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Activation Policies and Social Experiments: the Israeli Case Study Orit Fisher

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Activation Policies and Social Experiments: the Israeli Case Study Orit Fisher Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2013 Activation Policies and Social Experiments: The Israeli Case Study Orit Fisher Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY ACTIVATION POLICIES AND SOCIAL EXPERIMENTS: THE ISRAELI CASE STUDY By ORIT FISHER A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Sociology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2013 Orit Fisher defended this dissertation on March 28 2013. The members of the supervisory committee were: Jill S. Quadagno Professor Directing Dissertation Iatarola, Patrice University Representative Isaac W. Eberstein Committee Member Daniel Tope Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii To those who I cannot do without For the memory of my dad who always inspired me iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In my path at the Sociology Department at Florida State University, I was lucky to have had people who greatly inspired and influenced me both as a scholar and as a person. I would like to thank Dr. Jill Quadagno, for her endless support and encouragement. I felt lucky when she first agreed to mentor me in the first place. I am glad to have this space to thank her and express my sincere gratitude. I would like to thank Dr. Ike Eberstein, without whom I would, literally, not be here. At difficult moments, he was an island of sanity for me and his open door and infinite patience was a great help. Dr. Eberstein and Nancy always provided me good and honest advice, a secure ground and a feeling of belonging. Believers say that when one becomes a guardian of a newborn, the newborn takes something from the personality of the guardian, so I feel even blessed for his part in my son’s life. I would like to thank my committee members- Dr. Daniel Tope, for his wonderful advice and support throughout this process. I would like to thank Dr. Patrice Iatarola for all of her support which went above and beyond what one could ask for. On a personal level, Dr. Iatarola and Magi allowed me to dedicate myself to my study, as I know that my loved ones were taken care. I would also like to thank Dr. Gloria Lassen and Juan for their continuous smile and good word. Thank you Dr. Gershon Tennenbaum, head of the Israeli community in Tallahassee, who believed in me from the first time we met, and did everything in his ability to make this happen for me. Thank you to Mona and Dave Markel the head of the Jewish Federation in town that provided me with the opportunity to become part of a wonderful community. A special thanks to the Florida Israel Institute for supporting my education and for providing me with this wonderful opportunity to study aboard and become a better scholar. Many thanks for Jamie Yeargan, without whom our department would have fallen apart and to Kim and Lettie who make our work so much easier, joyful, and possible to manage (mainly with kids -thank you for that Kim). From the bottom of my heart, I would like to thank my dear colleagues and friends at FSU. I truly value Carmen von Rhor for her friendship and I am thankful for all of her help and advices along the way - I am not sure what I would have done without her, and she definitely made my journey much more fun. I would also like to thank Brandon McKelve for supporting and encouraging me and for being a friend during difficult and happy times. I would like to thank Rusty Shekha, Ben Kail, and JoEllen Paterson. I do not feel that I am leaving Tallahassee with iv many friends but I feel that I am leaving with friends for life. Thank you to all my other fellow sociologists who provided good memories for me over the years. Thank you to my mother and father, Hana and Carol Fisher, to my sister, Anat, and her family. I know it was not the easiest years for you all but your love and support helped me, and shaped me as a better person. I would like to thank you for being that one constant factor in my life who I can always count on. I love you more than words can express. Thank you to Dvora Shalem, Professor Elieser Kaplinsky, Hayuni’s, Carmel’s, and Rotenberg Families. Almost a final thank you to my grandparents Menahem, Daphna, Yadviga and Rita, that always made me feel special, supported, guided and guarded me. I miss you and thinking of you all every day. Finally, thank you to my wonderful family. My loving partner Khen, you started this wonderful adventure for me and made this journey possible. You encouraged me and supported me in everything I did. Thank you for days, weeks and months where you allowed me to focus on my work without any distraction or guilt. You are an inspiration. I feel lucky to have you in my life. Itai and (A)idan, my two wonderful boys, your unconditional love makes me a better, a happier, and a more complete person. v TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ ix Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... x 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The History of Activation policy ................................................................................ 3 1.3 Privatization Theory: Merging a Public Problem with Private Profit .......................... 8 2. WELFARE TO WORK (UNITED STATES, GREAT BRITAIN, THE NETHERLANDS) ......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 United States Welfare Reforms and the Beginning of Activation Policies ................ 12 2.2 Wisconsin Works Welfare Reform ........................................................................... 15 2.3 Research and Evaluation .......................................................................................... 18 2.4 European Labor Market Developments .................................................................... 23 2.5 Following the American Model................................................................................ 26 3. WORLDVIEW ATTITUDES ........................................................................................... 28 3.1 Welfare Regime Theory ........................................................................................... 28 3.2 The Relationships between Welfare Policy and Public Perceptions .......................... 30 3.3 Data ......................................................................................................................... 33 3.4 Statistical Model ...................................................................................................... 38 3.5 Analysis and Findings .............................................................................................. 40 3.6 Limitations .............................................................................................................. 54 3.7 Conclusions and Discussion ..................................................................................... 56 4. THE ISRAELI CASE STUDY .......................................................................................... 62 4.1 The Establishment of the Israeli Welfare State ......................................................... 62 4.2 The Link between the Local and the Global – Globalization and Localization .......... 69 5. THE ISRAELI WISCONSIN WELFARE TO WORK PROGRAM--THE BIRTH AND DEATH OF A PROGRAM ............................................................................................... 72 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 72 5.2 Methods ................................................................................................................... 74 5.3 The Birth of a Program ............................................................................................ 78 5.4 August 1st 2005-The Israeli Welfare to Work Program is Launched ...................... 100 5.5 The Israeli WTW Program's Results over the Trial Period - The First Year ............ 111 5.6 The End of the First Year- the Second Tamir Committee ....................................... 116 5.7 A Third Year to the Trial Period ............................................................................ 118 5.8 Lights for Employments......................................................................................... 125 5.9 The End of the Program ......................................................................................... 137 vi 5.10 After the Storm ...................................................................................................... 138 5.11 Conclusions and Discussion ................................................................................... 140 6. CONCLUSIONS
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