Comprehensive Diagnosis for Mitochondrial Disorders
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NDUFAF1 Antibody
Efficient Professional Protein and Antibody Platforms NDUFAF1 Antibody Basic information: Catalog No.: UPA63763 Source: Rabbit Size: 50ul/100ul Clonality: monoclonal Concentration: 1mg/ml Isotype: Rabbit IgG Purification: Protein A purified. Useful Information: WB:1:1000 ICC:1:50-1:200 Applications: IHC:1:50-1:200 FC:1:50-1:100 Reactivity: Human Specificity: This antibody recognizes NDUFAF1 protein. Immunogen: Synthetic peptide within C terminal human NDUFAF1. This gene encodes a complex I assembly factor protein. Complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) in the first step of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in the translocation of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein is required for assembly of complex I, and mutations in this gene are a cause of mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for Description: this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 19. Part of the mitochondrial complex I assembly (MCIA) com- plex. The complex comprises at least TMEM126B, NDUFAF1, ECSIT, and ACAD9. Interacts with ECSIT. Interacts with ACAD9. At early stages of com- plex I assembly, it is found in intermediate subcomplexes that contain dif- ferent subunits including NDUFB6, NDUFA6, NDUFA9, NDUFS3, NDUFS7, ND1, ND2 and ND3 Uniprot: Q9Y375 Human BiowMW: 38 kDa Buffer: 1*TBS (pH7.4), 1%BSA, 50%Glycerol. Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide. Storage: Store at 4°C short term and -20°C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. Note: For research use only, not for use in diagnostic procedure. -
Molecular Mechanism of ACAD9 in Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex 1 Assembly
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.07.425795; this version posted January 9, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Molecular mechanism of ACAD9 in mitochondrial respiratory complex 1 assembly Chuanwu Xia1, Baoying Lou1, Zhuji Fu1, Al-Walid Mohsen2, Jerry Vockley2, and Jung-Ja P. Kim1 1Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA Abstract ACAD9 belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, which catalyzes the α-β dehydrogenation of fatty acyl-CoA thioesters. Thus, it is involved in fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). However, it is now known that the primary function of ACAD9 is as an essential chaperone for mitochondrial respiratory complex 1 assembly. ACAD9 interacts with ECSIT and NDUFAF1, forming the mitochondrial complex 1 assembly (MCIA) complex. Although the role of MCIA in the complex 1 assembly pathway is well studied, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the interactions among these three assembly factors. Our current studies reveal that when ECSIT interacts with ACAD9, the flavoenzyme loses the FAD cofactor and consequently loses its FAO activity, demonstrating that the two roles of ACAD9 are not compatible. ACAD9 binds to the carboxy-terminal half (C-ECSIT), and NDUFAF1 binds to the amino-terminal half of ECSIT. Although the binary complex of ACAD9 with ECSIT or with C-ECSIT is unstable and aggregates easily, the ternary complex of ACAD9-ECSIT-NDUFAF1 (i.e., the MCIA complex) is soluble and extremely stable. -
The Mitochondrial Kinase PINK1 in Diabetic Kidney Disease
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review The Mitochondrial Kinase PINK1 in Diabetic Kidney Disease Chunling Huang * , Ji Bian , Qinghua Cao, Xin-Ming Chen and Carol A. Pollock * Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (Q.C.); [email protected] (X.-M.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.H.); [email protected] (C.A.P.); Tel.: +61-2-9926-4784 (C.H.); +61-2-9926-4652 (C.A.P.) Abstract: Mitochondria are critical organelles that play a key role in cellular metabolism, survival, and homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. The function of mitochondria is critically regulated by several mitochondrial protein kinases, including the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase 1 (PINK1). The focus of PINK1 research has been centered on neuronal diseases. Recent studies have revealed a close link between PINK1 and many other diseases including kidney diseases. This review will provide a concise summary of PINK1 and its regulation of mitochondrial function in health and disease. The physiological role of PINK1 in the major cells involved in diabetic kidney disease including proximal tubular cells and podocytes will also be summarized. Collectively, these studies suggested that targeting PINK1 may offer a promising alternative for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Keywords: PINK1; diabetic kidney disease; mitochondria; mitochondria quality control; mitophagy Citation: Huang, C.; Bian, J.; Cao, Q.; 1. Introduction Chen, X.-M.; Pollock, C.A. -
Molecular Genetic Delineation of 2Q37.3 Deletion in Autism and Osteodystrophy: Report of a Case and of New Markers for Deletion Screening by PCR
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Molecular genetic delineation of 2q37.3 deletion in autism and osteodystrophy: report of a case and of new markers for deletion screening by PCR. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83f0x61r Journal Cytogenetics and cell genetics, 94(1-2) ISSN 0301-0171 Authors Smith, M Escamilla, JR Filipek, P et al. Publication Date 2001 DOI 10.1159/000048775 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Original Article Cytogenet Cell Genet 94:15–22 (2001) Molecular genetic delineation of 2q37.3 deletion in autism and osteodystrophy: report of a case and of new markers for deletion screening by PCR M. Smith, J.R. Escamilla, P. Filipek, M.E. Bocian, C. Modahl, P. Flodman, and M.A. Spence Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine CA (USA) Abstract. We recently studied a patient who meets criteria us to determine the parental origin of the deletion in our for autistic disorder and has a 2q37 deletion. Molecular cyto- patient. DNA from 8–13 unrelated individuals was used to genetic studies were carried out using DNA isolated from 22 determine heterozygosity estimates for these markers. We re- different 2q37 mapped BACs to more precisely define the view four genes deleted in our patient – genes whose known extent of the chromosome deletion. We also analyzed 2q37 functions and sites of expression in the brain and/or bone make mapped polymorphic markers. In addition DNA sequences of them candidates for involvement in autism and/or the osteo- BACs in the deletion region were scanned to identify microsa- dystrophy observed in patients with 2q37.3 deletions. -
Analysis of Gene Expression Data for Gene Ontology
ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION DATA FOR GENE ONTOLOGY BASED PROTEIN FUNCTION PREDICTION A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Robert Daniel Macholan May 2011 ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION DATA FOR GENE ONTOLOGY BASED PROTEIN FUNCTION PREDICTION Robert Daniel Macholan Thesis Approved: Accepted: _______________________________ _______________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Zhong-Hui Duan Dr. Chien-Chung Chan _______________________________ _______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Chien-Chung Chan Dr. Chand K. Midha _______________________________ _______________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Yingcai Xiao Dr. George R. Newkome _______________________________ Date ii ABSTRACT A tremendous increase in genomic data has encouraged biologists to turn to bioinformatics in order to assist in its interpretation and processing. One of the present challenges that need to be overcome in order to understand this data more completely is the development of a reliable method to accurately predict the function of a protein from its genomic information. This study focuses on developing an effective algorithm for protein function prediction. The algorithm is based on proteins that have similar expression patterns. The similarity of the expression data is determined using a novel measure, the slope matrix. The slope matrix introduces a normalized method for the comparison of expression levels throughout a proteome. The algorithm is tested using real microarray gene expression data. Their functions are characterized using gene ontology annotations. The results of the case study indicate the protein function prediction algorithm developed is comparable to the prediction algorithms that are based on the annotations of homologous proteins. -
Supplement 1 Overview of Dystonia Genes
Supplement 1 Overview of genes that may cause dystonia in children and adolescents Gene (OMIM) Disease name/phenotype Mode of inheritance 1: (Formerly called) Primary dystonias (DYTs): TOR1A (605204) DYT1: Early-onset generalized AD primary torsion dystonia (PTD) TUBB4A (602662) DYT4: Whispering dystonia AD GCH1 (600225) DYT5: GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 AD deficiency THAP1 (609520) DYT6: Adolescent onset torsion AD dystonia, mixed type PNKD/MR1 (609023) DYT8: Paroxysmal non- AD kinesigenic dyskinesia SLC2A1 (138140) DYT9/18: Paroxysmal choreoathetosis with episodic AD ataxia and spasticity/GLUT1 deficiency syndrome-1 PRRT2 (614386) DYT10: Paroxysmal kinesigenic AD dyskinesia SGCE (604149) DYT11: Myoclonus-dystonia AD ATP1A3 (182350) DYT12: Rapid-onset dystonia AD parkinsonism PRKRA (603424) DYT16: Young-onset dystonia AR parkinsonism ANO3 (610110) DYT24: Primary focal dystonia AD GNAL (139312) DYT25: Primary torsion dystonia AD 2: Inborn errors of metabolism: GCDH (608801) Glutaric aciduria type 1 AR PCCA (232000) Propionic aciduria AR PCCB (232050) Propionic aciduria AR MUT (609058) Methylmalonic aciduria AR MMAA (607481) Cobalamin A deficiency AR MMAB (607568) Cobalamin B deficiency AR MMACHC (609831) Cobalamin C deficiency AR C2orf25 (611935) Cobalamin D deficiency AR MTRR (602568) Cobalamin E deficiency AR LMBRD1 (612625) Cobalamin F deficiency AR MTR (156570) Cobalamin G deficiency AR CBS (613381) Homocysteinuria AR PCBD (126090) Hyperphelaninemia variant D AR TH (191290) Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency AR SPR (182125) Sepiaterine reductase -
Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Α And
Upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and the lipid metabolism pathway promotes carcinogenesis of ampullary cancer Chih-Yang Wang, Ying-Jui Chao, Yi-Ling Chen, Tzu-Wen Wang, Nam Nhut Phan, Hui-Ping Hsu, Yan-Shen Shan, Ming-Derg Lai 1 Supplementary Table 1. Demographics and clinical outcomes of five patients with ampullary cancer Time of Tumor Time to Age Differentia survival/ Sex Staging size Morphology Recurrence recurrence Condition (years) tion expired (cm) (months) (months) T2N0, 51 F 211 Polypoid Unknown No -- Survived 193 stage Ib T2N0, 2.41.5 58 F Mixed Good Yes 14 Expired 17 stage Ib 0.6 T3N0, 4.53.5 68 M Polypoid Good No -- Survived 162 stage IIA 1.2 T3N0, 66 M 110.8 Ulcerative Good Yes 64 Expired 227 stage IIA T3N0, 60 M 21.81 Mixed Moderate Yes 5.6 Expired 16.7 stage IIA 2 Supplementary Table 2. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of an ampullary cancer microarray using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). This table contains only pathways with p values that ranged 0.0001~0.05. KEGG Pathway p value Genes Pentose and 1.50E-04 UGT1A6, CRYL1, UGT1A8, AKR1B1, UGT2B11, UGT2A3, glucuronate UGT2B10, UGT2B7, XYLB interconversions Drug metabolism 1.63E-04 CYP3A4, XDH, UGT1A6, CYP3A5, CES2, CYP3A7, UGT1A8, NAT2, UGT2B11, DPYD, UGT2A3, UGT2B10, UGT2B7 Maturity-onset 2.43E-04 HNF1A, HNF4A, SLC2A2, PKLR, NEUROD1, HNF4G, diabetes of the PDX1, NR5A2, NKX2-2 young Starch and sucrose 6.03E-04 GBA3, UGT1A6, G6PC, UGT1A8, ENPP3, MGAM, SI, metabolism -
High-Throughput, Pooled Sequencing Identifies Mutations in NUBPL And
ARTICLES High-throughput, pooled sequencing identifies mutations in NUBPL and FOXRED1 in human complex I deficiency Sarah E Calvo1–3,10, Elena J Tucker4,5,10, Alison G Compton4,10, Denise M Kirby4, Gabriel Crawford3, Noel P Burtt3, Manuel Rivas1,3, Candace Guiducci3, Damien L Bruno4, Olga A Goldberger1,2, Michelle C Redman3, Esko Wiltshire6,7, Callum J Wilson8, David Altshuler1,3,9, Stacey B Gabriel3, Mark J Daly1,3, David R Thorburn4,5 & Vamsi K Mootha1–3 Discovering the molecular basis of mitochondrial respiratory chain disease is challenging given the large number of both mitochondrial and nuclear genes that are involved. We report a strategy of focused candidate gene prediction, high-throughput sequencing and experimental validation to uncover the molecular basis of mitochondrial complex I disorders. We created seven pools of DNA from a cohort of 103 cases and 42 healthy controls and then performed deep sequencing of 103 candidate genes to identify 151 rare variants that were predicted to affect protein function. We established genetic diagnoses in 13 of 60 previously unsolved cases using confirmatory experiments, including cDNA complementation to show that mutations in NUBPL and FOXRED1 can cause complex I deficiency. Our study illustrates how large-scale sequencing, coupled with functional prediction and experimental validation, can be used to identify causal mutations in individual cases. Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is a large ~1-MDa assembly factors are probably required, as suggested by the 20 factors macromolecular machine composed of 45 protein subunits encoded necessary for assembly of the smaller complex IV9 and by cohort by both the nuclear and mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes. -
A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of Β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus
Page 1 of 781 Diabetes A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus Robert N. Bone1,6,7, Olufunmilola Oyebamiji2, Sayali Talware2, Sharmila Selvaraj2, Preethi Krishnan3,6, Farooq Syed1,6,7, Huanmei Wu2, Carmella Evans-Molina 1,3,4,5,6,7,8* Departments of 1Pediatrics, 3Medicine, 4Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, 5Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the 6Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, and the 7Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; 2Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202; 8Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202. *Corresponding Author(s): Carmella Evans-Molina, MD, PhD ([email protected]) Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, Telephone: (317) 274-4145, Fax (317) 274-4107 Running Title: Golgi Stress Response in Diabetes Word Count: 4358 Number of Figures: 6 Keywords: Golgi apparatus stress, Islets, β cell, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online August 20, 2020 Diabetes Page 2 of 781 ABSTRACT The Golgi apparatus (GA) is an important site of insulin processing and granule maturation, but whether GA organelle dysfunction and GA stress are present in the diabetic β-cell has not been tested. We utilized an informatics-based approach to develop a transcriptional signature of β-cell GA stress using existing RNA sequencing and microarray datasets generated using human islets from donors with diabetes and islets where type 1(T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) had been modeled ex vivo. To narrow our results to GA-specific genes, we applied a filter set of 1,030 genes accepted as GA associated. -
Deciphering the Gene Expression Profile of Peroxisome Proliferator
Chen et al. J Transl Med (2016) 14:157 DOI 10.1186/s12967-016-0871-3 Journal of Translational Medicine RESEARCH Open Access Deciphering the gene expression profile of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor signaling pathway in the left atria of patients with mitral regurgitation Mien‑Cheng Chen1*, Jen‑Ping Chang2, Yu‑Sheng Lin3, Kuo‑Li Pan3, Wan‑Chun Ho1, Wen‑Hao Liu1, Tzu‑Hao Chang4, Yao‑Kuang Huang5, Chih‑Yuan Fang1 and Chien‑Jen Chen1 Abstract Background: Differentially expressed genes in the left atria of mitral regurgitation (MR) pigs have been linked to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway in the KEGG pathway. However, specific genes of the PPAR signaling pathway in the left atria of MR patients have never been explored. Methods: This study enrolled 15 MR patients with heart failure, 7 patients with aortic valve disease and heart failure, and 6 normal controls. We used PCR assay (84 genes) for PPAR pathway and quantitative RT-PCR to study specific genes of the PPAR pathway in the left atria. Results: Gene expression profiling analysis through PCR assay identified 23 genes to be differentially expressed in the left atria of MR patients compared to normal controls. The expressions of APOA1, ACADM, FABP3, ETFDH, ECH1, CPT1B, CPT2, SLC27A6, ACAA2, SMARCD3, SORBS1, EHHADH, SLC27A1, PPARGC1B, PPARA and CPT1A were significantly up-regulated, whereas the expression of PLTP was significantly down-regulated in the MR patients compared to normal controls. The expressions of HMGCS2, ACADM, FABP3, MLYCD, ECH1, ACAA2, EHHADH, CPT1A and PLTP were significantly up-regulated in the MR patients compared to patients with aortic valve disease. -
Health Effects Support Document for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)
United States Office of Water EPA 822-R-16-003 Environmental Protection Mail Code 4304T May 2016 Agency Health Effects Support Document for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Perfluorooctanoic Acid – May 2016 i Health Effects Support Document for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water (4304T) Health and Ecological Criteria Division Washington, DC 20460 EPA Document Number: 822-R-16-003 May 2016 Perfluorooctanoic Acid – May 2016 ii BACKGROUND The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), as amended in 1996, requires the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to periodically publish a list of unregulated chemical contaminants known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and that may require regulation under SDWA. The SDWA also requires the Agency to make regulatory determinations on at least five contaminants on the Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) every 5 years. For each contaminant on the CCL, before EPA makes a regulatory determination, the Agency needs to obtain sufficient data to conduct analyses on the extent to which the contaminant occurs and the risk it poses to populations via drinking water. Ultimately, this information will assist the Agency in determining the most appropriate course of action in relation to the contaminant (e.g., developing a regulation to control it in drinking water, developing guidance, or deciding not to regulate it). The PFOA health assessment was initiated by the Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology in 2009. The draft Health Effects Support Document for Perfluoroctanoic Acid (PFOA) was completed in 2013 and released for public comment in February 2014. -
FOXRED1 (D-4): Sc-377010
SANTA CRUZ BIOTECHNOLOGY, INC. FOXRED1 (D-4): sc-377010 BACKGROUND APPLICATIONS FOXRED1 (FAD-dependent oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 1), also FOXRED1 (D-4) is recommended for detection of FOXRED1 of human origin known as FP634, is a 486 amino acid single-pass membrane protein. Utilizing by Western Blotting (starting dilution 1:100, dilution range 1:100-1:1000), FAD as a cofactor, FOXRED1 may act as a chaperone protein essential for the immunoprecipitation [1-2 µg per 100-500 µg of total protein (1 ml of cell function of mitochondrial complex I. Mutations to FOXRED1 may result in lysate)], immunofluorescence (starting dilution 1:50, dilution range 1:50- mitochondrial complex I deficiency (MT-C1D), which results in a wide range 1:500), immunohistochemistry (including paraffin-embedded sections) of clinical maladies from lethal neonatal disease to adult onset neurodegen- (starting dilution 1:50, dilution range 1:50-1:500) and solid phase ELISA erative disorders. Common phenotypes of MT-C1D include cardiomyopathy, (starting dilution 1:30, dilution range 1:30-1:3000). liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some Suitable for use as control antibody for FOXRED1 siRNA (h): sc-96988, forms of Parkinson disease. FOXRED1 exists as three alternatively spliced FOXRED1 shRNA Plasmid (h): sc-96988-SH and FOXRED1 shRNA (h) isoforms and is encoded by a gene mapping to human chromosome 11q24.2. Lentiviral Particles: sc-96988-V. With approximately 135 million base pairs and 1,400 genes, chromosome 11 makes up around 4% of human genomic DNA and is considered a gene and Molecular Weight of FOXRED1 isoform 1: 54 kDa.