A Comprehensive Understanding of Electro-Fermentation
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Microbial Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries and Medicine
BioMed Research International Microbial Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries and Medicine Guest Editors: Periasamy Anbu, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Arzu Coleri Cihan, and Bidur Prasad Chaulagain Microbial Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries and Medicine BioMed Research International Microbial Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries and Medicine Guest Editors: Periasamy Anbu, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Arzu Coleri Cihan, and Bidur Prasad Chaulagain Copyright © 2013 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “BioMed Research International.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Contents Microbial Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries and Medicine,PeriasamyAnbu, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Arzu Coleri Cihan, and Bidur Prasad Chaulagain Volume 2013, Article ID 204014, 2 pages Effect of C/N Ratio and Media Optimization through Response Surface Methodology on Simultaneous Productions of Intra- and Extracellular Inulinase and Invertase from Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611, Mojdeh Dinarvand, Malahat Rezaee, Malihe Masomian, Seyed Davoud Jazayeri, Mohsen Zareian, Sahar Abbasi, and Arbakariya B. Ariff Volume 2013, Article ID 508968, 13 pages A Broader View: Microbial Enzymes and Their Relevance in Industries, Medicine, and Beyond, Neelam Gurung, Sumanta Ray, Sutapa Bose, and Vivek Rai Volume 2013, Article -
The Switch from Fermentation to Respiration in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Is Regulated by the Ert1 Transcriptional Activator/Repressor
INVESTIGATION The Switch from Fermentation to Respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Regulated by the Ert1 Transcriptional Activator/Repressor Najla Gasmi,* Pierre-Etienne Jacques,† Natalia Klimova,† Xiao Guo,§ Alessandra Ricciardi,§ François Robert,†,** and Bernard Turcotte*,‡,§,1 ‡Department of Medicine, *Department of Biochemistry, and §Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1, †Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H2W 1R7, and **Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7 ABSTRACT In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fermentation is the major pathway for energy production, even under aerobic conditions. However, when glucose becomes scarce, ethanol produced during fermentation is used as a carbon source, requiring a shift to respiration. This adaptation results in massive reprogramming of gene expression. Increased expression of genes for gluconeogenesis and the glyoxylate cycle is observed upon a shift to ethanol and, conversely, expression of some fermentation genes is reduced. The zinc cluster proteins Cat8, Sip4, and Rds2, as well as Adr1, have been shown to mediate this reprogramming of gene expression. In this study, we have characterized the gene YBR239C encoding a putative zinc cluster protein and it was named ERT1 (ethanol regulated transcription factor 1). ChIP-chip analysis showed that Ert1 binds to a limited number of targets in the presence of glucose. The strongest enrichment was observed at the promoter of PCK1 encoding an important gluconeogenic enzyme. With ethanol as the carbon source, enrichment was observed with many additional genes involved in gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial function. Use of lacZ reporters and quantitative RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that Ert1 regulates expression of its target genes in a manner that is highly redundant with other regulators of gluconeogenesis. -
The Syntrophy Hypothesis for the Origin of Eukaryotes Revisited Purificación López-García, David Moreira
The Syntrophy hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotes revisited Purificación López-García, David Moreira To cite this version: Purificación López-García, David Moreira. The Syntrophy hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotes revisited. Nature Microbiology, Nature Publishing Group, 2020, 5 (5), pp.655-667. 10.1038/s41564- 020-0710-4. hal-02988531 HAL Id: hal-02988531 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02988531 Submitted on 3 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 2 Perspectives 3 4 5 6 The Syntrophy hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotes revisited 7 8 Purificación López-García1 and David Moreira1 9 10 1 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Orsay, France 11 12 13 14 *Correspondence to: [email protected] 15 16 17 18 19 1 20 The discovery of Asgard archaea, phylogenetically closer to eukaryotes than other archaea, together with 21 improved knowledge of microbial ecology impose new constraints on emerging models for the origin of the 22 eukaryotic cell (eukaryogenesis). Long-held views are metamorphosing in favor of symbiogenetic models 23 based on metabolic interactions between archaea and bacteria. These include the classical Searcy’s and 24 hydrogen hypothesis, and the more recent Reverse Flow and Entangle-Engulf-Enslave (E3) models. -
Novel Industrial Bioprocesses for Production of Key Valuable Steroid Precursors from Phytosterol
Novel industrial bioprocesses for production of key valuable steroid precursors from phytosterol Project acronym: MySterI (Mycobacterial Steroids for Industry) Project no: EIB.12.010 Name: Carlos Barreiro ERA‐IB‐2 final conference, Berlin, 16./17.02.2016 Project partners 2 Research Centres 2 Universities 1 SME 1 Large Enterprise Project acronym: MySterI ERA‐IB‐2 Final conference, Berlin, 16./17.02.2016 www.era‐ib.net P1: INBIOTEC Project partners • P1: COORDINATOR: Asociación de investigación‐ INBIOTEC‐Instituto de Biotecnología de León (Research Centre). León (Spain). • Dr. Carlos Barreiro, Dr. Antonio Rodríguez‐García, Dr. Alberto Sola‐Landa MySterI tasks of INBOTEC: ‐Genome sequencing Mycobacterium sp NRRL B‐3805 ‐Genome mining and annotation ‐Transcriptomics (microarrays, RNAseq) ‐Proteomics (secretome analysis) • Total project budget: 93 000 € Project acronym: MySterI ERA‐IB‐2 Final conference, Berlin, 16./17.02.2016 www.era‐ib.net P2: Pharmins ltd. Project partners • P2: Pharmins Ltd. (SME) Pushchino (Russian Federation) • Dr. Marina Donova MySterI tasks of Pharmins: ‐Genome sequencing Mycobacterium sp NRRL B‐3805 ‐Biochemical characterization of proteins ‐Sterol conversion by modified mycobacterial strains ‐Two‐steps fermentation to obtain 11‐α‐OH‐AD ‐Modification of 11α‐hydroxylase enzymes • Total project budget: 123 743 € Project acronym: MySterI ERA‐IB‐2 Final conference, Berlin, 16./17.02.2016 www.era‐ib.net P3: University of York Project partners • P3: University of York (University) York (UK) • Professor Maggie Smith, Dr Jessica Loraine MySterI tasks of U. of York: ‐Genome sequencing Mycobacterium sp NRRL B‐3805 ‐Genetic tools and strain development ‐Development of DNA transformation procedures ‐Development of gene knock‐out techniques ‐Development of promoters to control gene expression • Total project budget: 312 246€ Project acronym: MySterI ERA‐IB‐2 Final conference, Berlin, 16./17.02.2016 www.era‐ib.net P4: Stiftelsen SINTEF Project partners • P4: Stiftelsen SINTEF (Research centre). -
Fermentation Microorganisms and Flavor Changes in Fermented Foods R.F
Fermentation Technology—12th World Congress of Food Science and Technology Fermentation Microorganisms and Flavor Changes in Fermented Foods R.F. MCFEETERS ABSTRACT: Food fermentation processes often result in profound changes in flavor relative to the starting ingredients. However, fermenting foods are typically very complex ecosystems with active enzyme systems from the ingredient materials interacting with the metabolic activities of the fermentation organisms. Factors such as added salt, particle sizes, temperature, and oxygen levels will also have important effects on the chemistry that occurs during fermentation. This is a brief review of recent research on flavor changes in food fermentations. The emphasis will be on the role of lactic acid bacteria in changing the compounds that help determine the character of fermented foods from plant-based substrates. Introduction GC-olfactometry led to recognition of a compound with an odor actic acid bacteria influence the flavor of fermented foods in a close to that of the fermentation brine. The compound with a fer- Lvariety of ways. In many cases, the most obvious change in a lac- mentation brine odor was identified as trans-4-hexenoic acid. They tic acid fermentation is the production of acid and lowering pH that also tentatively identified the presence of cis-4-hexenoic acid. In a results in an increase in sourness. Since most of the acid produced reconstitution experiment, a solution that contained 25 ppm trans- in fermentations will be produced by the metabolism of sugars, 4-hexenoic acid, 10 ppm phenyl ethyl alcohol, 0.65% lactic acid, sweetness will likely decrease as sourness increases. The produc- 0.05% acetic acid, and 8% NaCl had an odor very similar to that of tion of volatile flavor components tends to be the first mechanism brine from fermented cucumbers. -
Acidogenic Properties of Carbohydrate-Rich Wasted Potato and Microbial Community Analysis: Effect of Ph
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering VOL. 128 No. 1, 50e55, 2019 www.elsevier.com/locate/jbiosc Acidogenic properties of carbohydrate-rich wasted potato and microbial community analysis: Effect of pH Yan Li,* Xiaodong Zhang, Haipeng Xu, Hui Mu, Dongliang Hua, Fuqiang Jin, and Guangfan Meng Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), China Key Laboratory for Biomass Gasification Technology of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, China Received 28 August 2018; accepted 18 December 2018 Available online 14 January 2019 Vegetable waste is one of the major organic solid residues available for sustainable biogas production. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility and optimal controlling strategy for acidogenic fermentation of wasted potato (WP). Three leaching bed reactors (LBRs) were operated at various pH values (6.0, 7.0 and 8.0) with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 6.7 g volatile solid/(L$d) and hydraulic retention time of 6 d. Butyric acid-type fermentation with butyric acid as predominant volatile fatty acid (VFA) was observed with a concentration and proportion (of total VFAs) of butyric acid, which were 7.8 g/L, 49.7 % and 9.6 g/L and 52.2 % at pH 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. Conversely, at pH 8.0, mixed acid- type fermentation was observed with acetic and butyric acid as the major VFAs. Control experiment without pH manipulation didn’t perform well in VFAs production at first 6 days and then VFAs concentration increased as pH value was adjusted to 8. It was indicated that the inhibition was caused by high undissociated VFAs concentration due to low pH and the VFAs production could be improved through pH control strategy to regulate the undissociated VFAs con- centration. -
Improving Microbial Electrosynthesis of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) From
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/214577; this version posted November 7, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Improving microbial electrosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from CO2 by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 using an immobilized iron complex modified cathode Karthikeyan Rengasamy, Tahina Onina Ranaivoarisoa, Rajesh Singh, Arpita Bose* Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA. Abstract Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a promising bioelectrochemical approach to produce biochemicals. A previous study showed that Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 can directly use poised electrodes as electron donors for photoautotrophic growth at cathodic potentials that avoid electrolytic H2 production (photoelectroautotrophy). To make TIE-1 an effective biocatalyst for MES, we need to improve its electron uptake ability and growth under photoelectroautotrophic conditions. Because TIE-1 interacts with various forms of iron while using it as a source of electrons for photoautotrophy (photoferrotrophy), we tested the ability of iron-based redox mediators to enhance direct electron uptake. Our data show that soluble iron cannot act as a redox mediator for electron uptake by TIE-1 from a cathode poised at +100mV vs. Standard Hydrogen electrode. We then tested whether an immobilized iron-based redox mediator Prussian Blue (PB) can enhance electron uptake by TIE-1. Chronoamperometry indicates that cathodic current uptake by TIE-1 increased from 1.47 ± 0.04 to 5.6 ± 0.09 µA/cm2 (3.8 times) and the production of the bioplastic, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) improved from 13.5 ± 0.2 g/L to 18.8 ± 0.5 g/L (1.4 times) on electrodes coated with PB. -
Effect of Temperature on a Miniaturized Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Hao Ren*, Chenming Jiang and Junseok Chae
Ren et al. Micro and Nano Syst Lett (2017) 5:13 DOI 10.1186/s40486-017-0048-8 LETTER Open Access Effect of temperature on a miniaturized microbial fuel cell (MFC) Hao Ren*, Chenming Jiang and Junseok Chae Abstract A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bioinspired energy converter which directly converts biomass into electricity through the catalytic activity of a specific species of bacteria. The effect of temperature on a miniaturized microbial fuel cell with Geobacter sulfurreducens dominated mixed inoculum is investigated in this paper for the first time. The miniatur- ized MFC warrants investigation due to its small thermal mass, and a customized setup is built for the temperature effect characterization. The experiment demonstrates that the optimal temperature for the miniaturized MFC is 322–326 K (49–53 °C). When the temperature is increased from 294 to 322 K, a remarkable current density improve- 2 ment of 282% is observed, from 2.2 to 6.2 Am− . Furthermore, we perform in depth analysis on the effect of tempera- ture on the miniaturized MFC, and found that the activation energy for the current limiting mechanism of the MFC is approximately between 0.132 and 0.146 eV, and the result suggest that the electron transfer between cytochrome c is the limiting process for the miniaturized MFC. Keywords: Microbial fuel cell (MFC), Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), Temperature effect, Activation energy, Extracellular electron transfer (EET), Cytochrome c, Rate limiting step Background and power density than other types of exoelectrogen. The A microbial fuel cell electrochemically converts bio- effect of temperature on microbial fuel cells with Geo- mass into electricity through the catalytic activity of bacter as exoelectrogen has been investigated by many specific species of bacteria, named exoelectrogen or researchers, and it is reported that the optimal temper- anode-respiring bacteria, which are capable of transfer ature to be 298–303 K (25–30 °C) for macro/mesoscale electrons outside their outer membrane [1–3]. -
Microbial Structure and Energy Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells Powered with Waste Anaerobic Digestate
energies Article Microbial Structure and Energy Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells Powered with Waste Anaerobic Digestate Dawid Nosek * and Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-89-523-4144; Fax: +48-89-523-4131 Received: 19 July 2020; Accepted: 7 September 2020; Published: 10 September 2020 Abstract: Development of economical and environment-friendly Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) technology should be associated with waste management. However, current knowledge regarding microbiological bases of electricity production from complex waste substrates is insufficient. In the following study, microbial composition and electricity generation were investigated in MFCs powered with waste volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from anaerobic digestion of primary sludge. Two anode sizes were tested, resulting in organic loading rates (OLRs) of 69.12 and 36.21 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/(g MLSS d) in MFC1 and MFC2, respectively. Time of MFC operation affected the microbial · structure and the use of waste VFAs promoted microbial diversity. High abundance of Deftia sp. and Methanobacterium sp. characterized start-up period in MFCs. During stable operation, higher OLR in MFC1 favored growth of exoelectrogens from Rhodopseudomonas sp. (13.2%) resulting in a higher and more stable electricity production in comparison with MFC2. At a lower OLR in MFC2, the percentage of exoelectrogens in biomass decreased, while the abundance of genera Leucobacter, Frigoribacterium and Phenylobacterium increased. In turn, this efficiently decomposed complex organic substances, favoring high and stable COD removal (over 85%). -
Biofilm Engineering Approaches for Improving the Performance Of
REVIEW published: 05 July 2018 doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2018.00063 Biofilm Engineering Approaches for Improving the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioelectrochemical Systems Maria Joseph Angelaalincy 1, Rathinam Navanietha Krishnaraj 2, Ganeshan Shakambari 1, Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar 3, Shanmugam Kathiresan 4 and Perumal Varalakshmi 1* 1 Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India, 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing – Biomaterials Center, Rapid City, SD, United States, 3 Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India, 4 Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are emerging as a promising future technology for a wide range Edited by: Abudukeremu Kadier, of applications in addition to sustainable electricity generation. Electroactive (EA) biofilms National University of Malaysia, produced by microorganisms are the key players in the bioelectrochemical systems Malaysia involving microorganism mediated electrocatalytic reactions. Therefore, genetically Reviewed by: modifying the organism for increased production of EA biofilms and improving the extra G. Velvizhi, Indian Institute of Chemical electron transfer (EET) mechanisms may attribute to increase in current density of a MFC Technology (CSIR), India and an increased COD removal in wastewater treatment plant coupled MFC systems. Özlem Onay, Anadolu University, Turkey Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) produced by the organisms attribute to both biofilm *Correspondence: formation and electron transfer. Although cell surface modification, media optimization Perumal Varalakshmi and operation parameters validation are established as enhancement strategies for a fuel [email protected] cell performance, engineering the vital genes involved in electroactive biofilm formation Specialty section: is the future hope. -
Seasonal Energy Storage Potential Assessment of Wwtps with Power-To-Methane Technology
energies Article Seasonal Energy Storage Potential Assessment of WWTPs with Power-to-Methane Technology Zoltán Csed˝o 1,2, Botond Sinóros-Szabó 1 and Máté Zavarkó 1,2,* 1 Power-to-Gas Hungary Kft, 5000 Szolnok, Hungary; [email protected] (Z.C.); [email protected] (B.S.-S.) 2 Department of Management and Organization, Corvinus University of Budapest, 1093 Budapest, Hungary * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 August 2020; Accepted: 18 September 2020; Published: 22 September 2020 Abstract: Power-to-methane technology (P2M) deployment at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for seasonal energy storage might land on the agenda of decision-makers across EU countries, since large WWTPs produce a notable volume of biogas that could be injected into the natural gas grid with remarkable storage capacities. Because of the recent rapid increase of local photovoltaics (PV), it is essential to explore the role of WWTPs in energy storage and the conditions under which this potential can be realized. This study integrates a techno-economic assessment of P2M technology with commercial/investment attractiveness of seasonal energy storage at large WWTPs. Findings show that a standardized 1 MWel P2M technology would fit with most potential sites. This is in line with the current technology readiness level of P2M, but increasing electricity prices and limited financial resources of WWTPs would decrease the commercial attractiveness of P2M technology deployment. Based on a Hungarian case study, public funding, biomethane feed-in tariff and minimized or compensated surplus electricity sourcing costs are essential to realize the energy storage potential at WWTPs. Keywords: seasonal energy storage; power-to-methane; wastewater treatment plants; techno- economic assessment 1. -
Enhanced Acidogenesis by the Degenerated Clostridium Sp. Strain on a Continuous Membrane Cell Recycle Reactor
Research Article Adv Biotech & Micro - Volume 7 Issue 4 November 2017 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Annamma AO DOI: 10.19080/AIBM.2017.07.555716 Enhanced Acidogenesis by the Degenerated Clostridium Sp. Strain on a Continuous Membrane Cell Recycle Reactor Hiral S, Abhishek M, Aruna GA, Annamma AO* and Arvind Lali DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology (Formerly UDCT), India Submission: July 13, 2017; Published: November 28, 2017 *Corresponding author: Annamma AO, DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences Institute of Chemical Technology (Formerly UDCT), Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai-400019, India, Tel: 02233612310; Fax: 02233611020; Email: Abstract Microbial organic acids production is being extensively studied to achieve success at industrial scale. Commercial organic acid production employs homofermentative microbes while the use of heterofermentative organisms has been restricted due to expensive downstream processes. ClostridiumWith development acetobutylicum on appropriate inexpensive separation technology for separation of a mixture of organic acids, heterofermentative-1 and total organic acid fermentation may soon-1 become.h-1 feasible at large scale. Present work aims-1.h at-1 enhancing organic acid production by the degenerated strain of ATCC4259. At batch mode, pH 6 resulted in the highest total organic acid concentration of 10.22g.L acid productivity of 0.58g.L . The constant specific productivity of 1.1g.g obtained-1 for total organic acid at different pH values proved that total organic acid productivity is not governed by pH of the medium but is dependent on cell growth. However, the metabolic shifts in the cell were proved to be subject to external pH values.