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The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 : Explorations by Early Navigators

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The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 : Explorations by Early Navigators Accessions Jf Shelf No. 3otH>!ri& /. SO- FROM THE ptjiUips JTuttd. O' K \\\ THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS i 493-1898 ^'S'wr, t tCm i..8r .-A ^ ri t* JCmj^'i aeon. ", En£hs), HHUl AS to a Dr(tt atffltadc £ East India Islands in James Bell's [From copy in Library System of Geography (Glasgow, 1836) of Harvai'd University^ The PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 1493-1898 Explorations by Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and their Peoples, their History and Records of the Catholic Missions, as related in contemporaneous Books and Manuscripts, showing the Political, Eco- nomic, Commercial and Religious Conditions of those Islands from their earliest relations with European Nations to the close of the Nineteenth Century TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINALS Edited and annotated by Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, with historical intro- duction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne. With maps, portraits and other illustrations Volume LII—1841-1898 The Arthur H. Clark Company Cleveland, Ohio MCMVII COPYRIGHT I9O7 THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY KV, ' ALL RIGHTS RESERVED e ; CONTENTS OF VOLUME LII Preface 13 Documents of 1 841 -1898 Internal political condition of the Phil- ippines. Sinibaldo de Mas; Madrid, 1842 .29 Matta's report. Juan Manuel de la Matta Manila, February 25, 1843 . .91 The Philippines, i860- 1898: some comment and bibliographical notes. James A. Le- Roy; Durango, Mexico, 1907 . .112 Events in Filipinas, 1 841 -1872. [Summar- ized from Montero y Vidal's Historia de FilipinasJ] ...... 208 Constitution of the Liga Filipina. Jose Rizal ; Tondo, July 3, 1892 . 217 The friar memorial of 1898. Manuel Gu- tierrez, O.S.A., and others; Manila, April 21, 1898 227 Bibliographical Data 287 Appendix: Agriculture in Filipinas. Joseph Basco y Vargas, and others . 291 Errata and addenda to VOLUMES I-LII . 325 ILLUSTRATIONS Map of East India Islands, in James Bell's Sys- tem of Geography (Glasgow, 1836), v, map 2; photographic facsimile from copy in Library of Harvard University . Frontispiece Map of the Dolores or Garbanzos Islands (the Carolinas), 173 1; photographic facsimile of original MS. map, drawn by Juan Antonio Cantova, S.J., in Archivo general de Indias, Sevilla 37 Map of the Philippine and Mariana Islands ; en- larged photographic facsimile of map in Let- tres edifiantes, xi (Paris, M. DCC. XV), p. 74; from copy in Library of Harvard Univer- sity . 209 Autograph signatures of Diego Luis San Vi- tores, others facsimile S.J., and ; photographic from original MS. in Archivo general de In- dias, Sevilla 337 Map of portion of the Palaos Islands, discovered 1710 by expedition under Francisco Padilla; drawn by Jose Somera, chief pilot; photo- graphic facsimile of original MS. map in Ar- chivo general de Indias, Sevilla . 347 Chart of the port of Sisiran, in the province of Camarines; photographic facsimile from 2 1 THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS [Vol. 52 Arandia's Ordenanzas de marina (Manila, 1757) between pp. 26-27; from copy in Li- brary of Congress 355 PREFACE In this final documentary volume of our series we present matter which is planned to bring out the salient points of the highly important period from 1 841 to 1898, a little more than the last half-century of the Spanish regime, together with such biblio- graphical aids as will enable students to find readily the best and most available sources for the history of that time. The first two documents (written respec- tively by a civil official and a military commander) furnish a reliable and intelligent survey, by eyewit- nesses, of political, economic, and social conditions in the islands in 1842-43; and thus supplement the similar relations (in VOL. Li) dated fifteen years earlier. The admirable paper by James A. LeRo).^ who is well known as the leading authority on Phil- ippine affairs, places before our readers a clear and orderly review of the last four decades of Spanish rule in Filipinas-with keen but impartial comments on conditions, events, and men therein ; and with full and well-selected bibliographical references to the best works on the subject. It gives us pleasure to pre- sent here the hitherto unpublished constitution of the Liga Filipina, from Rizal's own MS. draft; and the friar memorial of 1898 (a curiously mediaeval docu- ment for the end of the nineteenth century), which : 14 THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS [Vol. S 2 heretofore had appeared only in a limited Spanish edition and a partial and unsatisfactory English translation. To these documents is added an appen- dix on agricultural conditions in Filipinas, giving a view of these in 1784 and another in 1866; an outline of the projects, efforts, and achievements of the noted Economic Society of Manila; and bibliographical references for the use of the reader. Following is a synopsis of the above documents Of exceeding interest and importance is the third volume of Mas's Informe, on the policy of the Span- ish government as regards internal affairs in the Philippine Islands. Intended almost exclusively for the use of the government, but comparatively few copies were published, and hence the volume is of great rarity, and is not mentioned by most of the bibliographers. We know with certainty of four copies: two owned in the Philippines, one by the heirs of Clemente Zulueta, and the other by Epifanio de los Santos (our translation being made from a typewritten copy of the latter) ; one in the Peabody Institute, Baltimore, and one in the collection of the Compania General de Tabacos de Filipinas, Barce- lona. Its chief value and importance lie in its treat- ment of various vital questions that had already begun to present themselves to some minds more or less clearly -the relation of the Filipino-Spaniards to those of the Peninsula; questions concerning the natives, Chinese mestizos, and Spaniards ; separation from Spain; and lastly, the proposition to free the islands. The document, while containing many things that are general in nature, and which even appear childish and visionary, is in many other things clear-sighted, and shows deep and keen observation. 5 1841-1898] PREFACE 1 The first two volumes of Mas's work (which have been eited so frequently in this series) were written in order to form a suitable background to the third volume, jmd thus lead to it naturally, by giving a resume in succinct form of the history, government, and social and economic conditions of the islands. Proceeding to his purpose, the author states that the intentions of Spain in regard to the colony may be one of three: perpetual possession; utter neglect; or emancipation. He treats only of the first and third. To ensure perpetual possession, there are three prin- ciples to be borne in mind and acted upon: the re- duction of the white population; the subordination of the natives ; and the general reform of the Spanish administration. The growth of the white population fosters the spirit of independence, for the Spaniards of the Philippines look upon the islands as their own country, and have no affection for Spain. Their only concern is to hold possession of the government posts, but they are lazy and ignorant. They are naturally disgruntled by the appointment of peninsular Span- iards to posts in the islands; for, since the promotions are limited, they cannot hope for the advancement that they believe is due them. Their discontent was seen in practical form in the insurrection instigated in 1822 because of the officials brought from Spain by Antonio Martinez; and there was evident dis- content because of the new contingent that appeared in 1825. There are more than one thousand Filipino- Spanish males in the Philippines, but only four hun- dred posts, and their hopes continually wane at the appearance of officials from Spain, although Spain has an evident right to send whom it will to the is- lands. To obviate the trouble, Mas suggests that only 6 1 THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS [Vol. 52 single men be sent to the islands from Spain to act as officials, and that they be required to return to the Peninsula after twenty years' service, with the option of returning in ten years. These men will probably marry Spanish women in the islands, and on their return to Spain will take their families with them, thus reducing the white population considerably. It is a mistake to send women to the colony, and a grave error to endeavor to increase the white population there. A plan is proposed for the further reduction of the white population by sending all males to Spain at the government expense, at the age of sixteen, where they shall be educated at the expense of the Manila treasury. The sending of the situado from Spain for the support of the islands was formerly a large factor in keeping the colony loyal, but since that has become unnecessary the one great check on the colony has disappeared. But separation now would mean that the whites would disappear in the mass of the natives, and would even become inferior to them. It is wrong to infer that the whites and the natives will work together, for there is a barrier be- tween them, and the recent outbreak in Tayabas can- not in any way be ascribed to the former. The salva- tion of the whites lies in agriculture, and great profits are to be acquired therein, although the Spaniards are loath to engage in such work. Their fields can be cultivated by Chinese labor, and by captured Moros, and contracts can be made, in addition, with individual Filipinos, under certain exemptions. Mas favors the system of indentured servants, for self-in- terest will dictate good treatment to them.
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