Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae

Biodiversity of South America. II Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae

1. Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Chilean and Magellanean sub-regions: new data, new genus and new species (Coleoptera Staphylinidae)

2. Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Andean and Brazilian sub-regions: new data, new genera and new species (Coleoptera Staphylinidae)

Roberto PACE

Verona, 2015 Memoirs on Biodiversity, volume 3, 2015 CONTENTS

Biodiversity of South America. II Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Chilean and Magellanean sub-regions: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae new data, new genus and new species ...... 15 ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 9788890281624 Abstract ...... 15 Resumen ...... 15 © Copyright 2015 WBA Project - Verona (Italy) Introduction ...... 16 Material and methods ...... 16 Editorial Board: Acronyms and abbreviations ...... 17 Ludivina Barrientos-Lozano, Ciudad Victoria (Mexico) Achille Casale, Sassari (Italy) Taxonomy ...... 17 Mauro Daccordi, Verona (Italy) PAGLINI ...... 17 Pier Mauro Giachino, Torino (Italy) Pagla pictipennis (Fauvel, 1866) ...... 17 Laura Guidolin, Padova (Italy) Pagla chilensis (Kraatz, 1859) ...... 17 Roy Kleukers, Leiden (Holland) Pagla anthracina (Fairmaire & Germain, 1861) ...... 17 Bruno Massa, Palermo (Italy) HYPOCYPHTINI ...... 18 Giovanni Onore, Quito (Ecuador) Oligota valdiviana Pace, 2000 ...... 18 Giuseppe Bartolomeo Osella, l’Aquila (Italy) Holobus araucanus Pace, 2000 ...... 18 Stewart B. Peck, Ottawa (Canada) DIESTOTINI ...... 18 Fidel Alejandro Roig Mendoza (Argentine) Ophioglossa araucana Fauvel, 1866 ...... 18 Jose Maria Salgado Costas, Leon (Spain) Ophioglossa nanula Pace, 1999 ...... 18 Mauro Tretiach, Trieste (Italy) Ophioglossa andina Pace, 1987 ...... 19 Dante Vailati, Brescia (Italy) Ophioglossa franzi Pace, 1987 ...... 19 Plesiomalota merula (Fauvel, 1866) ...... 19 Editor-in-chief: Pier Mauro Giachino Plesiomalota fasciatipennis (Fairmaire & Germain, 1861) ...... 20 Managing Editor: Gianfranco Caoduro Plesiomalota cinctella (Fauvel, 1866) ...... 20 Make up and cover graphic: Giulia Vailati Plesiomalota zanettii n. sp...... 20 BOLITOCHARINI ...... 21 Front cover: Ecuador, the volcan Ruminahui viewed from the Cotopaxi National Park, 3850 m Leptusa (Nanoglossa) parallela (Fairmaire & Germain, 1861) ...... 21 (photo by G. Caoduro) and Plesiomalota cotopaxiensis (photo by L. Toledano). Leptusa (Nanoglossa) nahuelbutana (Coiffait & Saiz, 1967) ...... 22 Leptusa (Nanoglossa) cautinensis Pace, 2001 ...... 22 Back cover: Ecuador, Camino de Papallacta, Montaña, m 4000 (photo by G. Caoduro). Leptusa (Nanoglossa) magellanica Pace, 1989 ...... 22 Prosoponotha zanettii n. sp...... 22 The works included in this volume may be cited as: ATHETINI ...... 23 Pace R., 2015. Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Chilean and Magellanean sub-regions: Gnypeta fissicollis(Fairmaire & Germain, 1861) ...... 23 new data, new genus and new species (Coleoptera Staphylinidae). Memoirs on Biodiversity, Gnypeta aerea Pace, 2000 ...... 23 WBA Project, Verona, 3: 15-38. Heterostiba alutiventris Pace, 1999 ...... 23 Pace R., 2015. Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Andean and Brazilian sub-regions: Atheta (Microdota) osornensis Pace, 1999 ...... 23 new data, new genera and new species (Coleoptera Staphylinidae). Memoirs on Biodiversity, Atheta (Microdota) zanettiana n. sp...... 23 WBA Project, Verona, 3: 39-173. Atheta (Datomicra) obscuripennis (Solier, 1849) ...... 24 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) obscura (Solier, 1849) ...... 24 Responsible Director: Simone Bellini - Authorization n. 116753 08/06/2006 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) lonquimayensis Pace, 1999 ...... 24 All rights reserved. Reproduction prohibited without permission of the copyright owner. Lamprostiba schwabei (Bernhauer, 1939) ...... 24

3 THAMIARAEINI ...... 25 Taxonomy ...... 43 Leptoglossula sculpticollis (Fauvel, 1866) ...... 25 DEINOPSINI ...... 43 Leptoglossula biimpressa (Solier, 1849) ...... 25 Adinopsis myllaenoides (Kraatz, 1857) ...... 43 Leptoglossula mixta Pace, 1999 ...... 26 OLIGOTINI ...... 43 Leptoglossula dentata Pace, 2000 ...... 26 Oligota argentinlutea n. sp...... 43 OXYPODINI ...... 26 Holobus peruvianus n. sp...... 44 Gastrorhopalus aisen Pace, 1987 ...... 26 HYGRONOMINI ...... 44 Gastrorhopalus elegans Solier, 1849 ...... 26 Eymekesina n. gen...... 44 Blepharhymenus submetallicus (Fairmaire & Germain, 1861) ...... 26 Eymekesina peruviana n. sp...... 45 Blepharhymenus osornensis Pace, 1987 ...... 26 PRONOMAEINI ...... 45 Tomocoryphusa zanettii n. sp...... 27 Myllaena cangahuensis n. sp...... 45 Tomocoryphusa osornensis n. sp...... 27 Myllaena napoensis n. sp...... 46 Chiloestiba n. gen...... 28 Myllaena cangahuaptera n. sp...... 46 Chiloestiba zanettii n. sp...... 28 Amazonopora brooksi Ahn & Ashe, 1999 ...... 47 Spanioda spectrum (Fauvel, 1866) ...... 29 Perupora n. gen...... 47 Spanioda biumbonata Pace, 1999 ...... 29 Perupora huanucensis n. sp...... 47 Spanioda pseudospectrum Pace, 1999 ...... 30 GYROPHAENINI ...... 48 Spanioda conifera Pace, 2000 ...... 30 Gyrophaena osellai Pace, 2008 ...... 48 Spanioda sp...... 30 Gyrophaena baloghi Pace, 1990 ...... 48 Anocalea newtoni Pace, 1999 ...... 31 Gyrophaena peruflexaPace, 2008 ...... 48 Poikilnotha valdiviana Pace, 2000 ...... 31 Gyrophaena cornelli Pace, 2008 ...... 48 Polylobus bicolor (Solier, 1849) ...... 31 Gyrophaena loretensis Pace, 2008 ...... 49 Polylobus varius Fauvel, 1866 ...... 31 Gyrophaena westerduijni Pace, 2008 ...... 49 Polylobus marginalis Fauvel, 1866 ...... 31 Gyrophaena bigranulata Pace, 2008 ...... 49 Polylobus luctuosus Fauvel, 1866 ...... 31 Gyrophaena peruviana Pace, 2008 ...... 49 Polylobus thaxteri Fenyes, 1921 ...... 31 Gyrophaena vecta Pace, 1990 ...... 49 Polylobus linarensis Pace, 1987 ...... 32 Gyrophaena guadalupensis Pace, 1987 ...... 50 Polylobus variisimilis Scheerpeltz, 1972 ...... 32 Gyrophaena amazonicola n. sp...... 50 Polylobus aysensis Pace, 1999 ...... 32 Gyrophaena amplitudinis n. sp...... 50 Polylobus aemulus Pace, 2000 ...... 32 Gyrophaena spinoperuviana n. sp...... 51 Polylobus zanettii n. sp...... 32 Gyrophaena boliviensis n. sp...... 51 Dasymera cordilierae (Fauvel, 1866) ...... 33 Gyrophaena tabernae n. sp...... 52 Dasymera chillana Fauvel, 1866 ...... 33 Gyrophaena amazonica n. sp...... 52 Xenomma simpsoniensis Pace, 1987 ...... 33 Gyrophaena perupusilla n. sp...... 53 Oxypoda andigena (Scheerpeltz, 1972) ...... 33 Gyrophaena holobina n. sp...... 53 Acknowledgements ...... 34 Gyrophaena maldonata n. sp...... 54 References ...... 34 Gyrophaena peruvianorum n. sp...... 54 Gyrophaena materdei n. sp...... 55 Gyrophaena lilliput n. sp...... 55 Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Andean and Brazilian sub-regions: Brachida cotopaxiensis n. sp...... 56 new data, new genera and new species ...... 39 Brachida insularis n. sp...... 56 Brachida perudivisa n. sp...... 56 Abstract ...... 39 Brachida giraffa n. sp...... 57 Resumen ...... 40 Brachida patrinsulae n. sp...... 57 Introduction ...... 41 Brachida conispiralata n. sp...... 58 Material and methods ...... 42 PAGLINI ...... 58 Acronyms and abbreviations ...... 43 Paglhoplasymma n. gen...... 58

4 5 Paglhoplasymma heliconiae n. sp...... 59 ATHETINI ...... 76 PLACUSINI ...... 59 Gnypeta fissicollis (Fairmaire & Germain, 1861) ...... 76 Placusa westerduijni Pace, 2008 ...... 59 Gnypeta adunca n. sp...... 76 Placusa peruacuminata n. sp...... 59 Gnypeta luteicollis n. sp...... 76 Placusa spirae n. sp...... 60 Gnypeta chacoensis n. sp...... 77 HOMALOTINI ...... 60 Gnypeta boliviana n. sp...... 77 Euvira ecuadorensis n. sp...... 60 Gnypeta palae n. sp...... 78 Euvira pittierensis n. sp...... 61 Aloconota ecualticola n. sp...... 78 Euvira huanucoensis n. sp...... 61 Aloconota peruviana n. sp...... 78 Euvira materdei n. sp...... 61 Parapycnota otongensis Pace, 2008 ...... 79 DIESTOTINI ...... 62 Peruusa antegilva Pace, 2008 ...... 79 Parasilusa rossii Pace, 2008 ...... 62 Peruusa peruviana Pace, 2008 ...... 79 Diestota ecuadorensis Pace, 1996 ...... 62 Peruusa fungicola n. sp...... 79 Diestota (Apheloglossa) nigroinsulana n. sp...... 62 Peruusa materdei n. sp...... 80 Diestota (Apheloglossa) manausensis n. sp...... 63 Peruusa amazonica n. sp...... 80 Plesiomalota cotopaxiensis Pace, 1996 ...... 63 Kaloxypoda ecuadorensis Pace, 2008 ...... 81 Plesiomalota roedingeri (Bernhauer, 1941) ...... 64 Heterostiba rossii Pace, 2008 ...... 81 Plesiomalota bilobifera Pace, 1996 ...... 64 Schistoglossa aymaraorum Pace, 1986 ...... 81 Plesiomalota imbaburensis Pace, 2001 ...... 64 Kephamekynella n. gen...... 81 Plesiomalota moreti Pace, 2001 ...... 64 Kephamekynella peruviana n. sp...... 82 Plesiomalota bulbosa Pace, 2008 ...... 64 Parapycnota otongensis Pace, 2008 ...... 82 Plesiomalota cangahuaptera n. sp...... 65 Atheta (Xestota) andesplendens Pace, 2008 ...... 83 Plesiomalota cayambensis n. sp...... 65 Atheta (Acrotona) neasuspiciosa Pace, 2008 ...... 83 Plesiomalota osellai n. sp...... 66 Atheta (Acrotona) parcior Bernhauer, 1927 ...... 83 Plesiomalota prolata n. sp...... 66 Atheta (Acrotona) aequatorensis Pace, 1996 ...... 83 Plesiomalota hospitii n. sp...... 67 Atheta (Acrotona) elvira Pace, 1996 ...... 84 Plesiomalota manausina n. sp...... 67 Atheta (Acrotona) loreticola Pace, 2008 ...... 84 Plesiomalota microperuviana n. sp...... 68 Atheta (Acrotona) ecuscabra n. sp...... 84 Plesiomalota pseudomerula n. sp...... 68 Atheta (Acrotona) huanucoensis n. sp...... 85 Plesiomalota cerroblancoensis n. sp...... 69 Atheta (Microdota) amicula (Stephens, 1832) ...... 85 Plesiomalota ecupallida n. sp...... 69 Atheta (Microdota) ecuterricola n. sp...... 85 Plesiomalota rufa n. sp...... 70 Atheta (Microdota) fodinarum n. sp...... 86 Plesiomalota materdei n. sp...... 70 Atheta (Microdota) microparamicola n. sp...... 86 Eudera osellai n. sp...... 71 Atheta (Microdota) ecuvolans n. sp...... 87 Eudera superba n. sp...... 71 Atheta (Microdota) tapiai n. sp...... 87 Gansia ecuadorensis Pace, 1996 ...... 72 Atheta (Microdota) paolettii n. sp...... 88 Gansiella peruviana Pace, 2008 ...... 72 Atheta (Microdota) onorei n. sp...... 88 BOLITOCHARINI ...... 72 Atheta (Kladobrachydotina) shyria Pace, 1996 ...... 89 Meoticaphaena n. gen...... 72 Atheta (Kladobrachydotina) ecucotopaxiensis n. sp...... 89 Meoticaphaena cordobensis (Bernhauer, 1934) n. comb...... 73 Atheta (Kladobrachydotina) osellaiana n. sp...... 89 FALAGRIINI ...... 73 Atheta (Kladobrachydotina) rioblancoensis n. sp...... 90 Falagria (Lissagria) uniformis Pace, 1996 ...... 73 Atheta (Kladobrachydotina) ecupauper n. sp...... 90 Falagria (Leptagria) ecucephalica n. sp...... 73 Atheta (Datomicra) conformis (Erichson, 1840) ...... 91 Falagria (Leptagria) osellai n. sp...... 74 Atheta (Datomicra) cotopaxiensis Pace, 1996 ...... 91 Aleodorus ecuadorensis n. sp...... 74 Atheta (Datomicra) trogloxena Pace, 1984 ...... 91 Aleodorus osellai n. sp...... 75 Atheta (Datomicra) alternata (Erichson, 1840) ...... 92 Meronera albicincta (Erichson, 1840) ...... 75 Atheta (Datomicra) cangahuaptera n. sp...... 92

6 7 Atheta (Datomicra) patrinsulae n. sp...... 92 Apalonia huanucensis n. sp...... 110 Atheta (Datomicra) materdei n. sp...... 93 Apalonia peruviana n. sp...... 110 Atheta (Datomicra) arndti n. sp...... 93 Apalonia materdei n. sp...... 111 Atheta (Datomicra) paraguayiensis n. sp...... 94 Apalonia iquitensis n. sp...... 111 Atheta (Datomicra) amazoncaliginosa n. sp...... 94 Apalonia major n. sp...... 112 Atheta (Dimetrota) cangahuensis n. sp...... 95 Apalonia gracilis n. sp...... 112 Atheta (Dimetrota) paratristicollis n. nov...... 95 Apalonia asymmetrica n. sp...... 113 Atheta (Dimetrota) atacazensis n. sp...... 95 Apalonia nigrofalcifera n. sp...... 113 Atheta (Dimetrota) bavierai n. sp...... 96 Apalonia misionensis n. sp...... 113 Atheta (Dimetrota) ecuparallela n. sp...... 96 Apalonia insolita n. sp...... 114 Atheta (Dimetrota) patercaliginosa n. sp...... 97 Apalonia bolivicula n. sp...... 114 Atheta (Dimetrota) sanctaecrucis n. sp...... 98 Apalonia apicalis n. sp...... 115 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) quillabambana Pace, 1986 ...... 98 Tetradonia misionensis n. sp...... 115 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) cayambensis Pace, 2008 ...... 98 Macrogerodonia alularum n. sp...... 116 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) lindensis Pace, 2008 ...... 99 Macrogerodonia peruspina n. sp...... 116 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) cerroblancoensis Pace, 2008 ...... 99 Macrogerodonia amambayiensis n. sp...... 117 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) ecucastaneipennis Pace, 2008 ...... 99 THAMIARAEINI ...... 117 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) atacamensis Pace, 1999 ...... 99 Platyola hospes Pace, 1990 ...... 117 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) pilae Pace, 2008 ...... 99 Platyola peruviana n. sp...... 118 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) altocotopaxicola Pace, 2008 ...... 99 OXYPODINI ...... 118 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) ecuterminalis Pace, 2008 ...... 100 Meotica peruviana n. sp...... 118 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) cangahuicola n. sp...... 100 Meoticaops ecuadorensis n. sp...... 118 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) ecugigantea n. sp...... 101 Meoticaops peruviana n. sp...... 119 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) saltusvirginis n. sp...... 101 Meoticaops sanctaecrucis n. sp...... 119 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) osellai n. sp...... 101 Cornellusa n. gen...... 120 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) pedegralensis n. sp...... 102 Cornellusa peruviana n. sp...... 120 Atheta (Pseudobessobia) manausensis n. sp...... 102 Diacanthochara Pace, 1983 ...... 121 Leptonia ecuadorica n. sp...... 103 Haplochara Pace, 1985: 388, n. syn...... 121 Leptonia cornelli n. sp...... 103 Diacanthochara franzi (Pace, 1985), n. comb...... 121 Dinusella peruviana n. sp...... 104 Diacanthochara lloensis (Pace, 2008), n. comb...... 121 Onoreusa n. gen...... 104 Diacanthochara rougemonti (Pace, 2008), n. comb...... 121 Onoreusa ecuadorensis n. sp...... 105 Diacanthochara otongicola (Pace, 2008), n. comb...... 121 ECITOCHARINI ...... 105 Diacanthochara venezuelensis (Pace, 2009), n. comb...... 121 Ecitomorpha arachnoides Wasmann, 1889 ...... 105 Diacanthochara osellai n. sp...... 121 LOMECHUSINI ...... 106 Idiostiba onorei n. sp...... 122 Orphnebius loretensis Pace, 2008 ...... 106 Idiostiba cotopaxicola n. sp...... 122 Orphnebius cotopaxiensis n. sp...... 106 Idiostiba napoensis n. sp...... 123 Orphnebius palliolatus n. sp...... 106 Idiostiba cotopaxiensis n. sp...... 123 Orphnebius opacilucidicollis n. sp...... 107 Pseudomyllaena pichinchaensis Pace, 2008 ...... 123 Orphnebius ruralis n. sp...... 107 Akanthinoknemusa n. gen...... 124 Schizorphnebius n. gen...... 108 Akanthinoknemusa cerroblancoicola n. sp...... 124 Schizorphnebius osellai n. sp...... 108 HOPLANDRIINI ...... 125 Apalosellia n. gen...... 109 Tinotus klimaszewskii Pace, 2008 ...... 125 Apalosellia cotopaxiensis n. sp...... 109 Rondonusa n. gen...... 125 Apalonia pampeana Pace, 1997 ...... 110 Rondonusa braziliana n. sp...... 126 Apalonia minor Pace, 2008 ...... 110 Hoplandria materdei n. sp...... 126 Apalonia fuscofemoralis Pace, 1997 ...... 110 Hoplandria truncapicalis n. sp...... 126

8 9 Hoplandria boliviensis n. sp...... 127 Hoplandria dentata n. sp...... 127 Paraplandria insularis n. sp...... 128 Platandria loretensis Pace, 2008 ...... 128 Platandria divergens n. sp...... 129 Mesoplandria loreticola Pace, 2008 ...... 129 Taplandria n. gen...... 129 FOREWORDS Taplandria flava n. sp...... 130 Taplandria micropluvialis n. sp...... 130 ALEOCHARINI ...... 130 It is with sincere admiration and great satisfaction that, as president of the World Biodiversity Aleochara (Xenochara) ecuadorensis Pace, 2008 ...... 130 Association, I am going to present this third volume of the WBA series “Memoirs on Biodiversity”, Aknowledgements ...... 131 composed by two important contributions of our colleague Roberto Pace, celebrated entomologist of References ...... 131 great and intense productivity. The two works by Pace are both a great contribution to the knowledge of a group of beetles, the Staphylinidae Aleocharinae, collected in two areas of South America very interesting from a biogeographic point of view, namely the Chilean, Magellanean, Andean and Brazilian sub-regions. Suffice to say that in this volume 13 new genera and 149 new species are accurately described, not counting the new nomenclatural combinations, to emphasize its absolute scientific relevance. However, to be a little more specific, remembering that Aleocharinae are mainly predators commonly found in soils and litters, we must emphasize that the study of the soil macroinvertebrates is increasingly fundamental not only for natural sciences but also in agriculture. In fact, the study of soil fertility is turning to dealing with its biotic components and the certification Biodiversity Friend, developed by the World Biodiversity Association, has in the study of soil macroinvertebrates one of its most distinctive features. This accurate and extended deep examination of tribes, genera and species, is therefore not just an abstract taxonomic exercise, but it plays a key role in uncovering the high biodiversity expressed by the soils of our planet in all environments. Only in consequence of this knowledge the consciousness arises that soils are not only of biological origin, as taught us C. R. Darwin, but are themselves alive, complex and therefore fragile. So, we thank Roberto Pace of his great commitment and congratulate him on the results of his work. We also hope that such works as this spur new recruits into taxonomic studies, with the consciousness that only a great knowledge of biodiversity can reveal the deepest mechanisms of ecosystems and implement more effective strategies for nature conservation. Only if mankind can guarantee the conservation of biodiversity we can hope to continue to thrive on this amazing planet.

Paolo Fontana President of the World Biodiversity Association

10 11 Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Chilean and Magellanean sub-regions

Roberto PACE

Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Chilean and Magellanean sub-regions: new data, new genus and new species (Coleoptera Staphylinidae)*

Abstract

The Aleocharinae studied here were collected by Dr. Mauro Daccordi, Verona (Italy), and Tomás Cekalović, Conception (Chile). 7 tribes were found: Paglini, Hypocyphtini, Diestotini, Bolitocharini, Athetini, Thamiaraeini, Oxypodini. 59 species are listed, of which 8 are described as new species. The genus Chiloestiba of the tribe Oxypodini, related to the genus Spanioda, is described as new. The new species are: Plesiomalota zanettii, Prosoponotha zanettii, Atheta zanettiana, Tomocoryphusa zanettii, Tomocoryphusa osornensis, Chiloestiba zanettii, Polylobus zanettii. The photographs of the habitus, the drawings of aedeagus, spermatheca, and other useful diagnostic characters are provided. The aedeagus or the spermatheca of 4 known species is illustrated for the first time.

Key words: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Chile, taxonomy, new records, new genus, new species.

Resumen

Los Aleocharinae estudiados en este trabajo fueron recogidos por el Dr. Mauro Daccordi, Verona, y de un coleccionista privado. 7 tribus han sido encontradas: Paglini, Hypocyphtini, Diestotini, Bolitocharini, Athetini, Thamiaraeini, Oxypodini. 59 especies son enumeradas, de cuyo 8 es nuevas especies. El género Chiloestiba de la tribu Oxypodini, vecina al género Spanioda, es descrito cómo nuevo. Las nuevas especies son: Plesiomalota zanettii, Prosoponotha zanettii, Atheta zanettiana, Tomocoryphusa zanettii, Tomocoryphusa osornensis, Chiloestiba zanettii, Polylobus zanettii. Fotografias de habitus, grâficos de aedeagus y espermathecas, asi como otros importantes caractères diagnósticos son proporcionados. El aedeagus o la espermatheca de 4 especies conocidas es ilustrado por la primera vez.

Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Chile, taxonomia, nuevos datos, nuevo género, nuevas especies.

* 269th Contribution to the knowledge of Aleocharinae.

15 Roberto Pace Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Chilean and Magellanean sub-regions

INTRODUCTION ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

The subfamily Aleocharinae, which occurs in all zoogeographic regions, includes a great number of Acronyms for Museum and private collection abbreviations are used as follows: species. They live in all environments frequented by Staphylinidae, most of them are found in forest areas. Following the publication of a large contribution to the knowledge of Aleocharinae from Chile FMNHC: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (Pace, 2009) based on material gathered by Dr. A.F. Newton of the Field Museum of Natural History, IRSNB: Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles Chicago, Prof. Herbert Franz, Wien, Dr. Mauro Daccordi, Verona, further new material from Chile is MNHU: Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin studied and described in the present paper. The study of the Aleocharinae from Chile has been possible (CDA): Daccordi collection, Verona after the examination of the entire or partial Chilean typical series of the species described by Erichson, Solier, Fairmaire & Germain, Fauvel, Schubert and Bernhauer. The examination of these typical series The following acronyms are used for the type material: from Chile has been accompanied by the study of the species collected in Patagonia described by HT: Holotype Scheerpeltz, and in Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil described by Bernhauer. PT(T): Paratype (s)

MATERIAL AND METHODS TAXONOMY

The specimens of the present paper have been collected in Chile by private collectors, mostly by Tomás Cekálovic, (material now in FMNHC) and Dr. Mauro Daccordi, a well known entomologist and researcher of Verona. PAGLINI Distribution. Till now known only from Chile The taxonomic study of the Aleocharinae involves difficulties that are best resolved through examina- (Santiago). tion of the characters of the aedeagus and spermatheca for the identification of the species, and of the Pagla pictipennis (Fauvel, 1866) shape of the ligula and maxillae, mostly to define genera. Both male and female specimens were dissected and the genital and oral structures mounted in Canada balsam (on small transparent plastic cards Euryglossa pictipennis Fauvel, 1866: 328 Pagla chilensis (Kraatz, 1859) beneath the specimen). The genital and oral structures were studied using a compound microscope and Pachyglossa pictipennis: Fauvel, 1866: 328 drawn by means of eyepiece reticule. The habitus of the new species were photographed by me using Pagla pictipennis: Pace, 1987: 515; Pace, 1999: 120 Oxypoda chilensis Kraatz, 1859: 15 a digital Canon Power Shot A610, 5.0 mega pixel camera. All the figures are drawings made by the Pagla chilensis: Pace, 1987: 518; Pace, 2000: 359 author were modified and arranged in plates using Adobe Photoshop software. 5 ♀♀, Chile, pr. Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, Loncomille, The species here described are clearly recognizable from the sketches of habitus, aedeagus and sper- 7.II.1988, leg. Cekalovic; 5 ♀♀, Chile, pr. 4 specimens, Chile, pr. Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, matheca. In the case of the subfamily Aleocharinae, a long detailed description does not always allow Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, Loncomille, 7.II.1988, Loncomille, 7.II.1988, leg. Cekalovic (FMNHC). accurate identification of species. Illustrations of the aedeagus and/or of the spermatheca, together with leg. Cekalovic; 11 specimens, Chile, pr. the habitus, are needed, in addition to the description, to identify specimens, as confirmed by many Llanquihue, Abtao, 7.II.1988, leg. Cekalovic; Distribution. Santiago and Chillan. New for colleagues. For this reason the descriptions are concise and limited; graphically ambiguous characters 7 specimens, Chile, pr. Llanquihue, Puneta Chiloé which cannot be illustrated, such as reticulation and granulation, are described briefly. Details such as Murror, 4II.1988, leg. Cekalovic; 5 specimens, the pronotum distinctly transverse and broader than the head are omitted from the description if this is Chile, pr. Llanquihue,, 28 km sur Puente Montt, obvious from the photograph of the habitus. 4.II.1988, leg. Cekalovic; 1 specimen, Chile, Pagla anthracina (Fairmaire & Germain, The holotypes of the new species and all other specimens are deposited in the collection of the Field pr. Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, San Pedro, 5.II.1988, 1861) Museum of Natural History, Chicago (from Zanetti collection, Verona, Italy) and in Daccordi collec- ex Neinmannia trichosperma, leg. Cekalovic: tion (Verona, Italy). 35 specimens, Chile, pr. Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, Hoplandria anthracina Fairmaire & Germain, 1861: Mocopulli, 7.II.1988, leg. Cekalovic (FMNHC). 416

16 17 Roberto Pace Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Chilean and Magellanean sub-regions

Euryglossa anthracina: Fauvel, 1866: 327 DIESTOTINI 29.III.1986, leg. Cekalovic; 3 specimens, Rio Huachitivo, 24.I.1988, leg. Cekalovic; 1 ♀, Pagla anthracina: Pace, 1987: 515; Pace, 2000: 359 Chile, pr. Conceptión, Penco, 25.III.1984, leg. Chile, pr. Conceptión, Camino a Santa Juana, Ophioglossa araucana Fauvel, 1866 Cekalovic; 2 specimens, Chile, pr. Conceptión, 31.III.1984, leg. Cekalovic; 2 specimens, Chile, 4 ♂♂ and 1 ♀, Chile, pr. Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, Penco, 12.XII.1982, leg. Cekalovic; 2 specimens, pr. Conceptión, El Manzano, Rio Bio Bio, Mocopulli, 7.II.1988, leg. Cekalovic (FMNHC). Ophioglossa araucana Fauvel, 1866: 260; Pace, Chile, pr. Conceptión, Penco, 29.XI.1987, leg. 3.I.1988, leg. Cekalovic; 2 specimens, Chile, pr. 1987: 461; Pace, 1999: 122; Pace, 2000: 360 Cekalovic; 4 specimens, Chile, pr. Conceptión, Cautin, 15 km E Cherquenco, 10.II.1988, leg. Note. Unpublished aedeagus, figs. 9-10. Colocura, 30.I.1985, leg. Cekalovic; 5 specimens, Cekalovic (FMNHC). 5 ♀♀, Chile, X Reg., Parque Nac. Puhehue, sect. Chile, pr. Conceptión, Collico, 8 km S Florida, Distribution. Chiloé, Llanquihue and Chillan. Rio Anticura, verso Antillaca, 15.XII.2010, leg. 12.III.1979, leg. Cekalovic; 4 specimens, Chile, Distribution. Quillota, Cautin, Valdivia, Osorno, Mauro Daccordi; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, Chile, X Reg., pr. Conceptión, Lota, 26.I.1985, leg. Cekalovic; Llanquihue, Palena. New for Conceptión. Parque Nac. Chiloé, sector Abtao, near Rio 1 ♂, Chile, pr. Chiloé, Pinquina, 20.II.1986, leg. Cipresal, 21.XII.2010, leg. Mauro Daccordi; 1 Cekalovic; 4 specimens, Chile, pr. Conceptión, HYPOCYPHTINI ♂, Chile, XII Reg., Tierra del Fuego, Ecolodge, Escuadron, 10.IV.1988, leg. Cekalovic; 34 Ophioglossa franzi Pace, 1987 12 km N di Pto. Arturo, 10.I.2011, leg. Mauro specimens, Chile, pr. Osorno, Puente Pescadero, Oligota valdiviana Pace, 2000 Daccordi; 4 specimens, Chile, X Reg. Maullin 17.I.1988; 5 specimens, Chile, pr. Conceptión, Ophioglossa franzi Pace, 1987: 472; Pace, 1999: dint., verso Cordillera de la Costa, 26.XII.2010, Estero Nonguen, 2.IV.1983, leg. Cekalovic; 122; Pace, 2000: 361 Oligota (Oligota) valdiviana Pace, 2000: 407 leg. Mauro Daccordi; 9 specimens, Chile, pr. 1 specimen, Chile, pr. Conceptión, Camino Conceptión, Colocura, 30.I.1985, leg. Cekalovic; a Ramuntcho, 5.VI.1988, leg. Cekalovic; 30 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, Chile, X Reg., Parque Nac. Puhehue, 1 ♂, Chile, pr. Conceptión, Las Escaleras, 4 specimens, Chile, pr. Chiloé, Piruquina, specimens, Chile, pr. Conceptión, Parque sct. Rio Anticura, verso Antillaca, 15.XII.2010, 25.I.1985, leg. Cekalovic; 6 specimens, Chile, pr. 20.II.1986, leg. Cekalovic; 3 specimens, Chile, Hualpen, 2.IV.1988, ex Peumus boldus, leg. leg. Mauro Daccordi; 38 specimens, Chile, Conceptión, Parque Hualpen, 29.III.1986, leg. pr. Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, Canan, 22.II.1986, leg. Cekalovic; 2 specimens, Chile, pr. Conceptión, pr. Cautin, Rio Huachituo, 24.II.1980, leg. Cekalovic; 2 specimens, Chile, pr. Conceptión, Cekalovic; 12 specimens, Chile, pr. Chiloé, Procoto, 15.VII.1986, leg. Cekalovic; 3 Cekalovic; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, Chile, pr. Cautin, Molco Lota, 26.I.1985, leg. Cekalovic (FMNHC). Isla Chiloé, Cruce Camino a San Pedro, specimens, Chile, pr. Conceptión, Cruce cam. Alto, ex Notophagus, 18.II.1986, leg. Cekalovic 26.II.1977, leg. Cekalovic; 3 specimens, Chile, Ramuntcho, 25.I.1985, leg. Cekalovic; 11 (FMNHC). Note. Unpublished spermatheca, fig. 12. pr. Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, Piruquina, 12.II.1983, specimens, Chile, pr. Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, 10 km leg. Cekalovic; 19 specimens, Chile, pr. Chiloé, N Castro, 7.II.1988, leg. Cekalovic (FMNHC). Distribution. Malleco, Nuble, Valdivia. New for Distribution. Valdivia and Nuble. New for Isla Quinchao, Huillar Alto, 6.II.1988, leg. Cautin and Puhehue. Conceptión. Cekalovic; 1 specimen, Chile, pr. Cautin, 15 km Distribution. Conceptión, Quillota. New for E Cherquenco, 10.II.1988, leg. Cekalovic; 51 Chiloé. specimens, Chile, pr. Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, 10 km Plesiomalota merula (Fauvel, 1866) Holobus araucanus Pace, 2000 N Castro, 5.II.1988, leg. Cekalovic (FMNHC). Ophioglossa andina Pace, 1987 Homalota merula Fauvel, 1866: 319 Oligota (Holobus) araucana Pace, 2000: 405 Distribution. The whole Chile, except to the Plesiomalota (Plesiomalota) merula: Pace, 1986: North and the extreme South. Ophioglossa andina Pace, 1987: 473; Pace, 2000: 425; Pace, 2000: 363 1 ♂, Chile, pr. Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, 10 km N 362 Castro, 5.II.1988, leg. Cekalovic (FMNHC). 1 ♀, Chile, pr. Conceptión, Colocura, 3.I.1985, Ophioglossa nanula Pace, 1999 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, Chile, pr. Cautin, Villarica (Molco), leg. Cekalovic; 3 specimens, Chile, pr. Nuble, Distribution. Cautin, Quillota, Talca, Nuble, 3.II.1986, leg. Cekalovic; 1 specimen, Chile, pr. Los Lleuques, 25.I.1985, leg. Cekalovic; 1 Conceptión. New for Chiloé. Ophioglossa nanula Pace, 1999: 142; Pace, 2000: Conceptión, 8 km SE Copiulemu, Pardero el specimen, Chile, pr. Conceptión, Las Escaleras, 362 Horno, 10.I.1989, leg. Cekalovic; 1 specimen, 25.I.1985, leg. Cekalovic; 8 specimens, Chile, pr. Chile, pr. Conceptión, El Manzano, 13.I.1985, leg. Chiloé, Isla Chiloé, 10 km N Castro, 5.II.1988, 2 ♂♂, Chile, pr. Conceptión, Parque Hualpen, Cekalovic; 1 specimen, Chile, pr. Cautin, Moleo, leg. Cekalovic (FMNHC).

18 19 Roberto Pace Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Chilean and Magellanean sub-regions

Figs. 1-8. Habitus. 1: Plesiomalota zanettii n. sp.; 2: Prosoponotha zanettii n. sp.; 3: Atheta (Microdota) zanettii n. sp.; 4: Figs. 9-22. Aedeagus in lateral and ventral views and spermatheca. 9-10: Pagla anthracina (Fairmaire & Germain); 11: Tomocoryphusa zanettii n. sp.; 5: Tomocoryphusa osornensis n. sp.; 6: Chiloestiba zanettii n. gen., n. sp.; 7: Spanioda sp.; Pagla pictipennis (Fauvel); 12: Oligota valdiviana Pace; 13-14: Plesiomalota zanettii n. sp.; 15-16: Leptusa (Nanoglossa) Polylobus zanettii n. sp. Scale bars: Fig. 1: 1.9 mm; Fig. 2: 1.9 mm; Fig. 3: 2.1 mm; Fig. 4: 3.3 mm; Fig. 5: 2.2 mm; Fig. 6: magellanica Pace; 17: Prosoponotha zanettii n. sp.; 18-19: Atheta (Microdota) zanettii n. sp.; 20-21: Tomocoryphusa za- 2.1 mm; Fig. 7: 3.6 mm; Fig. 8: 3.0 mm. nettii n. sp.; 22: Tomocoryphusa osornensis n. sp. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

36 37 Roberto Pace Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Andean and Brazilian sub-regions

Roberto PACE

Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Andean and Brazilian sub-regions: new data, new genus and new species (Coleoptera Staphylinidae)*

Abstract

The Aleocharinae studied here were collected during the Italian expedition “Otonga 2008” organized by the World Biodiversity Association with the goal to study the biodiversity of different regions of Ecuador. Other material have been collected by other entomologists in Perù, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. 18 tribes were found (Deinopsini, Oligotini, Hygronomini, Pronomaeini, Gyrophaenini, Paglini, Placusini, Diestotini, Homalotini, Bolitocharini, Falagriini, Athetini, Ecitocharini, Lomechusini, Thamiaraeini, Oxypodini, Hoplandriini, Aleocharini) and the following taxa are here described; 12 new genera: Eymekesina, Perupora, Paglhoplasymma, Meoticaphaena, Kephamekynella, Onoreusa, Schizorphnebius, Apalosellia, Cornellusa, Akanthinoknemusa, Rondonusa, Taplandria, and 141 new species: Oligota argentinlutea, Holobus peruvianus, Eymekesina peruviana, Myllaena cangahuensis, Myllaena napoensis, Myllaena cangahuaptera, Perupora huanucensis, Gyrophaena amazonicola, Gyrophaena amplitudinis, Gyrophaena spinoperuviana, Gyrophaena boliviensis, Gyrophaena tabernae, Gyrophaena amazonica, Gyrophaena perupusilla, Gyrophaena holobina, Gyrophaena maldonata, Gyrophaena peruvianorum, Gyrophaena materdei, Gyrophaena lilliput, Brachida cotopaxiensis, Brachida insularis, Brachida perudivisa, Brachida giraffa, Brachida parinsulae, Brachida conispiralata, Paglhoplasymma heliconiae, Placusa peruacuminata, Placusa spiae, Euvira ecuadorensis, Euvira pittierensis, Euvira huanucoensis, Euvira materdei, Diestota igroinsulana, Diestota manausensis, Plesiomalota cangahuaptera, Plesiomalota cayambensis, Plesiomalota osellai, Plesiomalota prolata, Plesiomalota hospitii, Plesiomalota anausina, Plesiomalota microperuviana, Plesiomalota pseudomerula, Plesiomalota cerroblancoensis, Plesiomalota ecupallida, Plesiomalota rufa, Plesiomalota materdei, Eudera osellai, Eudera superba, Falagria ecucephalica, Falagria osellai, Aleodorus ecuadorensis, Aleodorus sellai, Gnypeta adunca, Gnypeta luteicollis, Gnypeta chacoensis, Gnypeta boliviana, Gnypeta palae, Aloconota ecualticola, Aloconota peruviana, Peruusa fungicola, Peruusa materdei, Peruusa amazonica, Kephamekynella peruviana, Atheta ecuscabra, Atheta huanucoensis, Atheta ecuterricola, Atheta fodinarum, Atheta microparamicola, Atheta ecuvolans, Atheta tapiai, Atheta paolettii, Atheta onorei, Atheta ecucotopaxiensis, Atheta osellaiana, Atheta rioblancoensis, Atheta ecupauper, Atheta cangahuaptera, Atheta patrinsulae, Atheta materdei, Atheta arndti, Atheta paraguayiensis, Atheta amazoncaliginosa, Atheta cangahuensis, Atheta atacazensis, Atheta bavierai, Atheta ecuparallela, Atheta patercaliginosa, Atheta sanctaecrucis, Atheta cangahuicola, Atheta ecugigantea, Atheta saltusvirginis, Atheta osellai, Atheta pedegralensis, Atheta manausensis, Leptonia ecuadorica, Leptonia cornelli, Dinusella peruviana, Onoreusa ecuadorensis, Orphnebius cotopaxiensis, Orphnebius palliolatus, Orphnebius opacilucidicollis, Orphnebius ruralis, Schizorphnebius osellai, Apalosellia cotopaxiensis, Apalonia uanucensis, Apalonia peruviana, Apalonia materdei, Apalonia iquitensis, Apalonia major, Apalonia racilis, Apalonia asymmetrica, Apalonia nigrofalcifera, Apalonia misionensis, Apalonia insolita, Apalonia bolivicula, Apalonia

Figs. 23-31. Spermatheca, labium with labial palpus, maxilla with maxillary palpus, mentum and aedeagus in lateral and ventral views. 23-26: Chiloestiba zanettii n. gen., n. sp.; 27: Spanioda sp.; 28-29: Polylobus variisimilis Scheerpeltz; 30- 31: Polylobus zanettii n. sp. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. * 270th Contribution to the knowledge of Aleocharinae.

38 39 Roberto Pace Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Andean and Brazilian sub-regions apicalis, Tetradonia misionensis, Macrogerodonia alularum, Macrogerodonia peruspina, Macrogerodonia ra, Apalonia misionensis, Apalonia insolita, Apalonia bolivicula, Apalonia apicalis, Tetradonia misionensis, amambayiensis, Platyola peruviana, Meotica peruviana, Meoticaops ecuadorensis, Meoticaops peruviana, Macrogerodonia alularum, Macrogerodonia peruspina, Macrogerodonia amambayiensis, Platyola peruviana, Meoticaops sanctaecrucis, Cornellusa peruviana, Diacanthochara osellai, Idiostiba onorei, Idiostiba cotopaxi- Meotica peruviana, Meoticaops ecuadorensis, Meoticaops peruviana, Meoticaops sanctaecrucis, Cornellusa cola, Idiostiba napoensis, Idiostiba cotopaxiensis, Akanthinoknemusa cerroblancoicola, Rondonusa braziliana, peruviana, Diacanthochara osellai, Idiostiba onorei, Idiostiba cotopaxicola, Idiostiba napoensis, Idiostiba co- Hoplandria materdei, Hoplandria truncapicalis, Hoplandria boliviensis, Hoplandria entata, Paraplandria in- topaxiensis, Akanthinoknemusa cerroblancoicola, Rondonusa braziliana, Hoplandria materdei, Hoplandria sularis, Platandria divergens, Taplandria flava, Taplandria micropluvialis. Moreover, 68 already known species truncapicalis, Hoplandria boliviensis, Hoplandria entata, Paraplandria insularis, Platandria divergens, are quoted and 17 of them are cited from new localities. Aedeagus or spermatheca before unknown for 16 species Taplandria flava, Taplandria micropluvialis. Además 68 especies ya conocidas son citadas, de éstas 17 son are here illustrated. Seven new combinations are proposed, i.e.: Meoticaphaena cordobensis (Bernhauer, 1934), fueron colectadas en nuevas localidades. Aedeagus o espermatheca, antes desconocidos para 16 especies son n. comb., from Meotica; Diacanthochara franzi (Pace, 1985), n. comb., from Haplochara; Diacanthochara aquí ilustrados. Se han propuesto 7 nuevas combinaciones: Meoticaphaena cordobensis (Bernhauer, 1934), n. lloensis (Pace, 2008), n. comb., from Haplochara; Diacanthochara rougemonti (Pace, 2008), n. comb., from comb., from Meotica; Diacanthochara franzi (Pace, 1985), n. comb., de Haplochara; Diacanthochara lloensis Lamprostiba; Diacanthochara otongicola (Pace, 2008), n. comb., from Haplochara, Diacanthochara venezue- (Pace, 2008), n. comb., de Haplochara; Diacanthochara rougemonti (Pace, 2008), n. comb., de Lamprostiba; lensis (Pace, 2009), n. comb., from Idiostiba; Apalonia tibialis (Pace, 1986) comb. n., from Orphnebius. Atheta Diacanthochara otongicola (Pace, 2008), n. comb., de Haplochara, Diacanthochara venezuelensis (Pace, paratristicollis is the n. nov. for Atheta tristicollis Scheerpeltz, 1972 (nec Atheta tristicollis Bernhauer, 1921). 2009), n. comb., de Idiostiba, Apalonia tibialis (Pace, 1986) comb. n., de Orphnebius, y una nuevas sinonimias: One new synonymy is proposed: Haplochara Pace, 1985, n. syn. of Diacanthochara Pace, 1983. Haplochara Pace, 1985, n. syn. de Diacanthochara Pace, 1983. Atheta paratristicollis es el n. nov. por Atheta The photographs of the habitus, the drawings of aedeagus, spermatheca, and other useful diagnostic char- tristicollis Scheerpeltz, 1972 (nec Atheta tristicollis Bernhauer, 1921). Fotografias de habitus, grâficos de aede- acters are provided. agus y espermathecas, asi como otros importantes caractères diagnósticos están representados.

Key words: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, tax- Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, onomy, new records, new genera, new species. taxonomia, nuevos datos, nuevos géneros, nuevas especies.

Resumen Los Aleocharinae estudiados en este trabajo fueron capturados en Ecuador durante las expedicion italiana “Otonga 2008” organizada por la World Biodivesity Association, cuyo objetivo fue el estudio de la biodi- versidad de diferentes regiones del Ecuador. Otro material fue colectado por otros investigadores en Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay y Argentina. Fueron examinadas 18 tribus (Deinopsini, Oligotini, Hygronomini, INTRODUCTION Pronomaeini, Gyrophaenini, Paglini, Placusini, Diestotini, Homalotini,Bolitocharini, Falagriini, Athetini, Ecitocharini, Lomechusini, Thamiaraeini, Oxypodini, Hoplandriini, Aleocharini) y los siguientes tâxones fueron descritos; 12 nuevos géneros: Eymekesina, Perupora, Paglhoplasymma, Meoticaphaena, Kephamekynella, The subfamily Aleocharinae Fleming, 1821, present in all zoogeographic regions, includes a large Onoreusa, Schizorphnebius, Apalosellia, Cornellusa, Akanthinoknemusa, Rondonusa, Taplandria, y 141 nue- number of species. They live in all the environments frequented by Staphylinidae and many of them vas especies: Oligota argentinlutea, Holobus peruvianus, Eymekesina peruviana, Myllaena cangahuensis, Myllaena napoensis,Myllaena cangahuaptera, Perupora huanucensis, Gyrophaena amazonicola, Gyrophaena are typical of forest areas. Some species are terricolous during the day and in the evening they become amplitudinis, Gyrophaena spinoperuviana, Gyrophaena boliviensis, Gyrophaena tabernae, Gyrophaena ama- arboreal or floricolous. Some groups are myrmecophilous or termitophilous (Kistner, 1982), and a zonica, Gyrophaena perupusilla, Gyrophaena holobina, Gyrophaena maldonata, Gyrophaena peruvianorum, certain number of them live in the intertidal zones (Moore & Legner, 1976). The majority of the spe- Gyrophaena materdei, Gyrophaena lilliput, Brachida cotopaxiensis, Brachida insularis, Brachida perudivi- cies are predators, whereas the tribe Gyrophaenini Kraatz, 1856, is mycophagous on fresh mushrooms sa, Brachida giraffa, Brachida parinsulae, Brachida conispiralata, Paglhoplasymma heliconiae, Placusa pe- (Ashe, 1984). The species of the tribe Aleocharini Fleming, 1821, are parasitoids in the larval stage ruacuminata, Placusa spiae, Euvira ecuadorensis, Euvira pittierensis, Euvira huanucoensis, Euvira materdei, Diestota igroinsulana, Diestota manausensis, Plesiomalota cangahuaptera, Plesiomalota cayambensis, of pupiparous flies (Fuldner, 1960). Several species of the Oligotini Thomson, 1859, prey on mites Plesiomalota osellai, Plesiomalota prolata, Plesiomalota hospitii, Plesiomalota anausina, Plesiomalota micro- (Cameron, 1939). peruviana, Plesiomalota pseudomerula, Plesiomalota cerroblancoensis, Plesiomalota ecupallida, Plesiomalota This subfamily has received little attention from collectors and researchers in the past. There are rufa, Plesiomalota materdei, Eudera osellai, Eudera superba, Falagria ecucephalica, Falagria osellai, two reasons for this; firstly most of the species are small (some of them only 1 mm length) making Aleodorus ecuadorensis, Aleodorus sellai, Gnypeta adunca, Gnypeta luteicollis, Gnypeta chacoensis, Gnypeta external morphological characters difficult to see and, secondly, many distinctive characters are found boliviana, Gnypeta palae, Aloconota ecualticola, Aloconota peruviana, Peruusa fungicola, Peruusa materdei, Peruusa amazonica, Kephamekynella peruviana, Atheta ecuscabra, Atheta huanucoensis, Atheta ecuterricola, only on internal reproductive structures or on the mouth parts that require dissection and microscopic Atheta fodinarum, Atheta microparamicola, Atheta ecuvolans, Atheta tapiai, Atheta paolettii, Atheta onorei, study. Nevertheless, Italian and American entomologists by means of improved instruments recently Atheta ecucotopaxiensis, Atheta osellaiana, Atheta rioblancoensis, Atheta ecupauper, Atheta cangahuaptera, have understood much better the biodiversity and relationships within the subfamily. These discoveries Atheta patrinsulae, Atheta materdei, Atheta arndti, Atheta paraguayiensis, Atheta amazoncaliginosa, Atheta have been applied in this work and they are important in extending our knowledge of the Andean and cangahuensis, Atheta atacazensis, Atheta bavierai, Atheta ecuparallela, Atheta patercaliginosa, Atheta sanctaecrucis, Atheta cangahuicola, Atheta ecugigantea, Atheta saltusvirginis, Atheta osellai, Atheta pedegra- Brazilian Aleocharine diversity. The vast geographical area here considered contains a large number lensis, Atheta manausensis, Leptonia ecuadorica, Leptonia cornelli, Dinusella peruviana, Onoreusa ecuado- of new genera and species. The increase of collected material improved the knowledge of generic and rensis, Orphnebius cotopaxiensis, Orphnebius palliolatus, Orphnebius opacilucidicollis, Orphnebius ruralis, specific distribution as well as revealed new synonymies, allowing description and association of male Schizorphnebius osellai, Apalosellia cotopaxiensis, Apalonia uanucensis, Apalonia peruviana, Apalonia ma- and female specimens of species previously known only from one sex or one specimen. The collection terdei, Apalonia iquitensis, Apalonia major, Apalonia racilis, Apalonia asymmetrica, Apalonia nigrofalcife- improvement has also provided much more material to study, allowing the solution of problems.

40 41 Roberto Pace Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Andean and Brazilian sub-regions

MATERIAL AND METHODS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

The specimens of the present paper have been collected in Ecuador during the Italian expedition Acronyms for Museums or private Collections are used as follows: “Otonga 2008”, organized by the World Biodiversity Association to study the biodiversity of some areas of Ecuador. Giuseppe Osella, former professor at the of the University of L’Aquila (Italy), helped FMNHC: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (U.S.A.) by prof. Giovanni Onore of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, has executed above all, IRSNB: Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles searches on the high mountains, up to 3500 m altitude, where numerous endemic species live or have MCSNV: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona (Italia) very narrow distribution presumably. He was helped in the field investigations by two entomologists: COS: Collection Osella, Verona (Italy) (temporary storage, then MVR) Cosimo Baviera and Cesare Bellò and by his kind wife Margherita Pogliano. The interesting specimens ZMHB: Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt - Universität, Berlin, Germany of Aleocharinae collected were submitted to me for identification. To this material I have added many specimens collected in Peru by Dr. Jim F. Cornell of Charlotte, N.C., USA and by Ing. Rob Westerduijn J.F.Cornell Collection is housed in FMNHC, including material collected for him by R.Westerduijn, of Iquitos Peru, for Dr. Cornell’s Collection. Other specimens have been collected in Venezuela by Peru and by B. Garcete, Paraguay. prof. Maurizio Paoletti of the University of Padua (specimens received thanks to the interest of Dr. Enrico Ruzzier of the University of Padua). The material examined and here published also includes a The following acronyms are used for the type material: small collection submitted for study by my specialist colleague of Staphylinidae Dr. Schülke in Berlin. I have examined many types of Aleocharinae from South America in the collections of Fauvel, HT: Holotype Bernhauer, Solier (in the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels), Fairmaire PT(T): Paratype (s) (idem) and Erichson (Berlin). The taxonomic study of the species from South America, compared with those of other zoogeographic regions, presents serious problems, which can be resolved especially through the examination of the characters of the male copulatory organ, of the spermatheca and of the shape of the ligula and TAXONOMY maxillae. Both male and female specimens have been dissected in order to study the genital and oral structures in Canada balsam, and these structures are mounted on small transparent plastic cards (under the specimen). The genital and oral structures were studied using a compound microscope and drawn by means of a reticular lens. The complex drawing of the spermathecae, like those of the Diestotini, DEINOPSINI Southern U.S.A, West Indies and Brazil. Already was copied from the macrophotographic tracing of microscopic slides. The habitus of the new species known for Peru (Pace, 2008). was photographed using a digital camera CanonPower Shot 537, 5.0 mega pixels. All the drawings, up Adinopsis myllaenoides (Kraatz, 1857) to the final phase, were modified and mounted in plates with the Adobe Photoshop software. The species described here are clearly recognizable, mainly through the sketches of habitus, ae- Deinopsis myllaenoides Kraatz, 1857: 38 deagus, and spermatheca. For this reason the descriptions are short and limited; graphically doubtful Adinopsis myllaenoides: Klimaszewski, 1979:72; OLIGOTINI or not reproducible traits are not extensively described, such as reticulation and granulation. However, Pace, 2008: 227 in the case of the subfamily Aleocharinae, even a very accurate and long description does not always Oligota argentinlutea n. sp. give an exact identification of the species. Observation of the illustration of the aedeagus and/or of 1 ♀, Peru, Loreto, Iquitos, 17.V.2007, at light, (figs. 1 and 142) the spermatheca, together with the habitus, can help to solve interpretative problems given by the sole leg. R. Westerduijn; 3 specimens, Peru, Loreto, description. When it is clear from the photograph of the habitus, traits such as “pronotum transverse” Iquitos, 13.V.2007, at light, leg. R. Westerduijn; Type series: HT ♂, America mer., Argentina, or “wider than head” are omitted. 1 specimen, Peru, Loreto, Iquitos, 29.V.2007, Chaco Charata, III.1993, leg. Di Iorio (ZMHB). at light, leg. R. Westerduijn; 8 specimens, Peru, Loreto, Iquitos, 100 m, 11.IX.2006, dead un- Description. Length 0.96 mm. Body shiny and der light in the city near the Amazon, leg. R. yellowish-red, fourth free urotergum reddish, an- Westerduijn (FMNHC) tennae reddish with the three basal antennomeres and the eleventh yellow, legs yellow. Distribution. Species till now known from the Second antennomere longer than the first, third

42 43 Roberto Pace Biodiversity of Aleocharinae from Andean and Brazilian sub-regions

shorter than the second, fourth and fifth as long basal sulci. Aedeagus fig. 143, antenna fig. 144. Description. Head as broad as the pronotum, Eymekesina peruviana n. sp. as broad, seventh to ninth transverse, club of eyes much shorter than the postocular part, in (figs. 3 and 145-150) three antennomeres. Reticulation of head, elytra Comparative notes. For the form of the aedea- dorsal view, temples not impressed. Eleven an- and abdomen absent, that of the elytra superfi- gus and for some characters of the body, the new tennomeres. Labrum transverse, a little emar- Type series: HT ♂, Peru, Huanuco, Tingo Maria, cial. Punctuation of the head fine, close and su- species is similar to H. hypocyptinus Bernhauer, ginated in front, the anterior angles rounded. 15-17.VIII.1985, UV light, leg. J.F. Cornell perficial. Granulation of pronotum, elytra and 1923 from Guadalupe, as illustrated by Frank, Mandibles moderate, curved, pointed, the right (FMNHC). abdomen fine, close and superficial. Aedeagus 1972. It is distinguished by the greater develop- with a small tooth on the top half, the left bisin- fig. 142. ment of the scourge of the internal genital piece uated. Maxillary palpi, fig. 148, of four articles, Description. Length 1.98 mm. Body shiny, of the aedeagus that is curved at the apex, while the third longer and clearly wider than the sec- brown and flattened. Pronotum, elytra and the Comparative notes. The new species is separate in hypocyptina the apex of the aedeagus is rec- ond, fourth short and triangular, with an apical three basal free uroterga yellowish-brown, an- from the similar O. valdiviana Pace, 2000 from tilinear. papilla that simulates a fifth article. Inner lobe tennae yellowish-brown with the two basal Chile, for the eyes more developed, for the elev- of the maxillas narrow, acute, its internal mar- antennomeres dirty yellow, legs yellow. Eyes enth antennomere yellowish-red and not brown Etymology. The new species takes its name gin with a lot of numerous and very long dor- much shorter than the postocular part, in dorsal as in valdiviana, and for the aedeagus which from Peru. sal spines, the external lobe as long as the inner view. Second antennomere a little shorter than is deeply arched to the ventral side not slightly lobe, ciliate to the apex, fig. 148. Labial palpi, the first, third shorter than the second, fourth to arched as in valdiviana. fig. 147, with the first article very long, second tenth transverse. Reticulation of head and abdo- very short, slightly broad toward the apex, third men superficial, that of the pronotum very eva- Etymology. The name of the new species means HYGRONOMINI so long as the second, with apical great papilla nescent, that of the elytra absent. Punctuation of “Yellow gold of Argentina” from the Latin “lu- that simulates a fourth article. Ligula, fig. 147, the head indistinct, that of the pronotum close teus” = yellow gold. Eymekesina n. gen. a little shorter than the first article of the - labi and very superficial, that of the elytra fine and ev- (figs. 3 and 145-150) al palpi, to the apex incised to form triangular ident. Granulation of the abdomen close and su- halves. Paraglossa feeble. Mentum transverse, perficial. Disk of the head impressed. Aedeagus Holobus peruvianus n. sp. Diagnosis. The habitus of the new genus is simi- trapezoidal with anterior margin slightly emar- figs. 145-146. (figs. 2 and 143-144) lar to that of Gyronycha Casey, 1893 from North ginated, fig. 149. Pronotum longer than broad, America and from Colombia (Pace, 1996) but the fig. 3. Mesosternal process reaching the half of Etymology. The new species takes its name Type series: HT ♂, Peru, Loreto, Padre Isla, 100 ligula of the new genus is not narrow and entire as the length of the mesocoxae, pointed to the apex; from Peru. m, 13.IX.2006, beating foliage annually flooded in Gyronycha, broad and divided to the apex on mesocoxae contiguous. Elytra not emarginat- woodland, leg. R. Westerduijn (FMNHC). the median line, fig. 147. The new genus is also ed postero-externally. Abdomen parallel, not separate from the palaearctic genus Hygronoma narrow to the apex, the first three free uroterga Description. Length 1.15 mm. Body shiny, very Erichson, 1837, because the ligula in this genus transversly impressed at their bases. Legs short. PRONOMAEINI convex and brown, antennae brown with the presents broad base and it is separated deeply in Tarsi 4-4-4 jointed; the anterior, fig. 150, and four basal antennomeres yellowish-brown, py- two lobes on the median line. The new genus is middle with the first three tarsomeres short and Note. In this work I continue to consider the tribe gidium yellowish-red, legs yellowish-brown. also distinguished from the genus Leptobamona sub equal, fourth a little shorter than the three Myllaenini synonymous with the Pronaemaeini Second antennomere shorter than the first, third Casey, 1911 from the New Jersey, by the broad combined precedents; posterior tarsomere with based on my observations of the traditional ge- longer than the second, fourth longer than broad, neck, not narrow as in Leptobamona, and for the first article a little longer than the next article. neric characters (Pace,1999). Other authors still fifth and sixth as long as broad, seventh to ninth depressed head, not convex as in Leptobamona. maintain the species in two tribes, for reasons transverse, club of three antennomeres, fig. 144. The new genus is also distinguished from the Type species. Eymekesina peruviana n. sp. unsatisfactory to me. Reticulation of head, pronotum and abdomen su- genus Caloderella Bernhauer, 1912 from South perficial, that of the elytra evident. Punctuation America, by the depressed body and by the ligu- Etymology. The female name of the new genus of the head indistinct, that of the pronotum close la scarcely divided at the apex and not deeply derives from the ancient Greek εύμήκης = of no- Myllaena cangahuensis n. sp. and distinct. Granulation of the elytra fine and divided in two lobes as in Caloderella. table length, in reference to the first article of the (figs. 4 and 151-153) evanescent. Free uroterga first and second with labial palpi, of notable length in comparison with the following articles.

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