DOCSLIB.ORG

Patterns of Molecular Evolution Associated with Repeatedly Evolved Traits

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Patterns of Molecular Evolution Associated with Repeatedly Evolved Traits Patterns of molecular evolution associated with repeatedly evolved traits by T. Fatima Mitterboeck A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © T. Fatima Mitterboeck, August 2016 ABSTRACT PATTERNS OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION ASSOCIATED WITH REPEATEDLY EVOLVED TRAITS T. Fatima Mitterboeck Advisors: University of Guelph, 2016 Sarah J. Adamowicz Jinzhong Fu Molecular evolutionary rates vary dramatically across the tree of life. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, this thesis explores rates and patterns of molecular evolution associated with three major repeated evolutionary transitions that have shaped life: shifts between marine and freshwater environments in diverse lineages of eukaryotes, shifts between freshwater and terrestrial environments in insects, and shifts between flying ability and lack of ability in insects. These studies were novel in taxonomic scope and in the evolutionary transitions examined, as well as by assessing trends in both directions of transition. While rates of molecular evolution were here observed to be relatively equal among habitat categories, freshwater eukaryotes tended to have higher rates than marine or saline eukaryotes, and terrestrial insects tended to have higher rates than freshwater insects. In flightless insects, certain categories of genes more commonly exhibited signatures of positive or relaxed selection than observed in flying insects, and these trends mirrored those previously reported for other flying and secondarily flightless animal groups (birds and bats). Overall, the broad-scale trends observed in these studies support a degree of predictability in molecular evolution in association with biological and ecological traits of organisms. Key words: evolutionary transitions, repeated evolution, flight, flight loss, habitat shifts, terrestrial, freshwater, marine, insects, eukaryotes, molecular evolutionary rates, positive selection, relaxed selection, molecular convergence, comparative method Acknowledgements I am lucky to have had many gifted circumstances before and during my life that have enabled me the opportunity to pursue this study. I give a huge thank you to my advisors Sarah Adamowicz and Jinzhong Fu, for the attention to these projects and toward my broader goals. I appreciated you providing and encouraging opportunities wherever possible, and for the freedom to pursue my research areas of interest. I thank my committee members Stephen Marshall and Daniel Ashlock for the thought given toward these projects. I am grateful to my collaborators Shanlin Liu, Rui Zhang, Wenhui Song, Lili Zhou, and especially to Xin Zhou, who brought me into the world of insect transcriptomics and the 1000 Insect Transcriptome Evolution project. I’m glad to have had such wonderful lab mates, Tzitziki Loeza-Quintana and Robert Young, who have made this time meaningful more than in just academic aspects. I thank my family and my husband Brad Hall for their encouragement. I appreciate those who have organized and contributed to the funding that I received through the government of Canada and Ontario to conduct this research. Finally, I’d like to thank the researchers around the world who have contributed and made available the data that has enabled this work. Funding Timeline September 2012 to April 2013, May to August 2014: University of Guelph Integrative Biology PhD award to T.F.M. May 2013 to April 2014: Government of Ontario and University of Guelph Ontario Graduate Fellowship to T.F.M. September 2014 to August 2016: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Alexander Graham Bell Graduate Scholarship (CGS-D) and University of Guelph Dean’s Tri-council Scholarship to T.F.M. September 2012 to August 2016: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grants to S.J.A. (386591-2010) and J.F. (400479). iii Declaration of Contributions Specific acknowledgments for each individual data chapter, outside of the study authors, are given at the end of each chapter. Chapter 2: Mitterboeck, T. F., A. Y. Chen, O. A. Zaheer, E. Y. T. Ma, and S. J. Adamowicz. 2016. Do saline taxa evolve faster? Comparing relative rates of molecular evolution between freshwater and marine eukaryotes. Evolution (July). Contributions: Conceived the experiment: S.J.A., T.F.M. Compiled the datasets and genetic data used: A.Y.C., O.A.Z., T.F.M. Performed PAML analysis: A.Y.C., T.F.M. Wrote the Python script: E.Y.T.M. Contributed ideas to the written document: T.F.M., S.J.A., A.Y.C. Performed pattern analysis, wrote the paper, generated figures and tables: T.F.M. Revisions for publication: T.F.M., S.J.A. Chapter 3: Mitterboeck, T. F., J. Fu, and S. J. Adamowicz. 2016. Rates and patterns of molecular evolution in freshwater vs. terrestrial insects. Genome (August). Contributions: Conceived the experiment, input on analyses and concepts, and revisions for publication: T.F.M., S.J.A., J.F. Performed analyses, wrote the paper, generated figures and tables: T.F.M. Chapter 4: Mitterboeck*, T. F., S. Liu*, R. Zhang, W. Song, K. Meusemann, J. Fu, S. J. Adamowicz, and X. Zhou. 2016. Positive and relaxed selection in insect transcriptomes associated with the evolutionary gain and loss of flight. (In prep.). *planned shared first authorship and S.L. placed first for publication. Contributions: Conceived the experiment: X.Z., T.F.M., S.L. Filtered the genetic data: S.L., K.M. Designed experiments: T.F.M., S.L., R.Z., W.S., J.F., S.J.A. Designed data sets and analyses: T.F.M., S.L. Bioinformatics for PAML analysis: S.L. Gene Ontology and HyPhy analysis: T.F.M. Wrote the paper, generated figures and tables: T.F.M. Revisions to written draft: T.F.M., S.J.A., J.F., S.L. [Note: Contributions may change by time of publication] iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iii Funding Timeline ......................................................................................................................... iii Declaration of Contributions ...................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ xi List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. xii List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. xii List of Supplementary Materials .............................................................................................. xiii Chapter 1: An introduction to molecular evolutionary rates and measures ........................... 1 OVERVIEW OF THESIS ............................................................................................................... 2 Foreword on type of molecular evolution studied ...................................................................... 3 PART 1: BACKGROUND ON MOLECULAR EVOLUTIONARY RATES IN A GENOME- WIDE CONTEXT ASSOCIATED WITH EVOLUTIONARY TRANSITIONS ......................... 4 Summary of Part 1 ...................................................................................................................... 4 Background and scope of studies to be discussed ...................................................................... 4 Evolutionary transitions and homology ...................................................................................... 5 Examples of evolutionary transitions .......................................................................................... 6 Methodological approaches to studying transitions and molecular rates ................................... 7 Measures of molecular evolutionary rates .................................................................................. 7 Synthesis of support for each biological/ecological parameter on rates ..................................... 8 Restrictions on transition directionality .................................................................................... 10 The gap: transition direction vs. trait state ................................................................................ 11 Examples and synthesis of studies suggesting some influence of ‘transitioning’ .................... 12 Methods: how could state- and direction-specific trends in molecular evolution be distinguished? ........................................................................................................................... 12 Conclusions and future work .................................................................................................... 13 Figures and Tables for Chapter 1 Part 1 .................................................................................. 14 PART 2: BACKGROUND ON GENOMIC-SCALE ASSESSMENT OF CONVERGENCE, POSITIVE SELECTION, AND/OR RELAXED SELECTION .................................................. 20 Summary of Part 2 .................................................................................................................... 20 Scope of studies being discussed .............................................................................................. 20 v Convergent molecular evolution ..............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Solution for Universal Classification of Species Based on Genomic
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Plant Genomics Volume 2007, Article ID 27894, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2007/27894 Research Article A Solution for Universal Classification of Species Based on Genomic DNA Mariko Kouduka,1 Daisuke Sato,1 Manabu Komori,1 Motohiro Kikuchi,2 Kiyoshi Miyamoto,3 Akinori Kosaku,3 Mohammed Naimuddin,1, 4 Atsushi Matsuoka,5 and Koichi Nishigaki1, 6 1 Department of Functional Materials Science, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan 2 Chitose Salmon Aquarium Chitose, Youth Educational Foundation, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan 3 Institute of Medical Science, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan 4 Biol. Res. and Functions, National Inst. AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 5 Department of Geology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 6 Rational Evolutionary Design of Advanced Biomolecules, Saitama Small Enterprise Promotion Corporation, SKIP City, Saitama, Japan Received 22 July 2006; Revised 8 October 2006; Accepted 8 October 2006 Recommended by Cheng-Cang Wu Traditionally, organisms have been classified on the basis of their phenotype. Recently, genotype-based classification has become possible through the development of sequencing technology. However, it is still difficult to apply sequencing approaches to the analysis of a large number of species due to the cost and labor. In most biological fields, the analysis of complex systems compris- ing various species has become an important theme, demanding an effective method for handling a vast number of species. In this paper, we have demonstrated, using plants, fish, and insects, that genome profiling, a compact technology for genome analysis, can classify organisms universally. Surprisingly, in all three of the domains of organisms tested, the phylogenetic trees generated from the phenotype topologically matched completely those generated from the genotype.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphidromy in Shrimps: a Life Cycle Between Rivers and the Sea
    Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 41(4): 633-650, 2013 Amphidromy in shrimps: a life cycle 633 “Studies on Freshwater Decapods in Latin America” Ingo S. Wehrtmann & Raymond T. Bauer (Guest Editors) DOI: 103856/vol41-issue4-fulltext-2 Review Amphidromy in shrimps: a life cycle between rivers and the sea Raymond T. Bauer1 1Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, 70504-2451 USA ABSTRACT. Amphidromy is a diadromous life history pattern, common in tropical and subtropical freshwater caridean shrimps, in which adults live, breed and spawn small-sized embryos in freshwater but have extended larval development (ELD) in marine waters. Most completely freshwater species spawn large embryos with either direct or abbreviated larval development (ALD). An important benefit of amphidromy is dispersal among river systems via marine larvae, which increases their access to alternative habitats. Thus, amphidromous species have much broader geographic distributions than closely related completely freshwater ones with ALD. ALD and freshwater ELD species appear to have evolved from amphidromous species with marine ancestors. Delivery of larvae to the sea in many amphidromous species is accomplished by upstream hatching and river drift of larvae to the sea. In other species, the females themselves apparently migrate down to marine waters to spawn. After development, the postlarvae must find a river mouth and migrate upstream to the adult habitat. Migrations occur at night, with juveniles swimming or crawling along the river or stream bank. Larvae are released during the wet or flood season of the year, while juvenile migrations take place during the dry or low-flow season.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Data and the Evolutionary History of Dinoflagellates by Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria Diplom, Ruprecht-Karls-Un
    Molecular data and the evolutionary history of dinoflagellates by Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria Diplom, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg, 1993 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Botany We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA November 2003 © Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria, 2003 ABSTRACT New sequences of ribosomal and protein genes were combined with available morphological and paleontological data to produce a phylogenetic framework for dinoflagellates. The evolutionary history of some of the major morphological features of the group was then investigated in the light of that framework. Phylogenetic trees of dinoflagellates based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) are generally poorly resolved but include many well- supported clades, and while combined analyses of SSU and LSU (large subunit ribosomal RNA) improve the support for several nodes, they are still generally unsatisfactory. Protein-gene based trees lack the degree of species representation necessary for meaningful in-group phylogenetic analyses, but do provide important insights to the phylogenetic position of dinoflagellates as a whole and on the identity of their close relatives. Molecular data agree with paleontology in suggesting an early evolutionary radiation of the group, but whereas paleontological data include only taxa with fossilizable cysts, the new data examined here establish that this radiation event included all dinokaryotic lineages, including athecate forms. Plastids were lost and replaced many times in dinoflagellates, a situation entirely unique for this group. Histones could well have been lost earlier in the lineage than previously assumed.
    [Show full text]
  • Cottus Poecilopus Heckel, 1836, in the River Javorin- Ka, the Tatra
    Oecologia Montana 2018, Cottus poecilopus Heckel, 1836, in the river Javorin- 27, 21-26 ka, the Tatra mountains, Slovakia M. JANIGA, Jr. In Tatranská Javorina under Muráň mountain, a small fish nursery was built by Christian Kraft von Institute of High Mountain Biology University of Hohenlohe around 1930. The most comprehensive Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, SK-059 56, Slovakia; studies on fish from the Tatra mountains were writ- e-mail:: [email protected] ten by professor Václav Dyk (1957; 1961), Dyk and Dyková (1964a,b; 1965), who studied altitudinal distribution of fish, describing the highest points where fish were found. His studies on fish were likely the most complex studies of their kind during that period. Along with his wife Sylvia, who illus- Abstract. This study focuses on the Cottus poe- trated his studies, they published the first realistic cilopus from the river Javorinka in the north-east studies on fish from the Tatra mountains including High Tatra mountains, Slovakia. The movement the river Javorinka (Dyk and Dyková 1964a). Feri- and residence of 75 Alpine bullhead in the river anc (1948) published the first Slovakian nomenclature were monitored and carefully recorded using GPS of fish in 1948. Eugen K. Balon (1964; 1966) was the coordinates. A map representing their location in next famous ichthyologist who became a recognised the river was generated. This data was collected in expert in the fish fauna of the streams of the Tatra the spring and summer of 2016 and in the autumn mountains, the river Poprad, and various high moun- of 2017. Body length and body weight of 67 Alpine tain lakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Patrons De Biodiversité À L'échelle Globale Chez Les Dinoflagellés
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emerciements* ! Remerciements* A!l'issue!de!ce!travail!de!recherche!et!de!sa!rédaction,!j’ai!la!preuve!que!la!thèse!est!loin!d'être!un!travail! solitaire.! En! effet,! je! n'aurais! jamais! pu! réaliser! ce! travail! doctoral! sans! le! soutien! d'un! grand! nombre! de! personnes!dont!l’amitié,!la!générosité,!la!bonne!humeur%et%l'intérêt%manifestés%à%l'égard%de%ma%recherche%m'ont% permis!de!progresser!dans!cette!phase!délicate!de!«!l'apprentiGchercheur!».!
    [Show full text]
  • Protistology Mitochondrial Genomes of Amoebozoa
    Protistology 13 (4), 179–191 (2019) Protistology Mitochondrial genomes of Amoebozoa Natalya Bondarenko1, Alexey Smirnov1, Elena Nassonova1,2, Anna Glotova1,2 and Anna Maria Fiore-Donno3 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia 2 Laboratory of Cytology of Unicellular Organisms, Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia 3 University of Cologne, Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, 50674 Cologne, Germany | Submitted November 28, 2019 | Accepted December 10, 2019 | Summary In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge on mitochondrial genomes of Amoebozoa. Amoebozoa is a major, early-diverging lineage of eukaryotes, containing at least 2,400 species. At present, 32 mitochondrial genomes belonging to 18 amoebozoan species are publicly available. A dearth of information is particularly obvious for two major amoebozoan clades, Variosea and Tubulinea, with just one mitochondrial genome sequenced for each. The main focus of this review is to summarize features such as mitochondrial gene content, mitochondrial genome size variation, and presence or absence of RNA editing, showing if they are unique or shared among amoebozoan lineages. In addition, we underline the potential of mitochondrial genomes for multigene phylogenetic reconstruction in Amoebozoa, where the relationships among lineages are not fully resolved yet. With the increasing application of next-generation sequencing techniques and reliable protocols, we advocate mitochondrial
    [Show full text]
  • Cryphiops Caementarius (Molina, 1782)
    FICHA DE ANTECEDENTES DE ESPECIE Id especie: Nombre Científico: Cryphiops caementarius (Molina, 1782) Nombre Común: Camarón de río del Norte de Chile Reino: Animalia Orden: Decapoda Phyllum/División: Arthropoda Familia: Palaemonidae Clase: Malacostraca Género: Cryphiops Sinonimia: Cancer caementarius , Molina Palaemon Gaudichaudii , Poeppig Cryphiops spinuloso-manus , Dana Bithynis longimana , Philippi Bithynis gaudichaudii , Ortman Bithynis caementarius , Ortman Antecedentes Gen erales: ASPECTOS MORFOLÓGICOS: Animal robusto, de abdomen tan largo y grueso como el cefalotórax, rostrum con cresta dorsal adornada por fila de 6 a 7 dientes gruesos, puede tener dientes a lo largo del borde ventral o carecer completamente de ellos, existiendo ejemplares con todos los estados intermedios relativos a estos extremos (Jara 1994). Primer y segundo par de patas caminadoras con quela o tenaza terminal; el segundo par mucho más grande que el primero y una de las patas de mayor tamaño que la opuesta (Jara 1994). El segundo par de patas del macho es distinto del de la hembra; la mayor anchura de los extremos del segundo segmento abdominal, en proporción a la longitud del abdomen y la relación cefalotoráxica, nos dan la evidencia de un dimorfismo sexual (Castro 1966). El espécimen macho más grande medido en la Colección del Instituto de Zoología (UACh) alcanzó a 59 mm, mientras que el más grande registrado en la literatura alcanzó 67 mm (Jara 1994). Rasgos distintivos ASPECTOS REPRODUCTIVOS: La mayor parte de los ejemplares migran activamente hacia la desembocadura de los ríos para la reproducción , liberar las larvas en los estuarios o zonas del potamon. En cuevas los machos tienen varias hembras que fertilizan después de la muda.
    [Show full text]
  • E Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary
    !e Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary Jessica Reeves & John Buckeridge Published by: Greypath Productions Marine Care Ricketts Point PO Box 7356, Beaumaris 3193 Copyright © 2012 Marine Care Ricketts Point !is work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission of the publisher. Photographs remain copyright of the individual photographers listed. ISBN 978-0-9804483-5-1 Designed and typeset by Anthony Bright Edited by Alison Vaughan Printed by Hawker Brownlow Education Cheltenham, Victoria Cover photo: Rocky reef habitat at Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary, David Reinhard Contents Introduction v Visiting the Sanctuary vii How to use this book viii Warning viii Habitat ix Depth x Distribution x Abundance xi Reference xi A note on nomenclature xii Acknowledgements xii Species descriptions 1 Algal key 116 Marine invertebrate key 116 Glossary 118 Further reading 120 Index 122 iii Figure 1: Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary. !e intertidal zone rocky shore platform dominated by the brown alga Hormosira banksii. Photograph: John Buckeridge. iv Introduction Most Australians live near the sea – it is part of our national psyche. We exercise in it, explore it, relax by it, "sh in it – some even paint it – but most of us simply enjoy its changing modes and its fascinating beauty. Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary comprises 115 hectares of protected marine environment, located o# Beaumaris in Melbourne’s southeast ("gs 1–2). !e sanctuary includes the coastal waters from Table Rock Point to Quiet Corner, from the high tide mark to approximately 400 metres o#shore.
    [Show full text]
  • Tese Inpa.Pdf
    INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GENÉTICA, CONSERVAÇÃO E BIOLOGIA EVOLUTIVA ESTRUTURAÇÃO E DINÂMICA POPULACIONAL DE Pellona castelnaeana, VALENCIENNES, 1847, E EVIDÊNCIAS DE UNIDADES EVOLUTIVAS EM Pellona flavipinnis (VALENCIENNES, 1837) NA BACIA AMAZÔNICA ALINE MOURÃO XIMENES Manaus, Amazonas Novembro de 2014 ALINE MOURÃO XIMENES ESTRUTURAÇÃO E DINÂMICA POPULACIONAL DE Pellona castelnaeana, VALENCIENNES, 1847, E EVIDÊNCIAS DE UNIDADES EVOLUTIVAS EM Pellona flavipinnis (VALENCIENNES, 1837) NA BACIA AMAZÔNICA ORIENTADORA: DRA. IZENI PIRES FARIAS CO-ORIENTADOR: DR. EMIL JOSÉ HERNÁNDEZ RUZ Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva. Manaus, Amazonas Novembro de 2014 ii FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA CDD 597.092 X4 Ximenes, Aline Mourão Estruturação e dinâmica populacional de Pellona castelnaeana, valenciennes, 1847, e evidências de unidades evolutivas em Pellona / Aline Mourão Ximenes. --- Manaus: [s.n.], 2014. xii, 86 f. : il. color. Dissertação (Mestrado) --- INPA/UFAM, Manaus, 2014. Orientador : Izeni Pires Farias. Coorientador : Emil José Hernández Ruz. Área de concentração : Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva. 1. DNA mitocondrial. 2. Microssatélites. 3. Apapás. I. Título. Sinopse: Foram caracterizados locos de microssatélites para estudo de genética de população em Pellona. Utilizou-se esses microssatélites e região D-loop para o estudo de dinâmica populacional e estrutura genética de Pellona castelnaeana, os resultados a partir da região D-loop indicaram que esta forma uma população panmítica na bacia Amazônica e os resultados a partir dos microssátiles mostraram um padrão de estruturação em megarregiões, ambos microssatélites e região D-loop foram concordantes em indicar que as corredeiras do alto rio Madeira atuaram restrigindo o fluxo gênico em P.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Zooplankton Invasions in Constructed Waters Facilitated by Simple Communities?
    http://waikato.researchgateway.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. ARE ZOOPLANKTON INVASIONS IN CONSTRUCTED WATERS FACILITATED BY SIMPLE COMMUNITIES? A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at The University of Waikato by SAMANTHA MAREE PARKES 2010 Abstract The invasion of non-indigenous species is considered to be one of the leading causes of biodiversity loss globally. My research aimed to determine if constructed water bodies (e.g., water supply reservoirs, dams and ponds) were invaded by zooplankton with greater ease than natural water bodies, and whether this was due to a lower biodiversity, and therefore lower 'biotic resistance', in constructed water bodies. Sediment cores were collected from a cross-section of 46 lakes, ponds and reservoirs (23 natural and 23 constructed) throughout the North Island, New Zealand. Diapausing zooplankton eggs were separated from the sediments and hatched to assess species composition and richness.
    [Show full text]
  • Teleostei, Clupeiformes)
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations Biological Sciences Fall 2019 Global Conservation Status and Threat Patterns of the World’s Most Prominent Forage Fishes (Teleostei, Clupeiformes) Tiffany L. Birge Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biology Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Birge, Tiffany L.. "Global Conservation Status and Threat Patterns of the World’s Most Prominent Forage Fishes (Teleostei, Clupeiformes)" (2019). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/8m64-bg07 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_etds/109 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GLOBAL CONSERVATION STATUS AND THREAT PATTERNS OF THE WORLD’S MOST PROMINENT FORAGE FISHES (TELEOSTEI, CLUPEIFORMES) by Tiffany L. Birge A.S. May 2014, Tidewater Community College B.S. May 2016, Old Dominion University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE BIOLOGY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY December 2019 Approved by: Kent E. Carpenter (Advisor) Sara Maxwell (Member) Thomas Munroe (Member) ABSTRACT GLOBAL CONSERVATION STATUS AND THREAT PATTERNS OF THE WORLD’S MOST PROMINENT FORAGE FISHES (TELEOSTEI, CLUPEIFORMES) Tiffany L. Birge Old Dominion University, 2019 Advisor: Dr. Kent E.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Conservation of the Unique and Diverse Halophilic Macroinvertebrates of Australian Salt Lakes
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Marine and Freshwater Research Corrigendum https://doi.org/10.1071/MF21088_CO Biology and conservation of the unique and diverse halophilic macroinvertebrates of Australian salt lakes Angus D’Arcy Lawrie, Jennifer Chaplin and Adrian Pinder Marine and Freshwater Research. [Published online 2 July 2021]. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF21088 The authors of the above-mentioned paper regret to inform readers that there were errors published in the systematics of one of the taxa in the manuscript. The list of groups in the Cladocera section (on p. F) was published as below: The bulk of Cladocera that occur in inland waters in Australia are restricted to fresh water, but three groups have representatives in salt lakes. These groups comprise: (1) six species of Daphniopsis (or Daphnia; see below); (2) two species of Daphnia (Daphnia salinifera Hebert and Daphnia neosalinifera Hebert) from the Daphnia carinata (King) subgenus; and (3) three species of chydorid: Moina baylyi Forro´, Moina mongolica Daday and Extremalona timmsi Sinev & Shiel. This text should have been as below (changes underlined): The bulk of Cladocera that occur in inland waters in Australia are restricted to fresh water, but four groups have representatives in salt lakes. These groups comprise: (1) six species of Daphniopsis (or Daphnia; see below); (2) two species of Daphnia (Daphnia salinifera Hebert and Daphnia neosalinifera Hebert) from the Daphnia carinata (King) subgenus; (3) two Moina species (Moina baylyi Forro´ and Moina mongolica Daday); and (4) one species of chydorid (Extremalona timmsi Sinev & Shiel). Furthermore, the title of the Chydorids section should have been titled Moinids and chydorids.
    [Show full text]