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Home , Baby Islands, Rootok Island, Tigalda Island, Unimak Island

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TRIP REPORT

:PEDITION TO BOGOSLOF AIID AMAK ISLANDS, WITH NOTES ON OTHER EASTERN

June 24 through July 8, 1973 t-

Submitted by: . .. G. Vernon Byrd Acting Refuge Manager Aleutian Islands

August 1973

FWLB 8796 ..

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TRIP REPORT

:PEDITION TO BOGOSLOF AND A"1AK ISLANDS, WITH NOTES ON OTHER EASTERN ALEUTIAN ISLANDS

June 24 through July 8, 1973 ~

Submitted by: >; ... G. Vernon Byrd Acting Refuge Manager Aleutian Islands National Wildlife Refuge

August 1973 --, ~I ~I 81 . o I ~I ARLIS ~ Resources Library & Information Sen1cl AnclLr.:Ag;_' ,.;Jaska '

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TRIP REPORT EXPEDITION TO BOGOSLOF AND P.J~AK ISLANDS, WITH NOTES ON OTHER EASTERN ALEUTIAN ISLANDS ·:··'. June 24 through July 8, 1973

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Introduction

One of the programs of the Aleutian Islands National Wildlife Refuge is to locate and census colonial nesting seabirds and marine mammals on the refuge. From June 24 through July &t 1973 the refuge•s research vessel Aleutian Tern was used to conduct such a survey in the eastern Aleutian Islands.

The main objectives of this expedition were to conduct detailed bio­ logical reconnaissances of Bogoslof and Amak Islands.

At Bogoslof we employed several census methods (e.g. estimates and counts from the ship, counts from the beach, and counts from photographs) for cliff nesting birds. Kittiv1ake and cormorant nests were counted, but murres had to be dealt with in terms of the number of birds seen, since they do not build nests. Other species of birds nesting on Bogoslof were censused by actual counts or sample counts where possible. Steller•s sea lions were counted, and Bogoslof was floristically mapped. It was our intention to record data in such a way that subsequent investigators visiting Bogoslof could use the same methods \'/e employed and compare their data with ours to detect major changes in the status of Bogos1of•s flora and fauna.

At Amak cliff nesting birds and marine mammals were counted from the ship.

The relative abundance of bird species \'/aS determined by walking o\'er the AJFrrlltS Alaska Resources Library & Information SerVlce,:; Anc 1~ ~r-~{'... 1\ 1 k 14 '-" ""e:~. ·-~~as ,a -2-

island. A skiff was used to count a segment of cliff for comparison with the count from the ship. The type of intensive census work done at Bogoslof \'las not conducted at Amak.

Birds and marine mammals on Fire Island, near Bogoslof, and , near Amak, were censused from the Aleutian Tern, and island cliffs were photographed.

We noted birds and marine mammals in all the other areas visited during the expedition, but we spent little time ashore anyv1here except Unalaska and Port Moeller.

This report includes most of the data we collected, but some of the information collected at Bogoslof is not included since analysis is not yet complete. The :Bogoslof data \'lill be analysed and readied for pub- lication in a scientific journal.

Expedition Members (All Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife personnel) George Putney Master-Engineer, Aleutian Tern Kristian Anderson CooK-Deckhand, Aleutian Tern *Gordon Hatson Area Director, Alaska Area *Edgar Bailey Assistant Refuge l4anager, Iiembek NWR George Di voky Wildife Biologist

Vernon Byrd Acting Refuge Manager, A1 eutian Is 1 ands N'..JR * Aboard June 24 through July 2 Itinerary (all times Alaska Daylight Savings time) June 24 0600 Depart Cold Bay on M/V Aleutian Tern 0800 ·Arrive King Cove (for fresh \'t'atery­ 0930 Depart King Cove Proceed across mouth of Cold Bay -3-

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1100 Arrive Amagat Island (census birds) Proceed past Cape Pankof to Bird Island (census birds and marine mammals) 1650 Arrive Rock Island (census birds and marine marrunals) 2061 Anchor near Cape Lutke, June 25 0800 Depart Cape Lutke Proceed across Unimak Pass (observe birds) 1100 Arrive (survey fauna on south side) 1200 Arrive Kaligagan Island (census birds and marine mammals) 1300 Arrive (survey fauna on south side)·· 1400 Arrive Derbin Island (census birds and marine mammals) 1700 Arrive (census birds and marine mammals) 2100 Arrive Unalaska, June 26 1420 Depart Unalaska 2000 Start transect 10 miles southeast of 2100 End transect .25 mile off southwest end of Bogo~lof 2200 Anchor near Bogoslof June 27 0500 Depart Bogoslof (due to strong wind) 1100 Anchor Chernofski Harbor, Unalaska June 28 1000 Depart Chernofski Harbor 1247 Start transect 14 miles south of Bogoslof 1405 End transect 1 mile of southwest end of Bogoslof 1430 Start census of cliff nesting birds at Bogoslof 1715 End census of cliff nesting birds 2000 Went ashore Bogoslof, set up camp June 29-30 Census birds and marine mammals on Bogoslof from on shore July 1 1200 Leave shore camp site, board Aleutian Tern, Bogoslof 1400 Start census of birds and marine mammals Fire Island 1500 End census of Fire Island 1530 Start transect 1 mile north of Fire Island 1612 End transect 8 miles north of Fire Island 1630 Start transect 3 miles southeast of tenninatfon point of previous transect 1706 End transect 5 miles due east of Fire Island (length of transect 6 miles) . · · · 1740 Start transect 12 miles east northeast of Bogoslof 1840 End transect 10 miles later on northeast course 2300 Arrive Unalaska, Unalaska Island -4-

July 2 In port Unalaska. Conduct brief biological reconnaissance of southern 195 acres of .hrnaknak Island (this is refuge area)

July 3 1130 Depart Unalaska on M/V Aleutian Tern 1430-1530 Census birds and marine mammals on north side and east of Unalga Island 1530-1550 Count Hhiskered Auklets in Baby Pass 1550-1610 Observe birds in Baby Islands 1900-2100 Observe birds from Basalt Rock (north of Avatanak Island) to Ti~alda Bay, Tigal~a Island 2100 Anchor Tigalda Bay 2200-2330. Observe birds on shore at head of Tigalda Bay 2330 Back aboard Aleutian Tern July 4 0730 Depart Tigalda Bay 0910 Start transect 5 miles of Sennet Pt., Unimak Island 1030 End transect near Cape Sa.ri chef, Unimak 1030-1850 Observe birds and marine mammals along the north side of Unimak Island 1850 Start transect 10 miles west of 1940 End transect 1 mile west of Amak 2000-2100 Census birds and marine mammals on Amak from M/V Aleutian Tern 2130 . Anchor near Amak July 5 0930 Go ashore Amak 0930-1400 Observe birds and mammals on shore Amak 1600-1930 Census birds on cliff (Seg. l) of Amak from skiff 1930 Back aboard 11/V Aleutian Tern July 6 0930 ·Depart Amak anchorage . 0930-1010. Observe birds around Amak 1010-1030 Census birds and marine mammals on Sea Lion Rock 1040 ·start transect 1 mile east northeast of Sea Lion Rock 1132 End trans~ct 10 miles east northeast of Sea Lion Rock (course 045° M) 1132-2130 Observe birds north of 2130 Anchor Port t~oe ller · July 7-8 Anchored Port Hoe ller. Ashore each day for several hours observing birds near beach. ·· July 9 1330 Depart Port Moeller aboard J{eeve Aleutian Ainvays 1530 Arrive Co 1d Bay ., -5-

Bird and Mammal Observations~ Date and Location

June 24 Across mouth of Cold ~ Glaucous-winged Gull - A few scattered birds were seen. Hew Gull - Several were noted Black-legged Kittiwake - Less than 10 birds were observed. Pigeon Guillemot - Only a few \'/ere present. Parakeet Auklet - A single bird was tallied. Horned Puffin - A few were scattered across the area. Amagat Island (only looked along south side) least Auklet - Eight were seen near the island. ·Puffins- l4e estimated 5000 birds; most were Tufted. LeRoy So\'tl, Ed Bailey, and George Divoky estimated 150,000 puffins (both species apparently present in nearly equal numbers) about a week earlier at this island. They visited the island at 1900; we were there at 1100. Cape Pankof, Unimak Island

Red-faced Cormorant- A small colony, 15-20 pairs, were seen. Glaucous-\vinged Gull - An estimate of 1500 \'tas recorded. Black-legged Kitti\•lake -An estimated.SOOO birds were seen near the · Cape, but no nesting cliffs were identified. Pigeon Guillemot - A few were seen. Puffins -Both species \vere present; neither in large numbers. Bird Is 1and

Red-faced Cormorant- About 30 pairs nested on the island•s east end, and fe\·ler than 10 pairs used the \vest end. Bald Eagle - A nest, with an adult present, was observed on the island's southeast tip. Glaucous-winged Gull - An estimated 5000-6000 bi_rds used the island's east end, and 1500 were estimated for the west end. Black-legged Kittiwake - A total of 400-500 was seen on the east end of the island. · Cotmnon ~1urre - f·1urres were nesting on both ends of the island. All positively identified were of this species. An estimated 3000- 5000 birds ivere seen on the east end, and 10,000-12,000 nested on the \

Steller's Sea Lion - Twenty sea lions were counted on the v1est side. Rock Island (small island west of Lazaref Reef, Unimak Island) Pelagic Cormorant- A single nest was observed in the othervtise totally Red-faced Cormorant colony. Red-faced Cormorant - An estimate of 300 was recorded for the island. Bald Eagle -A pair of adults was observed, but no nest could be seen. Glaucous-winged Gull -A total of 130-150 gulls was present. Black-legged Kitth1ake - A count of 210 nests was registered. Tufted Puffin - About 50 birds were present. June 25 Cape Lutke, Unimak Island ( near tip Red-faced Cormorant - About 30 pairs nested in two distinct colonies of about 15 pairs each. Glaucous-~inged Gull - Several hundred were scattered around the Cape. Puffins - A few of both species were seen. Steller's Sea Lion - A total of 75 was counted. Arch Point, Unimak Island White-winged Seater - A single bird was seen.- Red-faced Cormorant - A raft of 50 birds v1as seen near shore, and another 50 were scattered in the area. No nests were seen. Common f1urre -No colony vtas seen, but birds \•tere scattered in the area. Marbled Murrelet -A pair was recorded. Unimak Pass Fulmar - Several thousand were seen. Of 200 counted, two were of light phase. Ugamak Island (only east and south side seen) Common Murre- About 10 birds seen near the southwest tip. Pigeon Guillemot- Approximately 20 birds vtere in Ugamak Bay. Horned Puffin - A total of 50 v1as estimated for the south side. Tufted Puffin -Estimates \'/ere: east facing side, 700; Ugamak Bay, 200; south west tip of island, 600. Kaligagan Island (east side and south tip surveyed) Red-faced Cormorant - A tot a1 of 100 was seen. Common ~1urre- About 300 were recorded. Pigeon Guillemot - Approximately 100 birds were present. Tufted Puffin - Numbers boggled the mind! We estimated 250,000- 500,000 puffins seen. This estimate is very rough. -7-

Tigalda Island (south side surveyed} Red-faced Cormorant - A total of 60 nests was discovered. Derbin Island (south of Tigalda)

Double-crested Cormorant -A single bird 'liaS identified. Pelagic Cormorant - A total of 30 nests was recorded at the top of the Red-faced Cormorant colony. Red-faced Cormorant - A. tot a1 of 170-200 nests was recorded. Bald Eagle - A pair was seen near their nest. Black Oystercatcher- A lone bird \'Jas seen. Glacuous-\vinged Gull -At least 700-1000 birds were present; no fewer than 200 \'tere on nests. Pigeon Guillemot - Five were seen. Tufted Pu-fi n - Burr01·1s vJere seen over roost of the is 1and, and about 2000 birds were seen. (south side surveyed from a distance) ·Tufted Puffin -Only a few were seen. Baby Islands (around the group, then between islands) Common Eider - At least 30 and probably 50 were present. Red-faced Cormorant - About 20 pairs were seen. Glacuous-winged Gull - The group had 350-400 pairs of gulls nesting. Common f-.lurre -At least 100 were seen in the grass with puffins. Hany more may have been present. Pigeon Guillemot - About 60 \·Jere seen in the area. Ancient 1·1urrelet- Several hundred birds vJere seen. Parakeet Auklet - A single bird was identified. Crested Auklet -Two v:ere tallied. Hhiskered Auklet -At least 300 fed near the islands. Tufted Puffin - An estimated 60,000 were seen flying and many. more sat on hillsides. Each island had thousands of burrows. June 26

Unalaska ~ Fulmar - At least 50 were seen. Red-faced Cormorant - Only a few were present. Common 1·1urre - Severa 1 \vere recorded. Ancient iv1urrelet - Approximately 40 birds were tallied. Approaching Bogoslof (a transect v1as run from 10 miles out to l/4 mile from Bogoslof -visibility was limited to less than 1/16 mile at times) This transect is not listed in the transect section since visibility was too limited to guage the distance censused. Fulmar - Nine birds were counted. Red-faced Cormorant - Two were seen 9.5 miles from Bogoslof -8-

Glacous-winged Gull -Sixteen v1ere counted. Kittiwake - Two unidentified birds were noted. Murre- A total of 773 was logged. All positively identified were Thick-billed l~urres. Of the total murres recorded 55% 1·1ere seen within 3 miles of the island. Tufted Puffin -A total of 77 was tallied.

---June 27 Return to Chernofski Harbor, Unalaska to hide from storm. June 28

Cape_lQ~, Island (4.5 miles east of the Cape) Fulmar - An estimated 1000-2000 birds crossed the ships bow. Approaching Bogoslof A transect (#1) was established. See transect section for details. At Bogoslof Bogoslof Island was circled in the Aleutian Tern. The island's cliffs were divided into segments, and the numb~of murres present \~as estimated for each segment by three observers. After estimates were recorded, observers took as much time as they deerred necessary to formulate their best count of murres in the segment. The areas vtere photographed simultaneously. Cormorant and kitti1~ake nests were then counted. When the boat census was completed we went ashore and set up camp. June 29-30 Ashore Bogoslof We spent this period evalt:ating the island's flora and fauna from ashore. Direct counts l'lere made of the birds on those cliffs visible from shore. Glaucous-winged gulls, nesting on the vegetated plateau, \'iere counted, and clutch size was tallied for a s~ple of nests. Tufted puffin nesting areas \·Jere i denti fi ed, and the burro11s of this species were censused in the largest nesting area. Steller's sea lions were counted from the beaches. The vegetated plateau in the central part of the island was mapped. An annotated list of animal species observed on Bogoslof follows: Fork-tailed Storm Petrel - This species started calling each night about 30 minutes after dark. An estimated 500 birds used the area on the northern facing slope of the plateau. Two birds were caught by hand in the dark as they lit near us. A single bird was dug out of a burrow; it 1~as incubating an egg. The basaltic dome was not visited in darkness, so l'le did not confirm breeding there although we suspected it. -9-

Pe 1agi c Connorant - Two pe 1agi c connorant nests \'/ere seen on the · northwestern face of Castle Rock. Red-faced Cormorant - A total of 123 Red-faced Cormorant nests vtere counted on Bogoslof. All \'tere on the cliffs, and most (76 of the nests) v1ere near the southern end of the south\'testern facing scarp, south of Castle Rock. The other nests were scattered, each cliff segment having t\·o to ten nests. Of six nests we ·could view closely, two had one egg; one nest.had three eggs; one had four eggs.; and bto nests vtere err:pty. Harlequin Duck - Six were seen near shore by Hatson, June 29. Bald Eagle - A pair nested about 50 feet above the sand beach on the southern (inland facing) slope of the basaltic dome. An inactibe nest was observed about 100 feet from the active one, at about the same elevation. TriO large nestlings occupied the eyrie. He did not enter the nest but recorded food itens \·te could see from 10 feet av1ay. The nest contained remains of at least nine murres, several tufted puffins, a glacous-winged gull, and a sea lion pup. Peregrin Falcon - A long dark falcon, probably this species lit briefly near Divoky on the basaltic dow.€, June 30. . Glaucous-winged Gull -These gulls nested on the vegetated plateau and on the basaltic dome. Gulls sitting on the plateau \·tere counted with a spotting scope, and simultaneously gulls flying overhead v1ere tallied. A total of 735 birds Here observed on the plateau. Gulls loafing on the beaches were then tallied, 763 were added to the total. Another 200 glaucous-\'linged gulls v1ere estimated on the basaltic dome. In all, 1698 gulls were counted on Bogoslof. Contents of six nests 1·1ere tallied on the dome: two nests had one egg, one had two eggs, two had five eggs, and one nest had one egg and two ne\'Jly hatched young. On the plateau, 44 nests were scrutinized: four contained one egg, 14 nests had two eggs, 25 nests were empty, and a single nest contained one nestiing. Remains of murre eggs and fish were abundant in the gull colonies. A total of 10-20 gulls were found dead on the beaches, apparently killed when fighting bull sea lions mashed them. Herring Gull - A single adult was vie\ved near the south end of the island on June 30. Black-legged Kittiwake - This species nested on Castle Rock and on the basaltic dome. A total of 830 nests was tallied. Red-legged Kittiwake - At least 81 nests of this species \'/ere seen on the basaltic dome and on Castle Rock. Common and Thick-billed i-lurres -To fonnulate an estimate of the number of murres using the cliffs at Bogoslof at the time of our census, the counts made from the beach were used for those cliff segments for \vhich they \vere available, and the nur.:ber of murres on the other cliff segments was derived by using the average of the counts made from the boat by the three observers. Numbers of birds for each general area follow: -10-

South\vestern facing scarp, south of Castle Rock 3631 Southern peak of Castle Rock 9195 Castle Rock 12825 Northwestern facing scarp, north of Castle Rock 3009 Basaltic Dome 6328 East facing scarp 6427 Total 41,415 Of the total murres, at least 9,220 were Common Murres. This species was most common along the tops of the cliffs on the flat edges of the plateau and along the outer edges of the basaltic dome. Thick-billed Murres almost totally dominated the cliff faces. Snowy Owl - The remains of a bird vtere discovered on the southern portion of the plateau on July 1. · Winter Wren- This species v1as seen only on the basaltic dome. No population estimate was formulated, but at least four different birds were seen. Common Redpoll -A single bird was flushed from an Elymus patch near sea level on July 1. Song Sparrow - Song Sparrows were common on the. basaltic dome but were not seen elsewhere. A new containing four eggs was discovered at the bottom of a 12-inch deep crevass. He saw and heard at least six song sparrows on the southern end of the dome, and others were present in the dome's interior. A single specimen was taken. Steller's Sea Lion - Sea lions were counted by walking among them on the beach. Animals \'/ere noted as bulls, cows, or pups. No effort was made to be certain each pup counted was alive. The tot a1 count inc 1uded 900 bulls, 2,400 covts, and 2,328 ptJps for 5,628 animals.

~l Fire Is1.and ( estimates/counts were made from the. Aleutian Tern). Red-faced Connorant - Watson says not more than 100 birds \vere present, and Divoky counted only 20 nests. Black-legged Kittiwake -A total of 1,150 kittiwak~ nests was counted; most were of this species. · Red-legged Kitthvake -Only 20 nests were positively located. Common Murre - Of the 30,300 murres present, about 5,000 1·1ere this species. Thick-billed ~1urre- We estimated 34,300 thick-billed murres on the island. Pigeon Guillemot - A single bird was seen near the island. Parakeet Auklet - Four \vere seen in the \vater near the island. Horned Puffin - At least 10 were observed. Tufted Puffin - Approximately 300 birds stood alona the edges of the island's upper surface. Many more may have been on top, out of our view. · Fire Island to Unalaska

Four transects ( #2 through #5) were estab 1i shed.· See the transect section for details. -11-

l!l po.rt, Unalaska On , 195 acres on the southern end remain in the Aleutian Islands National Hildlife Refuge. This area \'laS visited to determine breifly what it contained. The northern portion of the refuge area has vLH. II buildings and debris scattered over much of it. The remainder is largely undistur0ed except for a W.H. II road 1-1hi ch runs through the refuge area to the southern tip of the island. Only general observations of vegetation were made. The species present were not recorded, but the flora has been previously described for this area. The birds and marine mammals were recorded as we smv them during a three­ hour walk over the area. An annotated list of species follows: Harlequin Duck - A few were seen along the shoreline. Red-breasted Herganser - Several Sl'/am near shore. G1 aucous-wi nged Gull - Fei·J were observed. Common Raven - Several were noted. Pigeon Guillemot - This species was present along the shoreline. Horned Puffin - A small colony (approximately 10 pairs) existed near the island•s southern tip. Bank Swa l1 ow - Burrows were found in t\

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Unalaska ~ Red-faced Cormorant - About 30 birds were seen Murre - At least 40 murres were present. They couldn•t be identified . to species. . ·Pigeon Guillemot -Approximately 20 guillemots were noted. Marbled Hurre1et - A total of 44 v1as counted. Tufted Puffin - A few were observed. Approaching Unalaa Island Short-tailed Shearwater -A single bird was tallied. Double-crested Cormorant - Two individuals Here noticed. -12-

Unalga Island (v1e surveyed from the Nvl tip to theSE tip along N side) Cormorants -The largest colony seen on this island v1as on the rocks off the eastern end of Malga Bay and contained 141 nests, (121 of red-faced cormorant and 20 of double-crested cormorant). A total of 416 cormorants (all red-faced except 50 birds) v1as recorded in this colony. At least h-10 other nesting colonies v1ere located along the island's shore. One contained 8-10 red-faced nests and 38 birds (36 red-faced and 2 double-cresteds), and the other had 15 red-faced nests and 95 birds ( all red-faced except 3 double­ cresteds). TviO cormorant 1oafi ng areas contained 55 red-faced and 7 double crested cormorants. Common Eider - At least 21 birds were seen. Har 1equi n Duck - T\venty were counted. Bald Eagle - An adult was seen near a nest containing at least one nestling. An additional pair of adults was seen on the island. Black Oystercatcher - At least four v1ere seen. Glaucous-winged Gull - At least 260 bi-rds were present. Pigeon Guillemot- Approximately 10 birds v1ere observed. An chi ent t~urre 1et - Tv10 were counted. Horned Puffin - A fe\v were present. Tufted Puffin - This species was common all along the island, especially near the southeastern tip. Song Sparrm'l ,.. An i ndi vi C:ua 1 was heard. Baby Pass Whiskered Auklet - A total bf 7,000 was tallied in the pass and in tide rips northwest of the Baby Islands. Tufted Puffin -Thousands of birds flew over, by, and around us. Baby Islands Tufted Puffin - Tens of thousands were in the air and thousands more sat in the grass on the islands. More than 100,000 birds may have been seen. Basalt Rock (north of Avatanak Island) to Derbin Strait Pigeon Guillemot - At least 100 birds were seen in the area. Crested Auklet - Approximately 20 birds were observed. Whiskered Auklet - A total of 720 birds was recorded. Tufted Puffin - Hundre:ls \·Jere scattered .over the area. Derbin Strait (north end1 Murre -Three unidentified murres were present. ~lhiskered Auklet - Fifty were counted. Tufted Puffin - Approximately 40 birds were identified. Derbin Strait to Tiaalda Bay (along the north side of Tigalda Island)

Gla•.!cous·winged Gull -Several hundred birds w~re tallied. -13-

Pigeon Guillemot - About 20 birds were seen. Whiskered Auklet - About 10 birds were encountered. Tufted Puffin - The species was common.

Ashore Tigalda ( \'le walked around the beach and along the stream at the head of the bay) Harlequin Duck - At least 15 were present. Common Nerganser - A total of 8-10 birds was recorded. Red-breasted f1erganser-· One female was noted Least Sandpiper - At least 40 birds were seen. Six or eight defensive birds were encountered, and others fed along the beach. Rock Sandpiper - Seven Here seen on the beach. Kittlitz•s t1urrelet- A single bird \·tas seen at the head of the bay. Savannah Sparrow - These were abundant Lapland Longspur - This species was abundant. Fox - Signs were commonly seen. Sea Otter ~ Four or five animals swam in the kelp near shore.

Unimak Pass A pelagic transect (#6) was run. See transect section for details. Cape Sarichef to Raven Point, u·nimak Island (1.5 mi"les offshore) Short-tailed Shean1ater - A total of 10 \'/as recorded. Fulmar - Of 105 birds tallied, 99 were dark phase and 6 were light. Double-crested Cormorant - A single bird \•/as viewed. Red Phalarope -At least 12 birds were seen. Glaucous-winged Gull - Only five were noticed. Black-legged Kitth;ake - Eight were counted. Murre - Ten birds were observed. Ancient Murrelet - About 30 birds were present. Parakeet Auklet - A total of four was . recorded. Tufted Puffin - About 50 puffins were noted. Cataract Cove, Unimak. Island (3 miles north) Short-tailed Shean1ater - \ole ran through tens of thousands of these birds. An estimate was absolutely impossible. Fulmar - Several hundred birds were near the shean1aters. Ancient t·1urrelet -These birds \·1ere fairly corrmon. Cassin's Auklet - Two birds were seen. Tufted Puffin - This species was fairly. common. Northwest of Cataract Cove Marbled Murrelet -At least seven \'lere positively identified, and two Brachyramphus were seen that could not be identified. -14-

Cape Mordvinof, Unimak Island

8nperor Goose- A single bird \•tas seen near shore. Red-faced Cormorant - About 100 birds loafed on rocks directly off the cape. Pigeon Guillemot - At least 10 were present. Horned Puffin - About 20 birds were counted. Tufted Puffin - Approximately 300 were encountered.

Urilia ~' Unimak Island Rough-legged Hawk -A bird showing golden feathers on the back and head and a \vhite tail with terminal black band \•/as seen just east of the bay on the headland. Marbled Murrelet - At least four were identified. Sea Otter- At least 15 animals, in two groups, porpoised far ahead of our vessel. Cape Lapin, Unimak Island Pomarine Jaeger- Two birds were seen directly off the cape. Slime Banks ( 4 miles off North Creek, Unimak Island)

Short~tailed Shean·1ater - Hundreds of thousands of sheanvaters \•1ere encountered in this area. Birds were visible as far as we could see in every direction. The denser flocks \·lere visible on the ship's radar. Every bird that could be positively identified was of this species. Perhaps a million birds were in the area. A_pproach ing Amak Island A transect (#7) was established. See transect section for details. Amak Island (we counted the birds on cliff colonies starting at the island's SW end and working around the island in a clockwise direction. Seven distinct colonies were identified) The counts by colony follow (see map of Amak for colony locations) Colon,z RF Conn. nests Nurres Bl Kitt. nests Horn. Puff. Sea lion 1 300(600 birds)* 40 47 80 2 65 113 3 410(649 birds) 60 32 7 4 123 1231 600 5 140 5 19 3700 428 6 840 407 278 7 0(200 birds) 620 .140

Totals 852 6536 1767 92 418 -15-

* part of this colony was not seen from the ship because of deep caverns. The colony was counted from a skiff the following day and 924 Red-faced Cormorant nests \'/ere located.

July 5 Ashore Amak Island Fork-tailed Storm Petrel -They appeared around the Aleutian Tern at night. Pelagic Cormorant - A careful search of every cormorant nest in Segment 1 revea 1ed t\'10 Pe 1agi c Cormorant nests. Red-faced Cormorant - Colony 1 was counted from the skiff, 50 feet from the base of the cliff, with binoculars. A total of 924 Red-faced Cormorant nests were seen. They were in all stages from eggs to near fledging young. Harlequin Duck - Several hundred (200-300) Harlequins seen around the island in the intertidal areas. Bald Eagle -Two active nests, with a pair of adults at each, were recorded on the cliffs. A single immature bird (probably a two yr. old) was se~n on the island. Ruddy Turnstone - A lone turnstone fed on the beach kelp. Western Sandpiper- Several flocks, totalir.g about 130 birds, fed on the kelp covered beach. Rock Sandpiper- Three were flushed from the b~ach. Glaucous-winged Gull - Few gulls were seen near the island (less than 50) and apparently none were nesting on Amak. Black-legged Kittiwake - A total of 65 nests were counted in Segment l from the skiff. Comnon l~urre - A tota 1 of 30 murres were counted in Col any l. This species \vas slightly more common in general than Thick-bills. Thick-billed Murre - Present on murre cliffs but less numerous than Common 1•1urre. Pigeon Guillemot- Approximately 10 birds were seen on the island's west side. , Crested Auklet - T\'10 were seen from boat near island. Horned Puffin- Only three birds \·Jere seen in Colony l. Tufted Puffin - Only three birds seen on cliffs. This species was more

corrrnon just north of Colony 1 9 but when \ve landed to inspect the· area no burrows were found. Bank Swallow - A single bird was seen on the NE end of Amak. Common Raven - Two seen flying over lower slopes of dome. Winter Wren - Several pairs were seen and others heard around the base of the rocky dome. Water Pipit - At least three birds in the area of meadow near the base of dome. Others heard on lower slopes of rocky dome. Gray-crmvned -Rosy Finch - Four or five birds were seen on the rocky dome and at its base. Savannah Sparrm'l - The species was. abundant over the meadmv. Golden-crowned Saprro\'1- Birds were conm:m in the meadmv and their call was common the rocky dome. Lapland Longspur - This species was common in the meadow. Red Rox - Two foxes we.re seen, others heard, and sign \'las common. SEA. LION ROCKS SEABIRD COLONIES ON AHAK ISLAND

#3

# 2

AMAK ISLA..'ID

I~

Scale: 1 inch = approximately ~ mile -17-

~te looked for Song Sparrows particularly since Amak is supposed to have a distinct race. We found none!

~§_ Sea Lion Rocks (north of Amak Island) Red-faced Cormorant - About 25 birds 1·1ere loafing on the rocks. Glaucous-winged Gull - Less than 50 birds vtere seen. No nesting suspected. Black-legged Kittiwake - A total of 37 nests was counted. Hurre -A total of 2,300 was estimated; most 1·1ere common murres. Tufted Puffin - Less than 50 birds were seen on top of the rock. Steller 1 s Sea Lion - About 710 animals were present. Leaving Sea Lion Rocks Apelagic transect (#8) was run. See transect section fer details. North of Nelson Lagoon Pale-footed Shearvtater- Two birds were observed 2.5 miles northeast of Island; their location was 56°03 1 N, 160°45 1 W. Short-tailed Shearwater - Several thousand birds were seen. Pomarine Jaeger - A single bird was noticed. Black-legged Kittiwake -This species l'tas very common; probably several thousand were scattered. Arctic Tern - Three were seen 2.5 miles offshore. Murre - Unidentified murres \'tere noted commonly. f~arbled ~1urrelet - A total of four was recorded. Horned Puffin - A few were seen. Tufted Puffin - Several birds appeared.

~7-8 Ashore, Port Hoeller (several hours each day) Greater Scaup - A lone fer:1ale 1vas seen in a small lake across the bay from the cannery. White-vtinged Seater - A flock of 10-12 1-1as seen in the mouth of t1oe11er Bay. Ruddy Turnstone - Two 1·1ere seen on the beach near the cannery. Least Sandpiper - This species \'las corrrnon in the marshy areas, \•/here defensive birds were encountered. Rock Sandpiper - A fev1 birds were seen on the rocky beaches. Common Snipe - A single bird 1·1as flushed from a marsh. . Northern Phalarope - These birds were seen regularly in marshy areas. Glaucous-winged Gull -These birds 1vere abundant near the cannery. Mew Gull - Flocks of 10-12 birds flel'l among the alder covered hillsides. Arctic Tern - This species rtas cor.mon on the low sand spit near the · cannery. -18-

Aleutian Tern -This species was fairly co!l1llon in the same area as the Arctic terns. Marbled Murrelet - A single bird was seen in the bay. Bank Swallow - Several were seen. Common Raven -This species was common. Black-capped Chickadee- At least one was seen in the alders and others heard. Hilson's vlarbler- Several were seen in the alders. Common Redpoll -This species was common in the alders. Golden-crowned Sparrow - Several were seen and heard. Savannah Sparrow - This species was abundant. Lapland Longspur - Longspurs were very common. \. -19-

Combined Annotated List of Species Seen During the Exoedition

Fulmarus glacialis. Fulmar. No nesting colonies were discovered, but Fulmars were commonly seen at sea. The largest concentration was noted 4.5 miles east of Cape Idak, Umnak Island.

Puffinus carneipes. Pale-footed Shearr~ater. Two \'tere seen 2.5 miles NE of Walrus Island, Alaska Peninsula on 6 July.

Puffinus tenuirostris. Short-tailed Shearwater. Shean1aters were encountered at sea in several areas, but they \'tere particularly abundant in the north end of Unimak Pass and north of Unimak Island (3 miles off Catarack Cove and 4 miles off North Creek).

Oceanodroma furcata. Fork-tailed Storm Petrel. This petrel was discovered at Bogoslof and Amak Islands v1hen it appeared after dark. Individuals were seen during daylight hours near Fire Island, and many birds were feeding in Unimak Pass.

Oceanodroma 1eucohoa. Leach •s Storm Petre 1. This species was encountered only near Fire Island, \vhere nine \

Phalacrocorax auritus. Double-crested Cormorant. Individuals were noted in several locations, but the only nesting colony we recorded 1vas at Unalga Island.

Phalacrocorax pelagicus. Pelagic Cormorant. A fe\v Pelagic Connorants nested with Red-faced Cormorants, P. urile, at Rock (4 nests), Derbin {30 nests), Bogoslof (2 nests), and Amak (2 nests) Islands.·

.. Phalacrocorax urile. Red-faced Cormorant. Small nesting colonies, less than 50 nests, \oJere noted at Cape Pankof, Unimak; Bird, -20-

Kaligagan, Bogoslof, and Fire Islands; and Cape Lutke, Unimak.

Large colonies, 50 nests or more~ were seen at Rock, Unalga,

Tigalda, Derbin, and k~ak Islands. The Baby Islands had more than 50 pairs in the group.

Phalacte canagica. Emperor Goose. A single bird Has observed near Cape Mordvinof, Unimak.

Aythya merila. Greater Scaup. Four were seen on Unalaska Lake,

Unalas~ Island, and one female was present on a freshwater lake near Port Hoeller.

Bucephala islandica. Barroi'I 1 S Goldeneye. A lone eclipse plumaged male was seen in Unalaska Lake on 2 July.

Histrionicus histrionicus. Harlequin Duck. Harlequins were recorded at Bogoslof, Amaknak, Unalga, Tigalda, and Amak Islands.

Somateria mollissima. Common Eider. At least 30 eiders were seen in the Baby Islands, and approximately 21 \'lere present at Unalga.

Melanitta deolandi. White-winged Seater. A single bird was seen near Arch Pt., Unimak, and a flock was recorded near Port Moeller. t~ergus merganser. Common ~1erganser. Eig~ to ten birds were observed in Tigalda Bay.

Mergus serrator, Red-breasted 1·1erganser. This species was present at Amaknak and Tigalda.

Buteo lagopus. Rough-legged Hawk. A buteo, probably this species, was noted near Urilia Bay, Unimak. -21-

Haliaeetus leucoceohalus. Bald Eagle. Nests were located on Bird, Unimak (2 nests on the south side), Derbin, Bogoslof, Unalga, and Arnak Islands.

Falco peregrinus. Peregrine Falcon. A small raptor, probably this species, \'/as breifly glimpsed at Bogosl of.

Haematopus bachmani. Black Oystercatcher. This species was noticed at Derbin Island and Unalga Island.

Arenaria interpres. Ruddy Turnstone. A single bird was seen at .Amak Island, and two turnstones vtere flushed from the beach at

Port l~oe ller.

Ereunetes mauri. Western Sandpiper. Several flocks, totaling about 150 birds, were seen at Amak.

Erolia minutilla. Least Sandpiper. Defensive birds, apparently nesting in the area, were seen at Tigalda and Port Moeller.

Erolia ptilocnemis. Rock Sandpiper. These birds \'{ere seen on the beaches at Tigalda, .l...11ak, and Port l·loeller.

Capella gallinage. Common Snipe. One was flushed from a marsh near Port Moeller.

Phalaropus fulicarius. Red Phalarope. Individuals were seen near Fire Island, north of Unalaska Island, and north of Unimak Island.

Lobi pes l obatus. Notthern Ph a 1a rope. These phal ropes \

Stercorarius pomarinus. Pomarine Jaeger. Two 1·1ere seen directly north of Cape Lapin, Unimak, and a lone bird appeared north of Nelson Lagoon, Alaska Peninsula.

Larus glaucescens. Glaucous-winged Gull. This species was particularly common at Bird, Derbin, Bogoslof, and the Baby Islands, and at Cape Pankof, Unimak Island.

Larus argentatus. Herring Gull. A single bird was seen at Bogoslof.

Larus canus. Mew Gull. A fe\'1 \'tere encountered in the mouth of Cold Bay.

Rissa tridactvla. Black-legged Kitth1ake. Nesting colonies were located on Bird,Rock, Bogoslof, Fire and Amak Islands, and on Sea Lion Rock, near AT.ak.

Rissabrevirostris. Red-legged Kitth1ake. Red-legged KittiHakes were seen only in the vicinity of Bogoslof and Fire Islands, \'/here we discovered them nesting.

Sterna paradisaea. Arctic Tern. These birds \vere seen off Nelson Lagoon and near Port Moeller.

Sterna aleutica. Aleutian Tern. This tern Has fairly common near Port !4oeller.

Uria aalge. Common t4urre. and Uria lomvia. Thick-billed t·1urre. Murre colonies \'Jere noted at Bird Island (all identified

positively were~ aalae.), Kaligagan Island(~. aalge}~

the Baby Islands (both species but U~ aalge mainly), Bogoslof -23-

and Fire Islands (both present in significant numbers but U. lomvia dominant) and Amak Island and Sea Lion Rock (mostly

U. aalge).

Cepphus calumba. Pigeon Guillemot. A few \•tere seen near almost every is 1 and v1e visited, but the birds seemed particularly common near Ugamak and the Baby Islands.

Brachyramphus marmoratus. Marbled r~urrelet. Birds were recorded near Arch Point, Unimak (2 birds); Unalaska Bay (44); NW of Cataract Cove, Unimak (7); Urilia Bay, Unimak (4); north of Nelson Lagoon, Alaska Peninsula (4); near Port Moeller (1).

Brachyramphus brevirostre. Kittlitz's ~·1urre1et. A single bird \'las identified in Tigalda Bay.

Synthliboramphys antiguum. Ancient ~1urrelet. This species 1·1as seen occasic..nally during the trip. It 1·1as corrrnon only in the Baby Islands (200-300) and in the north end of Unimak Pass (several hundred).

Ptychoramphus aleutica. Cassin's Auklet. ·Two were noted three·miles . north of Cataract Cove, Unimak.

Cyclorrhynchus psittacul a. Parakeet Auklet. Individuals or very small groups were seen in Cold Bay, near the Baby Islands, near Bogoslof, and Fire Islands, and north of Unimak Island.

Aethia cristatella. Crested Auklet. Few (less.than 30) birds were

seen on the expedition. We recorded them at the Baby Islands (2 birds); -24-

::,·

near Basalt Rock, north of Avatanak Island (20); near Bogoslof (2) and Fire (1) Islands; and near Amak Island (1).

Aethia pusilla. Least Auklet. Eight birds vtere seen near Amagat

Island, and t\'/o were recorded between t\oto and three miles from Bogoslof.

Aethi a pygmaea. Whiskered Aukl et. This species \'tas recorded bet\oteen -· Basalt Rock and Tigalda Bay (approximately 800 birds), in the tide rips north of the Baby Islands and in Baby. Pass (7000 birds), and at Amak Island (one bird seen).

Fratercula corniculata. Horned Puffin. This species was not found in large numbers anywhere, but it was most common at Amagat Island.

Lunda cirrhata. Tufted Puffin. This species was present almost everywhere we visited. Particularly large concentrations \•Jere found at Amagat, Kaligagan, and the Baby Islands.

Nyctea scandiaca. Snm'ly 0.'11. The remains of a bird were found at Bogoslof.

Riparia riparia Bank Swa 11 ow. Bank S\'la 11 0\'I'S Were recorded at Unalaska, Amaknak, Amak, and Port Moeller.

Corvus corax. Corrrnon Raven. Ravens were seen at Unalaska, Amaknak, Amak , and Port rloe 11 e r.

Parus atricapillus. Black-capped Chickadee. This species was recorded . at Port Moeller. "' -25-

Cinclus mexicanus. Dipper. A bird \'las seen under a bridge at Unalaska.

Troglodytes troglodytes. Winter Hren. These birds were discovered at Bogoslof and Amak Islands.

Anthus spinoletta. Hater Pipit. Pipits were seen commonly at Unalaska, Amaknak, Amak,. and Port t4oe 11 er.

Hilsonia pusilla. Hilson's Harbler. Two were seen and others heard

at Port l~oe 11 er.

Leucosticte tephrocotis. Gray-crovmed Rosy Finch. This species was seen only at Amak.

Acanthus flammea. Common Redpoll. One was seen at Bogoslof and they were common at Port !·loe ller.

Passerculus sandvtichensi~;:. Savannah Sparrm•t. This passerine was abundant at Unalaska, Amaknak, Tigalda, Arnak, and Port t1oeller.

Zonotrichia atricapilla. Golden-crowned Sparr0\'1. These sparro1vs were common at A'Tiak and Port t1oe 11 er.

f4e 1ospi za me lodi a. Song Sparrow. Song Sparrows were observed on Arnaknak and Bogoslof, and an individual was heard at Unalga.

Calcarius lapponicus. Lapland Longspur. Longspurs.were abundant at Unalaska, Amaknak, Tigalda; and they Nere common at Amak and Port t4oe ller. -26-

Eumatopias jubata. Steller's Sea Lion. Sea lions were hauled out at Bird Island; Cape Lutke, Unimak Island; Bogoslof Island; Amak Island; and Sea Lion Rocks.

Enhydra lutris. Sea Otter. Sea otters \'lere seen at Bird Island, 40-50

animals; Tiga1da Island, four or five; and near Urilia Bay~ Unimak Is 1and, where about 15 appeared.

Vulpes fulva . Red Fox. At least two red foxes v1ere seen at Amak Island, and signs of foxes at Tigalda may have been made by this species.

Citellus parryii. Ground Squirrel. These animals were particularly common at Amaknak Island. .., -27-

Pelagic Transects

The following tables include the data gathered in eight pelagic transects. All observations v1ere made from the M/V Aleutian Tern.

Diagrams sho~,oling the location of the transects are also included

in this section. -28- '• . PELAGIC TRANSECT # 1 - 4

30' BOGOSLOF ISLAND NATIONAL WILD Ll FE REFUGE PROPOSED WILDERNESS AREA Fire tslan~ ....

Bogoslof Isian~~,· ;!:;'! _ .. . !43 I !;,:...:: TRANSECT SCALE: 1 inch = 8 miles J----j I

168°001 N ------+------~54°00' Pl .:riC TRANSECT #5-6 # 6

N

•. 'w.

ALEUTIAN ISL~~s;~RN Fox GROUP ALEUTIAN ISLANDS N~~;~~RNESS PROPOSAL ALASKA WILDLIFE REFUGE

_,,~"""' .:L. IOi••m•' PELAGIC TRANSECT # 7 - 8 Prel1mlnary Subj~d to cho;,go

/

ISLAND

I v c I

~!Uti~:· I. OJ>•!tll • N ~·· .R·.•~•

h\111\ 1'1\l(t•., ·,~.,;tf

AMAK ISLAND AND GROUP

!iCI\L C IN MILF!3 ALEUTIAN ISLANDS WILDERNESS PROPOSAL ALEUTIAN ISLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ALASKA ···--·-·-·-·------' ·-~

;;

TRANSECT ''l (June 28, 1247-1405 ADT) A continuous transect was run from 14 miles south of Bogoslof Island to 1 mile south of Bogoslof. Visibility was unlimited, sky was overcast, and we had about 7-foot seas. Birds within 1/4 mile of each side of the ship were tallied from the pilot house. The ships speed was 10 knots. Miles from Red-Fac. Crest. Least Para. Unid. Tuft. Sea Bogoslof Fulmar Connor. GW Gull Kitt. Murre Auk let Auk let Auk. Auk. Puffin Lion 14-13 1 2 13-12 20 6 12-11 4 3 11-10 5 1 1 1 10-9 6 4

9-8 7 2 6 I ...... w 8-7 5 1 1 I 7-6 22 1 5 3 6-5 8 3 4 8 5-4 18 2 3 5 1 4-3 6 2 3 8 - 3-2 9 7 6 9 1 1 2-1 18 7 3 23 2 1 2 Totals 129 2 23 30 71 3 1 1 1 3 3 = , TRANSECT #2 (July 1, 1530-1612 ADT}

A co. .nuous transect was run from one to eight miles nt 1 of Fire Island. Visibility was about l/4 mil( sky overcast, and we had 6-foot seas (wind 20 kts from NW}. Birds within l/4 mile of each side of the ship were lullled frout Uu~ pilot llou~r.. The strip:; ~i!H~(:d w.as 10 knots.

!~iles from Fork-Ta. Leach's Red Black-leg Red-1eg Tuft. Crest. Fire Fulmar Storm Pet. Storm Pet. Phalar. GW Gull Kittiwake Kittiwake Murre Puffin Auk let 1-2 1 1 1 1 19 2-3 2 1 1 27 1 3-4 2 2 2 1 44 4-5 2 1 4 50 3 5-6 14 1 6-7 5 13 4 wI 7-8 8 18 3 N I Totals 20 4 6 1 2 1 1 185 11 1

TRANSECT #3 (July 1; 1630-1706 ADT) This transect was started near the end of transect #2 (see diagram of transects). It ended five miles due east of Fire Island and was six miles long. The same method was used as transect 112 and the conditions were the same. Mile of FT Leach's Black-leg Unident. Transect Ful. Stann Pet. Storm Pet. GW Gull · Ki tth~ake Kittiwake Murre Tufted Puffin

1 1 1 23 5 2 3 3 3 1 11 1 3 2 2 3 4 1 3 5 1 4 ·6 1 1 2 Totals -:g -r 3 4 1 1 46 6 ;·:·· .:":;.·· .. ..: .· .. :

TRANSt~• #4 (July l, 1740-1840 ADT) A continuous transect was ·run from a starting point 12 miles ENE of Bogoslof for 10 miles along an ENE course line. Method and conditions are the same as transect #2.

~1i 1e of Short-tail Fork-tail Black-leg Red-leg Horned Tufted Transect Fulmar Shearwater Storm Pet. GW Gull Kittiwake Kittiwake Murre Puffin Puffin 1 5 l 2 4 2 8 1 2 3 7 3 2 3 l 9 2 4 3 2 l 3 5 7 2 4 2 12 I w w 6 4 1 2 1 3 3 I 7 6 6 7 l 8 1 8 g 2 l 9 11 4 l 8 16 10 7 1 4 3 l 2 Totals 62 8 3 25 3 1 43 3 51 TRANSECT ~(July 1, 2000-2050 AOT)

I Divvr.Y ran a timed transect north of Unalaska Island .... c method \

30-40 1 5 40-50 4· 2 1 Totals 11 1 2 1 21 wI .l>o I TRANSECT #6 (July 4, 0910-1030 AOT) Oivoky ran a timed transect in Unimak Pass, starting about 5 miles west of Sennet Pt., Unimak I. and ending off Cape Sarichef, Unimak Island. Method same as other transects. Visibility good, sea calm, overcast. Short-tai 1 Unid. Ancient Crested Tufted Fork-tail Time Shear.-1ater Fulmar GW Gull Ki tt. ~1urre ~1urre1 et Auk let Puffin Stann Pet. 0910-0920 575 0920-0930 705 50 0930-0940 1200 14 200 0940-0950 1500 200 0955-1005 585 20 12 10 15 17 25 1020-1030 3587 100 5 1 2 76 45 6 Total 8152 120 5 1 14 100 15 62 481 _,- !ffiANSECT # 7 (July 4, 1850 - 194o .ADr)

A continuous transect was run from 10 miles SW of Amak Island to one mile SW of the island. Visibility was unl.imited, sky was over~ast, wind and sea calm. Method same as other transects. I . I Miles i from Short-tail~ Black-leg. Amak. Fulmar Shearwater Kittiwake Ivhrrre Whiskered Auklet Horned Puffin Tufted Puffin 10 - 9 2 4 1 9 - 8 1 31 8- 7 2 2 16 1 7 7 - 6 3 23 2 7 ·3 6 - 5 1 5 - 4 40 9 5 4 - 3 5 8 3 - 2 16 1 64 4 11 2 - 1 168 184 1 1 7 Total 236 61 7 323 1 6 31~ TRANSECT // 8 (July 6, 1040 - 1132 ADT) A continuous transect was run from one mile east of Sea Lion Rocks (n~ar Amak) to 10 miles ENE of the starting point. Visibility good, overcast sky, sea 3-4 feet, course 045°M. Method sam~ as others.

Miles :from· Short-tail. Biack-leg. Pigeon Horned Tufted Sea Lion Rk. FUlmar Shearwater GWGull Kittiwake Murre GuilJ _cmot Puffin Puffin 1 - 2 13 1 28 3 6 2 - 3 1 33 15 3 - 4 7 1 12 1 4 - 5 2 2 5 5 - 6 1 1 4 4 1 6- 7 3 5 7 - 8 2 5 8 - 9 3 4 10 1

~------I I