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Burma – Myanmar
BURMA COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS Jerome Holloway 1947-1949 Vice Consul, Rangoon Edwin Webb Martin 1950-1051 Consular Officer, Rangoon Joseph A. Mendenhall 1955-1957 Economic Officer, Office of Southeast Asian Affairs, Washington DC William C. Hamilton 1957-1959 Political Officer, Rangoon Arthur W. Hummel, Jr. 1957-1961 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Rangoon Kenneth A. Guenther 1958-1959 Rangoon University, Rangoon Cliff Forster 1958-1960 Information Officer, USIS, Rangoon Morton Smith 1958-1963 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Rangoon Morton I. Abramowitz 1959 Temporary Duty, Economic Officer, Rangoon Jack Shellenberger 1959-1962 Branch Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Moulmein John R. O’Brien 1960-1962 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Rangoon Robert Mark Ward 1961 Assistant Desk Officer, USAID, Washington, DC George M. Barbis 1961-1963 Analyst for Thailand and Burma, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Washington DC Robert S. Steven 1962-1964 Economic Officer, Rangoon Ralph J. Katrosh 1962-1965 Political Officer, Rangoon Ruth McLendon 1962-1966 Political/Consular Officer, Rangoon Henry Byroade 1963-1969 Ambassador, Burma 1 John A. Lacey 1965-1966 Burma-Cambodia Desk Officer, Washington DC Cliff Southard 1966-1969 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Rangoon Edward C. Ingraham 1967-1970 Political Counselor, Rangoon Arthur W. Hummel Jr. 1968-1971 Ambassador, Burma Robert J. Martens 1969-1970 Political – Economic Officer, Rangoon G. Eugene Martin 1969-1971 Consular Officer, Rangoon 1971-1973 Burma Desk Officer, Washington DC Edwin Webb Martin 1971-1973 Ambassador, Burma John A. Lacey 1972-1975 Deputy Chief of Mission, Rangoon James A. Klemstine 1973-1976 Thailand-Burma Desk Officer, Washington DC Frank P. Coward 1973-1978 Cultural Affairs Officer, USIS, Rangoon Richard M. -
Dooplaya Situation Update: Kawkareik Township, January to October 2016
Situation Update July 18, 2017 / KHRG # 16-92-S1 Dooplaya Situation Update: Kawkareik Township, January to October 2016 This Situation Update describes events occurring in Kawkareik Township, Dooplaya District during the period between January and October 2016, and includes issues regarding army base locations, rape, drugs, villagers’ livelihood, military activities, refugee concerns, development, education, healthcare, land and taxation. • In the last two months, a Burmese man from A--- village raped and killed a 17-year-old girl. The man was arrested and was sent to Tatmadaw military police. The man who committed the rape was also under the influence of drugs. • Drug abuse has been recognised as an ongoing issue in Dooplaya District. Leaders and officials have tried to eliminate drugs, but the drug issue remains. • Refugees from Noh Poe refugee camp in Thailand are concerned that they will face difficulties if they return to Burma/Myanmar because Bo San Aung’s group (DKBA splinter group) started fighting with BGF and Tatmadaw when the refugees were preparing for their return to Burma/Myanmar. The ongoing fighting will cause problems for refugees if they return. Local people residing in Burma/Myanmar are also worried for refugees if they return because fighting could break out at any time. • There are many different armed groups in Dooplaya District who collect taxes. A local farmer reported that he had to pay a rice tax to many different armed groups, which left him with little money after. Situation Update | Kawkareik Township, Dooplaya District (January to October 2016) The following Situation Update was received by KHRG in November 2016. -
Ethnic Armed Actors and Justice Provision in Myanmar
Ethnic Armed Actors and Justice Provision in Myanmar Brian McCartan and Kim Jolliffe October 2016 Preface As a result of decades of ongoing civil war, large areas of Myanmar remain outside government rule, or are subject to mixed control and governance by the government and an array of ethnic armed actors (EAAs). These included ethnic armed organizations, with ceasefires or in conflict with the state, as well as state-backed ethnic paramilitary organizations, such as the Border Guard Forces and People’s Militia Forces. Despite this complexity, order has been created in these areas, in large part through customary justice mechanisms at the community level, and as a result of justice systems administered by EAAs. Though the rule of law and the workings of Myanmar’s justice system are receiving increasing attention, the role and structure of EAA justice systems and village justice remain little known and therefore, poorly understood. As such, The Asia Foundation is pleased to present this research on justice provision and ethnic armed actors in Myanmar, as part of the Foundation’s Social Services in Contested Areas in Myanmar series. The study details how the village, and village-based mechanisms, are the foundation of stability and order for civilians in most of these areas. These systems have then been built through EAA justice systems, which maintain a hierarchy of courts above the village level. Understanding the continuity and stability of these village systems, and the heterogeneity of the EAA justice systems which work alongside them, is essential for understanding civilians’ experiences of justice and security across Myanmar, as well as the opportunities for positive change that exist in Myanmar’s ongoing peace process and governance reforms. -
Chapter 6 South-East Asia
Chapter 6 South-East Asia South-East Asia is the least compact among the extremity of North-East Asia. The contiguous ar- regions of the Asian continent. Out of its total eas constituting the continental interior include land surface, estimated at four million sq.km., the the highlands of Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and mainland mass has a share of only 40 per cent. northern Vietnam. The relief pattern is that of a The rest is accounted for by several thousand is- longitudinal ridge and furrow in Myanmar and lands of the Indonesian and Philippine archipela- an undulating plateau eastwards. These are re- goes. Thus, it is composed basically of insular lated to their structural difference: the former and continental components. Nevertheless the being a zone of tertiary folds and the latter of orographic features on both these landforms are block-faulted massifs of greater antiquity. interrelated. This is due to the focal location of the region where the two great axes, one of lati- The basin of the Irrawady (Elephant River), tudinal Cretaceo-Tertiary folding and the other forming the heartland of Myanmar, is ringed by of the longitudinal circum-Pacific series, converge. mountains on three sides. The western rampart, This interface has given a distinctive alignment linking Patkai, Chin, and Arakan, has been dealt to the major relief of the region as a whole. In with in the South Asian context. The northern brief, the basic geological structures that deter- ramparts, Kumon, Kachin, and Namkiu of the mine the trend of the mountains are (a) north- Tertiary fold, all trend north-south parallel to the south and north-east in the mainland interior, (b) Hengduan Range and are the highest in South- east-west along the Indonesian islands, and (c) East Asia; and this includes Hkakabo Raz north-south across the Philippines. -
Burma Road to Poverty: a Socio-Political Analysis
THE BURMA ROAD TO POVERTY: A SOCIO-POLITICAL ANALYSIS' MYA MAUNG The recent political upheavals and emergence of what I term the "killing field" in the Socialist Republic of Burma under the military dictatorship of Ne Win and his successors received feverish international attention for the brief period of July through September 1988. Most accounts of these events tended to be journalistic and failed to explain their fundamental roots. This article analyzes and explains these phenomena in terms of two basic perspec- tives: a historical analysis of how the states of political and economic devel- opment are closely interrelated, and a socio-political analysis of the impact of the Burmese Way to Socialism 2, adopted and enforced by the military regime, on the structure and functions of Burmese society. Two main hypotheses of this study are: (1) a simple transfer of ownership of resources from the private to the public sector in the name of equity and justice for all by the military autarchy does not and cannot create efficiency or elevate technology to achieve the utopian dream of economic autarky and (2) the Burmese Way to Socialism, as a policy of social change, has not produced significant and fundamental changes in the social structure, culture, and personality of traditional Burmese society to bring about modernization. In fact, the first hypothesis can be confirmed in light of the vicious circle of direct controls-evasions-controls whereby military mismanagement transformed Burma from "the Rice Bowl of Asia," into the present "Rice Hole of Asia." 3 The second hypothesis is more complex and difficult to verify, yet enough evidence suggests that the tradi- tional authoritarian personalities of the military elite and their actions have reinforced traditional barriers to economic growth. -
Patterns of Anti-Muslim Violence in Burma: a Call for Accountability and Prevention
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research City College of New York 2013 Patterns of Anti-Muslim Violence in Burma: A Call for Accountability and Prevention Andrea Gittleman Physicians for Human Rights Marissa Brodney Physicians for Human Rights Holly G. Atkinson CUNY City College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_pubs/408 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Physicians for Patterns of Anti-Muslim Human Rights Violence in Burma: A Call for Accountability August 2013 and Prevention A mother looks out from her tent alongside physiciansforhumanrights.org her children at a camp for internally displaced persons on the outskirts of Sittwe, Burma. Photo: Paula Bronstein/Getty Images About Physicians for Human Rights For more than 25 years, PHR’s use of science and medicine has been on the cutting edge of human rights work. 1986 2003 Led investigations of torture in Warned U.S. policymakers on health Chile, gaining freedom for heroic and human rights conditions prior doctors there to and during the invasion of Iraq 1988 2004 First to document the Iraqi use Documented genocide and sexual of chemical weapons on Kurds, violence in Darfur in support of providing evidence for prosecution international prosecutions of war criminals 2010 1996 Investigated the epidemic of Exhumed mass graves -
In Indo-Burma
Chapter 5. The status and distribution of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) in Indo-Burma Graham Reels1, Rory Dow2, Matti Hämäläinen3 and Do Manh Cuong4 5.1 Overview of the regional Odonata with reference to the freshwater ecoregions ..........................................................................................90 5.1.1 Upland rivers ........................................................................................................................................................................................................92 5.1.2 Floodplain rivers and wetland complexes .....................................................................................................................................................92 5.1.3 Coastal rivers ........................................................................................................................................................................................................94 5.1.4 Large river deltas .................................................................................................................................................................................................95 5.2 Conservation status ......................................................................................................................................................................................................95 5.3 Patterns of species richness and endemism .............................................................................................................................................................97 -
Read the WASH Assessment
WASH ASSESSMENT Kayin, Myanmar From august 19th to 31th 2019 / Report date: September 6th 2019 Authors: Timothée LE GUELLEC (PUI), Thomas Monnet, Loïc Bruckert (Aquassistance) SOMMAIRE Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………................................. 1 Context……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………... 1 General context………………………………………………………………………………………………….……… 1 Mission scope …………………………………………………………………………………….…………................ 2 Main findings……………………………………………….…………………………………………………….……... 3 Access to water, sanitation and hygiene…………..……………………………………………………….……… 3 Governance……………………………………….………….…………………………………………………… 3 Water availability…………………………………………….………………………………………………….… 4 Water quality…………………………………………………………………………………………………….… 5 Sanitation and hygiene…………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 WaSH in Schools………………………………………………..…………………………………….……….… 8 WaSH in health care facilities…………………………………………………………………….……………… 9 WaSH in camps……………………………………………………………………………………………………10 Logistics and market……………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 11 Equipment and material………………………………………………………………………………..………… 11 Services providers…………………………………………………………………………………………………11 Roads conditions and transportation…………………………………………………………….………………11 Constraints and opportunities……………………………………………………………………...…………………11 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………………12 Long term WaSH strategy…………………………………………………………………………………...…………12 Foster coordination between state and non-state actors………………………………………………………12 Improve and monitor water quality…………………………………………………………………………….…12 -
The Steel Butterfly: Aung San Suu Kyi Democracy Movement in Burma
presents The Steel Butterfly: Aung San Suu Kyi and the Democracy Movement in Burma Photo courtesy of First Post Voices Against Indifference Initiative 2012-2013 Dear Teachers, As the world watches Burma turn toward democracy, we cannot help but wish to be part of this historic movement; to stand by these citizens who long for justice and who so richly deserve to live in a democratic society. For 25 years, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi endured house arrest because of her unwavering belief in, and fight for, democracy for all the people of Burma. Through her peaceful yet tireless example, Madam Suu Kyi has demonstrated the power of the individual to change the course of history. Now, after 22 years, the United States of America has reopened diplomatic relations with Burma. President Barack Obama visited in November 2012, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited in December 2011 and, in July of 2012, Derek Mitchell was appointed to represent our country as Ambassador to Burma. You who are the teachers of young people, shape thinking and world views each day, directly or subtly, in categories of learning that cross all boundaries. The Echo Foundation thanks you for your commitment to creating informed, compassionate, and responsible young people who will lead us into the future while promoting respect, justice and dignity for all people. With this curriculum, we ask you to teach your students about Burma, the Burmese people, and their leader, Aung San Suu Kyi. The history of Burma is fascinating. Long in the margins of traditional studies, it deserves to come into the light so that we may join the people of Burma in their quest for a stable democracy. -
Political Participation in Developing Countries, Harvard Univ
Leadership and Political Regime Policy Formulation in Developing Countries GRIPS Development Forum Leadership is Crucial Top leader with proper vision and decisive action is crucial for development. Not all strong leaders are effective leaders. Economic literacy is the key requirement. A good leader is the primary force in institutional change, because he/she can build other necessary conditions and systems. All Strong Effective leaders leaders leaders Good Leaders: Given or Can be Promoted? Leaders and leadership quality are not directly controllable for anyone and for any political regime. However, there are indirect ways to raise the probability of emergence of good leaders: Leadership and elite education Comparative studies in development politics Systematic analysis of technical aspects of effective policy making (eg. This course and my book, Learning to Industrialize) Well-calculated cooperation and pressure from foreign governments and aid agencies (eg. Leftwich’s DLP) Regional contagion of good leadership (eg. East Asian AD) Biographies, dramas, movies of excellent national leaders East Asia’s Historical Solution Adopt Authoritarian Developmentalism (AD) during the take-off period (for a few decades) Key ingredients of AD Powerful and wise (=economically literate) top leader Development as a supreme national goal (obsession) Technocrat group to support leader and execute policies Legitimacy derived from successful development Popular support (because of rising income) The leader, as the primary force of change, creates the other four conditions. Authoritarian Developmental States in East Asia 1945 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 15 20 China Mao Zedong Deng Xiaoping Jiang Zemin Hu Jintao Xi Jinping Chun Doo- Roh Moo- Park Moon Rhee Syng-man Park Chung-hee No Tae-woo Kim YS Kim Dae-jung Lee MB South Korea hwan hyun GH Jae-in Yen Tsai Ing- Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Ching-kuo Lee Teng-hui Chen Shui-bian Ma YJ Taiwan CK wen Magsays Macapag Quirino Garcia Marcos C. -
ITHCP Project Portfolio Snapshots
Integrated Tiger Habitat Conservation Programme Project portfolio snapshots Integrated Tiger Habitat Conservation Programme A development programme nanced by the Federal Republic of Germany through KfW Development Bank Project portfolio snapshots (February 2019 version) INTEGRATED TIGER HABITAT CONSERVATION PROGRAMME CURRENT PORTFOLIO* *as of February 2019 ZSL DoFPS Bhutan WCS WWF Aaranyak MFD WTI / WildTeam Wildlife Asia FFI NCF WWF Tiger Conservation Landscapes FFI ITHCP projects 0 300 600 Kilometers CHINA Zooogical Society of London (Nepal-India) Code 1327 - Partners: International NGO; National /Local NGOs & Government Agencies. IUCN-KfW funding: 2.6 million EUR >Tiger Conservation Landscapes n° 40, 41, 42, 43< NEPAL Objective: Increasing tiger populations through improved management and monitoring of ve transboundary INDIA tiger sites in Nepal and India, with foci on law enfor- 0 35 70 140 cement, biological monitoring, and sustainable Kilometers development for local communities in the surrounding landscape. Highlights (project outcomes): • Improved on-site law enforcement in Sukla, Parsa, Bardia, CHINA Banke and Nandaur reduces tiger poaching over the 3-year period Current tiger population: ~198-> Expected increase to: ~238 tigers • Improved management eectiveness in 5 PAs (Sukla and Nandaur Wildlife Parsa Wildlife Reserve, Bardia and Banke National Parks Sanctuary (IN) and Nandaur Wildlife Sanctuary) supports the monitoring Sukla Phanta and conservation of tiger populations over the 3-year period Wildlife Reserve (NP) • Human-tiger -
Appendix I: Interview Transcripts
‘I Faced It Myself’ Appendix I: Interview transcripts Interview | Saw A--- (male, 34), Waw Lay village, Kawkareik Township (November 13th 2010)............... 3 Interview | Naw Af--- (female, 45), Waw Lay village, Kawkareik Township (November 13th 2010) .......... 6 Interview | Saw B--- (male, 25), Waw Lay village, Kawkareik Township (November 13th 2010)............. 11 Interview | Saw C--- (male, 31), Waw Lay village, Kawkareik Township (November 13th 2010)............. 14 Interview | Saw D--- (male, 24), Waw Lay village, Kawkareik Township (November 13th 2010) ........... 15 Interview | Saw E--- (male, 50), Waw Lay village, Kawkareik Township (November 13th 2010)............. 18 Interview | Saw F--- (male, 38), Waw Lay village, Kawkareik Township (November 13th 2010) ............. 19 Interview | Naw H--- (female), I--- village, Kawkareik Township (November 13th 2010) .......................... 22 Interview | Saw J--- (male, 20), I--- village, Kawkareik Township (November 13th 2010) ........................ 23 Interview | Naw Ag--- (female, 46), I--- village, Kawkareik Township (November 13th 2010) .................. 25 Interview | Saw K--- (male, 30), Myawaddy Town, T’Nay Hsa Township (November 13th 2010) ........... 28 Interview | Daw L--- (female, 52), Myawaddy Town, T’Nay Hsa Township (November 13th 2010)......... 36 Interview | Naw O--- (female, 28), P--- village, Tak Province (November 13th 2010)............................... 39 Interview | Saw S--- (male, 56), Myawaddy Town, T’Nay Hsah Township (November 13th 2010) ........