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Redalyc.Determination of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Antiplatelet And Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas ISSN: 0717-7917 [email protected] Universidad de Santiago de Chile Chile QUESADA, Luisa; GUTIERREZ, Margarita; ASTUDILLO, Luis; SAN-MARTÍN, Aurelio; FUENTES, Eduardo; PALOMO, Iván; PEÑAILILLO, Patricio Determination of antibacterial, antioxidant, antiplatelet and inhibition of cholinesterase activities from the methanolic extracts of Azorella species (Apiaceae) Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, vol. 12, núm. 1, enero, 2013, pp. 99-107 Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=85625709011 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto © 2013 Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 12 (1): 99 - 107 ISSN 0717 7917 www.blacpma.usach.cl Artículo Original | Original Article Determination of antibacterial, antioxidant, antiplatelet and inhibition of cholinesterase activities from the methanolic extracts of Azorella species (Apiaceae) [Determinación de la actividad antibacteriana, antioxidante, antiagregante plaquetaria e inhibición de la colinesterasa a partir de los extractos metanólicos de especies Azorella (Apiaceae)] Luisa QUESADA1, Margarita GUTIERREZ1, Luis ASTUDILLO1, Aurelio SAN-MARTÍN2, Eduardo FUENTES3,4, Iván PALOMO3,4 & Patricio PEÑAILILLO5 1Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile. 2Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, casilla 653, Santiago, Chile. 3Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Immunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Chile. 4Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Conicyt-Regional, Maule, R09I2001, Talca, Chile. 5Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca, Chile. Contactos | Contacts: Luis ASTUDILLO - E-mail address: [email protected] Abstract In this study, we investigated the potential antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-platelet activities and the inhibition of cholinesterase from the methanolic extracts obtained from aerial parts of the two species of Azorella: A. spinosa (Constitution, Chile) and A. monantha (Torres del Paine, Enladrillado and Paso Vergara). All extracts showed only moderate inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the most active extract with IC50 = 27μg/mL was A. spinosa. Inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP presented maximal aggregation to 70 and 57% on extracts of A. spinosa and A. monantha (Paso Vergara), respectively. The most active extract with antioxidant effect was A. spinosa with IC50 of 28.72µg/mL. Antibacterial activity of the extract on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii was not present. The extracts of A. spinosa and A. monantha (Paso Vergara) presented the best results on the activities that were evaluated. Keywords: antibacterial, antioxidant, antiplatelet, cholinesterase, total phenolics, Azorella. Resumen En este estudio se investigó las potenciales actividades antibacteriana, antioxidante, antiplaquetaria e inhibición de la colinesterasa de extractos metanólicos a partir de las partes aéreas de dos especies de Azorella: A. spinosa (Constitución, Chile) y A. monantha (Torres del Paine, Enladrillado y Paso Vergara). Todos los extractos mostraron actividad inhibidora moderada solamente sobre acetilcolinesterasa (AChE), siendo el más activo el extracto de A. spinosa con IC50= 27μg/mL. La inhibición de la agregación plaquetaria inducida por ADP presentó máxima agregación al 70 y 57% sobre los extractos de A. spinosa y A. monantha (Paso Vergara) respectivamente. El extracto más activo con efecto antioxidante fue el de A. spinosa con un IC50 de 28,72μg/mL,). No se presentó actividad antibacteriana de ningún extracto sobre Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa y Acinetobacter baumannii. Los extractos de A. spinosa y A. monantha (Paso Vergara) presentan los mejores resultados sobre las actividades evaluadas, lo que permite el estudio bioguiado de los metabolitos presentes en estos extractos. Palabras Clave: Antibacteriano, antioxidante, antiagregante, colinesterasa, fenoles totales, Azorella. Recibido | Received: June 19, 2012. Aceptado en versión corregida | Accepted in revised form: August 24, 2012. Publicado en línea | Published online: January 30, 2012. Declaración de intereses | Declaration of interests: We are grateful to FONDECYT (project 1120199). Este artículo puede ser citado como / This article must be cited as: L Quesada, M Gutierrez, L Astudillo, A San-Martín, E Fuentes, I Palomo, P Peñailillo. 2013. Determination of antibacterial, antioxidant, antiplatelet and inhibition of cholinesterase activities from the methanolic extracts of Azorella species (Apiaceae). Bol Latinoam Caribe Plant Med Aromat 12(1): 99 – 107. 99 Quesada et al. Actividades biológicas de extractos metanólicos de especies de Azorella INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Azorella (Apiaceae) is a genus of 70 species of Central Plant Material America, west temperate South America, and the The plant aerial parts of a population of A. spinosa, Southern Ocean (Wachter et al., 1998). The common near Constitución, three populations of A. monantha, name “llareta” is used for several species in the genera one at Paso Vergara (Curicó) and two at Enladrillado Azorella and Laretia (Apiaceae). These species are (Talca, San Clemente), and lakefront Grey (Última distributed from the high Andes Mountains, Esperanza, Torres del Paine), were respectively northeastern Chile. In folk medicine, infusions made collected in December 2010 and January 2011. of llareta are employed as stomach stimulants and the Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium extracts obtained from vegetable oils are used for the of University of Talca, Chile with Herbarium Number treatment of wounds, asthma, colds and bronchitis, and 3360, 3361, 3362, 3363, respectively. illnesses with inflammation and pain as the main symptoms. These species are recognized for producing Preparation of the Extracts unique diterpenoid structures having the novel The aereal parts of the Azorella were extracted with mulinane and azorellane skeletons with a wide variety methanol and left for 15 days on percolation. The of interesting biological activities, including 13β- extracts were filtered, concentrated on and kept in hydroxy-azorellane (trichomonicidal) (Loyola et al., darkness at 4°C until analysis. 2001), azorellanone (spermicidal) (Morales et al., 2003), mulin-12,14-dien-11-on-20-oic acid Determination of Antibacterial Activity (antibacterial) (Wachter et al., 1999), azorellanol The microorganisms used in the study were the Gram- (antihyperglycemic) (Fuentes et al., 2005), 13- positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram- epiazorellanol (antiinflamma-tory) (Borquez et al., negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2007), and 9,12-Cyclomulin-13-ol (antituberculosis) Acinetobacter baumanni, clinically isolated strains. (Molina-Salinas et al., 2010). There are some Antibacterial assays were carried out by the doubling publications about the composition of isoflavonoids dilution method using the procedure reported by and biological activities alpinumisoflavone, Gutierrez (Gutierrez et al., 2005), in 96-well microtiter licoisoflavone A, angustone C and isolupalbigenin plates. Bacterial suspensions were obtained from (antibacterial and gastroprotective) (Quesada et al., overnight cultures in luria broth base nutrient broth 2012) and triterpenoids lanosta-7, 24-dien-3β-yl (Gibco BRL, Scotland) cultured at 25°C and diluted to acetate and 28-acetoxycycloartenyl acetate approximately 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/well in (acetylcholinesterase) (Areche et al., 2009). fresh medium. The compounds were dissolved to give Several reports have described different 5 mg/mL in methanol (MeOH) as a stock solution. biological activities, a study published by A. compacta Stock solutions of compounds were diluted to give (Rojo et al., 2009) refers to the antioxidant activity of serial 2-fold dilutions that were added to each medium tea and they found a protective effect against oxidative resulting in concentrations ranging from 1.25 to damage in human erythrocytes and the Infusions of A. 0.078125 mg/mL. The final concentration of MeOH in compacta (llareta) have been used by folk medicine in the assays did not exceed 2%. The plates were kept at the highlands of Chile and antidiabetic (Fuentes et al., 25 °C overnight (12 h). After incubation, 20 µL of 0.5 2005). mg/mL aqueous 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT, Sigma Chemical biological activity of methanol extracts from aerial Co., St. Louis, MO) was added in each well and re- parts of A. spinosa and A. monantha; therefore, the incubated for 30 minutes to detect living bacteria. The results of this study will be useful for carrying out a absorbance was read in a universal microplate reader new study in the search for compounds that are (Multiskan EX Thermo, Finland) at 405 nm. The responsible for positive activities in this research results were transformed to the percentage of controls, work. and the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were graphically obtained from the
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