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Summer 98 Cover F&B Chicago EXPLORING NATURE & CULTURE WSUMIMLERD 19E98 RNES S GEMS OF THE BUG WORLD • P RAIRIES : B ORN TO BURN What is Chicago Wilderness? Chicago Wilderness is some of the finest and most signifi - cant nature in the temperate world, with roughly 200,000 acres of protected natural lands harboring native plant and animal communities that are more rare—and their survival more globally threatened—than the tropical rain forests. CHICAGO WILDERNESS is an unprecedented alliance of more than 60 public and private organizations working together to study and restore, protect and manage the precious natural resources of the Chicago region for the benefit of the public. Chicago WILDERNES S is a new quarterly magazine that seeks to articulate a vision of regional identity linked to nature and our natural heritage, to celebrate and promote the rich nat - ural areas of this region, and to inform readers about the work of the many organizations engaged in collaborative conservation. CHICAGO WILDERNESS A Regional Nature Reserve Native Prairie Twilight or Dawn? o many of our neighbors, prairies seem foreign and unat - in this region worked to save the remaining parcels—not by Ttractive, second cousin to the trash-filled vacant lot. erecting a fence and staying out, but by tending to the land Typically, we’re uncomfortable and making amends. This meant with what we don’t know. As re-introducing natural processes Verie Sandborg notes in her such as controlled fire; restoring essay on page 30, one could some of the original hydrology, easily be a native of these parts and bringing back species—plants, and never have encountered butterflies, mammals, turtles— what was once the dominant whose populations had been landscape of this region. The severely threatened. Midwest’s sea of grass—a rich Now rarities such as Cooper’s mosaic of prairies, oak woods, hawks and the prairie white- and marshes—was virtually fringed orchids are reappearing eradicated within the span of a through the caring intervention single human lifetime. Today, of human stewards. Restoration less than one-hundredth of one has taught us that people have an percent of high-quality native essential role to play in the future prairie remains. of nature, that we can think O Because there is so little left, beyond being users, or abusers, of P P O it’s not easy to know the nature. We can, in fact, become S I T prairie, and thus not easy to stewards of our natural communi - E : M love it. We grew up with gor - ties. Thousands of people i c h geous images of Yellowstone, throughout the region are now i g a the Grand Canyon, and working at hundreds of sites to n l i Yosemite splayed before us. learn about and restore the best of l y t This was Nature resplendent, what survives of our original land - h r i v true Nature fine and pure—or scape. The stewards will tell you e s i so we were told. No one told that our native prairies, open n P m us about the prairies. h woods, and wetlands are beautiful o t o o i : s But it was in the prairies C and subtle, bold and surprising; t a s e p y r that modern humanity would that the journey of discovery is G a a i l v r i i learn a shocking secret about n joyful and profound—and often e s a nature. Leaving nature alone totally fun. n d isn’t enough. Leave prairie alone, and we lose it. But don’t listen to these people. Get out in the wilds and o p e Thus, by necessity, prairies became the places where see for yourself. Look nature in the eye. Lend a hand if you n w humans began to develop a new interrelationship with want to. Enter the Discovery Zone. Become a native in our o o d nature. Alarmed at the loss of their native landscape, people native land. s . P h o t o b y J Debra Shore o s e p EDITOR h K a y n e . S UMMER 1998 CONTENTS P h o t o : F r FEATURES a n k 4 O b e r l BORN TO BURN by Alex Blumberg . .4 e Its landscape flattened by violent glaciers—molded by fire for millions of years—the tallgrass prairie teeters on the edge of extinction. People have been scourge to nature; now only people can save it. GEMS OF THE BUG WORLD by Jill Riddell . .10 Ecologists find butterflies to be great barometers of ecosystem quality. P h o t o “Citizen scientists” bring home the data. : R o b C u r t i s / T h e E a D E PA RTMENTS r l y B 10 i r d e Into the Wild . .13 r Our guide to the best natural areas of the region. In this issue discover five first-rate prairies—famous and little known—plus listings of prairie work parties. Natural Events Calendar . .20 What’s debuting on nature’s stage this season, with tips for where to see, hear, and find Chicago Wilderness. P The Prairie Shopping Mall . .21 h o t o Native American and pioneer consumers found everything they needed : K a r e on the prairie. n E 22 n g s t r o Meet Your Neighbors . .22 m Meet the red bat and elegant prairie walkingstick. Meet the Hoffman Dam River Rats and Ray Schulenberg, the Morton Arboretum’s pioneer of prairie restoration. Chicago News from Chicago Wilderness . .26 WILDERNES S EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: Guest Essay . .30 Barbara Whitney Carr, Chicago Botanic Garden Encountering a Prairie, by Verie Sandborg. This Midwestern native Laura Gates, Field Museum describes encountering her first prairie in her fifties—and how it Dan Griffin, Forest Preserve District of DuPage County changed her life. George Rabb, Brookfield Zoo EDITOR . Debra Shore Reading Pictures . .32 SENIOR EDITOR . Stephen Packard Stroking. ASSISTANT EDITORS . Sheryl De Vore . Chris Howes PHOTO EDITOR . Karen Engstrom EDITORIAL CONSULTANT . Bill Aldrich DESIGN . Creative Graphic Solutions ART DIRECTOR . Liita Forsyth Chicago WILDERNESS is published quarterly. Subscriptions are $12/yr. Please address all subscription correspondence to Chicago WILDERNESS , P.O. Box 268, Downers Grove, IL 60515-0268. Please direct editorial inquiries and correspondence to Editor, Chicago WILDERNESS , 9232 Avers Ave, Evanston, IL 60203. (847) 677-2470. e-mail: [email protected] Unsolicited manuscripts cannot be returned without a self-addressed COVER PHOTO : Sitting on a purple coneflower, stamped envelope. Chicago WILDERNESS is printed on an Aphrodite fritillary encounters photographer Karen Engstrom recycled paper and should be passed around from friend to at Gensburg-Markham Prairie.(Can you find the caterpillar?) friend. Chicago WILDERNESS is endorsed by the Chicago Region Biodiversity Council. The opinions expressed in OPPOSITE: Butterflyweed explodes from the freshly burned these pages, however, are the authors’ own. © by Chicago Belmont Prairie in Downers Grove. Photo by Joseph Kayne. Wilderness Magazine , Inc. ISSN 1097-8917. Postmaster, address service requested to AT RIGHT: The upland sandpiper needs big grasslands. Chicago WILDERNESS , PO Box 268, Downers Grove, IL Photo by Rob Curtis. 60515-0268. All rights reserved. S UMMER 1998 3 Born to Burn by Alex Blumberg P h o t o : J o s e p h K a y n e or most of the last few thousand years, two what the plucky Smith came up with: seas converged on the spot where Chicago “An ocean of prairie surrounds the spectator whose F now stands. One was blue, the other green. vision is not limited to less than 30 or 40 miles. This The blue sea, Lake Michigan, still pounds great sea of verdure is interspersed with delightfully against the shore as it always has. But of the varying undulations, like the vast waves of the ocean.” green one, the prairie, little remains. To see it as it once It must have been a stunning landscape to produce was, we have only the accounts of awestruck settlers. such breathless and ineffectual description. The irony is “The view beggars all description,” confessed W.R. that the same settlers who preserved it for posterity in Smith, traveling through the Wisconsin prairie circa their journals plowed and grazed it nearly to oblivion. 1835. Smith was not alone in his opinion. The prairie Tallgrass prairie once covered 60 percent of Illinois. confounded every 19th century diarist, letter writer, and Today, less than one-tenth of one percent of the land - scribe who sought to render its grandeur in prose. Here’s scape fits that description. 4 C HICAGO W ILDERNESS At Belmont Prairie (photo above), the rare scurfy pea blooms along with pale purple coneflower, wild quinine, New Jersey tea, black-eyed susan, and others. Learn about scurfy pea and an even rarer walkingstick on page 25. How Prairies Evolved Fire ountains trap weather. They catch the prevailing n the rain shadow, dry winds and cyclic drought turn Mwind and bind it into clouds, corral those clouds, and Igrassland to tinder, making wildfires sparked by electrical fatten them until they rain. To the lands leeward, moun - storms a frequent occurrence. By locating their buds under - tains serve as a giant dehumidifier, draining the air of all ground, where they are insulated from the flames, the its moisture before letting it pass. They cast what is called prairie plants evolved to withstand these semi-regular a rain shadow. Around 20 million years ago, give or take torchings. an eon, the two tectonic plates that met along the western But calling the prairie fire-adapted is like calling human half of North America collided, crumpling what had been beings oxygen-adapted.
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