СЕЛСКОСТОПАНСКА АКАДЕМИЯ ● ЖИВОТНОВЪДНИ НАУКИ, LVII, 2/2020 3

Selection of candidate bulls based on the performance test and grading Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1*, Paskah Partogi Agung1, Iskandar Zulkarnain2, Aminurrahman2, and Roni Ridwan1 1Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Bogor, West 16911 2Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health of West , Province, 83362 *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]

Citation: Putra, W. P. B., Agung, P. P., Zulkarnain, I., Aminurrahman, & Ridwan, R. (2020). Selection of Bali candidate bulls based on the performance test and grading. Zhivotnovadni Nauki, 57(2), 3-10 (Bg).

Abstract

This research was carried out to evaluate the performance test and grading results in 13 head of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) at Bureau of Artificial Insemination (BAI) of Lelede, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The vital sign that measured in performance test including of age, body weight (BW), with- ers height (WH), body length (BL) and scrotal circumferance (SC). The average of vital sign after 306 days of the performance test were 1182.28 ± 50.78 (age), 214.54 ± 26.03 kg (BW), 114.46 ± 2.60 cm (WH), 113.92 ± 2.25 cm (BL), 151.15 ± 5.35 cm (CG) and 23.69 ± 0.75 (SC). The average of weight gain and growth rate after the performance test were 21.46 ± 11.04 kg and 0.05 ± 0.03 kg/days. The class classification (grading) based on the performance test only obtained four class III bulls (eartag number: 0874, 0885, 00744 and 0888). The best four bulls based on corrected final weight (CFW) were obtained on bull with eartag number: 0874, 0885, 0889 and 0880. The best two bulls according to CFW and grade were reached on bull ID: 0874 (267.29 kg) and 0885 (220.03 kg). It was concluded that bull ID: 0874 as the best bulls according to CFW and class category.

Key words: Bali cattle, performance test, heritability, final weight, class

Introduction beef cattle in this province reached of 1.013.793 heads and the fourth higher population in Indo- Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) is one of Indone- nesia. Moreover, the number of slaughtering and sian native cattle that kept by smallhold as beef output of beef cattle in year 2014 were 51.270 cattle. Several studies reported that the average heads and 20.555 heads respectively and ± 7% of body weight in Bali cattle are 148.35 ± 0.01 kg from total population in WNT province. In ad- for male and 133.09 ± 0.01 kg for female (Prah- dition, total beef production in WNT province ani and Juarini, 2006). Despite, the average of at year 2014 was 10.847 tons (Kementan, R. I., carcass weight and carcass percentage of Bali 2015) and can be concluded that WNT province bulls were 135.22 ± 3.25 kg and 48.33 ± 1.14 % is potential for seedstock resource in , respectively (Aditia et al., 2014). Bali cattle ca- included of Bali cattle. pable to adapt well in most Indonesian area, in- Bureau of Artificial Insemination (BAI) of cluded in Lombok island of West Nusa Tenggara Lelede is one of institution under the Depart- (WNT) province. In year 2014, the population of ment of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health 4 СЕЛСКОСТОПАНСКА АКАДЕМИЯ ● ЖИВОТНОВЪДНИ НАУКИ, LVII, 2/2020 of WNT province control that carried out to midity about 44–100%. Total 13 heads of Bali produce straw of Bali cattle. One of the effort candidate bull and records data from year 2013 to produce seedstock in BAI Lelede is selection to 2015 were used in this study for analyzed. based on performance test. The performance test is the one of method for selection of seedstock Animals management based on qualitative and quantitative traits with The management system at BAI Lelede was measuring and weighing (Richard and Bour- conducted by colony stall with 20 to 30 animals don, 2000; Yusuf et al., 2010). The performance per colony and bulls were kept in individual stall. test is important to get genetic potency in each The breeding system that used in research site tested animal. Commonly, the performance test is artificial insemination (AI) and natural mat- was managed on candidate bulls as one of selec- ing (NM) methods. The pregnancy examination tion criteria before continued to the progeny test was managed 3 months after AI program. Cows (Park et al., 2013; Crowley et al., 2011). The im- with service per conception (S/C) more than two portant information from performance test is fi- times were kept in breeding stall for NM pro- nal weight, average daily gain (ADG) or growth gram. The weaning period of calves was man- rate and feed intake (Raidan et al., 2016; Castil- aged at about four months age. Therefore, the hos et al., 2011; Okanishi et al., 2008). weaned calves were kept in colony stall until ± Several studies reported that the performance 600 days of age. Hence, bull at 600 days of age test was managed to get the best candidate bulls mentioned candidate bull (bullock). Thus, all of some beef cattle such as Bali (Patmawati et al., bullock were managed for performance test pro- 2013), Aceh (Putra et al., 2016), Sumba Ongole gram. The feed ration containing of king grass (Said et al., 2016), Red Chittagong (Nahar et al., (Pennisetum purpureum), corncob and rice bran. 2016), Nellore (Raidan et al., 2016), Japanese The feed ration of corncob (4 kg) and rice bran (6 Black (Oikawa et al., 2006), Bonsmara dan Nguni kg) were given to seven calves per day with one (Mashiloane et al., 2012). The duration time for per- month for adaptation time. The yearling calves formance test is 12 months and the maximum age were given feed with king grass (10 kg/head/ for tested bulls is 600 days (Hardjosubroto, 1994). day), corncob (5 kg/head/day), field grass (8 kg/ Despite, Raidan et al. (2016) managed the perfor- head/day), rice bran (4 kg/head/day) and com- mance test with two steps, in the pasture (294 days mercial concentrate (3 kg/head/day). The water with 70 days for adaptation) and in the feedlot stall was given by ad libitum and health examination (168 days with 56 days for adaptation). was performed every month. This study was carried out to evaluate the per- formance test results at BAI Lelede. The result Weighing and measuring of this study can be used as early information to Weighing and measuring of cattle were per- select the best Bali bull for straw production in formed since birth to adult age with hanging WNT province in the future. weight scale. Total of 13 bulls (about 1.94 years age) were used for the performance test along Material and Methods 306 days (27/09/2016 to 30/07/2017). The weigh- ing and measuring of animal were performed Location and sample before and after the performance test using dig- This study was conducted in the Bureau of ital weight scale (Iconix FX1, New Zealand) Artificial Insemination (BAI) of Lelede placed and measuring tape (Rondo, Switzerland). The at Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara Prov- measuring of cattle consisted of withers height ince of Indonesia. This area located at 115°46’– (WH), body length (BL), chest girth (CG) and 116°20’ east longitude and 8°25’–8°55’ south scrotal circumferance (SC). Data of WH were latitude. The average of rainfall in the research obtained by measuring the distance from the location about 2.000–4.000 mm/year with air withers to the surface by the perpendicular line. temperature about 21.5–36.0 °C and relative hu- Data of BL were obtained by measuring the dis- СЕЛСКОСТОПАНСКА АКАДЕМИЯ ● ЖИВОТНОВЪДНИ НАУКИ, LVII, 2/2020 5 tance between the shoulder point (later tuberos- Identification of class type (grading) in the ity of humerus) to the edge of pelvic bone. The candidate bulls were performed based on Indo- measurements of BL and WH were measured nesian National Standard (INS) for Bali bull as by measuring stik (Hauptner, Germany). Data presented in Table 1. Moreover, the phenotypic of CG were obtained by circling the measuring characteristics standard of a Bali bull were in- tape on the chest behind the shoulder. Data of SC cluded as the selection criteria in the Bali bulls. were obtained by cycling by measuring tape on Whereas, the standard characteristics for Bali the scrotal. bulls i.e. hair color is black, knee downward col- or is white, back white patch half moon, tip of Data analysis the tail is black, horn is black and well devel- The body weight and body measurements of ani- oped, head has wider shape and neck is solid and mals were used for descriptive statistic analysis to cal- strong (Kementan, R. I., 2015). The ilustration culate means, standard deviation, coefficient of varia- of phenotypic characteristics standard for a Bali tion, minimum and maximum values. Therefore, the bull was presented in Figure 1. performance test results were evaluated using formula from Hardjosubroto (1994) as follows:  AIW - BW  Results and Discussion CIW    XAge   BW  Age  Initial weight WG = AFW - AIW The average of vital sign of Bali bull candi- CFW = CIW + WG date before his performance test was presented in Table 2. CFW - CIW GR  Several studies reported that a yearling age T2 - T1 was used as initial age before the performance Remark: test in some candidate bulls of Sumba Ongole CIW = corrected initial weight (kg) (392 days), Red Chittagong (360 days), Bonsmara AIW = actual initial weight (kg) (355 days) and 371 days in Nguni (Said et al., BW = birth weight (kg) 2016; Nahar et al., 2016; Mashiolane et al., 2012). WG = weight gain (kg) Moreover, several studies also used the wean- AFW = actual final weight (kg) ing age as initial age before the performance test AIW = actual initial weight (kg) (Garcia et al., 2004; Sbarra et al., 2009; Oikawa CFW = corrected final weight (kg) et al., 2006). The birth weight of Bali cattle in GR = growth rate (kg/day) the present study (15.31 kg) was lower than Bali

T2 = final age (days) cattle at the breeding center of Denpasar, that is T1 = initial age (days) 18.04 kg (Setiyabudi et al., 2016) and 17.73 kg X Age = average of age (days) (Gunawan dan Jakaria, 2011).

Table 1. The body measurements standard for Bali bull ages > 24–36 months (INS 7651.4:2015) class Body measurements (cm) I II III Withers height 127 120 113 Body length 133 124 115 Chest girth) 179 158 148 Scrotal circumferance 26 26 26 6 СЕЛСКОСТОПАНСКА АКАДЕМИЯ ● ЖИВОТНОВЪДНИ НАУКИ, LVII, 2/2020

Fig. 1. The phenotypic characteristics standard of a Bali bull (Bos javanicus)

Table 2. Descriptive statistic of age and body weight in Bali candidate sires before the performance test at BAI of Lelede Variable Mean SD CV (%) Min. Max. Initial age (days) 722.15 79.85 11.06 618.00 876.00 Birth weight (kg) 15.31 0.75 4.91 14.00 16.00 Actual initial weight (kg) 196.92 22.17 11.26 168.00 238.50 Corrected initial weight (kg) 198.62 28.01 14.10 160.14 267.29 SD: standard deviation; CV: coefficient of variation; Min.: minimum value; Max.: maximum value

The actual initial weight (AIW) of candidate in Table 3. The average final age in tested Bali bull before the performance test was reported on candidate bulls were about 3 years and reached several studies in Sumba Ongole (181.22 ± 25.59 of the body and sex maturities. In 3 years age, kg), Aceh (138.65 ± 19.46 kg), Bonswana (251.91 the coat colour changes was occured in Bali bulls kg), Nguni (180.54 kg), Japanese Black (260.80 from reddish to black colours. The coat colour kg), Nellore (245.90 kg), Red Chittagong (63.02 changes in Bali bulls can be caused by testos- kg), Angus (304.34 kg), Charolais (321.93 kg) teron hormonal factor. The average of actual and 277.47 kg for Hereford (Said et al., 2016; Pu- final weight (AFW) in Bali bulls from perfor- tra et al., 2016; Mashiolane et al., 2012; Oikawa mance test along 9 months at Bureau Breeding et al., 2006; Reis et al., 2013; Nahar et al., 2016; and Forage Center (BBFC) at Pulukan District Garcia et al., 2004). The average of AIW in the was 261.56 ± 81.20 kg (Patmawati et al., 2013) present study was 196.92 ± 22.17 kg and showed and more higher than in this study. With simi- higher than SO, Aceh and Nguni cattle. lar methodology, the average of AFW in Aceh (967 days of age) and Sumba Ongole (977 days Final weight of age) candidate bulls were 141.58 ± 25.81 kg The average of vital sign in the Bali candidate and 355.14 ± 87.41 kg respectively. Meanwhile, bull before the performance test was presented the average weight gain in Aceh and Sumba On- СЕЛСКОСТОПАНСКА АКАДЕМИЯ ● ЖИВОТНОВЪДНИ НАУКИ, LVII, 2/2020 7 gole candidate bulls were 28.22 ± 7.01 kg and Body measurements and grading 210.71 ± 92.53 kg respectively (Putra et al., 2016; The average of body measurements in Bali Said et al., 2014). bulls from performance test at BAI Lelede was The average of weight gain in Bali bulls at BAI presented in Table 4. The performance test re- Lelede (21,46 ± 11,04 kg) was lower than Bali sults in Bali candidate bulls at BAI Lelede com- bulls at Nusa Tenggara Timur province (27,33 ± monly included of class III category according 4,50 kg) as reported by Tahuk et al. (2017). The to WH, BL and CG. The average of SC in tested average of AFW in Bali bulls at BAI Lelede Bali bulls was 23.69 ± 0.75 cm and lower than was 214.54 ± 26.03 kg and lower than other Bali INS value (26 cm). The average of body mea- (260,67 ± 15,31 kg) and Sumba Ongole bulls (Ta- surements in Bali candidate bulls (1–2 years age) huk et al., 2017; Said et al., 2016). Mashiolane et at Breeding Station at Pulukan according to Pat- al. (2012) reported that the final weight of Bons- mawati et al. (2013) were 117.61 ± 6.40 cm (WH), mara dan Nguni from one year of performance 123.08 ± 10.07 cm (BL) and 156.89 ± 15.15 cm test were 389.71±29.21 kg and 304.33±27.23 kg (CG) and included of class II category (based respectively. Meanwhile, the average ADG in on BL dan CG). Total of 69% (9 bulls) of tested both bulls based on the performance test were Bali candidate bulls were not classified because 0.66 ± 0.14 kg/day (Bonsmara) and 0.60 ± 0.10 of lower WH or BL values than INS of class III kg/day (Nguni). (Table 5). Furthermore, Soekardono et al. (2009)

Table 3. Descriptive statistic of age and body weight in Bali candidate sires after the performance test at BAI of Lelede Variable Mean SD CV (%) Min. Max. Final age (days) 1182.28 50.78 4.29 1062.00 1244.00 Weight gain (kg) 21.46 11.04 51.44 2.00 38.00 Actual final weight) (kg) 214.54 26.03 12.13 162.00 263.00 Corrected final weight (kg) 216.23 34.57 15.99 147.38 297.29 Growth rate (kg/day) 0.05 0.03 68.48 0.01 0.13 SD: standard deviation; CV: coefficient of variation; Min.: minimum value; Max.: maximum value

Table 4. Descriptive statistic of body measurements in Bali candidate sires in the performance test at BAI of Lelede Performance test Body measurements (cm) Mean SD CV (%) Min. Max. Withers height 111.31 3.35 3.01 105.00 117.00 Body length 109.69 3.90 3.56 103.00 116.00 Before Chest girth 141.46 6.23 4.40 134.00 155.00 Scrotal circumferance 18.85 1.99 10.58 16.00 23.00 Withers height 114.46 2.60 2.27 112.00 119.00 Body length 113.92 2.25 1.98 112.00 118.00 After Chest girth 151.15 5.35 3.54 144.00 160.00 Scrotal circumferance 23.69 0.75 3.17 23.00 25.00 SD: standard deviation; CV: coefficient of variation; Min.: minimum value; Max.: maximum value 8 СЕЛСКОСТОПАНСКА АКАДЕМИЯ ● ЖИВОТНОВЪДНИ НАУКИ, LVII, 2/2020 * III - - - III III ------III Class

1 5 3 4 2 6 10 12 8 7 11 13 9 Rank of CFW 25 23 24 23 23 25 24 24 23 24 24 23 23 SC 158 148 145 150 160 158 144 151 147 147 157 150 150 CG 118 112 114 112 117 117 113 112 112 113 113 112 116 BL 119 113 113 113 118 118 112 112 113 112 115 113 117 Body measurements (cm) WH 1227 1210 1153 1233 1217 1062 1177 1169 1201 1244 1157 1121 1200 Age) Age) (days) 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.13 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.05 GR (kg/days) 297.29 223.76 233.51 231.49 242.03 222.92 198.14 195.62 213.27 215.80 197.38 189.36 200.48 CFW (kg) 267.29 199.76 210.51 219.49 220.03 199.42 160.14 160.62 197.27 188.30 195.38 187.36 176.48 CIW (kg) 15 15 16 15 15 16 14 16 16 14 16 15 16 BW (kg) 09/12/2014 22/11/2014 26/09/2014 15/12/2014 29/11/2014 27/06/2014 20/10/2014 12/10/2014 13/11/2014 26/12/2014 30/09/2014 25/08/2014 12/09/2014 Date of birth of Date class identification based on BL andWH, CG *) 05KYT 01143 03893 01149 00711 03482 01116 02454 1784 02443 01774 01841 02437 Dam 11012/003 11012/003 03889 11012/003 00718 03482 11012/003 03482 02641 03482 02951 02951 03482 Sire BW: birth weight; CIW: corrected initial weight; CFW: corrected corrected body GR: chest final initialwithersBL: CIW: length; birth CFW: growth weight; rate; CG: WH: weight; weight; height; girth; BW: scrotal circumferanceSC: ; 0874 0882 0889 0880 0885 0744 0875 0886 0871 0887 0758 0750 0888 No. bullNo. Table 5. Result the of performanceTable test along 306 days in Bali 13 candidate sires at BAILelede of СЕЛСКОСТОПАНСКА АКАДЕМИЯ ● ЖИВОТНОВЪДНИ НАУКИ, LVII, 2/2020 9 reported that about 60% of Bali cows at Lombok rameters for yearling weight, carcass traits, and primal-cut island had grade 2. Hence, the genetic improve- yields of Hanwoo cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 93(4): ment of Bali cattle can be performed at Lombok 1511-1521. Island through selection program. Crowley, J. J., Evans, R. D., Mc Hugh, N., Pabiou, T., Kenny, D. A., Mc Gee, M., Crews, D. H., & Berry, D. P. (2011). Genetic associations between feed efficiency measured in a performance test station and performance Conclusions of growing cattle in commercial beef herds. Journal of Animal Science, 89(11): 3382-3393. The performance test and grading (according Garcia, M. D., Thomas, M. G., Parker, W. R., to INS) are two selection criteria that important Beauchemin, V. R., & Enns, R. M. (2004). Evaluation to obtain the best candidate bull. Bull ID: 0874 in of performance trends in the Tucumcari Bull Test 1961 this study was showed the best bull according to to 2000. New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station. Reserach Report, 754: 1-20. corrected final weight (CFW) and class catego- Gunawan, A., & Jakaria. (2011). Genetic and non- ry (grading). In the future, the selection of Bali genetic effect on birth, weaning and yearling weight of bulls based on estimated breeding value (EBV) Bali cattle. Media Peternakan, 34(2: 93-98. is important to increase of selection accuracy. Hardjosubroto, W. (2015). Aplikasi Pemuliabiakan Ternak di Lapangan. Gramedia Widiasarana, Jakarta (Ina). Acknowledgement Kementan, R. I. (2015). Statistik Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan This study was supported by funding from Kesehatan Hewan. Kementerian Pertanian, Jakarta (Ina). 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