KR0100974
KAERI/RR-2113/2000 M. JL M
A Study on the Establishment of Cooperative Relation and Cooperation direction between Korea and Egypt
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-§- SUMMARY
I . TITLE
A Study on the Establishment of Nuclear Cooperative Relations and Future direction between Korea and Egypt
H. OBJECTIVE AND NECESSITY OF THE STUDY
The Government has made the continuous policy efforts to export nuclear technology to abroad nuclear power market focused on developing countries based on matured national nuclear power industries and technological capabilities. From this point of views, it is necessary and important to strengthen the cooperative relations with developing countries having potential to introduce nuclear power plants in near future.
It is, therefore, needed to enhance the mutual understanding and to establish the cooperative relations for the promotion of cooperation in field of peaceful use and development of nuclear energy with these countries.
Recently, cooperative relations between Korean and Egypt are increasing and Egypt had requested Korea the promotion of cooperation for the peaceful use and development of nuclear energy.
It is important and necessary to establish the cooperative relations and future cooperative direction between two countries considering the Egyptian position, in particular, having political and diplomatical
- iv - influencing power and potential role as a bridgehead for the export of nuclear power technology in Northern African countries
HI. CONTENTS AND THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Major contents investigated in the study are as follows;
o Egyptian Policy for the use and development of nuclear energy
- Energy Policy and Nuclear Administration
o Current Status and prospects of the use and development of nuclear energy in Egypt
- Electricity generation and introduction of nuclear power plant
- Current Status and Prospects of Nuclear R and D activities
- Recent trends of international nuclear cooperation in Egypt
o Establishment cooperative relation and future directions of nuclear cooperation between two countries
- Exchanges of visits of nuclear cooperation delegations
- Holding of joint seminar and discussion of future cooperative directions
IV. MAJOR RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Egypt has appreciated highly Korean successful achievement in the past for the development of nuclear energy as a developing country
- v - and recently wishes strongly cooperation with Korea in order to construct nuclear power plant in Egypt in future through the reflection of Korean past experiences and policy development.
Egypt has also made, like other developing countries, a strong policy efforts in order to introduce nuclear power plant for the purposes of stable supply of electricity, securing the supplying capacity of water and mitigation of environmental problems, etc. since the early of 1980s continuously, At the same time, Egypt is also investigating funds for nuclear R & D and reaching at the level of advanced developing countries in field of nuclear energy.
During implementation of the project, the exchanges of visits of nuclear cooperation delegations were made and joint seminars were held in order to exchange of information and discussion for the promotion of nuclear cooperation between two countries, had resulted in successful establishment of cooperative relations and activated the cooperative activities between two countries. Recent policy trends in the use and development of nuclear energy in Egypt, were investigated including introduction of nuclear power plant.
Future cooperation between two countries were agreed as follows; 1) exchange of visits of cooperation delegation, 2) invitation of egypt experts to policy seminar 3) cooperaton between relevant nuclear related organizations of two countries, 4) future cooperation fields and directions between two countries. it can be recommended that long and short-term policy direction for the cooperation with Egypt should be established, and Considering the expecting competition with advanced nuclear countries such as USA, Japan, France and China in exporting nuclear power technologies, it
- vi - is also desirable to establish the national strategies and implementation system to carry out nuclear abroad business in effective and efficient manners, for example, nuclear desalination of sea water for Egypt.
At the same time, it is required to support nuclear cooperation relations in connection with national long- and mid-term nuclear R & D program and the past experiences in the implementation of nuclear technology self-reliance program as well as establishment of legal and institutional system consisted of related governmental ministries, industries and research organizations.
- VII - CONTENTS
Chapter I. Introduction 1
Chapter II. The current policy status of use and development of nuclear energy in Egypt 3
2.1 Introduction of Egypt 3 2.2 Nuclear Administration System of Egypt 7 2.3 Demand and Supply of Energy and Electricity in Egypt 8 2.3 Recent Trends of the Use and Development of Nuclear Energy in Egypt 10 2.4 Recent Trends of International Nuclear Cooperation in Egypt 17
Chapter III. The Establishment and Strengthening of Nuclear Cooperation between Korea and Egypt 20
3.1 Current Status of Nuclear Cooperation between Korea and Egypt 20 3.2 Major Research Results and Establishment of Cooperation Relation between Korea and Egypt 20
Chapter IV. Future Cooperation Direction between Korea and Egypt 22
Chapter V. Conclusion and Recommendations 23
References 25
Appendix 27
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- 25 - 15. Project Summaries for the Proposed 1999-2000 TC Programme, IAEA 16. Project Summaries for the Proposed 2001-2002 TC Programme,IAEA
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3. Minute of Joint Egyptian-Korean Nuclear Experts Meeting, Cairo, March 15-17, 1999
4. Record of Discussion for the Cooperation in the Peaceful Use and Development of Nuclear Science and Technology between Egypt and Korea, 27-31 August, 2000, Seoul
5. Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of Korea and the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt for Cooperation in the peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy
6. Current Status of Nuclear Energy Policy and R & D Activities in Egypt, Prof. A.H. Zahran, Chairman, AEA, August 2000
7. Possible Areas of Cooperation with Korea, Prepared by Egypt delegation, March 1999, Cairo, NPPA
8. Nuclear Power plants Authority, Dr. S.B. Abdel-Hamid, Chairman, NPPA
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o t : Mohamed Hosni : 1928^(72^1)
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o $•$ ATEF EBEID o iy-^4 ^^-^ ^ YOUSSEF AMIN WALI o JsM-f-S-?- %& IBRAHIM EL-DERNIRI o ^Hv-)*) *L ^ ALI EL-SAIDI o ^»g--f #£ Field Marshal MUHAMMAD HUSSEIN TANTAWI o ^JSL-f^ MUHAMMAD SAFWAT EL SHERIF o sJ^HMJ-3!: AMR MUHAMMAD MOUSSA o ^71^-?-^^: MOKHTAR KHATTAB o ^^^-^^ FAROUK SEIF EL NASR o ^JMN!: FAROUK ABDEL AZIZ HOSNI o ^]^7))^^-^-^- MOUSTAFA ABDUL KADAR o JE^-f^ HUSSEIN KAMEL BAHAA EDDINE o ^-fr-9-^^: SAMEH AMIN FAHMI o ifl^r-JMN!: HABIB IBRAHIM EL ADLY o ^l-tfl^^-f^ YOUSSEF BOUTROS GHALI o ^^rtt %& KAMAL MUHAMMAD AL SHAZLI o ^^f^ MUHAMMAD MAMDOUH AHMAD AL BELTAGI o ^^flihsh* ^ MUHAMMAD ZAKI ABU AMER o ^Jf^ MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM SULEIMAN o MHI^-f^ ^ SAYED MISHAAL o 3ff~f3-3: AHMAD AHMAD EL AMAWI o -^S^^ HASSAN KHEDR o ^ll^r-T1^ MEDHAT HASSANEIN o ^1^^ *M AHMED EL-DARSH o ^:a*11-*HMN!: MAHMOUD HAMDY ZAQZOUK o ^^^>€^-^-^r MOUSTAFA EL-REFAIE o Ji^JMN: ISMAIL AWAD-ALLAH SALLAM o S-f-jiL^-J?-^ ^ 4%V7]#^^ 4^ MUFID MAHMOUD SHEHAB o ^-^^^ ^ ^rAQ^:?)^^: MAHMOUD ABDEL HALEIM ABU ZEID o ^4*1-?-^ AMINA EL-GUINDY o *^ ^"^ ^-^ NADIA MAKRAM EBEID o ^i^^l *^ AHMED NAZEEF o SQI-Si--^i^ *M ALI EDDIN HILAL 1) President of Supreme Council - Research Centers, Institutes, - Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, - Technical and Technological Consulting Studies and Research Fund.
2) The Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT) o 1971^
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o ^T2-^^ 136*3 10) The Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute(EPRI) o 1976^ ^(Nasr City)
11) Central Metallurgical Research Development Institute(CMRDI) o 1984^
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12) Electronic Research institute(ERI) o 1989^ ^^
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1998^ Minutes of Joint Egyptian-Korean Experts Meeting, Cairo, March 15-17, 1999
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10. 1 SMART El-Dabaa^ SMARTS *>3.»
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5) ^ S. Dr. I.D. Abdel Razek Dr. S.B. Abdel Hamid Minutes of Joint Egyptian-Korean Nuclear Experts Meeting Cairo, March 15 • 17. 1999
1. During the visit of H. E. the Prime Minister of ROK to Egypt on Feb. 6, 1999, it was agreed to dispatch Korean team of experts for peaceful uses of nuclear energy to Egypt for the purpose of establishing a cooperative relations regarding nuclear energy research ' of radioactive isotopes for industry, agriculture and medicine.
2. A Korean delegation visited Cairo from 15 to 17 March 1999 to discuss with Egyptian counterpart the areas of mutual interest and to establish cooperative relations in the fields of peaceful uses ot nuclear energy and beginning with the fields of: radioisotopes production and use for industry, agriculture and medicine; and the use of nuclear power for seawater desalination.
3. The experts from both sides held meetings in a .cordial and friendly atmosphere. Both sides expressed general interest to establish good and -solid cooperation relations. The counsellor of. the Korean Embassy in Cairo, attended the meetings. The list oi the participants in the meetings is attached (Annex 1).
4. The Egyptian delegation welcomed the Korean delegation and briefly explained the organization strupture of the Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE), the mandates of Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Nuclear Material Authority (NMA), and Nuclear Power Plants Authority (NPPA). The main activities in the AEA had been indicated with special reference to the capabilities of the new research reactor. NPPA described the running studies to: a) investigate the feasibility of nuclear power reactor at El-Dabaa to generate electricity and produce potable water from seawater b) assess the options and strategies of electricity generation in Egypt up to 2020.
16.3.1999 (2)
5. The nuclear energy activities in Korea have been surnrnari2ed by the Korean delegation.They described the nuclear- related organizations and their responsibilities, the nuclear energy promotion plan, nuclear power development program, R&D fields, and the main nuclear safety activities.
6. The Korean delegation identified .the following three areas for future cooperation: a. Radioisotopes production and.use. b. Seawater desalination using nuclear energy. c. Safety and regulatory matters.
Egyptian delegation proposed to add the following areas: a. Material and fuel testing. b. Cold neutron source applications. c. Boron neutron capature therapy (BNCT). d. • Development of national SSAC of nuclear material
Both delegation accepts the cooperation in the above mentioned iieJds.
7. Both sides believe that they have facilities and manpower which presents a good solid base to establish cooperative relation for the benefit of both countries. The cooperation can be done through the exchange of information, joint projects, exchange of experts, and/or training.
B. The Korean team asked to visit the Egytian facilities. AEA arranged a visit to the Second Research Reactor (ERR-2) and its fuel fabrication facility on Mon. 15 March 1999..
9. The discussions between the two delegation showed that there are several areas of interest, and' the mutual cooperation will have benefits for both countries. The Korean delegation will respond to the Egyptian request to cooperate in maximizing the utilization of ERFV2, and developing the capabilities for production of radio isotopes and its application in medicine, industry and agriculture. 16.3.1999 (3)
10. The Korean delegation indicated their readiness to cooperate in the field of seawater nuclear desalination in principle and will investigate the possibilities for the participation of Egyptian engineers in the activities related \o the design of SMART reactor. The Egyptian side will be informed by the details through appropriate channels. NPPA will investigate the possibility to include SMART reactor as a candidate in the feasibility study foT the construction of a nuclear power plant at El-Dabaa to generate electricity and produce potable water.
11, The Korean delegation has kindly forward an invitation to the Egyptian side to nominate experts to visit" the Korean nuclear facilities and discuss in more detail plans for future mutual cooperation as well as. means of enhancing cooperation programmes. That will be based on the fruitful, outcome of, .the. present visit of the Korean delegation to Egypt. .A special priority shall be given to the areas of maximizing the utilization of Egypt second research reactor, fuel testing and seawater nuclear desalination. To secure the efficient management of bilateral programmes "the two countries shall nominate their respective liaison officer for that purpose as soon as possible.
12. Korean delegation expressed their deep thanks for Egyptian side's arrangements for the meeting, the visit to the reactor site, and hospitalities they showed during Korean team's stay in Cairo.
Done in English and duly singed in Cairo, IS March 1999.
For Korean Delegation For Egyptian Delegation
Mr. Choi, Kunmo Dr. I. D. Abdel Razek' Dr. S. B. Abdel Hamid
16.3:1999 (4)
Egyptian Delegation
1. Dr. S. B. Abdel Hamid 2. Dr, Ibrahim D. Abdelrazek 3. Dr. Morsy S. El-Tahawy 4. Dr. M. Khorshid Fayek 5. Dr. Mohamed A. Gaafar 6. Dr. Ahmed H. Many 7. Dr. W. A. Ornar 8. Mr. Amgad Shokr
Korean Delegation
1. Mr. Choi, Kun-rno Director General for Nuclear Safety and Safeguards 2. Dr. Chung, Burn-Jin Deputy Director, Atomic Energy R&D Division 3. Dr. Yoo, Kun Joong Vice President HANARO Utilization Development" 4. Dr. Yang, Maeng ho Principal Researcher, Nuclear Policy Research Team 5. Mr. Kwon, Seog geun Senior Advisor, Radiation Safety Cenier
16.3.1999 • oi^
1. Dr. S. B. Abdel Hamid
2. Dr. Ibraham D. Abdelrazek
3. Dr. Morsy S. LE-Tahawy
4. Dr. M. Khorshid Fayek
5. Dr. Mohamed A. Gaafar
6. Dr. Ahmed H. Mariy
7. Dr. W.A. Omar
8. Mr. Amgad Shokr
•
1. Mr. Choi, Kun-mo, Director General for Nuclear Safety and Safeguards
2. Dr. Chung Bum-jin, Deputy Director, Atomic Energy R&D Division
3. Dr. Yoo, Kun-Joong, Vice president, HANARO Utilization Development
4. Dr. Yang, Maeng-ho, Principal Researcher, nuclear Policy Research Team
5. Mr. Kwon, Seog-keun, Senior Advisor, Radiation Safety Center n m
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I5J 5 UJI o Record of Discussion for the Cooperation in the Peaceful Use and Development of Nuclear Science and Technology between Egypt and Korea, 27-31 August, 2000, Seoul
Egyptian nuclear cooperation delegation, led by Dr. S. B. Abdel Hamid, Chairman, Egyptian Nuclear Power Plants Authority(NPPA), and Dr. A. Hussin Zahran, Chairman of Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority(AEA), paid an official visit to Korea at the invitation of Mr. Hun-Gyu Lee, Director General, Nuclear Energy Bureau, the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST), from 27 August to 31 August 2000.
Mr. Hun-Gyu Lee, Director General, Nuclear Energy Bureau, the Ministry of Science and Technology, welcomed the Egyptian delegation and hoped to establish the closer cooperative partnerships for the 21" century between two countries. Dr. S. B. Abdel Hamid, head of the delegation, thanked for warm welcome and well prepared arrangement and hospitality of Korean side.
During the visit, Dr. S. B. Abdel Hamid and his delegation had exchanged fruitful opinions with Mr. Hun-Gyu::Lee, Director General, Nuclear Energy Bureau, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and visited nuclear related organizations and had fruitful discussion to strengthen the cooperative activities in tne peaceful use and development of nuclear science and technology between Egypt and Korea. Major contents of the discussions are the following:
1. Both sides presented the current status of the peaceful use and development of nuclear science and technology, and Korean side presented Korean experiences and achievements in developing nuclear technologies in the past.
2. Both sides agreed that nuclear cooperation agreement between two countries is very important in establishing the closer cooperative partnerships in the peaceful use and development of nuclear energy for the 21st century between two countries. 3. Based on the ROD concluded at the meeting in Cairo in March 1999, both * sides agreed to activate the cooperation activities of following fields; radioisotope production and application, and utilization and operation of nuclear research reactor - sea water desalination by nuclear energy and introduction of nuclear power plant in Egypt - development of national SSAC of nuclear materials, exchange of experts and information, etc.
4. Both sides agreed to conclude cooperation agreement between Atomic energy Authority and Nuclear Power Plant Authority of Egypt and Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute and corresponding other organizations of Korean side and ready for signature in the near future.
5. Korean side proposed to invite Egyptian experts to attend the nuclear policy seminar to be held at KAERI in the year 2001 and Egyptian side agreed to inform Korean side of names of experts to attend at the seminar.
Done in Seoul, on August 31,2000 In duplicate on the English language.
On behalf of the MOST On behalf of the Egyptian Delegation Republic of Korea
^GVu Lee Dr. A. H. Zahran Dr. S.B.Abdel Hamid Director General, Chairman, AEA Chairman, NPPA Bureau of Nuclear Energy C99.ll.12
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"^-fl€i 235 Sfe 233^-S ^^ ^-B}^"O]4 ^-^r ^-^^i 235 £^ 233, 235S] %-3)Q± 238^1 (3) " 2353 A 4-I-, ^^ III ^^ II 2} ^ HI]*) , 7] ^f-g- II III "5" a I II 1. *HW 2 kg ol# 500 g 2:4 15 g 2:4 2 kg nl n} 500g ol^ 2. -^-e}-^--235 5 kg ©1^- 1 kg 2:4 15 g o]AoT- ^^•SL7} 20% 5 kg <>1*V 1 kg o"|§> 10 kg ol^V 1 kg 2:4 ^^£7> 10% 10 kg n]n> °]$ 20% - -f ^^-23531 10 kg °}s$ ^l-S 10% 3. -f eHr-233 nl^A>« 2 kg o]^ 500 g 2:4 15 g 2:4 2 kg n]-p> 500 g ol *> -^"1 "o1 ^ °^ -S- (^ "§• "i-ir^i 10% a) 8096 b) 1 Gy (100 rd) c) ^-g- nw) 451- d) 45}- Gy(100 rd)-!: AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT FOR COOPERATION IN THE PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY *x*» ,» The Government of the Republic of Korea and the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt (hereinafter referred to as "the Parties"); Noting that the utilization of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is an important factor for the promotion of the social and economic development of the two countries; Desiring to strengthen the basis of friendly relations existing between the two countries; Recognizing that both countries are Member States of the International Atomic Energy Agency (hereinafter referred to as "the IAEA") and Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (hereinafter referred to as "the Treaty"); Reaffirming to the highest priority on nuclear safety and environmental protection in both countries in the course of implementing their nuclear programmes; Bearing in mind the common desire of both countries to expand and strengthen cooperation, on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, in the development and application of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes; Have agreed as follows: ARTICLE I For the purposes of this Agreement; (a) "Equipment" means any equipment listed in Part A of Annex A to this Agreement; (b) "Material" means any material listed in Part B of Annex A to this Agreement; (c) "Nuclear material" means any source material or any special fissionable material as these terms are defined in Article XX of the Statute of the IAEA which is attached as Annex B to this Agreement. Any determination by the Board of Governors of the IAEA under Article XX of the Agency's Statute, which amends the list of material considered to be "source material" or "special fissionable material", shall only have effect under this Agreement when the Parties to this Agreement have informed each other in writing that they accept such an amendment; (d) "Persons" means individuals, firms, corporations, companies, partnerships, associations and other entities private or governmental and their respective agents and local representatives, but the term "persons" shall not include "governmental enterprises" as defined in the next paragraph (e) of this Article; (e) "Governmental enterprise" means an enterprise under the jurisdiction of a Party which that Party has designated to the other Party in writing as a governmental enterprise; (f) "Technology" means technical data in physical form designated by the supplying Party as important for the design, construction, operation or maintenance of equipment, but excluding data available to the public. ARTICLE II 1. Subject to this Agreement, the areas of cooperation between the Parties may include, but not limited to: (a) basic and applied research and development with respect to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy; (b) research, development, design, construction, operation and maintenance of nuclear power plants or research reactors; (c) manufacture and supply of nuclear fuel elements to be used in nuclear power plants or research reactors; (d) nuclear fuel cycle starting from exploration and exploitation of nuclear ores up to radioactive waste management; (e) production and application of radioactive isotopes in industry, agriculture and medicine; (f) nuclear safety, radiation protection and environmental protection; (g) nuclear safeguards and physical protection; and (h) nuclear policy and manpower development. 2. The cooperation under paragraph 1 of this Article may be undertaken in the following forms: (a) exchange and training of scientific and technological personnel; (b) exchange of scientific and technological information and data; (c) organization of symposia, seminars and working groups; (d) transfer of nuclear material, material, equipment and technology; (e) provision of relevant technological consultancy and services; (f) joint research or projects on subjects of mutual interest; (g) access to and use of nuclear research and development facilities; (h) licensing arrangements and transfer of patent rights; and (i) other forms as may be agreed upon by the Parties. ARTICLE III 1. The Parties shall, on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, cooperate in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and their applicable laws and regulations. 2. Transfer of information, nuclear material, material, equipment and technology under this Agreement may be undertaken between the Parties, governmental enterprises or persons authorized by either Party. Such transfer shall be subject to this Agreement and to such additional terms and conditions as may be agreed by the Parties. 3. Any information exchanged in conformity with the provisions of this Agreement may be used freely, except in the cases where the Party, governmental enterprises or authorized persons providing such information have previously made known the restrictions and reservations concerning its use and dissemination. 4. The Parties shall take all appropriate measures in accordance with their respective laws and regulations to preserve the restrictions and reservations of information and to protect intellectual property rights including commercial and industrial secrets transferred between governmental enterprises or authorized persons within the jurisdiction of either Party. For the purpose of this Agreement, intellectual property is understood to have the meaning given in Article 2 of the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, done at Stockholm on 14 July 1967. ARTICLE IV Nuclear material, material, equipment and technology transferred pursuant to this Agreement and special fissionable material produced through the use of nuclear material, material or equipment transferred pursuant to this Agreement shall not be transferred beyond the jurisdiction of the receiving Party to a third party unless the Parties agree. ARTICLE V 1. Uranium transferred pursuant to this Agreement or used in any equipment so transferred shall not be enriched to twenty(20) percent or more in the isotope U-235 unless the Parties agree. 2. Nuclear material transferred pursuant to this Agreement and nuclear material used in or produced through the use of nuclear material, material or equipment so transferred shall not be reprocessed unless the Parties agree. 3. Such agreement in the previous paragraphs in this Article shall describe the conditions under which the resultant plutonium or uranium enriched to twenty(20) percent or more may be stored and used. ARTICLE VI Nuclear material, material, equipment and technology transferred pursuant to this Agreement and special fissionable material used in or produced through the use of nuclear material, material or equipment so transferred shall not be used for the development or the manufacture of nuclear weapons or any nuclear explosive device, or for any military purpose. ARTICLE VII 1. With respect to nuclear material, the commitment contained in Article VI of this Agreement shall be verified pursuant to the safeguards agreement between either Party and the IAEA, in connection with the Treaty. 2. If, for any reason or at any time, the IAEA is not administering such safeguards within the jurisdiction of a Party, that Party shall forthwith enter into arrangements with the other Party which conform to the IAEA safeguards principles and procedures for the application of safeguards to nuclear material transferred pursuant to this Agreement. ARTICLE VIII The Parties shall maintain adequate physical 'protection measures, in accordance with levels set forth in Annex C to this Agreement, with respect to nuclear material and equipment transferred pursuant to this Agreement and nuclear material used in or produced through the use of nuclear material, material or equipment so transferred within their respective jurisdictions. These measures shall as a minimum provide protection comparable to the recommendations set forth in the IAEA document INFCIRC/225/Rev.4 concerning the physical protection of nuclear material, or in any revision of that document agreed by the Parties. ARTICLE IX The Parties shall consult, with regard to activities under this Agreement, to identify nuclear safety and international environmental implications arising from such activities and shall cooperate in preventing nuclear accidents arising from nuclear facilities transferred pursuant to this Agreement and in protecting the international environment from radioactive, chemical or thermal contamination arising from such activities under this Agreement. ARTICLE X 1. Nuclear material, material and equipment shall remain subject to this Agreement until: (a) such items have been transferred beyond the jurisdiction of the receiving Party in accordance with the provisions of Article IV of this Agreement; (b) in the case of nuclear material, a determination is made that it is no longer usable nor practicably recoverable for processing into a form in which it is usable for any nuclear activity relevant from the point of view of safeguards referred to in Article VII of this Agreement. Both Parties shall accept a determination made by the IAEA in accordance with the provisions for the termination of safeguards of the relevant safeguards agreement to which the IAEA is a party; or (c) otherwise agreed upon between the Parties. 2. Technology shall remain subject to this Agreement until otherwise agreed upon between the Parties. ARTICLE XI If either Party at any time following entry into force of this Agreement: (a) does not comply with the provisions of Article IV, V, VI, VII, or VIII; (b) terminates or materially violates a safeguards agreement with the IAEA; or (c) detonates a nuclear explosive device; the other Party shall have the right to cease further cooperation under this Agreement suspend or terminate this Agreement. ARTICLE XII 1. The Parties shall meet from time to time and consult with each other, at the request of either Party, to review the operation of this Agreement or to consider matters arising from its implementation. 2. Any dispute arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement shall be settled amicably by negotiation or consultation between the Parties. 3. If a dispute cannot be settled by means of mutual negotiation or consultation, it may, at the request of either Party, be submitted to an arbitral tribunal for its decision. Such arbitral tribunal shall be constituted ad hoc by mutual agreement between the Parties, in accordance with international practice. ARTICLE XIII The Annexes of this Agreement form an integral part of this Agreement. They may be amended with the written consent of both Parties without the revision of this Agreement. ARTICLE XIV 1. This Agreement shall enter into force on the date on which the Parties exchange diplomatic notes informing each other that they have completed all necessary legal requirements for its entry into force. 2. This Agreement shall remain in force for a period of thirty (30) years, and shall be automatically extended for subsequent periods of five (5) years each, unless either Party notifies, in writing, the other Party of its intention to terminate it six (6) months prior to its expiry. 3. This Agreement may be amended at any time with the written consent of both Parties. Any such amendment shall enter into force in accordance with the procedures stipulated in paragraph 1 of this Article. 4. Notwithstanding expiration or termination of this Agreement, the obligations contained in Articles IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and X of this Agreement shall remain in force until otherwise agreed upon by the Parties. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized for this purpose by their respective Governments, have signed this Agreement. Done in duplicate, at , this day of , in the Korean, Arabic and English languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail. FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT ANNEX A Part A Equipment (1) Complete nulcear reactors: Nuclear reactors capable of operation so as to maintain a controlled self-sustaining fission chain reaction, excluding zero energy reactors, the latter being defined as reactors with a designed maximum rate of production of plutonium not exceeding lOOgrams per year. (2) Nuclear reactor vessels: Metal vessels, as complete units or as major shop-fabricated parts therefor, especially designed or prepared to contain the core of a nuclear reactor as defined in paragraph (1) above, as well as relevant reactor internals as defined in paragraph (8) below. (3) Nuclear reactor fuel charging and discharging machines: Manipulative equipment especially designed or prepared for inserting or removing fuel in a nuclear reactor as defined in paragraph (1) above. (4) Nuclear reactor control rods and equipment: Especially designed or prepared rods, support or suspension structures therefore, rod drive mechanisms or rod guide tubes to control the fission process in a nuclear reactor as defined in paragraph (1) above. (5) Nuclear reactor pressure tubes: Tubes which are especially designed or prepared to contain fuel elements and the primary coolant in a reactor as defined in paragraph (1) above at an operating pressure in excess of 50 atmospheres. (6) Zirconium tubes: Zirconium metal and alloys in the form of tubes or assemblies of tubes, and in quantities exceeding 500 kg in any period of 12 months, especially designed or prepared for use in a reactor as defined in paragraph(l) above, and in which the relation of hafnium to zirconium is less than 1:500 parts by weight. (7) Primary coolant pumps: Pumps especially designed or prepared for circulating the primary coolant for nuclear reactors as defined in paragraph (1) above. (8) Nuclear reactor internals: "Nuclear reactor internals" especially designed or prepared for use in a nuclear reactor as defined in paragraph (1) above, including support columns for the core, fuel channels, thermal shields, baffles, core grid plates, and diffuser plates. (9) Heat exchanger: Heat exchangers (steam generators) especially designed or prepared for use in the primary coolant circuit of a nuclear reactor as defined in paragraph (1) above. (10) Neutron detection and measuring instruments: Especially designed or prepared neutron detection and measuring instruments for determining neutron flux level within the core of a reactor as defined paragraph (1) above. (11) Plants for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel elements, and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor: Plant for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel elements includes the equipment and components which normally come in direct contact with and directly control the irradiated fuel and the major nuclear material and fission product processing streams. (12) Plants for the fabrication of fuel elements, and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor. (13) Plants for the separation of isotopes of uranium and equipment, other than analytical instruments, especially designed or prepared therefor. (14) Plants for the production or concentration of heavy water, deuterium and deuterium compounds and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor. (15) Plants for the conversion of uranium and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor. Part B Material (1) Deuterium and heavy water: Deuterium, heavy water(deuterium oxide) and any deuterium compound in which the ratio of deuterium to hydrogen exceeds 1:5000 for use in a nuclear reactor, as defined in paragraph (1) of Part A to this Annex, in quantities exceeding 200 kg of deuterium atoms in any period of 12 months. (2) Nuclear grade graphite: Graphite having a purity level better than 5 parts per million boron equivalent and with a density greater than 1.50 g/cm3 for use in a nuclear reactor, as defined in paragraph (1) of Part A to this Annex, in quantities exceeding 30 metric tons in any period of 12 months. ANNEX B Article XX of the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency Definitions As used in this Statute: (1) The term "special fissionable material" means plutonium-239; uranium-233; uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233; any material containing one or more of the foregoing; and such other fissionable material as the Board of Governors shall from time to time determine but the term "special fissionable material" does not include source material. (2) The term "uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233" means uranium containing the isotopes 235 or 233 or both in an amount such that the abundance ratio of the sum of these isotopes to the isotope 238 is greater than the ratio of the isotope 235 to the isotope 238 occurring in nature. (3) The term "source material" means uranium containing the mixture of isotopes occurring in nature; uranium depleted in the isotope 235; thorium; any of the foregoing in the form of metal, alloy, chemical compound, or concentrate; any other material containing one or more of the foregoing in such concentration as the Board of Governors shall from time to time determine; and such other materials as the Board of Governors shall from time to time determine. ANNEX C Levels of Physical Protection Measures Pursuant to Article VIII, the agreed levels of physical protection to be ensured by the competent national authorities in the use, storage and transportation of the materials listed in the attached table shall as a minimum include protection characteristics as below. Category III Use and storage within an area to which access is controlled. Transportation under special precautions including prior arrangements among sender, recipient and carrier, and prior agreement between entities subject to the jurisdiction and regulation of supplier and recipient States, respectively, in case of international transport, specifying time, place and procedures for transferring transport responsibility. Category II Use and storage within a protected area to which access is controlled, i.e., an area under constant surveillance by guards or electronic devices, surrounded by a physical barrier with a limited number of points of entry under appropriate control, or any area with an equivalent level of physical protection. Transportation under special precautions including prior arrangements among sender, recipient and carrier, and prior agreement between entities subject to the jurisdiction and regulation of supplier and recipient States, respectively, in case of international transport, specifying time, place and procedures for transferring transport responsibility. Category I Material in this category shall be protected with highly reliable systems against unauthorized use as follows: Use and storage within a highly protected area, i.e., a protected area as defined for Category II above, to which, in addition, access is restricted to persons whose trustworthiness has been determined, and which is under surveillance by guards who are in close communication with appropriate response forces. Specific measures taken in this context should have as their objective the detection and prevention of any assault, unauthorized access or unauthorized removal of material. Transportation under special precautions as identified above for transportation of Category II and III materials and, in addition, under constant surveillance by escorts and under conditions which assure close communication with appropriate response forces. Table Categorization of Nuclear Material Category Material Form I II IIIC' 1.Plutonium'" Unirradiated1" 2 kg or more Less than 2 kg |500g or less but more than :but more than 500 g J15 g 2.Uranium-235 Unirradiated11' 1 - uranium 5 kg or more Less than 5 kg !l kg or less enriched to but more than 1 but more than 20% 235U or kg 115 g more - uranium 10 kg or more Less than 10 enriched to kg but more 10% 235U but than 1 kg less than 20% 235U - uranium 10 kg or more enriched above natural, but less than 10% 235U 3.Uranium-233 Unirradiated"' 2 kg or more Less than 2 kg 500g or less but more than but more than 500 g 15 g 4.Irradiated fuei Depleted or natural uranium, thorium or low-enriched fuel (less than 10% fossile content)1-1' e) a) All plutonium except that with isotopic concentration exceeding 80% in plutonium-238. b) Material not irradiated in a reactor or material irradiated in a reactor but with a radiation level equal to or less than 1 Gy/hr (100 rd/h) at one metre unshielded. c) Quantities not falling in Category III and natural uranium, depleted uranium and thorium should be protected in accordance with prudent management practice. d) Although this level of protection is recommended, it would be open to States, upon evaluation of the specific circumastances, to assign a different category of physical protection. e) Other fuel which by virtue of its original fissile material content is classified as Category I or II before irradiation may be reduced one category level while the radiation level from the fuel exceeds 1 Gy/hr (100 rd/h) at one metre unshielded BY PROF. A.BL ZAHRAN. CHAIRMAN, AEA, CAIRO, EGYPT AUGUST 2000 1 - GENERAL BACKGROUND: - THE AEA WAS ESTABLISHD IN 1955 . MANDATE: TO ENABLE THE COUNTRY TO USE THE ATOMIC ENERGY IN PEACEFUL APPLICATIONS : SCIENTIFIC, MEDICAL, INDUSTRIAL, AGRICULTURAL, AND OTHERS TO COPE WITH WORLD PROGRESS IN THESE FIELDS. . DEVELOPMENT EARLY AEA PROJECTS HAVE DEVELOPED INTO TWO NATIONAL AUTHORITIES IN THE NUCLEAR FIELDS NAMELY: THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AUTHORITY (1976) THE NUCLEAR MATERIALS AUTHORITY (1977) IN ADDITION TO SEVERAL OTHER AUTONOMOUS CENTRES AND PROJECTS. EGYPT'S INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENT TO THE PEACEFUL USES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY : EGYPT IS ONE OF THE CORE GROUP OF COUNTRIES THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE FORMULATION OF NPT. SIGNED NPT IN 1968 RATIFIED NPT IN 1981 SIGNED THE COMPREHENSIVE SAFEGUARDS AGREEMENT IN 1982 (INFCIRC/153) PARTY TO MANY IAEA AGREEMENTS IN THE PEACEFUL APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR ENERGY; e.g. - THE VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE CIVIL LIABILITY FOR THE NUCLEAR DAMAGE (1965). - THE CONVENTION ON ASSISTANCE IN CASE OF A NUCLEAR ACCIDENT (1989). - THE CONVENTION ON NUCLEAR SAFETY (1994). THE AFRICAN NUCLEAR WEAPON (1989) FREE ZONE TREATY TREATY (1996). THE CONVENTION OF EARLY NOTIFICATION OF A NUCLEAR ACCIDENT (1998). EGYPT ALSO PARTICIPATED IN IAEA ACTIVITIES REGARDING STRENGTHENING THE EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE NUCLEAR SAFE- GUARDS SYSTEM. EGYPT EMPHASIZED CONSTANTLY ON THE PRINCIPLE OF APPLYING SAFEGUARDS ACTIONS ON A UNIVERSAL AND A NON-DISCRIMINATORY MANNER. 3 - CURRENT NUCLEAR ENERGY POLICY IN EGYPT . THIS IS BASED ON ENHANCING THE UTILIZATION OF THE PEACEFUL APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR ENERGY TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIETY AND THE WELFARE OF THE EGYPTIAN PEOPLE. B THREE NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ARE WORKING IN THE NUCLEAR FIELD. ALL COME UNDER THE DIRECT AUTHORITY OF THE MINISTER OF ELECTRICITY AND ENERGY: - THE ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY (AEA) WHICH IS AN R&D ORGANIZATION. - THE NUCLEAR MATERIALS AUTHORITY, (NMA), ALSO AN R & D ORGANIZATION. - THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AUTHORITY (NPPA), WHICH IS AN EXCUTIVE ORGANIZATION HAVING THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. RESIDENT BOARD OF DIRECTORS ' GENERAL SECRETARIAT (ADMEN. AND FINANCE) SECURITY • BASIC NUC.SCIENCES • REACTORS • MATERIAL AND NUC INDUST B RADIOISOTOPE APPLICATIONS • RADIOISOTOPES • FUEL TREATMENT • RADWASTE TREATMENT H RADIATION RESEARCH ^p TECHNOLOGY DIVISIONS • INDUSTRIAL IRRADIATION • BIOTECHNOLOGY NUCLEAR REGULATIONS NATIONAL CENTRE FOR AND EMERGENCIES NUCLEAR SAFETY AND DIVISIONS RADIATION CONTROL RADIATION CONTROL SAFETY OF NUCLEAR ; ; : ::-•;; • -: ' 4.2-THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR RADIATION RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY « RADIATION RESEARCH • INDUSTRIAL RADIATION APPLICATIONS • BIOTECHNOLOGY • MAJOR FACILITIES: A 0.5 MEGA CURIE COBALT SOURCE A 1.5 MEV ELECTRON ACCELERATOR. 4.3- THE HOT LABORATORY AND WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTRE : IS DEVOTED TO RADIO-ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AS WELL AS WASTE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES. IT HOUSES A LOW & MEDIUM LEVEL LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT STATION (20M3/D) AND A CEMENTATION PLANT. IT ALSO CARRIES OUT R & D ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE BACK END OF THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE 4.4- THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR NUCLEAR SAFETY & RADIATION CONTROL. THIS CENTRE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR REGULATORY AND SAFETY ASPECTS OF ALL NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES. IT OPERATES THE NATIONAL NETWORK OF RADIATION MONITORING WHICH INCORPORATES STAIONS ALL OVER EGYPT. THIS IS SUPPLEMENTED BY THREE HIGHLY ADVANCED MOBILE LABORATORIES. THE CENTRE IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL IAEA- RELATED NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS ACTIVITIES IN THE AEA. 5- R&D ACTIVITIES IN THE AEA 5.1 - R & D IN BASIC NUCLEAR SCIENCES : - MATH, THEORITICAL EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, ACCELERATORS AND ION SOURCES. 5.2 - UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS: • TWO REACTORS: 1 MWt 1012n/cm7s 22 MWt lG"n/cm713. s • RESEARCH IN BASIC NEUTRON PHYSICS. NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS RADIOISOTOPE PRODUCTION • PRODUCTION OF CO-60 SOURCES • MATERIAL & FUEL TESTING • REACTOR ENGINEERING RESEARCH • THERMOHYDRAULICS RESEARCH • SILICON DOPING 5. 3 - FRONT END OF THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE: * R&.D IN NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE & REACTOR MATERIALS * R&D IN THE AREA OF NUCLEAR REACTOR MATERIALS: * MECHANICAL-CORROSION-RADIATION DAMAGE, CERAMICS ...ETC * ELECTRONICS RESEARCH. 5.4- BACK END OF THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE: - RESEARCH ON LOW AND MEDIUM INCINERATION OF SOLIHOW LEVEL WASTE (A 15 KG/H LOW SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR) - LOW AND MEDIUM LEVEL LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT (A 20 M3/D LIQUID WASTE STATION, AND A CEMENTATION PLANT) - RESEARCHES ON WASTE IMMOBILIZATION. 5.5 - RADIATI ON PROTECTION AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH. 5.6 - R & D IN THE FIELD OF BASIC RADIATION SCIENCES AND THE APPLICATION OF GAMMA RADIATION, IN INDUSTRY, AND IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (A 0.5 MEGA CURIE GAMMA CG-60 SOURCE) 5.7 -R&D IN THE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATORS. (1.5 MEV , ELECTRON ACCELERATOR) 5.8- R&D IN RADIOISOTOPES AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS 5.9- THE CYCLOTRON ACCELERATOR APPLICATIONS : * A CHARGED PARTICLE ACCELERATOR, 20 MEV, BEAM CURRENT ABOUT 50 JIA (PROTONS, DEUTRONS & HELIUM-3 AND HELIUM-4} • RADIOISITOPE PRODUCTION E: Ga-67, In- 111,1-132, FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS FAST NEUTRONS (> 4 MEV). FOR NEUTRON THERAPY INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS IN METAL SURFACE CORROSION AND WEAR • PROVISION OF SENSITIVE NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES FOR MICROANALYSIS IN FIELDS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENT, GEOLOGY, ARCHEOLOGY, PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY &MATERIALS. 5.10- SEA WATER DESALINATION RESEARCH 5.11- PLASMA FUSION RESEARCH 5.12- POLYMER DEVELOPMENT & RADIATION EFFECT ON POLYMERIC MATERIAL STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE 5.13- MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 5.14 - ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY RESEARCH AEA & SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT 6-1 HEALTH IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT UTILIZING BOTH ETRR-1 & ETRR-2 AND THE CYCLOTRON ACCELERATOR • RADIOTHERAPY : USING THE Co-60 SOURCES TO BE PRODUCED BY THE ETRR-2 • NEUTRON THERAPY : BOTH ETRR-2 AND THE CYCLOTRON ACCELERATOR • USE OF ANALYTICAL NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN RADIO IMMUNOASSAY ...ETC • EARLY DETECTION OF TUMORS • STERILIZATION OF MEDICAL TOOLS & PRODUCTS • RADIATION DETECTION OF IMPORTED AND EXPORTED FOOD • FOOD PRESERVATION BY GAMMA RADIATION 6-2 RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 6-2-1 NATIONAL NETWORK FOR RADIATION MONITORING p* '• \ . ! I 5T ••• •• m .;.-;>>'v HI ^ MM V-\ -v.- :-Ju. /^- THROUGHOUT EGYPT & ON BORDERS •NOTIFICATION OF THE IAEA IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM. •NETWORK STATIONS. •FOR GAMMA IN AIR (42) •FOR GAMA AND BETA IN AIR (AEROSOLES) (14) •FOR GAMMA IN WATER (13) •GAS MONOTORING STATIONS (13) •ALL AERIAL MONITORING STATIONS ARE DIRECTLY CONNECTED AROUND THE CLOCK TO THE MAIN COMPUTER IN THE CENTRE FOR NUCLEAR SAFETY AND RADIATION CONTROL IN NASRCITY •MOREOVER, THE AEA HAS SEVERAL HIGHLY MOBILE EQUIPPED LABORATORIES WHICH CAN BE USED IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS FOR DETECTION OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION. THESE ARE CONNECTED TO THE NATIONAL MONITORING NETWORK. 6-2-2 RADIATION CONTROL LABS AEA HAS FOUR EXTERMELY ADVANCED RADIATION CONTROL LABS AT INSHAS AND 6-2-3 TRANSPORT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE • COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE FROM MEDICAL CENTRES AND RESEARCH LABS. © CONDITIONING AND TREATMENT OF WASTE FOR DISPOSAL IN SPECIAL QUALITED SITES • CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF DISPOSABLE SITES • COLLECTION & STORAGE OF R4DIATION SOURCES IN MEDICAL CENTRES AND INDUSTRY WHEN ITS RADIATION FALLS BELOW PERMISSIBLE LEVELS . 6-3 Food & Agriculture #FOOD RESERVATION BY RADIATION •DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MUTATIONS IN SOME CROPS ..EG. (SESEMI, RIGE AND POTATOS) • USING NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN DESERT DEVELOPMENT (IAEA JOINT COOPERATION) • RATIONALIZATION OF WATER CONSUMPTION • S OIL CONDITIONRS • BIO AGRICULTURE • INSECT STERILIZATION • DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATE BUILDINGS 6-4 NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AND HYDROLOGY RESEARCH (IAEA JOINT COOPERATION) - IDENTIFICATION OF LOCATIONS, COMPOSITION AND DYNAMICS OF WATER RESERVOIRS (AQUIFIERS) - EVALUATION OF RECHARGING AND FLOW OF WATER FROM QAUTFIERS - EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES. 6-5 TECHNICAL CONSULTATIONS a RADIATION PROTECTION * RADIATION DECONTAMINATION » SAFE TRANSPORT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AND RADIOACTIVE SOURCES. m SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORTS FOR NUCLEAR UTILITIES AND RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS USERS a QUALITY ASSURANCE MATERIALS TESTING -FRACTURE - CORROSION -WELLDING - NDT RADIATION CONTROL OF IMPORTED EXPORTED FOOD. CONSULTATION FOR THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY AND OTHERS IN RELATION TO THE USE OF RADIOISOTOPES AND RADIOACTIVE SOURCES. 7- MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT THE AEA ADOPTS A CONTINUOUS MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME COVERING THE WORKING STAFF AS WELL AS FRESH GRADUATES JOINING AEA. ALL FRESH UNIVERSITY AND HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES HAVE TO UNDERTAKE A SIX WEEK ORIENTATION PROGRAMME IN BASIC RADIATION PHYSICS AND RADIATION PROTECTION AS WELL AS ACQUAINTANCE WITH RADIATION SOURCES. FURTHERMORE THEY ARE GIVEN SPECIFIC TAINING PROGRAMMES IN THEIR RESPECTIVE CENTRES BEFORE JOINING WORK. • THE AEA ALSO HOLDS ALMOST CONTINUOUSLY SEMINARS, SYMPOSIA AND WORKSHOPS ON THE NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVEL COVERING THE MAJOR FIELDS OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. • THE AEA ALSO MAKES EFFICIENT USE OF INTERNATIONALLY AVALABLE CHANNELS FOR UPGRADING THE QUALIFICATION OF EXPERTISE IN THE LEADING WORLD UNIVERSITIES & RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS. • AT PRESENT AEA ENJOYS AN IN HOUSE EXPERIENCE OF ABOUT ONE THOUSAND QUALIFIED ACADEMIC SCIENTISTS IN VARIOUS DISCIPLNES OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SUPPORTED BY ABOUT 700 OF QUALIFIED TECHNICAL STAFF. THE BALANCE OF POWER (ABOUT 2500) ARE BASICALLY HOLDING ADMINISTRATIVE, FINANCIAL AND ASSISTING JOBS. 8-REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION • EGYPT IS A FOUNDER MEMBER OF IAEA • IAEA HAS AN ACTIVE TECH. COOPERATION PROGRAMME WITH THE AEA AND OTHER VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS IN EGYPT • IAEA FUNDING FOR COOPERATION PROGRAMME EXCEEDED $ 20 MILLIONS IN THE PAST 15 YEARS, ALL INVESTED IN PROJECTS IN THE FIELD OF PEACEFUL APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY. • AT PRESENT ABOUT 20 IAEA-TC PROJECTS ARE RUNING MOST OF WHICH ARE CONDUCTED WITH THE AEA. THE TOTAL INVESTMENT IN THESE PROJECTS ARE ABOUT $ 4 MILLION THE AVERAGE % UTILIZATION OF THESE PROJECTS AT PRESENT IS ABOUT 60% o AEA ALSO PARTICIPATES ACTIVITY IN OTHER REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION PROJECTS WITHIN • THE MIDDLE EAST REGIONAL CENTRE FOR RADIOISOTOPES FOR ARAB COUNTRIES . • THE ARAB ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, TUNISIA. • THE AFRA PROGRAMME FOR TECHNICAL COOPERATION , INVOLVING IAEA, AND SEVERAL AFRICAN STATES, THIS INCLUDES TECH COOPERATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN SEVERAL FIELDS. • AEA IS ALSO INVOLVED IN BILATERAL AGREEMENTS IN TRAINING AND NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER WITH SEVERAL COUNTRIES ..EG. • ARGENTINA •CANADA •GERMANY • INDIA • RUSSIA • THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE VISIT OF SOUTH KOREAN DELEGATION • Basic Nuclear Sciences Nuclear Fuel Cycle R & D Nuclear Fuel Development (the experience of both PWR & CANDU type fuel and the development of both as well as the PUPIC fuel). Heavy Water R & D Reactor Fuel Reactor Materials irradiation testing : Tools equipment & Investigation . Back end of the Fuel Cycle Activities. • Research Reactor Utilization: Radioisotope production; Equipment, Tools Neutron Beam Applications: * Neutron Physics research * Neutron Radiography * Cold Neutron Research * Boron - Neutron Capture Therapy * Neutron Activation Analysis • Production & Development of Radioisbtopes and Radiopharmaeeuticals : (Diagnostic & Therapeutic Agents. ) Development of equipment & tools for Radioisitope Production. • Cyclotron R & D Applications ( Materials Science & Analysis, solid state physics, nuclear physics) As well as short-lived radioisotope production. v: Safety Research (Nuclear Safety Centre), Ministry of Science, Technology) 1 tST: •-•:Ti i-,^yt-rrf;.''-'.'.-'.. •*.:'ifm?»^feJl|-.^;^r.-yT'i-W'K' :••: •^-.yr-:-r^ru-i'ti\ • •• I'.i wWyl w- ; ••! ••••. • . _ L-.- TJ - --J. -• •• - -' v--H-r--^ ?•-•—- (Technology Centre for Nuclear Control KAERI) • Nuclear Medicine (Korea Cancer Centre Hospital KAERI) • Desalination R & Energy Policy. THE VISIT OF SOUTH KOREAM DELEGATION 1- Policy for the development of science and Technology : The National Administrative system • State Ministry for Scientific Research • Academy of Scientific Research and Technology • Mubarak City for Scientific Research • National Research Institutes About 14 Research Institutes for Example : The National Research Centre (Multi-Disciplinary covering various fields of science, Engineering, medicine, Agriculture, Pharmaceutical,...etc. The Metallurgical Research Centre The Electronic Research Centre The Desert Development research center field ..etc. And Others. • Research Centres affiliated to certain ministries : Ministry of Industry Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Transport Ministry of Irrigation Ministry of Health • Research institutes affiliated to universities. 2. Nuclear Policy National R & D Administration System • Three organizations working in the Nuclear field come under the direct authority of of the Minister of Electricity and Energy , these are: • The Atomic Energy Authority which is an R & D Organization • The Nuclear Materials Authority, Also an R & D Organization • The Nuclear Power Plants Authority : Which is An Executive organization having responsibility of construction of Nuclear Power Plants According to nuclear regulations and standards. 2.1 National R <& D Programmes 2.1.1. In the Atomic Energy Authority (AEA) Mandate: To enhance development of peaceful uses of atomic energy. Q rga n i za ti o n € h a rt The AEA is divided into four main centres : A : The Nuclear Research Centre: • Basic Nuclear Sciences, • front end of NFC & relevant activities in reactor materials, Heavy Water. • Research reactors • Biological Applications of the nuclear technology B: The National Centre for Radiation Research & Technology • Radiation Research • Industrial Radiation Applications • Biotechnology The Centre houses 0.5 Mega Ci. Co-60 Gamma Source and A 1.5 MeV, 25 mA Electron Accelerator. C: The hot laboratory and waste management centre: Is devoted to radio-isotope production & development as well as waste management activities. It houses A low & Medium Level Liquid Waste Treatment Station (20 m3/d) and as a cementation plant . It also carries out R & D activities in related to the back end of the NFC. D: The National Centre for Nuclear safety & Radiation control. This centre is responsible for regulatory and safety aspects of all nuclear activities. It operates the national network of radiation monitoring which incorporates a stations 70 allover Egypt. This is supplemented by three highly advanced mobile Laboratories. E : Major Projects: • Egypt's Second Research Reactor (MPR), 22 Mwt • The Cyclotron Accelerator, 20 Mev Manpower: Budget : About U.S,$ 60 million About 1000 scientists 700 Technicians 2500 Administrative Financial & Supporting staff. 2. Energy Policy This is taken care of by the Ministry of Electricity and Energy. 8 Nuclear Power Plants Authority Dr. Sayed B. Abdel-Hamid Chairman of NPPA NPPA Established in 1976 by the Law No. 13 as: Independent Authority, Affiliated to Ministry Of Electricity and Energy (MOEE), and The Minister of MOEE is the Chairman of the Board. NPPA is solely empowered to: 1-Propose the establishment of the NPPs for generating electricity and water desalination. 2- Pursues R&D related to NPPs. 3-Lay down the specifications for the projects of establishing NPPs and prepare it for operation. 4-Implement the facilities related to NPPs projects and supervise their administration Egyptian Electricity Sector MINISTRY OF ELECTRICITY AND ENERGY I 1 New& Egyptian Rural Hydro Power Renewable Electricity Ele ctrifica tion Projects Energy Authority Authority Authority Authority Nuclear Power Atomic Nuclear Plants Energy Material Authority Authority Authority NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AUTHORITY TOP MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION NPPA EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN •• EX VICE- CHAIRMAN EX VICE-CHAIRMAN EX VICE-CHAIRMAN EX VICE-CHAIRMAN FOR FOR FOR FOR FINANCIAL &ADMIN EXECUTION AFFAIRS PROJECTS STUDIES & NUCLEAR AFFAIRS AFFAIRS Egyptian Nuclear Power Program Highlight • Atomic Energy Commission 1955 • Atomic Energy Establishment (Authority) 1957 • Operation of 1st Research Reactor 1961 • International Bidding for NPDP (1) 1964 • War with Israel 1967 •Limited International Bidding for NPP (2) 1974 Egyptian Nuclear Power Program Highlight • Establishment of NPPA 1976 • TMI 1979 • Selection of El-Dabaa Site 1980 • Egypt Ratifies NPT 1981 • International Bidding for NPP (3) 1983 •Chernobyl 1986 •Operation of 2nd Research Reactor 1998 Activities Since Chernobyl 1. Local Participation Program 1989-94 2. F.S. to Introduce SMRs 1989-91 3. F.S. introducing ND for North African 1991-95 FRAMEWORK OF NPPA CURRENT ACTIVITIES 1. Electrical Energy Planning up to 2020 and F.S. for ND. 2. Preparation of document to issue the bid invitation. 3. El-Dabaa Site development and preparation. 3. Introducing QA and preparation. 3. Automation of Financing & Administration Work. CURRENT ACTIVITIES 1. Comparative Assessment of Strategies and Options for Electricity Generation in Egypt up to 2000 (EGY/0/016) OBJECTIVES To determine the optimal electricity generation mix up to the year 2020, including nuclear and renewable energies, i.e. to prove the viability of nuclear option. CURRENT ACTIVITIES 2. Feasibility of Nuclear Power and Desalination on El-Dabaa Site (EGY/4/040) OBJECTIVES To provide the decision makers with all the necessary information regarding the technical and economical feasibility, and viability of the nuclear option for electricity generation and seawater desalination. CURRENT ACTIVITIES 3. Experimental Investigation of Feedwater Preheating on the Performance of RO Membranes (RO/10244) OBJECTIVES To study the effect of utilizing condenser cooling water as feedwater to RO desalination on membrane performance and life. CURRENT ACTIVITIES 4. Establishment of a Quality Assurance Programme for NPPA (EGY/4/042) OBJECTIVES To finalize NPPA QA manual up to the international standards, and to enable NPPA staff to plan for full implementation of QA programme. --• -if,--" \ Peninsula /••. Al Fayyum" yCA Al Minya"; Asyut" '-,*,- '••,f> ! Sauhaj" Qina "Luxor ..Idfu ;B Aswan Nasser ;,•• fcj 1988^ 8^ 30°a 12 P>. 71 El- 2. 7\. 3. A 4 2. fe Z]- 2. 9 5 , zj- 10 2. 3. 1999^ MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ON SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT The Government of the Republic of Korea and the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt (hereinafter referred to as "the Parties"); Recognizing the importance of science and technology in the development of national economies of both countries; Desiring to strengthen and develop the scientific and technological cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefits; and Pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Agreement on Cultural, Scientific and Technical Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Korea and the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt, "signed on August 30, 1988 (hereinafter referred to as "the Agreement"); Have agreed as follows: Article 1 The Parties will support and develop the cooperation in the fields of science and technology between research and development organizations of the two countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, in accordance with the provisions of this Memorandum of Understanding, the Agreement and respective laws and regulations of the two countries. Article 2 The cooperation will include, in particular, the following forms: a) Joint research and development projects, including exchange of scientists, specialists and researchers; b) Organization of and participation in the scientific conferences, symposia, courses, workshops, exhibitions and other joint scientific meetings of mutual interest; c) Exchange of scientific and technological information and documents; d) Joint use of research and development facilities and scientific equipment in each one of the two Parties; and e) Other forms of scientific and technological co-operation as may be mutually agreed upon. Article 3 1. For the purpose of the implementation of this Memorandum of Understanding, a Joint Committee on the Scientific and Technological Co-operation, composed of the representatives respectively appointed by the Parties, is established. 2. The tasks of the Joint Committee are the following: a) to agree on the fields of co-operation; b) to create the favourable conditions for implementation of this Memorandum of Understanding; c) to facilitate and support the implementation of joint programmes and projects; and d) to exchange opinions on the overall perspectives of the bilateral scientific and technological co-operation and to examine new proposals for the development of the co-operation. 3. The Joint Committee shall meet once every two years, alternately in Korea and Egypt and will conclude minutes which will contain conclusions and proposals of the joint sessions. Article 4 1. The Parties will encourage the conclusion of specific arrangements including the terms and financial conditions aimed at establishing lasting cooperation between the research institutes, universities and other relevant institutions (hereinafter referred to as "the Partners"). 2. The Partners of the respective fields will be encouraged to conclude joint working programs and projects in order to accomplish their objectives. Article 5 The expenses incurred in connection with the cooperative activities under this Memorandum of Understanding will be covered in accordance with the terms mutually agreed upon by the Parties or respective Partners and subject to budgetary availabilities of the two countries. Article 6 Scientific and technological information derived from cooperative activities under this Memorandum of Understanding should not be unilaterally disclosed for commercial or industrial purposes without the consent of the Parties. Article 7 Any Party may invite the third Party specialists to the scientific programs being carried out under this Memorandum of Understanding after approval by the second Party. Article 8 1. Any issues arising from the interpretation or implementation of this Memorandum of Understanding will be settled through consultations between the Parties or such other means as they may mutually decide. 2. Notwithstanding the paragraph 1 of this Article, issues of rights regulation on intellectual property created or passed as a result of cooperation in the framework of this Memorandum of Understanding shall be settled in accordance with international agreements to which both countries are parties. Article 9 With respect to the cooperative activities under this Memorandum of Understanding, each Party will provide the best possible conditions in accordance with respective laws and regulations of the two countries. Article 10 1. This Memorandum of Understanding will come into effect on the date of signing. 2. This Memorandum of Understanding will remain valid for a period of five years, to be renewed for the same periods, unless one of the Parties submits a written notice requesting the termination of this Memorandum of Understanding at least six months before the date of expiry. 3. Projects or programs undertaken under this Memorandum of Understanding before its termination, shall not be affected by its termination. Done at Seoul on this 9th day of April 1999, in two originals in the English language. FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT 10 S.S.5L o #^*fl;cfl: ^HHHassan) 24 o 6J^cr 2,733^1-^(1997), ^A^r 71^# km, ^ l,251US$(1997id) o (Maghreb)«?i^ ^^l.^^H ^l^-f-^-^-5. 1980^^ 1962^ 7€ 2. ^ Jerrada^ Touissit ^%^$] SOFRATOM^l SafHH 20km ^#51 Bir EL Hor -9-*]3. 90%» ^-^ kWh ^£°H, J^^H]^] 90% r 2,300MW°lJL aH4*Kr l,100MW«y. 2,000MW, 2010^^1 5,300MW, n-^ ^1(1988^) =L^]JL ^511 oj (1995^)^1- 3. - 1967^ €^>^-?l-S^| (National Commission of Nuclear Energy) - 197l^d '8 1986^ ^^•^^Tt^Bf(CNESTEN: national Center of Nuclear Energy, Science and Techniques)) 1994^1 ^^^^IH^l^l^ (National Council of Nuclear Energy) H*l 1996^ 7€ 26°a JZ-S.S CNESTEN^- P]^- GA 4^ 2MW(TRIGA -Mark 11)^" ^^S, ^^<$-%: sfl^, 2001^ 1998^ Maamora o CNESTEN, LER(Laboratories d'Etudes et de Recherche) - CNESTEN^- 60-70*H itS.4\ ^ ^-(University Muhammed V, Rabat, Faculty of Science)^ ^^^ '70>d^ - - Maamora H^^ 4 ^ f^^}^^ ]#4^, IAEA *}%-%• NHR-10 . CNESTENSl «^^^ Si-2.** ^€ ^^^S^^- WIMSD4, FLICA arine Phospate)^^^ - 1995V* - o Tangier**^ 1957^ IAEA 1970^ ll€ 27 1975^ 2-t 18°a 1991^ o^ 0)3) O].3£B}7]. Hl^|^t||2^*i Pelindaba 4. o Maamora