Use of Force by Military Components in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
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Imagining Peace Operations 2030
GCSP 25th Anniversary The New Normal? Imagining Peace Operations 2030 25 November 2020, GCSP, Online Speakers’ Biographies Mr Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah President, Centre for Strategies and Security in Sahel Sahara; Former UN Special Representative of the Secretary General to Burundi and Somalia; Former Minister for Foreign Affairs of Mauritania; and Member of the Panel of Experts on Peacebuilding University Studies Economy and Political Science in Grenoble and Paris. 1969 / 1984: Minister of Commerce and Transportatio Amb;assador to the United States; to the Benelux States and the European Union in Brussels, Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. 1985 / 1996: United Nations as Director at Headquarters, New York and Special Representative to the Secretary General (SRSG) in conflict affected Burundi 1993 / 95. 1996 / 2002, World Bank as the manager of the Think Tank Global Coalition for Africa chaired by Robert Mc Namara in Washington DC. 2002 / 2011 back to the United Nations as the Special Representative of the Secretary General to West Africa and later to Somalia. Then to the Headquarters for Special missions. In 2015 and 2019 member of the UN Secretary General Advisory Group of Experts on the Review of Peace Building Architecture and leader of the Secretary General Team to review the UN Office for the Central Africa Region (UNOCA). Founding member of Transparency International and is member of its Consultative Council. He also is member of a number of Advisory Boards of profits and non-profits organizations. He has published two books on his UN experience on conflict management: la Diplomatie Pyromane in 1996, Calmann Levy France; "Burundi on the Brink in 2000, US Institute of Peace and recently his Mémoires: ‘’Plutôt mourir que faillir " Ed Descartes et Cie, Paris 2017 translated in Arabic 2020. -
Decision-Making Process in Combat Operations
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN MILITARY COMBAT OPERATIONS 4120/002 10.2013 2000 10.2013 4120/002 International Committee of the Red Cross 19, avenue de la Paix 1202 Geneva, Switzerland T +41 22 734 60 01 F +41 22 733 20 57 E-mail: [email protected] www.icrc.org © ICRC, October 2013 DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN MILITARY COMBAT OPERATIONS PREFACE Every state has an obligation to ensure respect for the law of armed conflict. The ICRC is mandated to support states in these efforts and does so through a range of activities, including promoting the integration of appropriate com- pliance measures into military doctrine, education, training and sanctions, with a view to ensuring that behaviours of those engaged in armed conflict comply with the law. The present note is designed to support the integration of the Law of Armed Conflict into military decision-making processes, primarily at the operational level. It is not based on any specific national doctrine. It is designed to support those responsible for developing national doctrine and operational planning procedures in their efforts to integrate the Law of Armed Conflict into military practice. The desired outcome is staff procedures which ensure the development of military plans and orders that accurately and effectively integrate compliance with the Law of Armed Conflict into operational practice, thereby reducing the effects of armed conflict on those who do not, or no longer, participate in the hostilities. The techniques of warfare change rapidly, particularly at times when combat operations are commonplace. The humanitarian impact of conflict is timeless. The Law of Armed Conflict is designed to limit the humanitarian consequences of war. -
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations TABLE of CONTENTS Foreword / Messages the Police Division in Action
United Nations United Department of Peacekeeping Operations of Peacekeeping Department 12th Edition • January 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword / Messages The Police Division in Action 01 Foreword 22 Looking back on 2013 03 From the Desk of the Police Adviser From many, one – the basics of international 27 police peacekeeping Main Focus: Une pour tous : les fondamentaux de la 28 police internationale de maintien Vision and Strategy de la paix (en Français) “Police Week” brings the Small arms, big threat: SALW in a 06 30 UN’s top cops to New York UN Police context 08 A new vision for the UN Police UNPOL on Patrol Charting a Strategic Direction 10 for Police Peacekeeping UNMIL: Bringing modern forensics 34 technology to Liberia Global Effort Specific UNOCI: Peacekeeper’s Diary – 36 inspired by a teacher Afghan female police officer 14 literacy rates improve through MINUSTAH: Les pompiers de Jacmel mobile phone programme 39 formés pour sauver des vies sur la route (en Français) 2013 Female Peacekeeper of the 16 Year awarded to Codou Camara UNMISS: Police fingerprint experts 40 graduate in Juba Connect Online with the 18 International Network of UNAMID: Volunteers Work Toward Peace in 42 Female Police Peacekeepers IDP Camps Facts, figures & infographics 19 Top Ten Contributors of Female UN Police Officers 24 Actual/Authorized/Female Deployment of UN Police in Peacekeeping Missions 31 Top Ten Contributors of UN Police 45 FPU Deployment 46 UN Police Contributing Countries (PCCs) 49 UN Police Snap Shot A WORD FROM UNDER-SECRETARY-GENERAL, DPKO FOREWORD The changing nature of conflict means that our peacekeepers are increasingly confronting new, often unconventional threats. -
Blitzkrieg: the Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht's
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2021 Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era Briggs Evans East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Evans, Briggs, "Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era" (2021). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3927. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3927 This Thesis - unrestricted is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era ________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History ______________________ by Briggs Evans August 2021 _____________________ Dr. Stephen Fritz, Chair Dr. Henry Antkiewicz Dr. Steve Nash Keywords: Blitzkrieg, doctrine, operational warfare, American military, Wehrmacht, Luftwaffe, World War II, Cold War, Soviet Union, Operation Desert Storm, AirLand Battle, Combined Arms Theory, mobile warfare, maneuver warfare. ABSTRACT Blitzkrieg: The Evolution of Modern Warfare and the Wehrmacht’s Impact on American Military Doctrine during the Cold War Era by Briggs Evans The evolution of United States military doctrine was heavily influenced by the Wehrmacht and their early Blitzkrieg campaigns during World War II. -
Reconciling the Protection of Civilians and Host-State Support in UN Peacekeeping
MAY 2020 With or Against the State? Reconciling the Protection of Civilians and Host-State Support in UN Peacekeeping PATRYK I. LABUDA Cover Photo: Elements of the UN ABOUT THE AUTHOR Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s PATRYK I. LABUDA is a Postdoctoral Scholar at the (MONUSCO) Force Intervention Brigade Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy and a Non-resident and the Congolese armed forces Fellow at the International Peace Institute. The author’s undertake a joint operation near research is supported by the Swiss National Science Kamango, in eastern Democratic Foundation. Republic of the Congo, March 20, 2014. UN Photo/Sylvain Liechti. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper represent those of the author The author wishes to thank all the UN officials, member- and not necessarily those of the state representatives, and civil society representatives International Peace Institute. IPI welcomes consideration of a wide interviewed for this report. He thanks MONUSCO in parti - range of perspectives in the pursuit of cular for organizing a workshop in Goma, which allowed a well-informed debate on critical him to gather insights from a range of stakeholders.. policies and issues in international Special thanks to Oanh-Mai Chung, Koffi Wogomebou, Lili affairs. Birnbaum, Chris Johnson, Sigurður Á. Sigurbjörnsson, Paul Egunsola, and Martin Muigai for their essential support in IPI Publications organizing the author’s visits to the Central African Adam Lupel, Vice President Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Albert Trithart, Editor South Sudan. The author is indebted to Namie Di Razza for Meredith Harris, Editorial Intern her wise counsel and feedback on various drafts through - out this project. -
9 Interpol and the Emergence of Global Policing
Stalcup, Meg. 2013. “Interpol and the Emergence of Global Policing.” In Policing and Contemporary Governance: The Anthropology of Police in Practice. ed. William Garriott, 231- 261. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. Reproduced with permission of Palgrave Macmillan. This extract is taken from the author's original manuscript and has not been edited. The definitive version of this piece may be found in Policing and Contemporary Governance edited by William Garriott, which can be purchased from http://www.palgrave.com. 9 Interpol and the Emergence of Global Policing Meg Stalcup Introduction “The New Interpol is not simply a collection of databases and communication networks,” said Secretary General Ronald K. Noble to national representatives at Interpol’s 2002 annual assembly.1 “You have heard me use the expression—the Interpol police family. It is an expression that we wish to turn into reality” (Noble 2002). The organization, dedicated to police cooperation, had previously taken four to six months to transmit even high-profile requests for arrest between member nations. Notices were sent as photocopies, mailed by the cheapest and lowest priority postage available (ibid.).2 Modernization and reorganization, however, had just cut the time for priority notices to a single day. The Secretary General’s call for “police family” named the organization’s ambition to create fellowship through these exchanges. Interpol is not a police force. Neither national nor international laws are enforced by Interpol directly, nor do staff and seconded police officers working under its name make a state’s claim to the right of physical coercion (vide Weber), or to powers of investigation and arrest. -
Report on Violations of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law by the Allied Democratic Forces Armed
UNITED NATIONS JOINT HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICE OHCHR-MONUSCO Report on violations of human rights and international humanitarian law by the Allied Democratic Forces armed group and by members of the defense and security forces in Beni territory, North Kivu province and Irumu and Mambasa territories, Ituri province, between 1 January 2019 and 31 January 2020 July 2020 Table of contents Summary ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 I. Methodology and challenges encountered ............................................................................................ 7 II. Overview of the armed group Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) ................................................. 8 III. Context of the attacks in Beni territory ................................................................................................. 8 A. Evolution of the attacks from January 2015 to December 2018 .................................................. 8 B. Context of the attacks from 1 January 2019 and 31 January 2020 ............................................ 9 IV. Modus operandi............................................................................................................................................. 11 V. Human rights violations and abuses and violations of international humanitarian law . 11 A. By ADF combattants .................................................................................................................................. -
American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics
American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics Updated July 29, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32492 American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics Summary This report provides U.S. war casualty statistics. It includes data tables containing the number of casualties among American military personnel who served in principal wars and combat operations from 1775 to the present. It also includes data on those wounded in action and information such as race and ethnicity, gender, branch of service, and cause of death. The tables are compiled from various Department of Defense (DOD) sources. Wars covered include the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the Civil War, the Spanish-American War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam Conflict, and the Persian Gulf War. Military operations covered include the Iranian Hostage Rescue Mission; Lebanon Peacekeeping; Urgent Fury in Grenada; Just Cause in Panama; Desert Shield and Desert Storm; Restore Hope in Somalia; Uphold Democracy in Haiti; Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF); Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF); Operation New Dawn (OND); Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR); and Operation Freedom’s Sentinel (OFS). Starting with the Korean War and the more recent conflicts, this report includes additional detailed information on types of casualties and, when available, demographics. It also cites a number of resources for further information, including sources of historical statistics on active duty military deaths, published lists of military personnel killed in combat actions, data on demographic indicators among U.S. military personnel, related websites, and relevant CRS reports. Congressional Research Service American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................... -
Amphibious Warfare: Theory and Practice* Tomoyuki Ishizu
Amphibious Warfare: Theory and Practice* Tomoyuki Ishizu Introduction In December 2013, the Government of Japan released its first “National Security Strategy” and announced the “National Defense Program Guidelines for FY 2014 and beyond.” The new Guidelines set forth the buildup of “dynamic joint defense force,” calling for a sufficient amphibious operations capability by means of amphibious vehicles and tilt-rotor aircraft, for example, to cope with potential enemy attack against any of Japan’s remote islands. This paper analyzes amphibious warfare from a historical viewpoint to show its major framework and concept. It is no wonder that the scale and form of amphibious operations may differ significantly among states depending on their national strategy, status of military power in the national strategy, military objectives, and historical or geographical conditions. The reason is that the national strategy, which is prescribed according to the national history, geography, culture and more, determines the role of the nation’s military force and way of fighting. With all these facts taken into account, this paper attempts to propose a general framework for examining amphibious warfare, especially for amphibious operations, and to sort out ideas and terms used in such operations. 1. What are Amphibious Operations? (1) The issues surrounding their definition The first issue that one inevitably encounters in examining amphibious operations is the ambiguity surrounding their definition. Without a uniform understanding of the meaning of amphibious operations and of their associated concepts and terminologies, the actual execution of operations will likely be met with difficulties. Nevertheless, a uniform understanding or a “common language” for the associated concepts and terminologies has not been arrived at, not even in the United States, which has conducted many amphibious operations. -
UN Ministerial
The INTERPOL–United Nations Ministerial Meeting Remarks by Alain Le Roy, UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Singapore – 11 October 2009 Monsieur le Premier Ministre Adjoint Wong, Messieurs et Mesdames les Ministres, Monsieur le Président Khoo, Monsieur le Secrétaire Général, Je suis très heureux d’être parmi vous ce soir pour assurer, avec le Président de Singapour, le Premier Ministre Adjoint et M. Noble, l’ouverture de la réunion ministérielle d’INTERPOL et des Nations Unies. Cette réunion illustre la coopération croissante entre les organisations internationales et représente également une étape importante dans le partenariat entre INTERPOL et les Nations Unies. Comme le rôle des opérations de maintien de la paix conduites par les Nations Unies est de plus en plus complexe et UN Under-Secretary- multidimensionnel, l’engagement des Etats Membres et des autres General for Peacekeeping partenaires est absolument indispensable notamment pour faire face aux Operations Alain Le Roy défis rencontrer pour résoudre certains des conflits les plus difficiles du said that the clear link monde et ramener la paix. Il n’y a hélas à cet égard aucun signe qui puisse between crime and conflict nous laisser penser que ces défis vont diminuer. L’absence de bonne underlined the need for gouvernance, la corruption et le crime transnational sont les trois facteurs majeurs qui contribuent à l’instabilité politique et à l’insécurité greater co-operation with internationale en général. INTERPOL. Le rôle des Nations Unies dans le maintien de la paix L’activité de la police des Nations Unies est devenue également beaucoup plus complexe et a évolué de façon extraordinaire en termes d’ampleur et de couverture depuis le début des opérations de maintien de police dans les années 1960. -
Defense Primer: 75Th Anniversary of D-Day, June 6, 1944
May 28, 2019 Defense Primer: 75th Anniversary of D-Day, June 6, 1944 June 6, 2019, marks the 75th anniversary of the historic manned by Germans), as the main barrier to the invasion amphibious landing by Allied Forces on the coast of force. Allied leaders initially set June 5, 1944, as D-Day but Normandy, France, on June 6, 1944, during World War II on the morning of June 4, stormy weather over the English (1939-1945). D-Day marked the beginning of the Allied Channel forced Gen. Eisenhower to postpone the attack for campaign to liberate Europe from Nazi Germany. 24 hours to June 6 when a break in the weather was expected. Operation NEPTUNE was the code name given What is the “D” in D-Day? to the seaborne assault phase. See Figure 1. The “D” in D-Day is the designation for the first day of any important invasion or military operation. The days before Allied Landings on June 6, 1944 and after a D-Day are indicated using minus and plus signs, Before dawn on June 6, 1944, 13,000 paratroopers from (i.e., D-1 means one day before (June 5) while D+7 means three airborne divisions—the U.S. 82nd and 101st and the seven days after D-Day (June 13)). British 6th—parachuted and landed by glider behind targeted beaches. See Figure 2. Over 1,200 aircraft were D-Day Preparation and Operations used in the pre-landing drop. Allied naval forces, including At the Tehran Conference in August 1943, Allied leaders the U.S. -
S/2018/1183 Security Council
United Nations S/2018/1183 Security Council Distr.: General 31 December 2018 Original: English United Nations policing Report of the Secretary-General Summary In its resolution 2382 (2017), the Security Council requested that I submit a report on United Nations policing by the end of 2018. The present report, which is my third report on United Nations policing and my second report to the Council on this subject (see A/66/615 and S/2016/952), addresses: (a) the implications for the delivery of policing mandates stemming from the restructuring of the Secretariat’s peace and security architecture; (b) the strengthening of the operational and policy coherence of United Nations policing within the United Nations system; (c) the augmenting of the Organization’s capability, accountability and transparency; (d) planning for strategic police generation gaps and key skill sets; (e) initiatives to improve mission transitions and timely exits; and (f) the strengthening of partnerships between the United Nations and international, regional and subregional organizations. The report also outlines the recent successes of United Nations policing and the Police Division of the Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions, which will form part of the future Department of Peace Operations, and reflects on the essential role that United Nations police play in sustaining peace and implementing the Action for Peacekeeping initiative. The observations at the end of the report are intended to ensure that United Nations police can better respond to the increasingly complex demands placed upon them, while strengthening the role of the Police Division in discussions and processes related to peace, security and development.