Review of Advanced Coding

• JPEG2000

• H.264

• MPEG-21 What is JPEG 2000?

• JPEG 2000 is a -based image-compression standard, developed by the same ISO committee that previously developed JPEG, although with a different group of participants and contributors. • JPEG 2000 was conceived as a next generation standard that would improve on the performance of JPEG while, more significantly, adding features and capabilities not available with Baseline JPEG compression. Why use JPEG 2000? • Open Standard – Royalty free • One master supports multiple derivatives – One file for both lossless and lossy data – Progressive display and scalable rendering – One algorithm for both lossless and • Region-of-Interest (ROI) on coding and access • Easily handles large images – Multiple components and high bit-depth images • Generous support JPEG 2000 Standard - Parts 1-6

Part 1: Core Part 3: Motion Part 4: Conformance Part 6: Compound Coding System JPEG2000 Testing Image

Part 5: Reference Part 2: Extensions Software JPEG 2000 Standard - Parts 8-13 Part 8: JPSEC Part 9: JPIP Part 10: JP3D Part 11: JPWL Secure JPEG2000 Interactivity Tools 3D & Floating Pt Wireless

Part 12: ISO Part 13: Entry-Level Media File Format JPEG2000 Encoder Key Under Development Encode Published One Master  Multiple Derivatives

• A single JPEG2000 master can serve multiple uses – Scale by resolution • Thumbnail image • Screen resolution image • Print quality image – Scale by quality • Lossless  Lossy • Preset file size • Key enabling technologies – – Embedded block coding One Master  Multiple Derivatives

Master Image Derived Image

MediumLowThumbnail res res image image

Codestream Packets truncatedRegion of by reordered qualityInterest by layer Selected JPEG 2000 File Format Family • JP2 (JPEG 2000 Core, Part 1) – Single image, continuous codestream • JPX (JPEG 2000 Extensions, Part 2) – Multiple codestreams, possibly fragmented

• MJ2 (Motion JPEG 2000, Part 3) – Timed sequence of JPEG 2000 images – Intra-frame coding only

• JPM (JPEG 2000 Multi-Layer, Part 6) – MRC model for compound document images – Multiple images (binary and contone) and pages Chronological Table of Video Coding Standards

ITU-T H.263 H.263++ VCEG (1995/96) H.263+ (2000) H.261 (1997/98) H.264 (1990) MPEG-2 ( MPEG-4 (H.262) Part 10 ) (1994/95) MPEG-4 v1 (2002) ISO/IEC (1998/99) MPEG MPEG-4 v2 MPEG-1 (1999/00) (1993) MPEG-4 v3 (2001)

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 Position of H.264 MPEG-21: putting it all together

From the MPEG-21 Proposed Draft Technical Report: “ Many elements exist to build an infrastructure for the delivery and consumption of multimedia content. There is, however, no 'big picture' to describe how the specification of these elements, either in existence or under development, relate to each other. The aim of MPEG-21 is: 1) to understand if and how these various components fit together and 2) to discuss which new standards may be required, if gaps in the infrastructure exist and, once the above two points have been reached, 3) to actually accomplish the integration of different standards. ”

• In MPEG-21, all Users have Rights and Interests – And they all need to be able to express those Pictorial overview of MPEG-21 • • • Examples “Resource” “Item” “Container” • • Examples Resource Mgt. (QoS) Mgt. Resource Resource Abstraction • • • Examples Watermarking Authentication Encryption : : A User :  Authorization/Value Exchange Transaction/Use/Relationship  Event Reporting Event Digital Item a R management n I e Management D D d Terminals & D Intellectual M d p Protection and usage and e i i Networks Property e g g r u D Content n c e i i o l t t t t and e l s n a a a i i s f m e r l t l i c c n a e I I r e a t t t n t i a d i p t e e o t i t i m m t o a n i i o n o n n   • • Examples Content Descriptors Content Identifiers Unique • • Examples Scalability Synthetic and Natural • • Examples Content Personalization Content Mgt. Storage User B User : : : Demos of JPEG2000