Utilities able compromise and should be supported in an effort to enhance the supply of natural past summer in the work study proJects Commission. gas on the market and at the same time re­ performed at Walpack, the Presi~ent ~as His thoughts about the energy prob­ tain reasonable controls over the producers awarded the highly coveted Presidential lems facing us are important and mean­ and pipelines, which would give us the hope Merit Award certificate to the following ingful. He offers several arguments of a level of consumer prices which will not students of Passaic Senior High School against the deregulation of price con­ be economically disruptive, or perhaps even for their outstanding public service con- trois on domestic crude oil and in favor destruct! ve. tribution to the preservation and en- of reasonable controls on the price of With regard to the administration's pro­ posals for decontrolling the price of crude hancement of our environment: natural gas. oil, I am absolutely convinced that such a The following have received from the For these reasons, I include his letter development could spell economic ruin for President of the United states a "Certificate in the RECORD so that all of my colleagues the United States. Every shred of evidence of Merit for service to the commuruty and might benefit from his remarks: that we have to go on would indicate that the nation through environmental protec- DEAR CHARLES: I am writing to you In the large petroleum companies are doing tion achievement." connection with various proposals being put quite well in these difficult economic times; Douglas Acres, Dale Allen, Felix Amador, forward by President Ford with regard to that they are not in fact suffering from a Edward Armstrong, Michael Bader, David the nation's energy supply, particularly lack of profits nor a lack of incentive, but are Birnbaum, Bedras Boyadjan, Lester Bravek, relating to the control of prices of crude simply using their massive economic power Conrad Brown, carl Caruso. oil and natural gas. to deliberately withhold products from the Jeffrey Caster, Richard Coley, Michael As you know, I spent 5¥2 years on the market-both crude and refined-in a wa.y Davis, John Donetz, David Feliciano, David North Carolina Utilities Commission, leaving which will bring pressure on the Congress to Ficco, Donovan Flowers, Ramel Friday, Felix the Commission at the end of April of this adopt proposals similar to those being pro­ Galarza, Francisco German. year. Very early after going on the Commis- posed by President Ford, which would enable Warren Hall, Benard Harrell, Franklin sion in 1969, it became apparent to me that them to increase their profits tremendously, Haskins, Lascelles Hayden, Jeffery Herbert, North Carolina was headed in the direction both short and long range. I feel that it is Michael Holly, Angel marraza, Chester Jas- of difficulties with natural gas supply. At a absolutely incumbent upon the Democratic kot, Robert Kavinski, Richard Krostek. series of meetings with the representatives representation in the Congress to resist these Edward Lax, John Leibman, Tony Linors, of Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Corpora­ efforts on the part of President Ford and the Tommy MacDonald, Walter Malaszuk, Wil- - tion and other interested state agencies dur­ petroleum giants and to continue price con ­ liam McAlister, Jose Mercado, Ronald Mar- ing 1970, the early indications of a substan­ trols on domestic crude. land, David Nealy, Jerry Nieradka. tial shortfall surfaced. In the intervening WOULD RATIONING HELP? Allen Norman, Billy Paranto, Robert Par- years I was a participant in many meetings If the American people do indeed ne:Jd to anto, Hilton Perez, Carlos Rivadeneira, Edger with Transco officials, representatives of vari­ significantly decrease their use of petroleum Rivera, Andre Roberson, Carlos Rodriguez, ous state agencies, representatives of the products-and I have some doubts about how Mark Rodriguez, Michael Roseborough. Federal Power Commission, and other per- much decrease or conservation can be James Ross, Robert Ruis, Joe Russo, Ben- sons interested in gas supply on the Transco achieved without disrupting the entire econ­ igno Santiago, Mario Savvides, Frank Sciacca, System. Throughout all of these years it omy-then I believe that a broad-based, Michael Shuptar, Jacob Silva, Steven Smith, was apparent to me that Transco was not strong appeal to the public to conserve their Kishor Solaneki. doing their job in attempting to correct the use of petroleum products should be at­ Jesse Thorpe, Allen Van Rensaller, Eric obvious difficulties on their system and that tempted by the adm1nistra.tion, supported by Walker, William Weedo, Danny Wells, Ed- as long ago as 1970 they were preaching the the Congress ln whatever feasible ways it ward ~~~mire, Walter Wllson, Marvin Win- deregulation sermon as the potential solu- can do so, 1n the hopes that the American ston, William Womach, Gary Wynn. tion to natural gas supply problems. people will respond in a meaningful way; .25804 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, -197·5 but, if this fails and it is absolutely clear The veterans ~ in this country are clear­ that we must indeed achieve substantial re­ ·George Clymer, 36, and -Michael Hillegas, 46. ductions in our use of petroleum products, ly deserving of every bit of assistance the A year later, Clymer would resign his post to then we should go the ultimate route and Congress can provide to work througn become .a member of the Congress and a. establish a meaningful rationing program the bureaucracy of the Veterans' Admin­ signer of the Declaration of Independence. that would cut across all levels of use­ istration. There has been a great deal of Hillegas, on the other hand, would stay on manufacturing, processing, packaging, agri­ publicity over the last few years of the and be chief financial officer of the :fledgling cultural production, transportation, and nation until 1789 when Alexander Hamilton failure of the Veterans' Administration became the first secretary of the treasury . home use. While I realize that rationing car­ to adequately provide services to the .vet­ under the Constitution. ries with it a great burden of administration, and that it may have questionable public eran. This legislation which I have intro­ In the Twentieth Century, Michael Hille­ . acceptance, the alternative of achieving sig­ duced, H.R. 8572, would help fill this gap gas, the first treasurer of the United States nificant conservation cannot be realistically and I urge Members of Congress to recog­ (a title given him by the Continental Con­ approached in any other terms. That is, we nize the need for this important legisla­ gress on Sept. 6, 1777), the builder of the fiscal framework used by Hamilton, is virtu­ are talking about rationing, however you tion. ally a. "forgotten patriot." look at it. President Ford wants to ration Hillegas did as much-possibly more-to petroleum products by allowing the market solve the financial problems of the struggling to do the rationing. This will be punitive to THE FORGOTTEN PATRIOT working people, to people who have to travel American government during the Revolution for a. living, and to small. businessmen who and in the critical years immediately there­ have no choice except to pay the price. It HON. RICHARD T. SCHULZE after as did the celebrated Robert Morris. will be punitive to farmers who cannot pro­ As historian-clergyman Michael Reed Min­ duce their crops without the use of petro­ OF PENNSYLVANIA nich observed in his biography of Hillegas leum products, but who cannot expect to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in 1905, '~Hillegas served in the difficult first years of government, when the war of arms reco:up these~ additional costs readily at the Tuesday, July 29, 1975 market. If we are going to have rationing, was matched only by a contest of intellect: it should not be market forces rationing, but Mr. SCHULZE. Mr. Speaker, it is a sel­ Groping uncharted risks requiring greatest administrative rationing accomplished on a. dom heard fact that from July 29, 1775, possible skill, method and integrity before fair and equitable basis. enacted laws had become systematized.·These until September 2, 1789, a Philadelphia were testing and trying formative years." PRICES WILL RISE merchant by the name of Michael Hil­ Hillegas was not _a colorful figure, but he Additionally, if the prices of domestic legas headed colonial and national fis­ brought off at least one spectacular feat. crude oil and natural gas are left to market cal affairs. Two hundred years ago today, Just before the British occupied Philadel­ forces, we may be certain that coal prices Mr. Hillegas was designe.ted a "Con­ phia in October 1777, Hillegas managed to will closely track gas and oil. We saw this tinental treasurer" and on September 6, ship $100,000 in cash to Falckn~r Swamp in happen· in 1973 and 1974, when coal prices 1777, by action of the Continental Con­ Hanover Township near Pottstown. The to electric utilities increased in the 150% to money was hidden in a Lutheran church, of 200% range in less than 12 months. These gress, he became the first Treasurer of which Hillegas' mother was a member, and incredible increases were in no way cost re­ the United States. proved vital in helping to finance the up­ lated,· but simply reflected "coal's" response As a recent article in the Philadelphia surge of the Continental Army, which began to the oil embargo. Inquirer points out, the noted histo!'ian the following year. Sharply higher natural gas, oil, and coal Rev. Michael Reed observed that ''Hille­ Beginning in 1~ 907, probably as a result of prices will mean even higher priced electric­ gas served in the difficult first years of Minnich's biography, and continuing through ity. We all know that electric rates are al­ government, when the war of arms was 1922, U.S. $10 gold notes carried a portrait ready approaching levels which may well of Hillegas, under which appeared his name deny this basic energy source to millions of matched only by a contest of intellect: and the legend "First Treasurer of the U.S." low income citizens. Grop~ng uncharted risks requiring great­ Except for that relatively minor recognition, I urge you to do everything in your power est possible :..kill, method, and integ­ however, Hillegas and his accomplishments to: (1) maintain present price controls on rity before enacted laws had become have been in historical limbo for almost two domestic crude oil, and, (2) to support con­ systemized. These were testing and try­ centuries. · tinued reasonable controls on the price of ing times." natural gas, such as those set forth in S. 692. In this Bicentennial Congress, I believe With kindest regards and best wishes. it is important that we recall our herit- FEDERAL RESERVE'S STRINGENCY Sincerely yours, THREATENS TO SHORTCHANGE HUGH A. WELLS. . age and the great achievements of our forgotten patriots. The great achieve­ ECONOMIC RECOVERY ments of our forebears must not be over­ looked. I would like to share with my HENRYs~. H.R. 8572 WOULD HELP ALL colleagues the article from the Philadel­ HON. REUSS VETERANS phia Inquirer telling of the significant OF WISCONSIN contribution of Michael Hillegas: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. CHRISTOPHER J. DODD JULY 28, 1775-200 YEARS AGO: CONGRESS Tuesday, July 29, 1975 DEBATES THE APPOINTMENT OF A 'TREASURER OF CONNECTICUT Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, many econ­ (By Edgar Williams) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES omists are warning that the Federal Re­ It was hot and humid in Philadelphia, serve Board's monetary policy today is Tuesday, July 29, 1975 and the members of the COntinental Con­ gress were getting fidgety. It wasn't just the failing to provide the nourishment Mr. DODD. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ weather that made them so. The delegates needed to pull the economy out of its cently introduced legislation to recognize were determined to adjourn by Aug. 1 for a slump. With nearly 9 percent of the work representatives of the Polish Legion of six-week recess that would enable them to force unemployed, industry operating at American Veterans as claims agents for return to their home colonies to check grass­ only two-thirds of capacity, and demand claims arising under laws administered roots opinion. So, despite the heat, Congress very slack in most sectors of the.economy, by the Veterans' Administration, in the had speeded up its pace. it is disturbing to see interest rates climb­ same way as representatives of the Dis­ On July 21, it had tabled Benjamin ing back up. Franklin's plan for articles of confederation, abled American Veterans, the Veterans because the plan smacked too much of in­ An editorial and separate commentary of Foreign Wars, the United Spanish War dependence for some delegates and went too in the issue of Business Week magazine Veterans, the American National Red far in the creation of centralized power to dated August 4, 1975, emphasize that the Cross, and the American Legion are rec­ suit others. The same day, it had appointed kind of food-and-fuel inflation we have ognized. commissioners to negotiate peace with the been suffering does not call for blunder­ This legislation would provide another Indian tribes, and on July 26 it had estab­ bus monetary treatment, and that the avenue for many of our veterans who lished a. Post Office Department, with Frank­ "erratic, stop-go course the Fed has been need assistance in dealing with the Vet­ lin as postmaster general. Now, on Friday, July 28, Congress was following" endangers the steady re­ erans' Administration. Through enact­ debating the appointment of a. treasurer for covery we need: ment of this legislation, representatives the united colonies. The next day, unable to CLAMPING DOWN . TOO SOON of the Polish Legion of American Vet­ choose between two outstanding candidates, The first faint signs of economic recovery erans could go before the Board of Vet­ Congress named them both, styling them seem to have thrown the Federal Reserve into erans Appeals for a member of the or­ "Continental treasurers." anoth~:z: fit of anxiety about future inflation. ·ganization to present the veteran's case. The two were Philadelphia. merchants, It is not even certain yet that an uptrend July 29, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF "REMARKS 25805 has begun, but the money managers are farm prices are nevertheless rising. The other its present commitments to those third sWinging back toward tight credit as though area of price trouble, however, is not the re­ world nations involved in the expelling they were dealing with a roaring boom. sult of bad luck. The Administration's levy move. Further, the resolution provides This week the Fed sold Treasury bUls out on crude-on imports is part of the reason of its portfolio, a heavy-handed move de­ gasoline prices jumped 3% In June and will that the United States would consider signed to push interest rates up and shrink jump again in July and August. seriously the implications of continued t he bank reserves that are the basis of the Administration spokesmen try to explain membership in the United Nations un­ nation's money supply. As a result, bank away the June surge in the CPI by saying der such circumstances. lending rates went up, with New York's First that it Is confined to these areas. But this I am hopeful that the House will join National City Bank leading the way to a doesn't get economic policy off the hook. The with the Senate in passing this resolu­ 7~% prime rate. demand for food and gasoline is inelastic; the tion. It is imperative that we emerge in This is a dangerously high rate for an amount consumed doesn't fall much when the forefront of opposition to this brazen economy just turning the corner of the worst the price rises. As a consequence, the strain recession in nearly four decades. Loan de­ imposed on consumer budgets by rising food and dangerous move. Thus far the reso· mand is still soft. Homebuilding, which and gas prices is felt most heavily by other lution enjoys the support of some 50 of usually leads the economy out of a slump, is industries, notably those that produce dura­ my colleagues. I urge additional support still fiat on its back. Capital spending is lag­ ble goods where consumer demand is highly and hope that it can be considered prior ging. Money should be cheap; instead, it is so postponable. These must improve if unem­ to the recess. dear that borrowers already worry about the ployment is to be cut. At this point in the RECORD I would possibility of another credit crunch before Fed hangup. All of this seems to be lost like to insert the remarks oi Foreign yearend. on the Federal Reserve Board, which, on the Minister Yigel Allon before the Knesset The Fed can point out that earlier this evidence, Is suffering from a psychological discussing Israel's status in the United year the money supply was groWing con­ hangup resulting from a determination not Nations. I urge all my colleagues to read siderably faster than the 5% to 7 ~ % target to repeat past policy errors. It is this hangup it has set for the 12 months ending in that explains the rise in Interest rates in the this material and join me in support of March, 1976. Slow growth is necessary now to face of weak loan demand. In a determined House Resolution 615. bring the average into line With the goal. effort to keep the growth of the money sup­ Mr. Allon's remarks follow imme­ But the basic duty of the Fed is to pro­ ply from exceeding 5% to 7~% on an annual diately: mote the economic health of the nation, not basis, the Federal Reserve has sold Treasury ISRAEL'S STATUS IN THE UNITED NATIONS bllls over the past couple of weeks to shrink to make the statisticians happy. The 5 % to I do not make light--and I do not propose 7~% growth rate was probably too low to bank reserves. It may well turn out to be an irony of that any of us make light--of the threat re­ begin with. If the economy needs faster cently posed to Israel's status in the UN as growth to finance recovery, there can be no history that the lingering impact of the Watergate year of 1972 is felt mainly In the a member of equal standing in all respects. excuse for treating the old numbers as though Admittedly, the expulsion of Israel from they were graven on stone. formulation of economic policy. Money sup­ ply growth rose to 9% that year. And the membership of the United Nations Orga­ In its present, hesitant stage, the recovery nization does not appear imminent at this needs nurturing. It needs ample credit at Fed was stung with the criticism that it de­ liberately engineered rapid money growth as time-so long as such a decision is in the moderate rates, and it needs some assurance hands of the Security Council. But in the that policy Will not change abruptly in the a contribution to Richard Nixon's reelection. light of the current composition of the Gen­ near future. The erratic, stop-go course the The record is still opaque on this point, but eral Assembly, and the motives that deter­ Fed has been following could easily abort the the criticism neverthele'ls haunts Federal Re­ mine the position of most of its members, upturn and give the country a "double-dip" serve Board Chairman Arthur F. Burns as the there does exist a tangible risk that a deci­ recession. U.S. again moves close to a Presidential sion will be taken which may adversely af­ election. fect our status in the UN, whether by pre­ THE DANGERS OF ABORTING THE RECOVERY The Fed is also upset by what happened venting our participation in the General in May and June, when a decision to finance The economic recovecy is no more tlian Assembly's debates, or by some other means. the tax rebates with fresh money raised the Israel will regard any such decision, any 10 weeks old. Yet it is already running into money supply growth rate to more than 15%, the kind of trouble that is almost certain measure prejudicial to its status, 1! passed, a figure far higher than the Fed had ex­ as an extremely grave step, utterly incom­ to force some changes in economic policy. pected. The current throttling back in the The past few weeks have seen two eco­ patible with the UN Charter, a step which in rate of monetary growth therefore results fact--and first and foremost--undermines nomic developments that are far more usual from a mixture of both long-run and short- in an upturn that is aging than in one that the United Nations Organization itself and run concerns. - its declared purposes. · · is still robustly youthful, let alone in an em­ The surge in farm prices does demonstrate bryonic stage: that the Administration shares the plight of SHEER MOCKERY Prices are surging. The Consumer Price In­ the ordinary individual: Neither is total mas­ To recall today the expressions of hope and dex rose at a 9.6% annual rate in June, about ter of his own fate. However, it would be a faith which at the time-at the close of the tWice as fast as in May and far faster than mistake to respond to the new outburst of most terrible of wars-attended the estab­ anyone either inside or outside the Adminis­ commodity inflation by keeping policy tight. lishment of the United Nations would sound tration had expected. Nor is the June surge Short of provoking a massive recession, there like sheer mockery. The UN has experienced in inflation likely to prove a one-month is simply no way that tight money and fiscal a precipitous decline since those remote days wonder. Led by raw agricultural products, policy can stop food prices from rising. It when its founding was attended by lofty sensitive commodity prices surged forward in policy doesn't ease now, there is an excel­ aspirations for the establishment of a new July after three months of decline. This lent chance that the recovery wlll never world order, based on the peaceful solution jump is almost certain to feed into consumer really get going. The policy consequence of conflicts, as stated in the orotund Pream­ prices in July, August, and September. The would be a swing toward economic planning ble to its Charter-which speaks, inter alia, economy is therefore faced with adjusting and capital allocation. This is surely the of the saving of "future generations from the to what will be, at a minimum, a three­ thing that President Ford wants least. scourge of war,'' of the creation of "condi­ month bulge in the inflation rate. · tions under which justice" can be main­ Short-term interest rates are shooting up, tained, and of the resolute determination of contrary to the expectation of most money the member states "to practice tolerance and market seers. Since reaching a low of 5% ON THE NEED TO KEEP ISRAEL :N live together in peace with one another as in mid-June, the yield on three-month good neighbors." This Preamble sounds as Treasury: bills has risen by more than one THE UNITED NATIONS though it had come from another world percentage point, and the federal funds rate Israel has been a member of the U;,_lted 1 has climbed from 5.15% to about 6%%. The Nations for 26 years-since May 11, 1949--and rise in short-term rates is remarkable; in· .HON. MARIO BIAGGI we cannot complain "&hat we have been ventory cutting is apparently continuing and business loan demand is weak. OF NEW YORK spoiled by it. Even the positive and historic Partly luck. What has gone wrong? There - IN THE HOUSE-OF REPRESENTATIVES Resolution of November 29, 1947, when it is the old story about the man who wanted · was violated and put to the test by the a shotgun marriage rather than the other Tuesday, July 29, 1975 invasion of .the Arab States, left Israel on its kind because he preferred to be able to curse Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I have in­ own in the war for its existence, with the his luck rather than his judgment. To some troduced House_Resolution 615 express· UN, to all intents and purposes, standing extent, the rise in prices is simply bad luck. ing the disapproval of the House of Rep­ aloof. At that time, all we had was our own Food prices accounted for about half of the strength and the stabllity of our Zionist · June rise in the CPI. The Administration resentatives to the efforts by third world ·enterprise: without them, the Resolution for has done what it could to spur agricultural nations to have Israel expelled from the the establishment of the Jewish State would production. and record crops are predicted United Nations. The resolution provides have been no more than a dead letter. Since for t~is year. But the demand for temperate- that if this move is successful the United those distant days, we have s"LUfered much zone agrlcultuTal products 1s so s~rong that States would undertake a close review of from a discriminatory attitude. We have ex .. 25806 .EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 29, 1975

pertenced a lengthy chain of disappoint­ de~onstrates, not always without success. Bl!!CIPB.OCITT-T'HJC' ONLY BASIS ments !rom the UN, whether as an instru­ The same applies to the abortive attempt of ment for preserving peace in the region, or as the Arab States. to suspend I.!rael hom the In any case,, If our enemies are permitted the international organization meant to give Assembly of the World Health Orga.nlzatlon­ to ac:compllsh t.hetr . design. and to under­ expression to new criteria of relations marked and to the courageous decision of the Govern­ mine Israel's status in the UN, the nations by peace, respect and mutual cooperation ment of Canada, which refused to host the of the world wlll not be a}?le to expect us to among its members. UN Conference on Crime Prevention in take such an arbitrary attack lying down. Toronto. Israel will be able to exist, to advance and RESOLUTION 242 AND 338 to develop even without the UN. But we, for Nonetheless, we have not despaired the At this time, too, we are 1n the midst of a oi difficult campaign in resisting the efforts of our part, will not be able to act towards the United Nations, which, as it stands, stlll the Arab States-expressed in the decision of UN other than on a basts of reciprocity. constitutes the sole polltical framework for the Moslem Foreign Ministers in Jedda on Should the UN undermine evea one of all the nations of the world. We cooperated, the 16th of this month-to undermine our Israel's rights as an equal member of the to the utmost of our abllity, in the construc­ status and deprive us of our rights in the world organization, Israel must not be ex­ tive operations carried out by various bodies United Nations Organization itself. Indeed, pected to pay attention to the views of the in the economic, social and cultural spheres, in recent days. a number of enlightened UN, or to cooperate with it, either in the and the provisions of aid to developing coun­ countries have made important and unequiv­ region or ln the world, as it has done until tries. We also gave our consent to Security ocal statements against the Arab scheme. Of now. In such an event-should it indeed Council Resolutions 242 and 338, as resolu­ these, I shall note the statements by tl:ie come to pass-Israel will have to reconsider tions establishing-as they stand-the only Ame1ican Secretary of State. the Resolution its pollcy towards UN activities, including basis on which we would negotiate with our of the Heads of Government of the European the role being fulfilled by the UN and its in­ neighbors, whether for an overall peace, or Community, the forceful Resolution of the stitutions in the efforts to establish and pre­ for interim settlements on the road to peace. American Senate and the official declarations serve peace in the region. The suspension of And it is noteworthy that the rN-as the of the Governments of France, Holland, Aus­ Israel's participation in the debates of the body that counter-signed the Disengage­ tria, Britain, Denmark, Norway. and, of General Assembly, or any other undermining ment Agreements between Israel and Egypt course, Ca.nada. of its status, may prove to be the suspension and between Israel and Syria, as the body In this sphere, Israel wm, of course, con­ of the UN itself, or a blow to the authority that helped to convene the Geneva Confer­ tinue. extend and deepen its struggle, both and work of its own institutions. ence and whose Secretary-General chaired in the diplomatic arena and on the Informa­ The substance of the campaign is stm be­ its first session, as the body in charge· of the tion front. fore us, and r shall not prophesy how it wlll Emergency Force in Sinai and the Golan, end. There is a chance of success in our ef­ and responsible for its financing, and as the THE AUTOMATIC HANDS forts. I move that the subject be referred to body one of whose agencies is responsible Yet I am obliged in all candor to tell the the Defense and Foreign Affairs Committee for the welfare of the Arab refugees-it is House: We must not delude ourselves. How­ for continued consideration. noteworthy that the UN is Involved in our ever positive and unequivocal may be the region to a far greater degree than 1n any declarations made, and yet to be delivered, other region in the world. by enlightened countries, whatever promlses v.e have received from a whole list of coun­ A TEST FOR UN ITSELF trle::;-t:'lese alone, I fear, will not suffice. The SMOKING AND ACCIDENTS As I have noted, the United Nations has issue confronting us Is not a matter of jus­ very little left of its original alms, but even tice and law. If that were the case. had these this little is absolutely conditional upon the been the determining criteria, we would have M~KAY observance of the fundamental principles had nothing to worry about. The trouble is HO . GUNN underlying its foundation and inscribed in its that, with the unrestrained tyranny of the OF UTAH Charter. Primary among these are the prin­ artificial majority which rules the Unit-ed IN THE HOUSE OF' REPRESENTATIVES ciples of the universality of membership in Nations by its votes, there is no idea-how­ the organization and the sovereign equality ever twisted, lllegal or crazy it may be-that Tuesday, July 29, 1975 of all its members. Article 2 of the UN Char­ cannot be assured of an automatic majority. Mr. McKAY. Mr. Speaker, for years ter clearly establishes that "the Organization If this effort is not vigorously opposed and we have been aware of the hazards of is based on the principle of the sovereign nipped in the bud, the automatlc hands wlll disease as a result of smoking. Recently, equality of all its members." Anyone who always be raised. The aim of the ramified ac­ is robs the UN of these fundamental principles tivity that we are developing in a systematic however, science finding out that there not only robs it of its last remaining breath, effort to preserve our rights in the U.N. to the are other health and social problems re­ but opens a door which must lead to the full is not so much to prevent a majority lated to this practice. I would like to final collapse of the entire organization. after the resolutions are presented and the submit an article published recently in From this decisive point of view, the machinations carried out in the Assembly it­ the Deseret News in Salt Lake City, and machinations of the Arab States against self-here, I am afraid, the countries of oil I hope it will be of interest to my col­ Israel's status in the UN constitute more of and fanaticism will always achieve a tech­ leagues. a test for the UN itself than for Israel. Should nical majority; the aim is to deter the plot­ The article follows: it surrender to these machinations, it is the ters even before they arrive at the Assembly. UN that ·wm suffer by bringing about its own In order to achieve this, the enlightened SMOKING AND ACCIDENTS self-liquidation-not only as an international countries that are concerned about the fate The research team of Adams and Williams forum which ca.n claim to possess any sort of of the U.N. will have to take more vigorous of Columbia. University, making a study of moral validity, but also as a means-however measures than they have done so far, in the the relationships between traffic accidents 1lawed and defective-for the promotion of spirit of the Resolution adopted last week by and smoking tobacco, came up with some peace in the region and the world. the U.S. Senate. In other words, the respon­ interesting facts. rt would, therefore, be advisable for all the sible countries will have to make it crystal­ They learned that in both high-accident UN member States-and, in this connection, clear to those who are plotting the attack on and median-accident groups, most of the perhaps, especially the countries numbered us, as well as to their potential partners, drivers were smokers. In contrast to that among the Third World-to remember well that the fate of Israel in the U.N. will deter­ they discovered that the no-accident groups the fate of the first international organiza­ mine the fate of the U.N. itself, and that if studied had relatively few smokers among tion, the League of Nations, when it estranged Israelis suspended from the deliberations of them. itself from the fate of another small nation­ the Assembly, or if its status is affected in says their report: "Data. were available with Information on Ethiopia-which was then struggling for its any way, its friends, through their solidarity with it, and through their concern for the the driving accident a.nd violation records survival. fate of the U.N. itself, will see to it that Israel of 1,025 male-insurance appllcants between ATTEMPT TO ISOLATE ISRAEL shall not find itself alone in thls position. If the ages of lS and 25 years. Most of these Israel is, of course, aware of the stubborn there is a time and place at which the specific young men were students. attempt of the Arab countries to isolate us influence of the responsible countries can "On the basis of these records, subjects in the world and to ostraciz-e us from what is finally put an end to the irresponsible tyr~ were divided into three accident-violation termed "the family of nations." This is a anny of the automatic majority in the U.N.­ groups-a low group which had no accidents cunning and continuous effort, which had thls is the time, and this is the place. or violations, a high group whose driving its beginnings several years ago, and which Israel 1s entitled to expect such support, licenses had been suspended or revoked, and pins Its hopes on the hypocrisy, the cynical not only from those countries which are its a medium group which had accidents and-or selfishness and the cowardice which, to our outspoken friends, but also from those coun­ violations on their records, but not enough regret, characteriZe tbe behavior of a large trtes that stlll hold dear what remains of for suspension of llcense. number of countries in the International the image of the UN as the organization of .. The total sample was divided randomly Sphere. the world's nations. Fo;r, without Israel as a into sub-samples of equal size to see if Against. these repeated machinations. we member with equal rights, there wUl be- no results In one sub-sainple would 'be eon­ are engaged in an unremitting struggle, both universality and equality 1n the UN. And firmed In the second. When the three. groups V1s-a.:-v1s enlightened public oplnlon and In without universality and equality, the. UN were compared as to proportions of smokers every international forum-and, as the expe­ will not be the United Nations. The matter in each group, we found the following: rience of our struggle against UNESCO is in their hands. "In sub-sample 1: July 30, 1975 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 25807 "No accident-violation group, 18.6% high accident-violation category 1s statis­ "With this evidence, some insurance com­ smoked; · tically significant (chi square test). A sug­ panies have compared the driving records of "Median accident-violation group, 32.9% gested explanation of this association might a. group of nonsmoker life policyholders, a smoked; begin by noting that nicotine, like alcohol, comparable group of smokers, and found "High accident-violation group, 54.3% is a. habit-forming drug. the results to be similar to the Columbia smoked; "The habitual smoker or drinker depends Study. "In sub-sample 2: on an agent external to himself-the drug­ "On the basis of this survey, they con­ to attain a. desired psychological state. 'Psy­ ducted tests in two states which supported "No accident-violation group, 15.9% chogenic dependence is the common de­ the findings and conclusions of their re­ smoked; nominator of all drug habits. search. They now offer the nonsmoker policy "Median accident-violation group, 25.8% "Heavy reliance on drugs may be indica­ in all the states where they do business." smoked; tive of overdependency. This relates to ac­ Airline pilots have become interested in "High accident-violation group, 37.5% cident involvement in that overdependency this matter, and have carried a full discus­ smoked. is the opposite of responsibllity, the essen­ sion of the reports in their publication known "The higher proportion of smokers in the tial basis of safety consciousness. as "The Cockpit". HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Wednesday, July 30,1975 The House met at 10 o'clock a.m. House is requested, bills of the House of cost-of-living increase because it is the The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, the following titles: big spenders in Congress who cause the D.D., offered the following prayer: H.R. 49. An act to authorize the Secretary cost of living to rise through deficit Restore unto me the joy of Thy salva­ of the Interior to establish on certain public spending. tion; and uphold me with Thy tree lands of the U.S. national petroleum reserves Consider the self-serving irony: First, the development of which needs to be regu­ Congress votes itself an automatic cost­ spirit.-Psalms 51: 12. lated in a manner consistent with the total 0 God, our Father, help us to use this energy needs of the Nation, and for other of-living increase; then it continues to day in such a way that Thou canst hal­ purposes; vote for big spending programs which low it with Thy blessing and glorify it H.R. 2559. An act to amend title 39, United will create an $80 billion deficit next with Thy presence. May we be strong States Code, to apply to the U.S. Postal Serv­ year; the deficit forces the Federal Re­ enough to do the things we ought to do ice certain provisions of law providing for serve to print more paper money to pay and com·ageous enough not to do the Federal agency safety programs and respon­ the Government's bills which in turn in­ things we ought not to do. Grant us faith sibilities, and for other purposes; and creases inflation; inflation dl·ives up the H.R. 5247. An act to authorize a local publio cost of living and Congress automatically to stand for what is right and good and works capital development and investment true that we may lead our Nation along program. gets a pay raise. the way to peace on Earth, good will The American people would be better among men. The message also announced that the off if Congress got a pay decrease when Bless those who are near and dear to Senate had passed a bill of the following the cost of living went up and a pay in­ us. Strengthen them with Thy Spirit. title, in which the concurrence of the crease when the cost of living went down. Bless all who are walking along the paths House is requested: Then we might see more :fiscal respon­ of sorrow, sickness, and adversity. Com­ S. 2173. An act to fully explore and de­ sibility in Washington. fort them with Thy power. velop the naval petroleum reserves of the Bless our Nation with Thy favor. Make United States and to permit limited produc­ tion with revenues derived therefrom to be AMENDING THE RAILROAD UNEM7 us as a people one in spirit, one in pur­ placed in a special account, and for other PLOYMENT INSURANCE ACT TO pose, and one in an endeavor to keep our purposes. INCREASE UNEMPLOYMENT AND country free that in a real way we may SICKNESS BENEFITS be a channel for peace in our world. Amen. PERSONAL EXPLANATION Mr. STAGGERS. Mr. Speaker, I ask