El Género GEITODORIS BERGH, 1981 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia)

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El Género GEITODORIS BERGH, 1981 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) Rev. Acad. Canar.Cienc., II, 99 -120 (1990) EL GENERO GEITODORIS BERGH, 1891 (MOLLUSCA: NUDIBRANCHIA) EN LAS ISLAS CANARIAS Jesus Ortea Depto. Biologia Organismos y Sistemas. Lab. Zoologia, Universidad de Oviedo ABSTRACT The study of the genus Geitodoris Bergh, 1894, in the Canary Islands has shown the presence of four species: G. planata (Aiders Hancock, 1846), from the Atlantic European coast, G. pusae (Marcus, 1955), from the Caribbean Sea and Brazil, together with two other new ones, G. perfossa and G. bacalladoi . All their anatomies are studied in detail. KEY WORDS: Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Geitodoris, Taxonomy, Canary Islands INTRODUCCION Desde que en 1980 y con la puesta en marcha del Plan de Bentos Circuncanario, iniciamos el estudio de los Opistobranquios de las Islas Canarias, hemos ido abordando distintos aspectos de las especies del suborden Doridacea: redescripcion de las especies de Alcide d'Orbigny (1), descripcion de especies enmascaradas (2), estudio de familias completas (3) y cita de animales que eran conocidos tan solo en el Atlantico Oeste (4). En este trabajo realizamos el estudio de las especies del genero Geitodoris Bergh, 1891, recolectadas en las Islas entre 1980 y 1985, comparando los ejemplares de alguna de ellas con material procedente de otras regiones geograficas. Familia Discodorididae Bergh, 1891 G6nero Geitodoris Bergh, 1891 Especie tipo Doris complanata Verrill, 1891 Caracter distintivo primario: Radula con dos tipos de dientes, laterales ganchudos, con o sin denticulos y marginales espatuliformes. Caracteres secundarios: Tentaculos orales digitiformes, armadura labial con engrosamiehtos estratif icados que forman bastones poco desarrollados, vesiculas seminales seriadas, pene inerme. Trabajo reaiizado dentro del programa FAUNA IBERICA I (PB870397) financiado por la CICIT 99 Geitodoris planata (Alder y Hancock, 1846) Sinonimos: Doris planata Alder & Hancock, 1846 Doris testudinaria Alder & Hancock, 1862 Referencias: Alder & Hancock, 1846; p. 292-293, pi. 8, fig. 1-7. Doris planata Eliot, 1910; p. 99, pi. 1, fig. 5-9. Doris testudinaria Pruvot-Fol, 1954; p. 267. Geito- doris planata Thompson & Brown, 1975; p. 132, fig. 69. Discodoris planata Hunnan & Brown, 1975; p. 141 fig. 6. Discodoris planata Urgorri, 1981; p. 356-358 Discodoris planata Cervera, Garcia y Garcia, 1985; 198-204. Geitodoris planata Material examinado: Quiberon (Bretana) (47230'n, OSSlo'w) , 15.3.72, 2 ejs. de 15 mm de ancho fijados y contraidos; 16.2.72, 2 ejs. de 20 mm de ancho; 8.10.75, 1 e j . de 7x4 mm fijado (Dr. P.Bouchet leg. ) .-Sardinero, Santander (Cantabria) (43^ 30'n,03550'w) , 24.4.82, 2 ejs. de 45 y 30 mm de largo en vivo, junto con cintas ovigeras, en la zona de mareas.- Puerto de El Musel, Gijon (Asturias) (43^40 N,05- 50' W) , 6.7.87, 1 e j . de 40 mm vivo a 6 m de profundidad.- Punta de Abades (Tenerife)(28508'N,16526'w), 19.2.78, 2 ejs. a 4 m; 12.3.78, 1 e j . a 4 m.- Los Cancajos (La Palma) (28^39' N, 17^45' W), 15.8.81, 2 ejs. entre 2 y 4 m de profundidad. Todos los animales de Canarias (Perez Sanchez leg.) fueron recolectados bajo piedras donde abundaba la esponja Hemimycale columella . El mayor midio 60 mm. DESCRIPCION EXTERNA Dorso de color ocre o pardo naranja, mas o menos oscuro, con alguna manchita castano y conspicuas manchas blancas, estrelladas o no, que coinciden por lo general con la presencia de un gran tuberculo en su zona central. En la zona media del manto hay tambien estrechas bandas longitudinales y discontinuas de color bianco. Todo el dorso esta recubierto por tuberculos esfericos (FIG.IA) no pedunculados, de tamano desigual y distribucion apretada, entre los que destacan 7 a 9 tuberculos pigmentados de bianco y repartidos de forma espaciada (la mitad a cada lado) , situados en el centre de conspicuas areas estrelladas de color bianco. Cerca de estos tuberculos se pueden ver pequenas aberturas glandulares de borde castano. En general los tuberculos del dorso se hacen mas pequenos hacia el borde del manto y este ultimo es algo onduloso. Branquia formada por 8 ramas tripinnadas, distribuidas en dos grupos de 4, las hojas son de color pardo grisaceo, manchadas de bianco grisaceo y bianco opaco, este ultimo preferentemente en el raquis. En la zona media entre los dos grupos (FIG. ID) suele haber una ramificacion branquial aislada que llega hasta una papila anal alta, arrugada, de color castano oscuro con manchas bianco opaco y abertura estrellada. Vaina rinoforica elevada, con el borde irregular (FIG. IB), ornamentada con tuberculos de distinto tamano, similares a los del manto. 100 Rin6foros con el pedunculo pigmentado por finos puntos pardo-naranja y con las laminillas, en numero de 15 en animales de 30 mm, manchadas de pardo naranja y bianco. Pie surcado y hendido anteriormente (FlG.lC), de color amarillo claro con alguna manchita pardo naranja; algo mas largo que en el manto, sobresale ligeramente por la parte posterior del animal cuando se desplaza. Hiponoto amarillo claro con manchitas pardo naranja dispersas y con una red de espiculas poco aparente. Cabeza con tuberculos conicos, amarillos y macizos. Flancos muy transparentes, dejando ver a su traves un hepatopancreas casi negro. Cuerpo muy blando al tacto en los animales vivos. FIG. 1.- Geitodoris planata. A= tuberculos del dorso en vista lateral y superior, B= Rinoforo y vaina rinoforica, C= Vista ventral de la parte anterior, D= Esquema de la branquia. 101 1 mm F 50 5nnm FIG. 2.- Geitodoris pleinata. E= vista dorsal del animal vivo, F= Detalle de la disposicion de los huevos en la cinta ovigera. ANATOMIA INTERNA Hemos disecado animales de Quiberon, Santander y Canarias de dimensiones aproximadas, que corresponderian en vivo a ejemplares de unos 30 mm de longitud. El techo de la cavidad visceral presenta puntitos de color castano espaciados y una red de espiculas distribuidas en poligonos, visibles por transparencia. Armadura labial (FIG.3G) formada por dos piezas trapezoidales provistas de bastones rugosos e irregulares en su parte externa, largos cordones rugosos en la 102 H FIG. 3.- Geitodoris planata. Detalle de la armadura labial (G) y de una semi- hilera de la radula (H) en un animal de Santander de 30 mm. zona media y espesamientos poligonales en la interna. La anchura de los bastones aislados es de 5-7 micras. Radula (FIGS.3H y 4J ) formada por dientes laterales ganchudos y marginales en espatula. Su formula se puede escribir 23 x 8-35-0-35-8 en el animal de Quiberon, 21 x 8-30-0-30-8 en el de Santander y 22 x 6-27-0-27-6, en el de Canarias. En la segunda radula estudiada, de dimensiones intermedias, los dientes crecen de forma regular del 1 al 24, se estabilizan del 25 al 27 y decrecen del 103 FIG. 4.- Geitodoris plemata. J= Aspectos de una semihilera de la radula de un animal de Canarias de 30 mm. 28 al 30. Los mayores dientes laterales midieron alrededor de 160 micras en el gancho. El tercer diente marginal es el mas largo de su serie. El resto del aparato digestive (FIG.5K) se caracteriza por presentar un esofago corto y grueso que desemboca en un estomago piri forme. La glandula sanguinea es doble y de color pardo violaceo. La arteria cefalica es muy amplia hasta que pasa bajo el intestino, luego se divide en dos ramas, una hacia la porcion anterior de la glandula sanguinea y otra hacia la 104 mm FIG. 5.- Geitodoris planata. K= Aspecto de las visceras en posicion, L y M= Aparato genital en posicion ventral (L) y dorsal (M). anterior. El aparato genital (FIG.5L y 5M) presenta una prostata blanca, de aspecto cerebriforme de la que surge un conducto deferente largo y apelotonado. Las veslculas seminales son globosas y de tipo seriado, con la glSndula gametolitica tres veces mayor que el espermatocito. Hay una glandula vestibular aplastada y el pene es inerme. 105 BIOLOGIA La puesta (FIG.2F), recolectada en Santander, es una cinta bianco rosada de 1 cm de alto. Los huevos se distribuyen en su interior aislados o por pares, dentro de capsulas "encadenadas" , mas o menos esfericas. Los huevos midieron 98 ^m (extremos de 90 y 112) y las capsulas 220yUm (extremes de 208 y 229). Geitodoris planata parece que se alimenta de la esponja Hemimycale columella sobre la que es frecuente recolectarlo (5, 6 y 7). Urgorri (1981) (8) cita como alimento a H. sanguinea . DISCUSION Geitodoris planata , especie cuya localidad tipo es la isla de Arran, Escocia, ha sido redescrita en fechas recientes (9) a partir de ejemplares recolectados en el Estrecho de Gibraltar revisando su posicion sistematica y distribucion geografica. A pesar de los riesgos que conlleva la redescripcion de una especie a partir de- ejemplares recolectados a mile?, de kilometres de su localidad tipo y en una zona de transito faunistico como es el Estrecho de Gibraltar, donde podrian existir las especies que estudiamos en este 1:rabajo y otras mediterraneas de aspecto similar, como Anisodoris stellifera (Vayssiere, 1904), es posible que los animales estudiados por Cervera et al. (9) correspondan en realidad al verdadero Doris planata de las costas de Escocia ya que son coincidentes en su estructura anatomica con nuestros ejemplares del Norte de Espana y Bretana que, siguiendo su criterio, atribuimos a la misma ^especie, la cual veria aumentada su distribucion hacia el Sur de manera notable gracias al material recolectado en las Islas Canarias. Una especie mediterranea, Anisodoris stellifera tiene una coloracion similar a la de Geitodoris planata y presenta tambien areas estrelladas de color bianco en el dorso asociadas a gruesos tuberculos; la anatomia de esta especie, aun mal conocida, ha hecho que fuera considerada como sinonima de G.
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