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ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 18 BEDFORD ROW, LONDON WC1R 4EJ. ENGLAND 8107364 Ma l e t ic , V e r a ON THE AISTHETIC AND AESTHETIC DIMENSIONS OF THE DANCE: A METHODOLOGY FOR RESEARCHING DANCE STYLE The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1980 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Copyright 1981 by Maletic, Vera All Rights Reserved ON THE AISTHETIC AND AESTHETIC DIMENSIONS OF THE DANCE: A METHODOLOGY FOR RESEARCHING DANCE STYLE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Vera Maletic ***** The Ohio State University 1980 Reading Committee: Approved by Dr. Angelika Gerbes y tL. Dr. Seymour Kleinman * Dr. Seymour Kleinman Adviser Dr. Joseph J. Pilotta Department of Physical Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author expresses her appreciation to all persons whose assistance made the completion of this research possible: The members of the one-of-the-kind committee— Robert Arnold, associate professor, Department of Art Education; Angelika Gerbes, associate professor, Department of Dance; Joseph J. Pilotta, assistant professor, Department of Communication; Charles Wenar, professor, Department of Psychology; and the chairperson of the committee Seymour Kleinman, professor, Department of Physical Education— who advised and guided the interdisciplinary course of studies in "Communication Through Movement and Gesture"; The members of the reading committee— Dr. Seymour Kleinman, adviser, for his inspiring introduction to the methods of phenomenolog­ ical description and his support during this research; Dr. Angelika Gerbes for her careful reading of and commenting on the text, as well as suggestions which contributed to its improvement; Dr. Joseph J. Pilotta for his orientation in phenomenological viewpoints, helpful pointers in the early stages of the research, and his critical examination of the dissertation. Appreciation is also extended to: Helen P. Alkire, chairperson of the Department of Dance, who was most supportive during this study and made available the technical resources of the department for this research; ii Lucy Venable, professor, Department of Dance, consultant adviser during the preliminary research investigations in dance analysis; Ann Lee Lilly, associate professor, Department of Dance, for her advice in questions of quantification of data; Odette Blum, associate professor, Department of Dance, for check­ ing the observational records of the Appendix; Dr. Elizabeth A. Behnke for her assistance in articulating some of the ideas presented; Patricia faulty from the Ohio State University Writing Laboratory for her kind assistance in editing the text, and Louise Hastings for her patient typing of the manuscript; Dan Wagoner Dance Foundation for the loan of the videotape of Songs, and newspaper clippings about the work. ill VITA 1953 ............. ...... Diploma, History of Art and Culture, (approximates M.A.), University of Zagreb, College of Philosophy, Zagreb, Yugoslavia 1954-1959 .................... Lecturer, State School of Music, Zagreb 1959 . ...................... Laban Art of Movement Centre and Art of Movement Studio Certificate in Observa­ tion and Analysis of Movement, Kinetog- raphy (Labanotation), Space and Effort 1959-1966 .................... Professor, School for Rhythm and Dance, Zagreb 1962-1966 .................... Artistic Director and Choreographer of the "Studio for Contemporary Dance," Zagreb 1966-1977 .................... Faculty, Laban Centre for Movement and Dance at University of London, Gold­ smith’s College, England 1977-1978 .................... Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Dance, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1978-present .................. Teaching Associate, Department of Dance, The Ohio State University PUBLICATIONS "Some Problems in Making Movement and Dance Films." Studio 25, Art of Movement Studio publication, 1971. "The Contribution of Dance Notation Towards Preservation and Develop­ ment of Dance in the Mediterranean Countries," in Artistic Tradition and Audiovisual Media, Vienna: Universal Edition, 1972. FIELDS OF STUDY "Communication through Movement and Gesture," One-of-a-Kind Interdiscip­ linary program of courses, independent research studies, and research courses In Art Education, Art History, Dance, Communication, Education, Photography and Cinema, Physical Education, Nursing, and Psychology. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................... ii VITA .................................................................. iv INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 1 The Immediate Experience of Dance ........... ...... 2 Research Methodology for Movement and Dance Styles .... 3 Contemporary Approaches to Dance Aesthetics and C r i t i c i s m ................................................. 6 Chapter I. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF AISTHESIS AND AESTHETICS .................................................. 13 Etymological Context of Alsthesis ..................... 13 Theoretical Foundation of Aisthesis as Basis for Methodological Elaborations ..................... 15 Problems of Contemporary Aesthetics and C r i t i c i s m .............................................. 28 Questions of Style and Its Comparative Analysis . 32 Rationale for the Design of the Methdology .... 37 II. EXPOSITION OF METHODOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR RESEARCH IN DANCE STYLES .............................. 44 Introduction .................................... 44 Part I: AISTHETIC DIMENSIONS ............................ 47 Rendering and Descriptions of the Experience of D a n c e .............................................. 47 EXEMPLIFICATIONS .................................. 49 Structural Articulation ................................ 56 Problems of Observational Recording ............ 56 Guidelines for Observations ..................... 57 The Selected Reference Areas ..................... 58 Aspects of TEMPORALITY ................................ 59 EXEMPLIFICATIONS .................................. 61 v Page Aspects of Structuring DYNAMICS, ENERGY .............. 65 EXEMPLIFICATIONS .................................. 69 Aspects of Creating SPATIALITY ....................... 74 EXEMPLIFICATIONS .................................. 77 Choice of BODILY ARTICULATION ......................... 81 EXEMPLIFICATIONS .................................. 82 Part II: AESTHETIC DIMENSIONS ........................... 84 Social and Aesthetic Paradigms In Choreographic Embodiments ........................................... 84 Investigating the Social/Cultural Aspect of the Choreography ........................... 84 Aspects of INTERACTION ................................ 85 EXEMPLIFICATIONS .................................. 86 Correlation of Choreographic Characteristics and Established Aesthetic Norms .............. 88 EXEMPLIFICATIONS .................................. 92 Comparison of Two Choreographic Works . .............. 99 EXEMPLIFICATIONS .................................. 99 Stylistic Conclusions/Synthesis ....................... 104 Introduction ....................................... 104 Twyla T h a r p ......................................... 106 Dan Wagoner ......................................... 109 III. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESEARCH ............................ 116 Discussion of Findings ................................ 116 Requirements for the Research ............................ 126 Validation of the Research .............................. 127 Potential Application of the Methodology