DOCSLIB.ORG

Extraction of Essential Oils Present in Aniseed, Carom

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Extraction of Essential Oils Present in Aniseed, Carom Chemistry Project File Topic- TO EXTRACT ESSENTIAL OILS PRESENT IN SOUNF(ANISEED),AJWAIN(CAROM) AND ELAICHI(CARDAMOM)” Submitted by Submitted to Mr.Arvind Pareek XII A 2 Acknowledgement I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to the principal Mrs. J.Sen Mam, Tagore Public School, Jaipur for her encouragement and for all the facilities that she provided in this project work. I sincerely appreciate this magnanimity by taking me into her fold for which I shall herein indebted to her. I extent my hearty thanks to Mr. Arvind Pareek sir, Chemistry teacher, who guided me to the successful completion of this project . I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude for his invaluable guidance, attitude and immense motivation, which has sustained my efforts at all stage of this project work Submitted by Rahul Dugar XII A 3 Certificate This is to certify that Rahul Dugar has satisfactorily completed the project in chemistry on “TO EXTRACT ESSENTIAL OILS PRESENT IN SOUNF(ANISEED),AJWAIN(CAROM) AND ELAICHI(CARDAMOM)” prescribed by the AISSCE course in the school in the year 2013-14. I have examined the project and hereby accord by my approval of it. As a study carried out and presented in the manner required for its acceptance. This doesn’t necessarily endorse or accept every statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn. It only signifies the acceptance of the project for which it is submitted. Mrs. J.Sen Mr. Arvind Pareek (Principal) (Head of Chemistry Dept.) 4 CONTENTS S.NO CONTENTS PAGE NO. INTRODUCTION 1 EXPERIMENT 2 3 THEORY PROCEDURE AND 4 REQUIREMENTS OBSERVATION 5 CONCLUSION AND 6 PRECAUTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY 7 5 INTRODUCTION We are all familiar with the pleasant odours coming out from flowers, spices and many trees. The essence or aromas of plants are due to volatile oils present in them. These smelling volatile oils present in plants are called essential oils. Cinnamon, clove, cumin, eucalyptus, garlic, jasmine, peppermint, rose, sandalwood, spearmint, thyme, wintergreen are a few familiar examples of valuable essential oils. The term “essential oils” literally means “oils derived from the essence” of plants. Essential oils are mainly used for their pleasant odours and flavors in perfumes and as flavoring agents in foods. Some are used in medicines (e.g., camphor, wintergreen, eucalyptus) others as insect repellants (e.g., citronella). Chemically essential oils are composed of complex mixtures of ester, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons. They are essentially non-polar compounds and are thus soluble in non-polar solvents such as petroleum ether, benzene etc. Essential oils may occur in all parts of the plant, but they are often concentrated in the seeds or flowers. They are obtained from the plants by the process of steam distillation and extraction. The technique of steam distillation permits the separation of volatile components 6 from non-volatile materials without raising the temperature of the distillation above 100° C. Thus steam distillation reduces the risk of decomposition of essential oils. 7 Experiment To extract essential oil present in Saunf (aniseed) Ajwain(carom) Elaichi(cardamom) 8 Aniseed Essential oil Aniseed, on steam distillation, yields an essential oil, known as `Oil of Aniseed`, which has now replaced the fruits for medicinal and flavoring purposes. Aniseed oil is a colorless or pale-yellow liquid having the characteristic odour and taste of the fruit. The yield of oil generally varies from 1.9 to 3.1 per cent. Higher values up to 6 per cent have been reported from Syrian aniseed. Crushing of fruits prior to distillation gives better yields of oil. The material should be distilled soon after the crushing to prevent any loss of oil due to evaporation. Aniseed oil is a highly refractive liquid, which solidifies on cooling. The congealing point depends much on the anethole content and is a valuable criterion for evaluating the oil. Exposure of the oil to air causes polymerization, and some oxidation also takes place with the formation of anisaldehyde and anisic acid. The chief constituent of aniseed oil is anethole, which is present to the extent of 80 to 90 per cent and is mainly responsible for the characteristic flavor of the oil. The oil also contains methyl chavicol , p-methoxyphenyl acetone, and small amount of terpenes and sulfur containing compounds of disagreeable odour. 9 USES OF ANISEED OIL:- Ø In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is used to treat colds and flu. Ø Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid scent and is used for both hunting and fishing. It is put on fishing lures to attract fish. Ø Anethole, the principal component of anise oil, is a precursor that can eventually produce 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde which is can be used in the clandestine synthesis of psychedelic drugs such as 2C-B, 2C-I and DOB. Ø Oil of aniseed is also reported to be used as an aromatic carminative to relieve flatulence, and as an ingredient of cough lozenges in combination with liquorice. Ø Essential oil is also used externally as an insecticide against small insects such as head lice, mites and vermin. It also has fungicidal properties. 10 Carom essential oil: Carom seeds are also known as ajwain , Thymol seeds, Onum , Ajma , Ajmodika and bishops weed. They are the tiny, cute, delicate and oval shaped herbs with a penetrating fragrance. Carom seed belongs to the family of cumin and parsley. These seeds have been used since years as they consists number of medical properties. Because of their strong aroma, carom seeds are highly used for the Indian culinary. Carom seeds are sharp and hot with the burning taste, that’s why few seeds are enough to bring the flavor in any Indian recipe. Carom seeds can be whole or powdered one. It is always advisable to buy whole carom seeds as they can be easily turned into powder form just by grinding them in a smooth powder. 11 USES OF CAROM SEEDS:- These seeds are used for the tempering or tadka’s in the dishes. Ajwain has strong, dominant and distinctive taste and flavor, that’s why few seeds are enough to bring exotic fragrance to the vegetarian and non-veg food. Ajwain can be used for making pickles as well. The aroma and unique taste of ajwain is used for making various types of roti’s, parathas, thepla’s and so on. They are specially used in different types of meat, snack recipes and dal recipes to enhance the flavor. Soups, stocks and stews can be flavored with few seeds of ajwain. Ajwain are highly incorporated for making various salad dressings and Indian bakery items. 12 Cardamom Essential oil: Cardamom provides a warming and stimulating tonic .Cardamom is also an excellent choice for the digestive system. I am sure I don’t have to tell you that Cardamom is greatly admired and extensively used as a culinary spice all over the world. You can also try a gargle with Cardamon if you suffer with halitosis (bad breath). Why not try 1 drop Cardamon and one drop of Peppermint in a small amount of water as an effective way to freshen your breath! 13 USES FOR CARDAMOM 1 Smoothies Add some cardamom to fruit smoothies to give them an extra edge. It doesn’t matter what flavor the basic smoothie is – in fact, the more exotic the better. 2 Fruit loaves If you want to jazz up your banana bread or add a bit of life to your tired fruit loaf recipe, then a touch of ground cardamom will make a world of difference. Just add the spice when you are mixing in the rest of the dry ingredients and you will get a lovely warm, rich flavor from the finished loaf. 3 Bread As with fruit loaves, a sprinkling of cardamom will do wonders for your bread rolls and loaves. Don’t worry about the cardamom turning savory breads into sweet; the spice will just a hint of warmth to the flavor and you can add as little or as much as you like, depending on taste. 4 Puddings Many desserts benefit from the addition of cardamom – rice pudding works especially well, but you could also try adding a little ground cardamom to ice cream, set custards, yogurt, and baked fruit. 5 Casseroles A few pods added to a casserole dish will give a lamb, chicken or vegetable casserole an extra zing and makes a great entertaining or moving house meal. 14 REQUIREMENTS:- Steam generator (Copper Vessel), round bottom flask (500 ml), conical flask, condenser, glass tubes, iron stand, sand bath, separatory funnel, tripod stands, burners, Ajwain(Carum), Petroleum ether(60- 80°C),Saunf(Aniseed) . PROCEDURE:- Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of Experimental Setup. The apparatus consists of a steam generator connected to the round bottom flask through a glass inlet tube. The flask is connected to a water condenser through a glass outlet tube. Condenser is further attached to a receiver through an adaptor. Take about 750 ml of water in the steam generator and start heating to produce steam. In the round bottom flask take about 75 gm of crushed saunf. A vigorous current of steam from steam generator is passed through the round bottom flask. A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom flask. As more and more steam is passed, the steam volatile components of saunf pass through the condenser along with steam. These contents on condensation are collected in the receiver. The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated by a bunsen burner to prevent excessive condensation of steam. 15 The process of steam distillation is continued for about half an hour.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download PDF (English)
    Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 26 (2016) 619–626 ww w.elsevier.com/locate/bjp Original Article Evaluation of mechanism for antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of hexanic and hydroalcoholic extracts of celery seed in normotensive and hypertensive rats a b c Faezeh Tashakori-Sabzevar , Bibi Marjan Razavi , Mohsen Imenshahidi , a a a Mohammadreza Daneshmandi , Hamidreza Fatehi , Yaser Entezari Sarkarizi , c,∗ Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri a Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran c Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Celery (Apium graveolens L., Apiaceae) is one of the popular aromatic vegetables and part of the daily diet Received 26 December 2015 around the world. In this study, aqueous-ethanolic and hexane extracts of celery seed were prepared and Accepted 23 May 2016 the amount of n-butylphthalide, as an active component, was determined in each extract. Then the effects Available online 26 June 2016 of hexanic extract on systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated in an invasive rat model. The vasodilatory effect and possible mechanisms of above mentioned extracts on aorta Keywords: ring were also measured. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that hexanic extract Celery seed contains significantly higher amounts of n-butylphthalide, compared to aqueous-ethanolic extract. The Heart rate results indicated that hexanic extract significantly decreased the systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood Hypotensive effects pressure and heart rate in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Angelica Archangelica L. Extract on Growth Performance
    232 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 26 (No 1) 2020, 232–237 Effect ofAngelica archangelica L. extract on growth performance, meat quality and biochemical blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.), cultivated in a recirculating system Radoslav Koshinski, Katya Velichkova*, Ivaylo Sirakov and Stefka Stoyanova Trakia University, Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, 6014 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Koshinski, R., Velichkova, K., Sirakov, I. & Stoyanova, St. (2020). Effect of Angelica archangelica L. extract on growth performance, meat quality and biochemical blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.), cultivated in a recirculating system. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 26 (1), 232–237 The medicinal herbs as natural products can be use like not expensive additives in artificial diets for aquatic animals which are safe for fish and the environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the Angelica archangelica L. extract on the growth performance, meat quality and biochemical blood parameters (glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, ASAT, ALAT, ALP, Ca, P, Mg, triglycerides, cholesterol) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Thirty specimens from the rainbow trout with anaverage weight of 42.55±7.48 g (control, C) and 42.51±6.02 g (experimental, Ang.a.) in good health condition were placed in each tank and cultivated for 60 days. A control group (no added) and an experimental (with added 433 mg.kg-1 of angelica extract) option, each with a two repetition, were set in a recirculating system in the Aquaculture Base of the Faculty of Agriculture at the Trakia University.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Nutrition in Herbal Plants Used in Saudi Arabia
    Hindawi Scientifica Volume 2020, Article ID 6825074, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6825074 Research Article Nutrition in Herbal Plants Used in Saudi Arabia Hanan Almahasheer Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441-1982, Saudi Arabia Correspondence should be addressed to Hanan Almahasheer; [email protected] Received 4 October 2019; Accepted 30 March 2020; Published 28 April 2020 Academic Editor: Roland Bitsch Copyright © 2020 Hanan Almahasheer. 'is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Herbs are used for centuries by many people worldwide. 'is study derives insights into the use and content of herbs that are consumed among Saudi citizens. An online questionnaire was distributed to understand the basic information about Saudi citizens’ preference and daily patterns of herbal plants that are usually used as drinks. Moreover, concentrations of fourteen elements in twenty-one herbal plants that were indicated in the previous questionnaire were collected from the local market and then analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry (ICP). Mint leaves were significantly higher in most of the nutrients analyzed, and mint was the most popular drink among participants, followed by green tea and anise. Most of the citizens preferred to drink one cup only at home and believed that herbs are good for their health and potentially could help them to sleep better. 'e outcomes derived from this research could help future assessments of diet patterns among Saudi citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • Caraway As Important Medicinal Plants in Management of Diseases
    Natural Products and Bioprospecting https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-018-0190-x (012 3456789().,- volV)(0123456789().,-volV) REVIEW Caraway as Important Medicinal Plants in Management of Diseases Mohaddese Mahboubi1 Received: 2 August 2018 / Accepted: 19 October 2018 Ó The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Carum carvi or caraway is traditionally used for treatment of indigestion, pneumonia, and as appetizer, galactagogue, and carminative. Essential oil, fixed oil and many other valuable extractive compounds with industrial applications are prepared from caraway. This review article has new deep research on caraway as medicinal plant. For preparing the manuscript, the information was extracted from accessible international databases (Google scholar, PubMed, Science direct, Springer, and Wiley), electronic resources and traditional books by key word of caraway or Carum carvi. The results of traditional studies exhibited that the galactagogue and carminative effects of caraway fruits are superior to other effects. Although, the traditional scholars used it as appetizer, while caraway was the main ingredient of anti-obesity drugs in traditional medicine, which has been confirmed in two modern clinical trials of human studies. Caraway oil in combination with peppermint oil or menthol is used for treatment of functional dyspepsia in clinical studies. Caraway oil topically on abdomen relieves the IBS symptoms in patient. Although, the use of caraway oil is not recommended in adults under 18 years due to insufficient data, but it can topically use as anti-colic and carminative agent in children or infants. The anti- aflatoxigenic, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of caraway oil along with its reputation as spice help the industries to use it as natural preservatives and antioxidant agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant and Antibacterial Investigations on Essential Oils And
    Natural Product Radiance, Vol. 6(2), 2007, pp.114-121 Research Article Antioxidant and antibacterial investigations on essential oils and acetone extracts of some spicesÜ Gurdip Singh1*, Sumitra Maurya3, Palanisamy Marimuthu4, H S Murali2 and A S Bawa2 1Chemistry Department, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur- 273 009, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore- 570 011, Karnataka, India 3 Agharkar Research Institute, Pune-411 004, Maharashtra, India 4 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110 012, India †Part 49 *Correspondent author, E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 91-551-2200745 (R) 2202856 (O); Fax: 91-551-2340459; Received 7 April 2006; Accepted 11 September 2006 Abstract The studies on antioxidant and antibacterial potential of essential/volatile oils and acetone extracts of various spices are presented in this paper. The antibacterial activity of the volatile oils and acetone extracts of anise, ajwain, tejpat, Chinese Cassia bark, fennel, coriander, dill, turmeric and star anise have been studied against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion and plate count methods. The results showed that volatile oils and extracts varied in their bioactivity. The volatile oils of ajwain, tejpat, Chinese Cassia bark and coriander were found to possess Ajwain excellent activity against all the Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains tested. These volatile oils and extracts are equally or more effective when compared with standard antibiotics diffusion and dilution of the test substance even at very low concentration. However, the acetone extract was found to be less effective as compared to volatile oils. Antioxidant activity of the oils and extracts were studied by DPPH, in a microbiological medium.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Composition of Trachyspermum Ammi L. and Its
    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(3): 131-140 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Chemical composition of Trachyspermum ammi L. and JPP 2017; 6(3): 131-140 Received: 04-03-2017 its biological properties: A review Accepted: 05-04-2017 KK Chahal KK Chahal, K Dhaiwal, A Kumar, D Kataria and N Singla Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Abstract Trachyspermum ammi L. (Apiaceae) commonly known as ajwain is an important medicinal, aromatic K Dhaiwal and spice plant. It was originated in Egypt and widely distributed throughout the World. Ajwain seeds Department of Chemistry, yield 2-5% brownish essential oil, with thymol as the major constituent along with p-cymene, γ- Punjab Agricultural University, terpinene, α-pinene, β-pinene and α-terpinene. Due to presence of various chemical constituents in Ludhiana, Punjab, India ajwain, various biological and pharmacological properties have been reported. The present study is an effort to collect all the information regarding chemical composition and biological activities of ajwain. A Kumar Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Keywords: Trachyspermum ammi (L.), Essential oil, Chemical composition, Biological properties Ludhiana, Punjab, India 1. Introduction D Kataria Natural products, such as essential oils are produced by the secondary metabolism in plants. Department of Chemistry, Their constituents are used in human consumption as functional food, food additives, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India medicines, nutritional supplements and for the manufacture of cosmetics (Burt and Reinders [15] 2003) . The volatile components of essential oils mainly consist of monoterpenes, N Singla sesquiterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives such as alcohols, aldehyde, ketones, acids and Department of Chemistry, esters (Suntar et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article
    Saini N et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 5(1), Jan - Feb 2014 Review Article www.ijrap.net SPASMOLYTIC POTENTIAL OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS BELONGING TO FAMILY UMBELLIFERAE: A REVIEW Saini N1*, Singh G.K.2, Nagori B.P.3 1Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacognosy, Lachoo Memorial College of Sci. and Tech., Pharmacy Wing, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Lachoo Memorial College of Sci. and Tech., Pharmacy Wing, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Director, Lachoo Memorial College of Sci. and Tech. Pharmacy Wing, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India Received on: 08/11/13 Revised on: 13/12/13 Accepted on: 16/01/14 *Corresponding author Navdeep Saini, Reader, Mandsaur Institute of Pharmacy, Rewas Dewada Road, MIT Campus, Mandsaur 458001 Madhya Pradesh, India Email: [email protected] DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.05116 ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal spasm is one of the most common gastrointestinal problems in infants. An herbal product is safe and effective gastrointestinal remedy to fight against various gastrointestinal problems. Polyherbal products are in use for the treatment of gastrointestinal problems since ancient time. Current era has witnessed an interest in homemade remedies. A large number of modern drugs have been developed from plants. The objective of this review is to provide a consolidated report on traditional uses and spasmolytic activities of some medicinal plants of umbelliferae family viz. Anethum graveolens, Apium graveolense, Foeniculum vulgare, Cuminum cyminum , Pimpinella anisum, Coriandrum sativum and Trachyspermum ammi have been extensively used for various gastrointestinal problems. Gastrointestinal spasm treatment is most common application of these plants oils. Keywords: Gastrointestinal problems, Spasm, Medicinal plants, Umbelliferae.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Chemical Health Risks
    Journal of Chemical Health Risks Journal of Chemical Health Risks (2016) 6(3), 153–160 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Effect of Non-Harmful Compounds Environmentally (Eucalyptus and Rosa damascena essences) on Vase Life and Some Physiological Characteristics of Gerbera Cut Flowers Leila Khosravi1, Nahid Rood1, Atoosa Danyaei2, Mehrdad Babarabie*3, 4 1Former student of Shariaty Technical College and Current students of Shirvan Higher Education Center 2 Ph.D Horticultural Sciences, Shariaty Technical College‚ Technical & Vocational University‚ Tehran‚ Iran 3 Ph.D. Student of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran 4Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran (Received: 16 January 2016 Accepted: 9 March 2016) ABSTRACT: In this study, Gerbera (Cv. alain ducasse) cut flowers were treated with essences of Eucalyptus and Rosa damascena at a concentration of 200 mg l-1 and their effects on the vase life KEYWORDS of flowers and some qualitative characteristics were evaluated. This research was a completely Gerbera; randomized design with factorial arrangement. Maximum vase life was obtained for flowers Healthy compounds; treated with the Eucalyptus essence (10 days) and the lowest vase life was related to the control (7 Vase life days). The maximum fresh weight, solution uptake, bent neck reduction were related to the Eucalyptus treatment and the maximum stem diameter was obtained with the R. damascena essence treatment. In addition, the total soluble solids in the treatment with herbal essences were increased compared to the control; however, no significant difference between them was observed. Overall, for increasing the vase life and qualitative characteristics of Gerbera cut flowers, eucalyptus and R.
    [Show full text]
  • Ajmud (Celery Or Radhuni Seed) Agro Products Manufacturers, Processors, Exporters, Suppliers, Traders in India FMCG Company Taj Agro Products®
    Ajmud (Celery or Radhuni seed) Agro Products Manufacturers, Processors, Exporters, suppliers, traders in India FMCG company Taj Agro Products® Ajmud (Celery or Radhuni seed) Indian cooking is different and unique from other cooking styles in the world because of the strong flavors, colors and aroma of the cuisines. The flavor and the aroma of the cuisines are as vibrant and mesmerizing as the culture itself. And, local spices play an important role in adding that Indian touch to the preparation and cooking of the local food. Indian spices have played an important role in making India's presence known to the rest of the world. In the past, European and merchants from the east traveled to the Indian subcontinent for trade. One of the specialties that they sought was the Indian herbs and spices as condiments. And, Indian curries are all about the different spices used to prepare them. India is still one of the largest producer and exporter of spices in the world. One such spice is Radhuni, a good substitute for celery. It's known as Ajmud or shalari in hindi, scientifically as Trachyspermum roxburghianum and as wild celery in English. It tastes similar to celery and has a very strong taste and smell. It's a good alternate to celery and tastes like parsley. Even The leaves of Ajmud are used as an alternative to parsley and coriander leaves. Ajmud is actually a dry fruit and cultivated extensively in south-east Asia. It is used to marinating/ seasoning mutton and baking. It is heated in cooking oil and then added to the curry for a giving the curry a strong flavor.
    [Show full text]
  • Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Correlation And
    482 Selcuk J Agr Food Sci, (2018) 32 (3), 482-495 e-ISSN: 2458-8377 DOI: 10.15316/SJAFS.2018.127 Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Phenological, Agronomic and Morphological Traits of Cumin and Ajwain Populations in Iran Mahdi FARAVANI1, Ali Ashraf JAFARI 2, Majid RANJBAR 1, Abdoul Karim NEGARI 1, Narjes AZIZI 1 1Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Cen- ter, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran 2Forest and Rangeland Research Institute, Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Tehran, Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSRACT Article history: Trachyspermum ammi (L.) and Cuminum cyminum area herbaceous herbs belong to the family of Apiaceae and belonging to the family Apiaceae, are one Received date: 10.06.2018 of the earliest cultivated herbs in Asia, Africa and the Mediterranean countries. Accepted date: 28.11.2018 They are widely used in foods, beverages, perfume, and pharmaceutical indus- tries. This research was carried out in a randomized complete block design Keywords: with three replications at Research Station of the Agricultural Research and Education Center of Khorasan Razavi, Iran during 2012-2013. In this experi- Path analysis ment, genotypes of Ajwain (27) and Cumin (24) from different parts of the Essential oils country were collected by the Natural Resources Genes Bank of Iran. This diversity study aims to evaluate the morphological and phenological traits and also to Physiological maturity measure essential oil percentage, yield and yield components of herbs for Correlation achieving superior germplasms. Seed samples were first cultivated in the greenhouse and then transferred to the field and cultivated in drip irrigation conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Umbelliferae) in Lakhimpur District, Assam
    ISSN: 2455-3050 (Online) ENVIRONMENTALISM An Interdisciplinary International Journal Study of the available species of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) in Lakhimpur district, Assam Journal Environmentalism Manuscript ID Env.nlc.8.16 Manuscript Type Full Paper Date Submitted by the Author 13 November, 2016, Accepted: 30 December, 2016 Complete List of Authors Dharitri Borgohain Apiaceae, spice, condiments, medicines. Keywords To cite this article: Dharitri Borgohain. 2016. Study of the available species of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) in Lakhimpur district, Assam. Environmentalism 2(2): 107-114. URL: http://environmentalism.in/env.nlc.8.16 Email: [email protected] ISSN: 2455-3050 (Online) Environmentalism (2016) 2(2): 107-114 North Lakhimpur College Publishing Committee Received: 13 November, 2016 Revised: 15 December, 2016 Accepted: 30 December, 2016 STUDY OF THE AVAILABLE SPECIES OF THE FAMILY APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE) IN LAKHIMPUR DISTRICT, ASSAM Dharitri Borgohain Department of Botany, North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous), Lakhimpur-787031, Assam, India Email: [email protected] Abstract The present study deals with the exploration, identification, documentation and uses of the family Apiaceae in Lakhimpur district of Assam. The informations have been gathered from the frequent trips to different places during the study period from the local inhabitants, village medicine men and identified by consulting relevant scientific literatures. In this paper, a total of 12 species were reported along with their scientific names, common name, local name and uses. Majority of the plants belonging to this family possess high economic value and are extensively used as sources of food, medicines, spices and condiments. Keywords: Apiaceae, spice, condiments, medicines. 1 Introduction The family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) encompasses approximately 200 genera and a large number of species.
    [Show full text]
  • Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Ajwain
    Hossein Mostafavi et al. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2015, 6 (9) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407 Research Article QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AJWAIN (Trachyspermum ammi) FROM NORTH-WEST IRAN Hossein Mostafavi*, Sakha Pezhhanfar Department of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Article Received on: 01/07/15 Revised on: 19/08/15 Approved for publication: 26/08/15 DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.069119 ABSTRACT Most spices, owe their individual properties to the pharmacologically active secondary metabolites that they contain. In this study plant Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) from North-West Iran was screened for the presence of major phytochemical groups. Three solvent extracts (water, ethanol, ethylacetate) obtained from Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) traditionally used in the past and even now for various therapeutic effects including fatigue, diarrhea, bloating, abdominal tumors and especially in local area of Tabriz to cause to heal up the joint pain and loss of appetite. Phytochemical screening of the plant Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, teriterpenoids, steroids, tannins, phenolic compounds, coumarins, resins, saponins, oil and fat, inorganic acids and ascorbic acid as major phytochemical groups. Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) tested negative for the presence of glycosides, starch, amino acids, protein, phelobotanin and free antraquinones and organic acids. Keywords: Trachyspermum ammi, Ajwain, Qualitative phytochemical analysis, bioactive constituents. INTRODUCTION classified as aromatic spice, mostly dried fruits of which are used as spices. Trachyspermum is a cross-pollinated crop and has a somatic Herbal remedies from plants continue to provide a popular alternative chromosome number of 2n=18.
    [Show full text]