Comparison of Different Signal Peptides for the Efficient Secretion
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Functional Expression of the Sweet-Tasting Protein Brazzein In
a ISSN 0101-2061 (Print) Food Science and Technology ISSN 1678-457X (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.40521 Functional expression of the sweet-tasting protein brazzein in transgenic tobacco Hyo-Eun CHOI1, Ji-In LEE1, Seon-Yeong JO1, Yun-Cheol CHAE2, Jeong-Hwan LEE3, Hyeon-Jin SUN4, Kisung KO3, Sungguan HONG1* , Kwang-Hoon KONG1* Abstract The sweet-tasting protein, brazzein, has potential as a low-calorie sugar substitute owing to its high sweetness, stability, and water solubility. In this study, the synthetic brazzein gene was expressed in the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum. Three types of expression cassettes containing the brazzein gene were constructed to examine the expression and purification efficiency of the brazzein: pBI-BZ1 containing a signal sequence and His-tag, pBI-BZ2 containing a signal sequence, and pBI-BZ3 containing only the brazzein gene. Brazzein expression confirmed by ELISA was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, heat treatment, and CM-sepharose chromatography. The purity and conformational state of the brazzein were confirmed using SDS-PAGE, HPLC, and circular dichroism. The identity of the brazzein was confirmed by N-terminal amino acid analysis, ESI-MS/MS, and sweetness analysis. We successfully generated brazzein overexpression tobacco plants, suggesting that this method could be used as a brazzein production platform to provide an alternative to currently produced sweeteners. Keywords: alternative sweetener; brazzein; Agrobacterium-mediated transformation; transgenic tobacco plant; protein purification. Practical Application: Our study provides an economic mass-production system for this sweet-tasting protein, brazzein, with potential use as an alternative sweetener in the food industry. 1 Introduction The appeal sweet food is undeniable, however, excessive (Assadi-Porter et al., 2000). -
(GLP-1) in Transgenic Plants
The Open Biotechnology Journal, 2009, 3, 57-66 57 Open Access A Proficient Approach to the Production of Therapeutic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) in Transgenic Plants M. Brandsma1, X. Wang1, H. Diao2,3, S.E. Kohalmi1, A.M. Jevnikar2,3 and S. Ma1,2,3,* 1Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada 2Transplantation Immunology Group, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6A 4G5, Canada 3Plantigen Inc., 700 Collip Circle, London, Ontario, N6G 4X8, Canada Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a small peptide hormone with potent insulinotropic activity and represents a promising new therapeutic tool for the treatment of diabetes. Like many other therapeutic peptides, GLP-1 is commonly produced using chemical synthesis methods, but is limited by product quantity and cost. The advent of recombinant DNA technology offers the possibility of producing GLP-1 inexpensively and in vast quantities. In this study, transgenic plants were used as a recombinant expression platform for the production of GLP-1 as a large multimeric protein. A synthetic gene encoding ten sequential tandem repeats of GLP-1 sequence (GLP-1x10) was produced and introduced into tobacco plants. Transcriptional expression of the GLP1x10 gene in transgenic plants was confirmed by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis showed that the GLP-1x10 protein efficiently accumulated in transgenic plants, with an accumulation level as high as 0.15% of total soluble protein in leaves. Importantly, insulin secretion assays using a mouse pancreatic cell line (MIN6), showed that plant-derived GLP-1 in its synthetic decamer form, retained its ability to stimulate cellular insulin secretion, although with reduced efficacy. -
Secondary Successions After Shifting Cultivation in a Dense Tropical Forest of Southern Cameroon (Central Africa)
Secondary successions after shifting cultivation in a dense tropical forest of southern Cameroon (Central Africa) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften vorgelegt beim Fachbereich 15 der Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main von Barthélemy Tchiengué aus Penja (Cameroon) Frankfurt am Main 2012 (D30) vom Fachbereich 15 der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität als Dissertation angenommen Dekan: Prof. Dr. Anna Starzinski-Powitz Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Katharina Neumann Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Wittig Datum der Disputation: 28. November 2012 Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 2 STUDY AREA ................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION .................................................................................. 4 2.2. GEOLOGY AND RELIEF ........................................................................................................................................ 5 2.3. SOIL ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.4. HYDROLOGY .................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.5. CLIMATE ........................................................................................................................................................ -
Nested Whole-Genome Duplications Coincide with Diversification And
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17605-7 OPEN Nested whole-genome duplications coincide with diversification and high morphological disparity in Brassicaceae Nora Walden 1,7, Dmitry A. German 1,5,7, Eva M. Wolf 1,7, Markus Kiefer 1, Philippe Rigault 1,2, Xiao-Chen Huang 1,6, Christiane Kiefer 1, Roswitha Schmickl3, Andreas Franzke 1, Barbara Neuffer4, ✉ Klaus Mummenhoff4 & Marcus A. Koch 1 1234567890():,; Angiosperms have become the dominant terrestrial plant group by diversifying for ~145 million years into a broad range of environments. During the course of evolution, numerous morphological innovations arose, often preceded by whole genome duplications (WGD). The mustard family (Brassicaceae), a successful angiosperm clade with ~4000 species, has been diversifying into many evolutionary lineages for more than 30 million years. Here we develop a species inventory, analyze morphological variation, and present a maternal, plastome-based genus-level phylogeny. We show that increased morphological disparity, despite an apparent absence of clade-specific morphological innovations, is found in tribes with WGDs or diversification rate shifts. Both are important processes in Brassicaceae, resulting in an overall high net diversification rate. Character states show frequent and independent gain and loss, and form varying combinations. Therefore, Brassicaceae pave the way to concepts of phy- logenetic genome-wide association studies to analyze the evolution of morphological form and function. 1 Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 2 GYDLE, 1135 Grande Allée Ouest, Québec, QC G1S 1E7, Canada. 3 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01, Prague, Czech Republic. -
Enhancing Sweetness and Stability of the Single Chain Monellin MNEI
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Sweeter and stronger: enhancing sweetness and stability of the single chain monellin MNEI through Received: 08 July 2016 Accepted: 07 September 2016 molecular design Published: 23 September 2016 Serena Leone1, Andrea Pica1, Antonello Merlino1, Filomena Sannino1, Piero Andrea Temussi1,2 & Delia Picone1 Sweet proteins are a family of proteins with no structure or sequence homology, able to elicit a sweet sensation in humans through their interaction with the dimeric T1R2-T1R3 sweet receptor. In particular, monellin and its single chain derivative (MNEI) are among the sweetest proteins known to men. Starting from a careful analysis of the surface electrostatic potentials, we have designed new mutants of MNEI with enhanced sweetness. Then, we have included in the most promising variant the stabilising mutation E23Q, obtaining a construct with enhanced performances, which combines extreme sweetness to high, pH-independent, thermal stability. The resulting mutant, with a sweetness threshold of only 0.28 mg/L (25 nM) is the strongest sweetener known to date. All the new proteins have been produced and purified and the structures of the most powerful mutants have been solved by X-ray crystallography. Docking studies have then confirmed the rationale of their interaction with the human sweet receptor, hinting at a previously unpredicted role of plasticity in said interaction. Sweet proteins are a family of structurally unrelated proteins that can elicit a sweet sensation in humans. To date, eight sweet and sweet taste-modifying proteins have been identified: monellin1, thaumatin2, brazzein3, pentadin4, mabinlin5, miraculin6, neoculin7 and lysozyme8. With the sole exception of lysozyme, all sweet proteins have been purified from plants, but, besides this common feature, they share no structure or sequence homology9. -
Ectopic Expression of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 for Gene Therapy of Type II Diabetes
Gene Therapy (2007) 14, 38–48 & 2007 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0969-7128/07 $30.00 www.nature.com/gt ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ectopic expression of glucagon-like peptide 1 for gene therapy of type II diabetes GB Parsons, DW Souza, H Wu, D Yu, SG Wadsworth, RJ Gregory and D Armentano Department of Molecular Biology, Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, MA, USA Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a promising candidate for lowered both the fasting and random-fed hyperglycemia the treatment of type II diabetes. However, the short in vivo present in these animals. Because the insulinotropic actions half-life of GLP-1 has made peptide-based treatments of GLP-1 are glucose dependent, no evidence of hypogly- challenging. Gene therapy aimed at achieving continuous cemia was observed. Improved glucose homeostasis was GLP-1 expression presents one way to circumvent the rapid demonstrated by improvements in %HbA1c (glycated he- turnover of GLP-1. We have created a GLP-1 minigene that moglobin) and in glucose tolerance tests. GLP-1-treated can direct the secretion of active GLP-1 (amino acids 7–37). animals had higher circulating insulin levels and increased Plasmid and adenoviral expression vectors encoding the 31- insulin immunostaining of pancreatic sections. GLP-1-treated amino-acid peptide linked to leader sequences required for ZDF rats showed diminished food intake and, in the first few secretion of GLP-1 yielded sustained levels of active GLP-1 weeks following vector administration, a diminished weight that were significantly greater than endogenous levels. gain. These results demonstrate the feasibility of gene Systemic administration of expression vectors to animals therapy for type II diabetes using GLP-1 expression vectors. -
Sweet Sensations by Judie Bizzozero | Senior Editor
[Confections] July 2015 Sweet Sensations By Judie Bizzozero | Senior Editor By R.J. Foster, Contributing Editor For many, terms like “reduced-sugar” or “sugar-free” do not go with the word “candy.” And yet, the confectionery industry is facing growing demand for treats that offer the taste people have grown to love without the adverse health effects they’re looking to avoid. Thankfully, there is a growing palette of ingredients from which candy makers can paint a new picture of sweetness that will be appreciated by the even most discerning of confectionery critics. SUGAR ALCOHOLS Also referred to as polyols, sugar alcohols are a common ingredient in reduced-sugar and sugar-free applications, especially confections. Funny thing, they’re not sugars or alcohols. Carbohydrate chains composed of monomeric, dimeric and polymeric units, polyols resemble both sugars and alcohols, but do not contain an ethanol molecule. All but two sugar alcohols are less sweet than sugar. Being only partially digestible, though, replacing a portion of a formulation’s sugar with a sugar alcohol reduces total calories without losing bulk (which can occur when replacing sugar with high-intensity sweeteners). Unique flavoring, texturizing and moisture-controlling effects also make polyols well-suited for confectionery products. Two very common and very similar monomeric polyols are sorbitol and mannitol. Present in a variety of fruits and vegetables, both are derived from products of cornstarch hydrolysis. Sorbitol is made via hydrogenation of glucose, which is why sorbitol is sometimes referred to as glucitol. Mannitol is created when fructose hydrogenation converts fructose into mannose, for which the final product, mannitol, is named. -
Biogeography and Diversification of Brassicales
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 99 (2016) 204–224 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Biogeography and diversification of Brassicales: A 103 million year tale ⇑ Warren M. Cardinal-McTeague a,1, Kenneth J. Sytsma b, Jocelyn C. Hall a, a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada b Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA article info abstract Article history: Brassicales is a diverse order perhaps most famous because it houses Brassicaceae and, its premier mem- Received 22 July 2015 ber, Arabidopsis thaliana. This widely distributed and species-rich lineage has been overlooked as a Revised 24 February 2016 promising system to investigate patterns of disjunct distributions and diversification rates. We analyzed Accepted 25 February 2016 plastid and mitochondrial sequence data from five gene regions (>8000 bp) across 151 taxa to: (1) Available online 15 March 2016 produce a chronogram for major lineages in Brassicales, including Brassicaceae and Arabidopsis, based on greater taxon sampling across the order and previously overlooked fossil evidence, (2) examine Keywords: biogeographical ancestral range estimations and disjunct distributions in BioGeoBEARS, and (3) determine Arabidopsis thaliana where shifts in species diversification occur using BAMM. The evolution and radiation of the Brassicales BAMM BEAST began 103 Mya and was linked to a series of inter-continental vicariant, long-distance dispersal, and land BioGeoBEARS bridge migration events. North America appears to be a significant area for early stem lineages in the Brassicaceae order. Shifts to Australia then African are evident at nodes near the core Brassicales, which diverged Cleomaceae 68.5 Mya (HPD = 75.6–62.0). -
Essen Rivesta Issue 26
ISSUE NO 27 FEB ‘19 2 ABOUT THE EDITION, 3 SWEETNER FOR SUGAR INDUSTRY SWEET NEWS FOR FARMERS: NOW, ELECTION REPORT: ‘LOAN OF A DISEASE-RESISTANT SUGARCANE ₹12,000 CRORES’ Sujakumari M Keerthiga R R Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya has The Narendra Modi government is looking at yet produced tissue culture saplings of disease-free another relief package for sugar companies, and this sugarcane plant with naturally high level of is going to be twice the size of one announced in sweetness, which will translate into good quality September 2018.This relief package facilitates the sugar in mills. This is the first time such a sapling has loan which is nearly ₹12,000 crore for which the ex- been produced. chequer will bear 5-6% interest subvention for 5 IGKV has four lakh such saplings available for sale years. The loans will be granted for enhancing at a rate of ₹8 per piece. The IGKV tissue culture lab ethanol production. The package is being finalised by developed the variety using sugarcane from the Prime Minister’s Office, Finance Ministry, Coimbatore. Lab in charge, Dr SL Verma said, Agriculture Ministry and the Food Ministry. farmers generally sow sugarcane either as a mature India is staring at a second consecutive year of step bud shoots, or by extracting buds by a chipping surplus sugar production this season. Indian Sugar machine and sowing them directly in the soil. “The Mills Association has estimated the country’s sugar practice however requires massive quantity of buds output in 2018-19 at 31.5-32 million tonnes. -
Signaling Peptides in Plants
lopmen ve ta e l B D io & l l o l g e y C Cell & Developmental Biology Ghorbani, et al., Cell Dev Biol 2014, 3:2 ISSN: 2168-9296 DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000141 Review Article Open Access Signaling Peptides in Plants Sarieh Ghorbani1,2, Ana Fernandez1,2, Pierre Hilson3,4 and Tom Beeckman1,2* 1Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium 2Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium 3INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France 4AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France *Corresponding author: Tom Beeckman, Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium, Tel: 32-0-93313830; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: May 03, 2014; Acc date: Jun 16, 2014; Pub date: Jun 18, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Ghorbani S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract In multicellular organisms, growth and development need to be precisely coordinated and are strongly relying on positional information. Positional control is achieved through exchanges of molecular messages between cells and tissues by means of cell-to-cell communication mechanisms. Especially in plants, accurate and well-controlled cell-to-cell communication networks are essential because of the complete absence of cell mobility and the presence of rigid cell walls. For many years, phytohormones were thought to be the main messengers exchanged between cells. -
Highly Sweet Compounds of Plant Origin T
glrthi~eS of ~armata[ ge~earth Arch Pharm Res Vol 25, No 6, 725-746, 2002 http://apr.psk.or.kr Highly Sweet Compounds of Plant Origin t Nam-Cheol Kim I and A. Douglas Kinghorn 2 1Chemistry and Life Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, U.S.A. and 2Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. (Received October 18, 2002) The demand for new alternative "low calorie" sweeteners for dietetic and diabetic purposes has increased worldwide. Although the currently developed and commercially used highly sweet sucrose substitutes are mostly synthetic compounds, the search for such compounds from natural sources is continuing. As of mid-2002, over 100 plant-derived sweet compounds of 20 major structural types had been reported, and were isolated from more than 25 different families of green plants. Several of these highly sweet natural products are marketed as sweeteners or flavoring agents in some countries as pure compounds, compound mixtures, or refined extracts. These highly sweet natural substances are reviewed herein. Key words: Low-Calorie Natural Sweeteners, Plants, Glycyrrhizin, Mogroside V, Rebaudio- side A, Stevioside, Thaumatin, Terpenoids, Steroids, Flavonoids, Proteins INTRODUCTION Most of the currently available potently sweet, low calorie sucrose substitutes in the world market are synthetic com- The consumption of sucrose as a sweetener has been pounds, inclusive of acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, associated with several nutritional and medical problems, cyclamate, saccharin, and sucralose (Duffy and Anderson, with dental caries being the most widely described (Grenby, 1998). -
The Butterfly Plant Arms-Race Escalated by Gene and Genome Duplications
The butterfly plant arms-race escalated by gene and genome duplications Patrick P. Edgera,b,c,1, Hanna M. Heidel-Fischerd,1, Michaël Bekaerte, Jadranka Rotaf, Gernot Glöcknerg,h, Adrian E. Plattsi, David G. Heckeld, Joshua P. Derj,k, Eric K. Wafulaj, Michelle Tanga, Johannes A. Hofbergerl, Ann Smithsonm,n, Jocelyn C. Hallo, Matthieu Blanchettei, Thomas E. Bureaup, Stephen I. Wrightq, Claude W. dePamphilisj, M. Eric Schranzl, Michael S. Barkerb, Gavin C. Conantr,s, Niklas Wahlbergf, Heiko Vogeld, J. Chris Piresa,s,2, and Christopher W. Wheatt,2 aDivision of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; bDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; cDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; dDepartment of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; eInstitute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, United Kingdom; fDepartment of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; gLeibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; hInstitute for Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, 50931 Koeln, Germany; iMcGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0E9; jDepartment of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16803; kDepartment of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831; lBiosystematics Group, Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700