Annual Report of the U.S. Atlantic Salmon Assessment Committee: Report No
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1 U.S. ATLANTIC SALMON ANNUAL REPORT 2005/18 ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE U.S. ATLANTIC SALMON ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE REPORT NO. 18 - 2005 ACTIVITIES GLOUCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS FEBRUARY 27 – March 2, 2006 PREPARED FOR U.S. SECTION TO NASCO 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Introduction to Report.......................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Terms of Reference for Report No. 18 - 2005 Activities ..................................................... 6 2.0 STATUS OF STOCKS............................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Description of Fisheries ....................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Adult Returns....................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Stock Enhancement Programs ............................................................................................. 9 2.4 Tagging and Marking Programs ........................................................................................... 9 2.5 Farm Production.................................................................................................................... 9 2.6 Special Topics....................................................................................................................... 9 2.7. Historical Data ................................................................................................................... 18 3.0 PROGRAM SUMMARIES.................................................................................................. 19 3.1 Connecticut River .............................................................................................................. 19 3.2 Maine Program................................................................................................................... 24 3.3 Merrimack River................................................................................................................ 46 3.4 Pawcatuck River ................................................................................................................ 56 4.0 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ATLANTIC SALMON....................... 60 4.1 Anadromous Communities ................................................................................................ 60 4.2 GIS in Atlantic Salmon Management and Assessment ..................................................... 62 4.3 Contaminants Update......................................................................................................... 68 4.4 Sampling for Aquaculture escapes and introgression with wild populations.................... 69 4.5 Habitat Protection and Restoration ..................................................................................... 70 4.6 NASCO Guidelines for the Use of Stock Rebuilding Programs ...................................... 73 4.7 Research............................................................................................................................. 75 5.0 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................ 96 5.1 List of Attendees................................................................................................................ 96 5.2 List of Program Summary and Technical Working Papers including PowerPoint Presentation Reports. ................................................................................................................ 99 5.3 Glossary of Abbreviations ............................................................................................... 101 5.4 Glossary of Definitions.................................................................................................... 102 5.5 Map of Historic Atlantic Salmon Rivers .......................................................................... 106 5.6 Tables Supporting the Document...................................................................................... 106 3 List of Tables and Figures Table 1. Documented Atlantic salmon returns to USA rivers, 2005. "Natural" includes fish originating from natural spawning and hatchery fry. Returns to traps are compared to five- year averages in Table 10. .................................................................................................... 11 Table 2. Documented Atlantic salmon returns to the USA, 1967-2005. "Natural" includes fish originating from natural spawning and hatchery fry............................................................. 12 Table 3. Two sea winter (2SW) returns for 2005 in relation to spawner requirements for USA rivers ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Table 4. Number of juvenile Atlantic salmon stocked in USA, 2005. ........................................ 13 Table 5. Stocking summary for captive and domestic adult Atlantic salmon for the USA in 2005 by river.................................................................................................................................. 14 Table 6. Summary of tagged and marked Atlantic salmon released in USA, 2004. Additional data are in Table 9.1.............................................................................................................. 15 Table 7. Aquaculture production (metric tones) in New England from 1997 to 2005. ............... 16 Figure 1. Number and sea age of Atlantic salmon returning to USA rivers. ............................... 16 Figure 2. Return rate of 2SW adults by cohort of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon smolts released into the Penobscot River (PN), Maine, USA.......................................................... 17 Table 3.2.1.1. Regression estimates and confidence intervals (90% CI) of adult Atlantic salmon in the core GOM DPS rivers from 1991 to 2005.................................................................. 26 Table 3.2.1.2. Numbers of suspected aquaculture escapes captured at traps on Maine Rivers. Blanks are no data................................................................................................................. 29 Table 3.2.3.1. Fry Developmental Index (DI) values and environmental variables from CBNFH stocking events...................................................................................................................... 32 Table 3.2.4.1. Juvenile Atlantic salmon population densities (fish/100m2) based on multiple pass electrofishing estimates in Maine Rivers, 2005.................................................................... 35 Table 3.2.4.2. Mean fork length by origin of smolts captured in Rotary Screw Traps on four rivers in Maine. ..................................................................................................................... 38 Table 3.2.4.3. Mean smolt weight by origin of smolts captured in Rotary Screw Traps on four rivers in Maine. ..................................................................................................................... 38 Table 3.2.4.4. Smolt age class and origin from scale data and marks of smolts captured in Rotary Screw Traps on four rivers in Maine. ................................................................................... 38 Table 3.2.4.5. Pro-rated origin of smolts captured in Rotary Screw Traps on four rivers in Maine. ................................................................................................................................... 39 Table 3.2.4.6. Estimated numbers of smolts emigrating in the Narraguagus River. .................... 39 Table 3.2.4.7. Estimated numbers of emigrating smolts in the Dennys River. ............................ 39 Figure 3.2.4.1. Estimated number of emigrating smolts in the Narraguagus River, 1997-2005. Estimates covered by a common bar are not different (Tukey Test).................................... 39 Figure 3.2.4.2. Run timing of smolts on the Narraguagus and Sheepscot Rivers based on cumulative RST catches for years 2002, 2004, and 2005..................................................... 40 Table 3.2.4.8. Survivorship of tagged smolts based on telemetry detections at the start and end of ecological zones................................................................................................................ 41 Table 3.3.1.1. Fry origin adult Atlantic salmon returns, Merrimack River, Years 1994 – 2001. 47 Table 3.3.1.2. Hatchery smolt origin adult Atlantic salmon returns, Merrimack River, 1996 - 2003....................................................................................................................................... 47 Table 3.3.4.1. Estimates for age 1 parr per habitat unit at sample sites in the Merrimack River watershed, 1994 – 2005. ....................................................................................................... 50 4 Table 3.4.3.1. Summary of fry stocking by the Rhode Island Salmon in the Classroom program. ............................................................................................................................................... 57 Table 3.4.3.2 Locations of smolt stocking in the Pawcatuck River, Rhode Island. .................... 58 Figure