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Three New Species of Bryophryne (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Region of Cusco, Peru

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Three New Species of Bryophryne (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Region of Cusco, Peru South American Journal of Herpetology, 4(2), 2009, 125-138 © 2009 Brazilian Society of Herpetology THREE NEW SPECIES OF BRYOPHRYNE (ANURA: STRABOMANTIDAE) FROM THE REGION OF CUSCO, PERU EDGAR LEHR1,3 AND ALESSANDRO CATENAZZI2 1 Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, D‑01109 Dresden, Germany. 2 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley. 3060 Valley Life Sciences Bldg #3140, Berkeley CA 94720, USA. Email: [email protected] 3 Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. We describe three new species of Bryophryne from the Region of Cusco in southern Peru, increasing the number of currently known Bryophryne to six. One of the new species differs from all species of Bryophryne in having a tympanic annulus and tympanic membrane. Males of this species have vocal slits, a vocal sac, and produce a call, which we analyze herein. This species is found at San Luis, a montane cloud forest along the road from Abra Málaga to Quillabamba at elevations between 3272 and 3354 m. The second new species has an orange throat and groin and is found along the Ericsson trail that connects Acjanaco to Pillahuata in Manu National Park and near Abra Acjanaco along the Paucartambo-Pilcopata road at elevations between 3266 and 3430 m. The third new species has the throat and chest mottled pale gray and tan, whereas the belly is black with white flecks. This species is only known from the upper Marcapata valley along the road from Abra Huallahualla to Quincemil at elevations between 3129 and 3285 m. Ecological observations for all new species are described and a map showing the type localities of all currently known species of Bryophryne is presented. KEYWORDS. Anura, Bryophryne, new species, Strabomantidae, vocalization. INTRODUCTION odontophores (Duellman et al., 2006). We follow the definition of conditions of the tympanum by Lynch The genus Bryophryne was described by Hedges and Duellman (1997). Specimens were preserved in et al. (2008). Based on DNA sequences, their phy- 10% formalin and stored in 70% ethanol. Specimens logenetic analysis of strabomantid frogs recognized were dissected to determine sex and maturity, and a distinct clade among Holodeninae that consisted the otic region was dissected in order to determine of the single species B. cophites (formerly Phryno‑ condition of the tympanic annulus. We measured the pus cophites Lynch, 1975). Phrynopus bustamantei following variables to the nearest 0.1 mm with dig- Chaparro, De la Riva, Padial, Ochoa, and Lehr, 2007, ital calipers under a microscope: snout-vent length was assigned to Bryophryne by Hedges et al. (2008) (SVL), tibia length (TL), foot length (FL, distance based on morphological similarities with B. cophites. from proximal margin of inner metatarsal tubercle to Lehr and Catenazzi (2008) recently described B. nu‑ tip of Toe IV), head length (HL, from angle of jaw bilosus from the Region of Cusco in southern Peru. to tip of snout), head width (HW, at level of angle of Both authors hypothesized that the deep valley of the jaw), eye diameter (ED), tympanum diameter (TY), Rio Apurimac is a biogeographic border separating interorbital distance (IOD), upper eyelid width (EW), Phrynopus from Bryophryne (Lehr and Catenazzi, internarial distance (IND), eye-nostril distance (E-N, 2008), and pointed out that new species will likely be straight line distance between anterior corner of or- discovered when fieldwork continues. Herein we de- bit and posterior margin of external nares). We deter- scribe three new species of Bryophryne recently dis- mined comparative lengths of Toes III and V by ad- covered in the Region of Cusco southeast of the Rio pressing both toes against Toe IV; lengths of Fingers Apurimac valley, thus doubling the number of species I and II were determined by adpressing the fingers within the genus. against each other. Drawings were made by the senior author using a stereomicroscope with drawing tube attachment. Photographs taken by A. Catenazzi were MATERIALS AND METHODS used for descriptions of color in life and are available for all types at the Calphoto online database (http:// Taxonomy follows Hedges et al. (2008) and the calphotos.berkeley.edu). format for the description follows that of Lynch and We recorded advertisement calls for one of the Duellman (1997), except that we used the term den- new species with a Sony TCM-150 audio tape-re- tigerous processes of vomers instead of vomerine corder equipped with a Azden SMX-10 microphone. 126 Three new species of Bryophryne We used Cool Edit version 96 (Syntrillium Software pads absent; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; tips Corporation) and Raven Lite, version 1.0 (Cornell of digits rounded; (8) fingers with lateral fringes; Laboratory of Ornithology) to digitalize calls and (9) ulnar and tarsal tubercles present; (10) heel with analyze sonograms. We digitized and edited vocaliza- small tubercles; inner tarsal fold absent; (11) in- tions at a sampling frequency of 44 KHz, FFT with ner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, about twice as large 512 points, and 16-bit resolution. as rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumer- Locality names follow the spelling of the US ary plantar tubercles indistinct; (12) toes with lateral Board on Geographic Names (http://gnswww.nga. fringes; basal webbing present; Toe V shorter than mil) and, for localities not listed in this database, ac- Toe III; toe tips rounded, about as large as those on cording to Cartas Nacionales “Calca” (Hoja 27-s), fingers; (13) in life, dorsum reddish brown, grayish “Corani” (28-u), “Ocongate” (28-t) and “Urubamba” brown, purplish brown, or dark gray, with narrow tan (27-r), Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Lima (except middorsal stripe, venter dark brown, tan, or reddish for Acjanaco = Acanaco, Acanacu). We deposited brown with pale gray flecks; (14) SVL in adult fe- specimens in the herpetological collections of the Mu- males 16.0-22.2 mm (n = 10), in males 16.7-19.3 mm seo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor (n = 10). de San Marcos (MUSM) in Lima, Peru, Museum für Tierkunde Dresden (MTD), Germany, the Museum of Bryophryne gymnotis is readily distinguished Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berke- from the other currently known five species (includ- ley (MVZ), and the Musée d’Histoire Naturelle de la ing the ones described herein) in having a tympanic Ville de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland (MHNG). For membrane and tympanic annulus, and a smooth (are- specimens examined, see Appendix. olate in all others) venter. Furthermore, it differs from all its congeners in having the dorsal color uniform reddish brown, gray, dark brown, or purplish brown, Bryophryne gymnotis sp. nov. (Figs. 1 and 2) with a narrow, tan middorsal stripe, and a ventral Holotype – MUSM 24543. Adult male, collected 1 km east of San Luis (13°04’32.1”S, 72°22’55.3”W) at elevations of 3272-3354 m, Distrito de Huayopata, Provincia de La Convención, Región Cusco, Peru, on 8 March 2008 by A. Catenazzi, I. Chinipa, J. C. Jahu- anchi, and A. Machaca. Paratypes – 29: 10 females (MHNG 2710.28, MTD 46860-61, 47297, MUSM 24546-50, MVZ 258407), 8 males (MTD 47288, 47291-92, MUSM 24541-42, 24544-45, MVZ 258408-09), 11 juveniles (MNNG 2710.29, MTD 46862-64, MUSM 24551-56, MVZ 258410), all collected with the holotype on 8 March 2008 by A. Catenazzi, I. Chinipa, J. C. Jahuanchi, and A. Machaca. Diagnosis – A medium sized species of Bryophryne having the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen, skin on venter smooth; discoidal fold absent, thoracic fold present; nar- row, discontinuous dorsolateral fold; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus present; (3) snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views; (4) upper eye- lid without enlarged tubercles; width of upper eyelid narrower than IOD; cranial crests absent; (5) dentig- FIGURE 1. Holotype of Bryophryne gymnotis in life (MUSM erous processes of vomers present, minute, oblique; 24543, male) in lateral (A), and ventral (B) views. Photos by A. (6) males with vocal sac and vocal slits, but nuptial Catenazzi. Lehr, E. and Catenazzi, A. 127 color of tan, reddish brown, or dark brown with pale one half free; vocal slits straight, located at posterior gray flecks. Table 1 compares selected characters half of mouth floor between tongue and margin of among species of Bryophryne. jaw; vocal sac distinct. Description of holotype – Head narrower than body, Skin on dorsum shagreen, short occipital fold slightly wider than long, HW 102.8% of HL; HW merging into narrow dorsolateral fold extending to 40.2% of SVL; HL 39.1% of SVL; snout short, acute- sacral region, anterior part continuous, posterior part ly rounded in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view discontinuous; skin on flanks slightly tuberculate (Figs. 2A, B), ED larger than E-N distance; nostrils with tubercles coalescing into long, narrow fold on slightly protuberant, directed dorsolaterally; canthus upper part on both side of flanks; skin on throat, chest, rostralis straight in dorsal view, rounded in profile; and belly smooth; discoidal fold absent, thoracic fold loreal region slightly concave; lips rounded; upper present; cloacal sheath absent; large tubercles absent eyelid without enlarged tubercles; EW narrower than in cloacal region. Outer surface of forearm with four IOD (EW 58.3% of IOD); supratympanic fold nar- minute tubercles (= ulnar tubercles, only two are vis- row, slightly curved, extending from posterior corner ible in Fig. 2C) arranged in a longitudinal row;
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