Antipyretic Activities of Methanol Extract of the Ganoderma Sinense J.D

BioMed Research Year: 2014; Volume: 1; Issue: 1 Article ID: PM14 08; Pages: 1-7 The Open Access Publisher www.bmrjournals.com BMR Phytomedicine Research Article Antipyretic Activities of Methanol Extract of the Ganoderma sinense J.D. Zhao, L.W. Hsu & X.Q. Zhang on Albino Rats-An Experimental Study Raja Naika and Ashok Chittaragi* Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Applied Botany, Mycology Laboratory, Bio-Science Complex, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577451, Shimoga (District) Karnataka, INDIA Correspondence should be addressed to Ashok Chittaragi Received 25 July 2014; Accepted 30 July 2014; Published 12 August 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Ashok Chittaragi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Aim: Antipyretic effect of the methanol extract of Ganoderma sinense against Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia model in albino rats of both sexes was investigated. Methods: Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneously injecting 20% w/v Brewer's yeast suspension (20ml/kg) in the back below the nape of the neck of animals. Twenty four hours after the injection, the rectal temperature of each rat was measured. The temperature was measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. after drug administration. Paracetamol (150mg/kg p. o.) was used as standard drug. The group received methanol extract 300mg/kg showed significant decrease in rectal temperature from 39.42± 0.24 to 35.50± 0.34 as compared with the group received standard drug. All experimental values are given as means ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance was determined by one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). Differences at P < 0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: The statistically processed results support the conclusion, that the methanol extract of Ganoderma sinense (300mg/kg) possesses dose dependent significant antipyretic activity. Conclusion: From the study it was concluded that Wild Mushroom of Ganoderma sinense possess significant antipyretic activity. Key words: Ganoderma sinense, Methanol extract, Paracetamol, Antipyretic activity. Introduction prevention and treatment of various types of Ganoderma is a genus of polypore mushrooms diseases, such as cancer, hepatopathy, arthritis, which grow on wood and include about 80 species, hypertension, neurasthenia and chronic hepatitis many from tropical regions [1]. Ganoderma has [2-4]. been used in traditional Asian medicines for the BMR Phytomedicine www.bmrjournals.com ISSN 2349-4611 Among the genus, two species, Ganoderma sinense methanol extract of Ganoderma sinense mushroom and Ganoderma lucidum are the key species for the in antipyretic activity. production of medicinal materials because of their extensive use in traditional Asian medicines and Material and Methods their potential in bioremediation; they are a very important genus economically [5]. The practice of The present study was conducted on adult Albino herbal medicine dates back to the very earliest rat (150-200g) of either sex was procured from the period of known human history. There is evidence central animal house, National College of Pharmacy, of herbs having been used in the treatment of Shimoga district, Karnataka, India. The acute oral diseases and for revitalizing body system in almost toxicity study was carried out as per the guidelines all ancient civilization. Ayurveda, the Science of Life, set by Organization for Economic Co-operation and has provided a rationale basis for treatment of Development (OECD), revised draft guidelines 423, various ailments. Pain, inflammation and fever are received from Committee for the Purpose of Control very common complications in human beings [6]. and Supervision of Experiments on Animals It is the body’s natural defense to create an (CPCSEA), Ministry of Social Justice and environment where infectious agent or damaged Empowerment, Government of India. tissue cannot survive. Most of the antipyretic drugs The rats were acclimatized to laboratory condition inhibit Cox-2 expression to reduce the elevated for 5 days before commencement of the body temperature by inhibiting prostaglandin E2 experiment. The animals (six per cage) were (PGE2) biosynthesis. Moreover these synthetic maintained under standard laboratory conditions agents irreversibly inhibit Cox-2 with high (light period of 12 h/day and at room temperature), selectivity but are toxic to the hepatic cells, with access to commercial pellet diets and water ad glomeruli, cortex of brain and heart muscles, libitum. Food was withdrawn 12 hrs before and whereas the natural Cox-2 inhibitors have lower during the experimental hours. After the approval selectivity with fewer side effects. A natural by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee, an antipyretic agent with reduced or no toxicity is experimental study was undertaken according to therefore essential. The demand for herbal their rules and regulations of the Committee for the medicines is increasing rapidly due to their fewer Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments side effects. Further as health care costs continue to on Animals. escalate, the attraction for low cost remedies has stimulated consumers to re-evaluate the potential Collection of mushroom and authentication of alternatives [7-10]. The Ganoderma sinense was collected from forest Recent studies show that the triterpenoids or GAs region which is located in Agumbe, Thirthahalli (T), from G. sinense and G. lucidum have various Shimoga (D), Karnataka, India, during the month of biological functions such as cytotoxicity to several June to August 2013. The G. sinense of mushroom cancer cells in vitro, or inhibition of tumor invasion was picked from the litter and decaying wood in-vitro and in-vivo, inhibition of human surface, with help of forceps and then they were immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protease, cleaned and air dried in an oven at 40˚C for 48h. inhibition of eukaryotic DNA polymerases, dried mushroom samples were powdered inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and absorption, mechanically for further use. Identification was regulation of osteoclastogenesis and inhibition of done by comparing their morphological, anatomical U46619-induced platelet aggregation [11-19]. and physiological characteristics with the help of An extensive search of the literature reveals no standard literatures [20, 21]. The voucher specimen reports on the antipyretic activity of the (KUABARN-74) has been deposited at the mushrooms. Thus, present investigation was herbarium of mycology laboratory, Department of planned to find out the therapeutic level of P. G. Studies and Research in Applied Botany, 2 BMR Journals| bmrjournals.com BMR Phytomedicine www.bmrjournals.com ISSN 2349-4611 Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shimoga cause marked pain and distress should be avoided. district (Karnataka) for future reference. The method enables a judgment with respect to classifying the test substances to one of the series of Chemicals toxicity classes defined by fixed LD50 cut-off values. Yeast was purchased from a local market. The temperature in the experimental animal room Paracetamol tablets 500mg were obtained from was kept 25±3˚C. Lighting was artificial, the Remidex Pharma Pvt. Ltd. sequence of 12 hours light, 12 hours dark followed. For feeding, conventional laboratory diet was used Extraction of mushroom with water ad libitum. The animals were randomly The air dried powdered mushroom (500g) was selected and kept in their cages for at least 5 days extracted with 90% methanol in a Soxhlet prior to dosing to allow for acclimatization to the apparatus at 60°C. The extract was filtered and laboratory conditions. Emulsion was prepared concentrated to dryness at room temperature to using 1% Tween 80 as surfactant and the avoid decomposition of natural metabolites. The concentrations were prepared according to yield (18.36%) was used for the experimental 1.5ml/100g of body weight. studies [22, 8, 23-28]. The extracts were administered in a single dose by gavages using a stomach tube, after fasting the Animals animals for 3-4 hours. In each step, six animals For this study healthy Wistar Albino rats (150- were used, starting dose of methanol extract of 200g) were procured from the central animal mushrooms was 100mg/kg body weight, then 200, house, National College of Pharmacy, Shimoga 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 3000. Animals were district, Karnataka, India was used. Rats were observed initially after dosing at least once during maintained under controlled condition at the first 30 minutes, periodically during the first 24 temperature in the experimental animal room was hours. In all cases death was observed within first kept 25±3˚C and humidity 55%. Lighting was 24 hours. Additional observations like changes in artificial, the sequence of 12 hours light, 12 hours skin, fur, eyes, mucous membrane, respiratory, dark followed. For feeding, conventional laboratory circulatory and autonomic and central nervous diet was used with water ad libitum. The animals systems and somatomotor activity and behavior were randomly selected and kept in their cages for pattern. Attention was also given to observations of at least 5 days prior to dosing to allow for tremors and convulsions. Further the animals were acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. The under investigation up to a period of one week [29- experiments and procedure used in this study were

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