CERN Courier November 2014 Viewpoint cividec Instrumentation

CIVIDEC Instrumentation is an R&D company born of cutting-edge technologies for CERN. We specialise in turn-key Theory at CERN turns 62 solutions for beam diagnostics based on CVD diamond technology.

Cecilia Jarlskog looks at senior staff members: Gunnar Källén and Ben R Mottelson (who was to receive the CERN Theory’s roots, and 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics). Note that these “leaders”, both born in 1926, were at the Diamond Detectors recalls some interactions with time below the age of 30. This was a general feature of the young CERN – even the the organization. accelerators were built by people who many of us would now consider as “youngsters”. CERN Theory was expected to move One of my most memorable gradually to Geneva. However, this took in experiences of CERN is Cecilia Jarlskog with colleagues at the total about fi ve years, until 1 October 1957, from an early morning in Nordic Institute of Theoretical Physics when the Theory Group in Copenhagen was the summer of 1966. I drove (NORDITA) in Copenhagen, in the early offi cially closed. The theorists who came to to CERN with my two small children, one 1980s. (Image credit: NORDITA.) Geneva had their offi ces fi rst at the University and three years of age, to fetch their dad of Geneva, then in barracks at Geneva Airport, who had been on a night shift – there were possible to form this group very quickly until they moved to the current CERN site in no guards at the entrance in those days. I and for it to start work, in Copenhagen, even Meyrin. Theory went on to fl ourish at CERN, found him outside the experimental hall before the decision had been made as to where and the subsequent history of the Theory being interviewed by a friendly looking CERN would be located. Copenhagen had Division deserves a book of its own. gentleman, who after greeting us continued already been a world centre for theoretical In 1971, I became the fi rst female fellow of asking questions and taking notes. The physics for several decades. It was clear the CERN Theory Division, in 1982 the fi rst gentleman, as I found out afterwards, was that CERN Theory would thrive there, female member of CERN’s Scientifi c Policy the director-general of CERN, Bernard owing to the presence of the great and Committee, and in 1988 this committee’s Gregory. This was for me an inspiring and incredibly infl uential theoretical physicist fi rst female “old boy”. Later, in the years instructive experience. Since then, CERN Niels Bohr, and his competent local staff. 1998–2004, I was the adviser on member NEW: Diamond XBPM – X-Ray Beam Position Monitor has grown a great deal, and attracts so many Victor Weisskopf, who was director-general states to CERN’s director-general. I have more people that the probability of a young of CERN in the years 1960–1964, knew enjoyed CERN’s international atmosphere visiting PhD student being interviewed alone Bohr well, and used to refer to him as the enormously, which has given me ample by the director-general must not be so large. greatest founder of CERN. CERN Theory in opportunity to meet and talk with inspiring For me, there are other exciting new features Copenhagen was a lively place, and attracted physicists from across the world. I also feel of CERN these days, such as encountering many distinguished international scientists. fortunate to have lived in a period when NEW: Diamond XBPM – our novel X-Ray Beam Position Monitor crowds of enthusiastic young people from The CERN Annual Report for 1955 the amount of information revealed about across the world. informs us that: “The Theoretical Study the nature of the elementary constituents is made of diamond for precision beam position measurements. The young CERN has now turned 60, its Division is located in the Theoretical of matter and their interactions has been offi cial foundation being on 29 September Physics Institute, University of Copenhagen. mind-boggling. CERN has been an 1954. Its creation was a unique act, based The work of the Division has proceeded important contributor in this respect. Who on an unprecedented common effort by a according to the programme fi xed during could have imagined that we would arrive • Excellent X-ray transparency. number of distinguished scientists from the interim period and includes: a) scientifi c at the Standard Model so “soon” – a highly several countries, not only from Europe research on fundamental problems of nuclear successful theory of weak, electromagnetic • For X-ray beams in the micron range. but also from the US, among them Robert physics, including theoretical problems and strong interactions? Oppenheimer and Isidor Rabi. We are related to the focusing of ion beams in high In 2004, during the mandate of Robert all impressed by their dedication and energy accelerators; b) training of young Aymar as director-general, the CERN Theory • Fast response, superior dynamic range. commitment, and are grateful to them for theoretical physicists; c) development of Division turned into the Theory Unit, under the creation of this organization for basic active co-operation with the laboratories of the CERN Physics Department. Does this research in science for peace. Since its Liverpool and Uppsala, whose machines imply that CERN wishes to guide the theorists creation, CERN has served as a “standard and equipment have been placed at the to work on the “focusing of ion beams”, and model” for several other international disposal of CERN.” This was what CERN’s machines as well as equipment, as envisaged scientifi c organizations. “founding fathers” had in mind that the by the founding fathers in 1952? Fortunately, However, while CERN has just celebrated theorists should be doing. But, of course, during my visits to CERN since, I have seen its 60th anniversary, there is one part of it except for b, that was not what the theorists no such trend. Long live theory at CERN. WE PIONEER CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS that is a little older. The CERN “Group of actually did. ● Cecilia Jarlskog, Lund University and fi rst female Theoretical Studies” was created through The 1955 CERN Annual Report also president of IUPAP. She has written recently about the a resolution passed by the CERN Interim informs us that the Theoretical Study early days of theory at CERN, in the book Portrait of Council in Amsterdam in May 1952. It was Division in Copenhagen had two full-time Gunnar Källén (CERN Courier October 2014 p74). CIVIDEC Instrumentation GmbH | Vienna Schottengasse 3A/1/41 | A-1010 Vienna, Austria | phone: +43 1 9229307 | contact: [email protected] | www.cividec.at | 54

CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 4 CERN Courier November 2014 Viewpoint cividec Instrumentation

CIVIDEC Instrumentation is an R&D company born of cutting-edge technologies for CERN. We specialise in turn-key Theory at CERN turns 62 solutions for beam diagnostics based on CVD diamond technology.

Cecilia Jarlskog looks at senior staff members: Gunnar Källén and Ben R Mottelson (who was to receive the CERN Theory’s roots, and 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics). Note that these “leaders”, both born in 1926, were at the Diamond Detectors recalls some interactions with time below the age of 30. This was a general feature of the young CERN – even the the organization. accelerators were built by people who many of us would now consider as “youngsters”. CERN Theory was expected to move One of my most memorable gradually to Geneva. However, this took in experiences of CERN is Cecilia Jarlskog with colleagues at the total about fi ve years, until 1 October 1957, from an early morning in Nordic Institute of Theoretical Physics when the Theory Group in Copenhagen was the summer of 1966. I drove (NORDITA) in Copenhagen, in the early offi cially closed. The theorists who came to to CERN with my two small children, one 1980s. (Image credit: NORDITA.) Geneva had their offi ces fi rst at the University and three years of age, to fetch their dad of Geneva, then in barracks at Geneva Airport, who had been on a night shift – there were possible to form this group very quickly until they moved to the current CERN site in no guards at the entrance in those days. I and for it to start work, in Copenhagen, even Meyrin. Theory went on to fl ourish at CERN, found him outside the experimental hall before the decision had been made as to where and the subsequent history of the Theory being interviewed by a friendly looking CERN would be located. Copenhagen had Division deserves a book of its own. gentleman, who after greeting us continued already been a world centre for theoretical In 1971, I became the fi rst female fellow of asking questions and taking notes. The physics for several decades. It was clear the CERN Theory Division, in 1982 the fi rst gentleman, as I found out afterwards, was that CERN Theory would thrive there, female member of CERN’s Scientifi c Policy the director-general of CERN, Bernard owing to the presence of the great and Committee, and in 1988 this committee’s Gregory. This was for me an inspiring and incredibly infl uential theoretical physicist fi rst female “old boy”. Later, in the years instructive experience. Since then, CERN Niels Bohr, and his competent local staff. 1998–2004, I was the adviser on member NEW: Diamond XBPM – X-Ray Beam Position Monitor has grown a great deal, and attracts so many Victor Weisskopf, who was director-general states to CERN’s director-general. I have more people that the probability of a young of CERN in the years 1960–1964, knew enjoyed CERN’s international atmosphere visiting PhD student being interviewed alone Bohr well, and used to refer to him as the enormously, which has given me ample by the director-general must not be so large. greatest founder of CERN. CERN Theory in opportunity to meet and talk with inspiring For me, there are other exciting new features Copenhagen was a lively place, and attracted physicists from across the world. I also feel of CERN these days, such as encountering many distinguished international scientists. fortunate to have lived in a period when NEW: Diamond XBPM – our novel X-Ray Beam Position Monitor crowds of enthusiastic young people from The CERN Annual Report for 1955 the amount of information revealed about across the world. informs us that: “The Theoretical Study the nature of the elementary constituents is made of diamond for precision beam position measurements. The young CERN has now turned 60, its Division is located in the Theoretical of matter and their interactions has been offi cial foundation being on 29 September Physics Institute, University of Copenhagen. mind-boggling. CERN has been an 1954. Its creation was a unique act, based The work of the Division has proceeded important contributor in this respect. Who on an unprecedented common effort by a according to the programme fi xed during could have imagined that we would arrive • Excellent X-ray transparency. number of distinguished scientists from the interim period and includes: a) scientifi c at the Standard Model so “soon” – a highly several countries, not only from Europe research on fundamental problems of nuclear successful theory of weak, electromagnetic • For X-ray beams in the micron range. but also from the US, among them Robert physics, including theoretical problems and strong interactions? Oppenheimer and Isidor Rabi. We are related to the focusing of ion beams in high In 2004, during the mandate of Robert all impressed by their dedication and energy accelerators; b) training of young Aymar as director-general, the CERN Theory • Fast response, superior dynamic range. commitment, and are grateful to them for theoretical physicists; c) development of Division turned into the Theory Unit, under the creation of this organization for basic active co-operation with the laboratories of the CERN Physics Department. Does this research in science for peace. Since its Liverpool and Uppsala, whose machines imply that CERN wishes to guide the theorists creation, CERN has served as a “standard and equipment have been placed at the to work on the “focusing of ion beams”, and model” for several other international disposal of CERN.” This was what CERN’s machines as well as equipment, as envisaged scientifi c organizations. “founding fathers” had in mind that the by the founding fathers in 1952? Fortunately, However, while CERN has just celebrated theorists should be doing. But, of course, during my visits to CERN since, I have seen its 60th anniversary, there is one part of it except for b, that was not what the theorists no such trend. Long live theory at CERN. WE PIONEER CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS that is a little older. The CERN “Group of actually did. ● Cecilia Jarlskog, Lund University and fi rst female Theoretical Studies” was created through The 1955 CERN Annual Report also president of IUPAP. She has written recently about the a resolution passed by the CERN Interim informs us that the Theoretical Study early days of theory at CERN, in the book Portrait of Council in Amsterdam in May 1952. It was Division in Copenhagen had two full-time Gunnar Källén (CERN Courier October 2014 p74). CIVIDEC Instrumentation GmbH | Vienna Schottengasse 3A/1/41 | A-1010 Vienna, Austria | phone: +43 1 9229307 | contact: [email protected] | www.cividec.at | 54

CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 4 CAEN Electronic Instrumentation

Gamma Stream R14xxET Digital MCA PMT Base for Gamma Spectroscopy 4/8 Channel 19” Rack-mount HV Power Supply Module with Ethernet & Touchscreen DT5770 Desktop Digital MCA DT14xxET 4 Channel Desktop HV Power Supply Module DT5780 with Ethernet & Touchscreen Dual Desktop Digital MCA with HV Power Supply DT5470 DT5781 USB High Voltage Power Supply Dual/Quad Desktop Digital MCA A750x N6781 PCB High Voltage Power Supply Dual/Quad NIM Digital MCA A251x N1068 8 Channel Low Voltage Board 16 Ch Programmable Spectroscopy Amplifier & CFD A1560H - A1580H N605 8 Channel 6/8 kV - 20 µA High Voltage Board 4 Channel Fast Constant Fraction Discriminator with Independent Enable 743 Digitizer Family A7030 8/16 Channel 12-bit 3.2 GS/s Switched Capacitor Digitizer 48 Independent Channel 3kV - 500µA High Voltage Power Supply Board

Gianni Di Maio CAEN Maintenance Division Manager

. CAEN News from Catalog web page Tools for Discovery www.caen.it/news

October_DEF.indd 1 08/10/14 10:31 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 4 CAEN Electronic Instrumentation

Gamma Stream R14xxET Digital MCA PMT Base for Gamma Spectroscopy 4/8 Channel 19” Rack-mount HV Power Supply Module with Ethernet & Touchscreen DT5770 Desktop Digital MCA DT14xxET 4 Channel Desktop HV Power Supply Module DT5780 with Ethernet & Touchscreen Dual Desktop Digital MCA with HV Power Supply DT5470 DT5781 USB High Voltage Power Supply Dual/Quad Desktop Digital MCA A750x N6781 PCB High Voltage Power Supply Dual/Quad NIM Digital MCA A251x N1068 8 Channel Low Voltage Board 16 Ch Programmable Spectroscopy Amplifier & CFD A1560H - A1580H N605 8 Channel 6/8 kV - 20 µA High Voltage Board 4 Channel Fast Constant Fraction Discriminator with Independent Enable 743 Digitizer Family A7030 8/16 Channel 12-bit 3.2 GS/s Switched Capacitor Digitizer 48 Independent Channel 3kV - 500µA High Voltage Power Supply Board

Gianni Di Maio CAEN Maintenance Division Manager

. CAEN News from Catalog web page Tools for Discovery www.caen.it/news

October_DEF.indd 1 08/10/14 10:31 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 4 CERNCOURIER V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 9 N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 4 Contents

5 N ew s 15 A s t r ow a t c h 28 CERN celebrates 60th anniversary in style SESAME boosts electrons to 800 MeV AMS finds evidence A selection of highlights from events surrounding the official • • 17 r c h i v e 60th birthday. of new source of positrons in cosmic rays • Beams back at the A Antiproton Decelerator The promise of boosted topologies • F e a t u r e s 32 CP violation: past, present and future LHCb result tightens precision on angle γ Producing charm • • 19 Muon g-2 storage ring starts a new life Reporting from a meeting to honour a surprising discovery. with light ATLAS observes and measures H → WW Neutrinos • • The Brookhaven muon storage ring is being reassembled at Fermilab. cast light on coherent pion production • Nanotube cathode 35 F a ce s &P l a ce s promises intense electron beam An excellent start for the 23 Edinburgh takes on the flavour of beauty • 46 R ec r u i t men t FCC collaboration Highlights from results presented at Beauty 2014. 51 B oo k s h elf 13 S c i encew a t c h 25 Valencia welcomes the world of particle physics Plenty of news as ICHEP visited Spain for the first time. 54 V i ewpo i n t

CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 4 CERNCOURIER V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 9 N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 4 Contents

5 N ew s 15 A s t r ow a t c h 28 CERN celebrates 60th anniversary in style SESAME boosts electrons to 800 MeV AMS finds evidence A selection of highlights from events surrounding the official • • 17 r c h i v e 60th birthday. of new source of positrons in cosmic rays • Beams back at the A Antiproton Decelerator The promise of boosted topologies • F e a t u r e s 32 CP violation: past, present and future LHCb result tightens precision on angle γ Producing charm • • 19 Muon g-2 storage ring starts a new life Reporting from a meeting to honour a surprising discovery. with light ATLAS observes and measures H → WW Neutrinos • • The Brookhaven muon storage ring is being reassembled at Fermilab. cast light on coherent pion production • Nanotube cathode 35 F a ce s &P l a ce s promises intense electron beam An excellent start for the 23 Edinburgh takes on the flavour of beauty • 46 R ec r u i t men t FCC collaboration Highlights from results presented at Beauty 2014. 51 B oo k s h elf 13 S c i encew a t c h 25 Valencia welcomes the world of particle physics Plenty of news as ICHEP visited Spain for the first time. 54 V i ewpo i n t

CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 4 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 4 I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER

WELCOME V OLUME 5 4 N UMBER 9 N OVEMBER 2 0 1 4 CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the November 2014 issue of CERN Courier. Muon g-2 moves Summer is a time for conferences, and this issue brings reports on a few of the season’s many meetings on particle physics in 2014. Some come round regularly, such as those in the ICHEP and Beauty series, while others on to a new life are “one-offs”. The meeting on the 50th anniversary of the discovery of CP violation brought together some of the leading players in the field, both to reminisce and to look to the future. Summer is also a time for “schools” on particle physics, with the African School of Fundamental Physics and its Applications now becoming well established. This summer also gave students who are still at school the opportunity to come to CERN, not for a standard visit but to work in a real test beam in the project “Beam line for schools”.

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CERN60 CP VIOLATION NEW RESULTS Celebrations of Meeting honours 60 years of 50 years of a FROM AMS EDITOR: CHRISTINE SUTTON, CERN science for peace major discovery Evidence for a new DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY JESSE KARJALAINEN/IOP PUBLISHING, UK p28 p32 source of positrons p6

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