Biota Neotropica, Biota/F Apesp – the Virtual Institute Of

ISSN 1806-129X 1806-129X ISSN vol. 9, no. 2, Apr./June 2009 Apr./June 2, no. 9, vol.

vol. 9, no. 2, Apr./June 2009 Biota Neotropica, Biota/Fapesp – The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity 21 31 35 45 51 71 77 99 239 257 263 267 179 187 201 213 221 227 271 275 103 107 117 125 139 151 165 131 ISSN 1806-129X ISSN ...... Summary ...... , (Amphibia: Anura) (Amphibia: and Leptodactylus, Physalaemus ...... vol. 9, no. 2, Apr./June 2009 2, Apr./June 9, no. vol...... , Thereza Christina da Rocha-Pessôa, Aline dos Santos Dias, Cristina Valente Ariani & Carlos Frederico Duarte Ariani & Carlos Frederico da Rocha. Valente Cristina dos Santos Dias, Aline Thereza Christina da Rocha-Pessôa, , ...... (Perciformes, Scombridae), off Scombridae), pelamis (Perciformes, tuna Katsuwonus a parasite of skipjack Philometridae), (Nematoda, of Philometra katsuwoni record First South American Atlantic Coast . Kohn & Anna Moravec Melissa Querido František Cárdenas, Free-tailed Bat Nyctinomops aurispinosus (Molossidae) in Brazil of the Peale’s Range extension Renato GregorinVigiano Bianconi, & Daniel Carvalho Carneiro. Gledson Eugenia of thous ) as a secondary umbelliflora l (Myrtaceae) of southeastern Brazi seed disperser in a Restinga forest (Cerdocyon The Crab-eating Fox & Mauro Galetti. Eliana Cazetta ) dura Stapf (Poaceae accessions of Brachiaria of two and microsporogenesis number Chromosome . Valle & Cacilda Borges do Maria Suely Pagliarini Claudiceia Risso-Pascotto, Cleve species (Bacillariophyceae) from Lagoa dos Patos estuary and adjacent areas dos Patos Lagoa from species (Bacillariophyceae) the identification of Thalassiosira Cleve for key Illustrated dichotomous Brazil) (Rio Grande do Sul, Marinês Garcia & Clarisse Odebrecht. Ichthyofauna of the Jaguari river microbasin, Jaguari /RS, Brazil /RS, Jaguari microbasin, river of the Jaguari Ichthyofauna . Valente Zanini & André Carlos Eduardo Copatti, Lucéle Gonçalves Floristic composition of tree and shrub species of the Jaraguá State Park, São Paulo, Brazil São Paulo, State Park, Floristic composition of tree and shrub species of the Jaraguá . Antônio Daher Corrêa Franco & Geraldo Maluf de Souza, Rita de Cássia Sousa, Rejane Esteves Flaviana southeastern Brazil of Ubatuba, an island on municipality herpetofauna of Ilha Anchieta, Atlantic Rainforest Fernanda da Cruz José Pyles Cicchi, HerbertAurélio de Sena, Centeno & Jorge Jim. Marco Paulo Serafim, review species checklist of Ilha Grande: Bromeliaceae Nunes-Freitas André Felippe Brazil Rio Grande do Sul, in the upper region of rio Caí basin, at Floresta Nacional de Canela, of the ichthyofauna A survey Henrique Ott. de Barros & Paulo Marcelo Pereira Renato Bolson Dala-Corte, Ismael Franz, southern Brazil State, the mid-western region of Paraná from Stream macroalgae Rogério Antônio Krupek Rodrigo & Fernando Bertusso Peres, . Cleto Kaveski Ciro Cesar Zanini Branco, ) Hylidae (Anura, of Scinax aromothyella extension Distribution . Barreneche & Rosana Ferrero Manuel Juan Ramiro Pereira-Garbero, Piñeiro-Guerra, Manuel Juan Gabriel Laufer, Mapping and evaluation of the state of conservation of the vegetation in and surrounding the Chapada Diamantina National Park, NE Brazil Park, Chapada Diamantina National the of the vegetation in and surrounding state of conservation of the Mapping and evaluation . Funch Mervyn & Ligia Silveira Richard Funch, Raymond Harley Roy Curtis (Diptera, Psychodidae, Sycoracinae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Espírito Santo, Brazi l Forest of Espírito Santo, the Atlantic Rain Sycoracinae) from Psychodidae, Curtis species of Sycorax new (Diptera, Description of two . Bravo dos Santos & Freddy Biral Claudiney southern Brazil corals from and the azooxanthellate fisheries The deep-sea demersal . Visentini Kitahara Marcelo s carnivore risk in Brazilian size and extinction Body Jose Almeida. Grelle & Paulo Viveiros CarlosVieira, Eduardo de Vinícius Marcus German Forero-Medina, in Southern Brazil rain forests upper montane tropical Floristic composition of four Mocochinski. Yukio Maurício & Alan Bergamini Scheer (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes, Gasteropelecidae) from different South American river basins South different from Gasteropelecidae) 1858) (Characiformes, (Kner, stellatus in Thoracocharax Morphometrics analysis . & Carlos Suetoshi Miyazawa Liano Centofante Edson Lourenço da Silva, in Brazil and its relationships with other assemblages Brazil, Southeastern Bom Jesus, Estadual das Furnas do amphibians of Parque Anuran . Sawaya Condez, & Ricardo Jannini Thais Helena Araujo, Cybele de Oliveira Brazil from Psychodidae) 1904 (Diptera, species of Philosepedon Eaton, A new & José Albertino. Rafael Bravo Freddy Cínthia Chagas, fruit trees and other plants in State of Amapá Mites from . & Ricardo Adaime da Silva Wilson Rodrigues da Silva Luiz de Carvalho Mineiro, Jeferson NE of the Brazil) river basin (SE of the Bahia, in the Cachoeira season rainy streams in the in headwaters Characterization of the fish assemblages & Alberto Cop Ferreira Luciano Carmass . Mauricio Fabio Cetra, Sudeste do Brasil of the Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, forest of the restinga habitat use and breeding seasons of anurans Species composition, Rodrigues. Trefaut Bertoluci Jaime Narvaes, & Miguel Patrícia habitats at South Pantanal in two and abundance (Ramphastos toco) frugivory Toucan Toco . de Paiva Vieira Jose Ragusa-Netto & Luciana França, Leonardo Fernandes Brazil Cheloniidae) in the Southern Coast of Bahia, of sea turtlesReproduction (Testudines, . & Sérgio Luiz Gama Nogueira-Filho Velozo Renata Lucia Guedes Batista, Raquel Sá Luciano Gerolim Leone, Renato de Mei Romero, Cássia Santos Camillo, State of the Rio de Janeiro (Diptera) galls at restingas associated with Cecidomyiidae Micro-Hymenoptera . de Azevedo Cid Maia & Maria Antonieta Pereira Valeria morphology of the tadpoles of the genera, Eupemphix Internal buccal & Adelina Ferreira Miranda Núbia Esther de Oliveira Reptiles in São Paulo municipality: diversity and ecology of the past and present fauna and diversity municipality: Reptiles in São Paulo . José Germano Sawaya Jannini & Ricardo Valdir Erritto Barbo, Fausto Pereira, Neves Donizete Marques, Vuolo Augusto Otavio Articles Short Communications Identification Key Identification Inventories Biota Neotrop. Biota Biota Neotrop., vol. 9, no. 2, Apr./June 2009, p. 1-277 ISSN 1806-129X

Biota Neotropica is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal’s aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region.

Editor in Chief

Dr. Carlos Alfredo Joly IB/UNICAMP [email protected]

Web Manager

Sidnei de Souza Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental, CRIA [email protected]

Assistant Editors

Maria Lucia Mendonça F. Pinto Luiz Barione IB/Unicamp Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental, CRIA [email protected] [email protected]

Editorial Board

Dra. Andréa Cardoso de Araújo Dr. Cristiano de Campos Nogueira Dr. José Maria C. da Silva Departamento de Biologia - Laboratório de Ecologia da Programa Cerrado/Conservação Internacional Conservation International - Belém/PA Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Dr. Adriano S. Melo Dra. Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres Dra. Maria Alice S. Alves Depto. Ecologia - Instituto de Biociências/UFRGS UNESP/S.J. Rio Preto - Rio Preto/SP Departamento de Ecologia - [email protected] [email protected] Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [email protected]

Dr. Alexandre Reis Percequillo Dra. Eneida Maria Eskinazi Sant’Anna Dra. Marion G. Nipper Departamento de Ciências Biológicas ESALQ/USP Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia - Universi- Center for Coastal Studies Texas A & M [email protected] dade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte University/USA [email protected] [email protected]

Dr. André Victor L. Freitas Dr. Enrico Bernard Dr. Peter Edward Gibbs IB/UNICAMP [email protected] School of Biology [email protected] University of St. Andrews/UK [email protected]

Dra.Beatrice Padovani Ferreira Dra. Flávia Regina Capellotto Costa Dra. Rosana Mazzoni Depto. Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de INPA - Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia UERJ Pernambuco [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Dra. Carla M. Penz Dr. Humberto Fonseca Mendes Dra. Rosana Moreira da Rocha University of New Orleans Bergen Museum, Noruega Departamento de Zoologia [email protected] [email protected] Universidade Federal do Paraná [email protected] This publication was sponsored by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Dra. Cátia A. de Mello-Patiu Dr. Jorge Soberón Maine Estado de São Paulo/FAPESP (Processo 07/50856-8). Depto. de Entomologia/ Museu Nacional/UFRJ CONABIO/México [email protected] [email protected]

Dra. Cinthia Aguirre Brasileiro Dr. José Marcelo Rocha Aranha Depto. Zoologia - UNESP/Rio Claro Departamento de Zoologia da [email protected] Universidade Federal do Paraná [email protected] biota neotropica ISSN 1806-129X english vol 9 n 2

Biota Neotropica is a scientiﬁ c journal of the Program BIOTA/FAPESP - The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity that publishes the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, that involve characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the Neotropical region.

Biota Neotropica is an eletronic journal which is available free at the following site http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br

This hardcopy of Biota Neotropica has been deposited in reference libraries to fulﬁ ll the requirements of the Botanical and Zoological Nomenclatural Codes. Biota Neotrop., vol. 9, no. 2, Apr./June 2009

Biota Neotropica, Biota/Fapesp – O Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade vol. 9, n. 2 (2009) Campinas, Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental, 2009.

Quarterly Portuguese and English publication ISSN: 1806-129X (English Version-Printed)

Biodiversity – Periodical

CDD-639-9

Desktop Publishing

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Editorial

Synergies between the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

As a decision of the 9th Conference of Parties of CBD an Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group (AHTEG) was established to provide biodiversity related information to (UNFCCC), through the provision of scientiﬁ c and technical advice and assessment on the integration of the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity into climate change mitigation and adaptation activities.

Listed below are some of the major points raised by the ﬁ rst report of this AHTEG, and the full document is available at http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/cc/ahteg-bdcc-01/other/ahteg-bdcc-01-ﬁ ndings-en.pdf.

Maintaining natural and restoring degraded ecosystems, and limiting human-induced climate change, represent multiple beneﬁ ts for both the (UNFCCC) and CBD if mechanisms to do so are designed and managed appropriately. Well-functioning ecosystems are necessary to meet the objective of the (UNFCCC) owing to their role in the global carbon cycle, their signiﬁ cant carbon stocks and their contribution to adaptation. Carbon is stored and sequestered by biological and biophysical processes in ecosystems, which are underpinned by biodiversity. An estimated 2,400 Gt C is stored in terrestrial ecosystems, compared to approximately 750 Gt in the atmosphere. Carbon stored in soil accounts for a high percentage of the carbon stored in terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, well-functioning ecosystems have greater resilience to climate change which will aid in their natural adaptation, and contribute to the assurance of long-term sustainable development under changing climatic conditions.

Maintaining and restoring ecosystems represents an opportunity for win-win benefi ts for carbon sequestration and storage, and biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. Co-benefi ts are most likely to be achieved in situations where integrated and holistic approaches to biodiversity loss and climate change are implemented. Many activities that are undertaken with the primary aim of meeting the objectives of the CBD have signifi cant potential to contribute to the mitigation of climate change. Likewise, many activities that are undertaken or being considered with the primary purpose of mitigating climate change could have signifi cant impacts on biodiversity. In some cases these impacts are negative, and there are trade-offs to be considered.

While protected areas are primarily designated for the purpose of biodiversity conservation, they have signifi cant additional value in storing and sequestering carbon. There are now more than 100,000 protected sites worldwide covering about 12 per cent of the Earth’s land surface. A total of 312 Gt carbon or 15.2% of the global carbon stock is currently under some degree of protection. The designation and effective management of new protected areas, and strengthening the management of the current protected area network, could contribute signifi cantly to climate change mitigation efforts. Given that forests contain almost half of all terrestrial carbon, preliminary studies show that continued deforestation at current rates would hamper signifi cantly mitigation efforts. In fact, if all tropical forests were completely deforested over the next 100 years, it would add about 400 GtC to the atmosphere, and increase the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide by about 100 ppm, contributing to an increase in global mean surface temperatures of about 0.6 °C.

Emission reductions will not be implemented within a time-frame suffi cient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally. Land use, land-use change and forestry activities, including reduced deforestation and degradation can, in concert with stringent reductions in fossil fuel emissions of greenhouse gases, limit climate change. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD) in areas of high carbon stocks and high biodiversity values can promote co-benefi ts for climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. The national gap analyses carried out by Parties under the Program of Work on Protected Areas of the CBD can be a valuable tool for identifying areas for the implementation of (REDD) schemes. In order to avoid confl ict between the implementation of the CBD and the (UNFCCC), biodiversity considerations could be taken into account in the development of the (REDD) methodology. Standards, indicative guidelines and criteria taking into account biodiversity conservation could be developed to potentially enhance positive benefi ts on biodiversity.

Anthropogenic changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 are already having observable impacts on ecosystems and species; some species and ecosystems are demonstrating apparent capacity for natural adaptation, but others are showing negative impacts. Impacts are widespread even with the modest level of change observed thus far in comparison to some future projections. Observed signs of natural adaptation and negative impacts include: geographic distributions of species; timing of life cycles http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br Biota Neotrop., vol. 9, no. 2, Apr./June 2009

(phenology); interactions between species due to mismatches between the peak of resource demands by reproducing animals and the peak of resource availability; photosynthetic rates, carbon uptake and productivity in response to CO2 “fertilization” and nitrogen deposition; community and ecosystem structural and functional changes.

The negative impacts of climate change on biodiversity have signifi cant economic and ecological costs, such as: the values and services an ecosystem provides; changes in the distributional pattern of species, including human disease vectors and exposure; changes in water fl ow regulation; change in agricultural productivity; changes and shifts in the distribution of marine biodiversity with serious implications for fi sheries; shifts in phenology and geographic ranges of species could impact the cultural and religious lives of some indigenous peoples; novel environments and novel ecosystems are likely to emerge with potentially unexpected behavior.

There is considerable conﬁ dence that climate models provide credible quantitative estimates of future climate change, particularly at continental scales, and they are unanimous in their prediction of substantial warming under greenhouse gas increases. However, at ﬁ ner spatial scales projections have a high level of uncertainty, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, and in relation to projections of rainfall change. Available models contain inadequate representations of the interactive coupling between ecosystems and the climate system and of the multiple interacting drivers of global change.

On the other hand, despite efforts like the Global Biodiversity Information Facility/GBIF), there is still a lack of extensive, readily available quantitative information on many species globally, especially at understanding where species are not (a critical factor in performing many bioclimatic models) present. There is uncertainty with respect to the functional role of individual species and the functioning of complex systems. Further uncertainties are drawn from: the assumption of instantaneous (and often perfect) migration, which biases impact estimates; the net result of changing disturbance regimes (especially through ﬁ re, insects and land-use change) on biotic feedbacks to the atmosphere, ecosystem structure, function and biodiversity; the magnitude of the CO2-fertilisation effect in the terrestrial biosphere and its components over time; the limitations of climate envelope models used to project responses of individual species to climate changes, and for deriving estimations of species extinction risks (see below); the synergistic role of invasive alien species in both biodiversity and ecosystem functioning; the effect of increasing surface ocean CO2 and declining pH on marine productivity, biodiversity, biogeochemistry and ecosystem functioning; and the impacts of interactions between climate change and changes in human use and management of ecosystems as well as other drivers of global environmental change in ecosystems including more realistic estimates of lagged and threshold responses.

Despite their limitations, the use of bioclimatic modeling techniques allows a useful, and often accurate ﬁ rst cut assessment of spatial distribution of exposure and vulnerability in relation to conservation efforts. Where expert knowledge on species de- mography is available, techniques can be applied that include consideration of climate variability and require species abundance data, but this places a higher demand on the spatial and temporal resolution of future climate data. While the use of spatially downscaled future scenario data is ideal if achievable, for robust risk and impacts assessments it may be more useful to focus on a range of future climate scenarios even if they are not downscaled, and not only on a mean or median future scenario

Although regretting that it took more then 15 years to have the obvious synergies between both conventions being ofﬁ cially recognized and evaluated, let’s hope that until October 2010, when the 10th CBD COP will take place in Nagoya/Japan, a common agenda has been set.

Carlos Alfredo Joly Department of Plant Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas/SP, Brazil and Chairman of the BIOTA/FAPESP Program.

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Summary

About BIOTA NEOTROPICA ...... 9

Instruction to authors ...... 11

Reference libraries for the deposit of the printed version ...... 17

Articles

Mapping and evaluation of the state of conservation of the vegetation in and surrounding the Chapada Diamantina National Park, NE Brazil Roy Richard Funch, Raymond Mervyn Harley & Ligia Silveira Funch ...... 21

Description of two new species of Sycorax Curtis (Diptera, Psychodidae, Sycoracinae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Espírito Santo, Brazil Claudiney Biral dos Santos & Freddy Bravo ...... 31

The deep-sea demersal ﬁ sheries and the azooxanthellate corals from southern Brazil Marcelo Visentini Kitahara ...... 35

Body size and extinction risk in Brazilian carnivores German Forero-Medina, Marcus Vinícius Vieira, Carlos Eduardo de Viveiros Grelle & Paulo Jose Almeida ...... 45

Floristic composition of four tropical upper montane rain forests in Southern Brazil Maurício Bergamini Scheer & Alan Yukio Mocochinski ...... 51

Morphometrics analysis in Thoracocharax stellatus (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes, Gasteropelecidae) from different South American river basins Edson Lourenço da Silva, Liano Centofante & Carlos Suetoshi Miyazawa ...... 71

Anuran amphibians of Parque Estadual das Furnas do Bom Jesus, Southeastern Brazil, and its relationships with other assemblages in Brazil Cybele de Oliveira Araujo, Thais Helena Condez, & Ricardo Jannini Sawaya ...... 77

A new species of Philosepedon Eaton, 1904 (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Brazil Cínthia Chagas, Freddy Bravo & José Albertino Rafael ...... 99

Mites from fruit trees and other plants in State of Amapá Jeferson Luiz de Carvalho Mineiro, Wilson Rodrigues da Silva & Ricardo Adaime da Silva ...... 103

Characterization of the ﬁ sh assemblages in headwaters streams in the rainy season in the Cachoeira river basin (SE of the Bahia, NE of the Brazil) Mauricio Cetra, Fabio Cop Ferreira & Alberto Luciano Carmass ...... 107

Species composition, habitat use and breeding seasons of anurans of the restinga forest of the Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, Sudeste do Brasil Patrícia Narvaes, Jaime Bertoluci & Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues ...... 117

Toco Toucan (Ramphastos toco) frugivory and abundance in two habitats at South Pantanal Leonardo Fernandes França, Jose Ragusa-Netto & Luciana Vieira de Paiva ...... 125

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Reproduction of sea turtles (Testudines, Cheloniidae) in the Southern Coast of Bahia, Brazil Cássia Santos Camillo, Renato de Mei Romero, Luciano Gerolim Leone, Renata Lucia Guedes Batista, Raquel Sá Velozo & Sérgio Luiz Gama Nogueira-Filho ...... 131

Reptiles in São Paulo municipality: diversity and ecology of the past and present fauna Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques, Donizete Neves Pereira, Fausto Erritto Barbo, Valdir José Germano & Ricardo Jannini Sawaya ...... 139

Micro-Hymenoptera associated with Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) galls at restingas of the Rio de Janeiro State Valeria Cid Maia & Maria Antonieta Pereira de Azevedo ...... 151

Internal buccal morphology of the tadpoles of the genera Eupemphix, Physalaemus and Leptodactylus, (Amphibia: Anura) Núbia Esther de Oliveira Miranda & Adelina Ferreira ...... 165

Inventories

Ichthyofauna of the Jaguari river microbasin, Jaguari /RS, Brazil Carlos Eduardo Copatti, Lucéle Gonçalves Zanini & André Valente ...... 179

Floristic composition of tree and shrub species of the Jaraguá State Park, São Paulo, Brazil Flaviana Maluf de Souza, Rita de Cássia Sousa, Rejane Esteves & Geraldo Antônio Daher Corrêa Franco ...... 187

Atlantic Rainforest herpetofauna of Ilha Anchieta, an island on municipality of Ubatuba, southeastern Brazil Paulo José Pyles Cicchi, Herbert Seraﬁ m, Marco Aurélio de Sena, Fernanda da Cruz Centeno & Jorge Jim ...... 201

Bromeliaceae of Ilha Grande: species checklist review André Felippe Nunes-Freitas, Thereza Christina da Rocha-Pessôa, Aline dos Santos Dias, Cristina Valente Ariani & Carlos Frederico Duarte da Rocha ...... 213

A survey of the ichthyofauna at Floresta Nacional de Canela, in the upper region of rio Caí basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Renato Bolson Dala-Corte, Ismael Franz, Marcelo Pereira de Barros & Paulo Henrique Ott ...... 221

Stream macroalgae from the mid-western region of Paraná State, southern Brazil Ciro Cesar Zanini Branco, Cleto Kaveski Peres, Rogério Antônio Krupek & Fernando Rodrigo Bertusso ...... 227

Identiﬁ cation Key

Illustrated dichotomous key for the identiﬁ cation of Thalassiosira Cleve species (Bacillariophyceae) from Lagoa dos Patos estuary and adjacent areas (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) Marinês Garcia & Clarisse Odebrecht ...... 239

Short Communications

Chromosome number and microsporogenesis of two accessions of Brachiaria dura Stapf (Poaceae) Claudiceia Risso-Pascotto, Maria Suely Pagliarini & Cacilda Borges do Valle ...... 257

First record of Philometra katsuwoni (Nematoda, Philometridae), a parasite of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis (Perciformes, Scombridae), off South American Atlantic Coast Melissa Querido Cárdenas, František Moravec & Anna Kohn ...... 263

Range extension of the Peale’s Free-tailed Bat Nyctinomops aurispinosus (Molossidae) in Brazil Gledson Vigiano Bianconi, Renato Gregorin & Daniel Carvalho Carneiro ...... 267 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br Biota Neotrop., vol. 9, no. 2, Apr./June 2009

The Crab-eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous) as a secondary seed disperser of Eugenia umbelliﬂ ora (Myrtaceae) in a Restinga forest of southeastern Brazil Eliana Cazetta & Mauro Galetti ...... 271

Distribution extension of Scinax aromothyella (Anura, Hylidae) Gabriel Laufer, Juan Manuel Piñeiro-Guerra, Ramiro Pereira-Garbero, Juan Manuel Barreneche & Rosana Ferrero ...... 275

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About BIOTA NEOTROPICA

BIOTA NEOTROPICA is an electronic, peer-reviewed journal edited by the Program BIOTA/FAPESP: The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity. This journal’s aim is to disseminate the results of original research work, associated or not to the program, concerned with characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity within the Neotropical region.

Manuscripts are considered on the understanding that their content has not appeared, or will not be submitted, elsewhere in substantially the same form, because once published their copyrights are transferred to BIOTA NEOTROPICA as established in the Copyright Transfer Agreement signed by the author(s).

Manuscripts may be submitted in the following categories: • Articles • Inventories • Short Communications • Thematic Revisions • Taxonomic Revisions • Identiﬁ cation Keys

BIOTA NEOTROPICA accepts articles in English, Portuguese or Spanish, but all papers, in all categories, must have a title, an abstract, and keywords in English and in Portuguese or Spanish. For more details please consult the item instructions for authors.

The institution responsible for the electronic publication of BIOTA NEOTROPICA is the Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental, CRIA, (Reference Center for Environmental Information), located in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA is an “online only” journal that uses the World Wide Web as platform. However, to fulﬁ l the rules established by the International Codes of Nomenclature, 20 copies of BIOTA NEOTROPICA are printed and distributed to reference libraries.

Exceptionally, in 2001 only one number of BIOTA NEOTROPICA was published, therefore all papers accepted by the “ad hoc” referees and by the Editorial Board by December 31 of 2001 are found in volume 1, number 1/2. From 2002 to 2005 two numbers per year were published, but with the steep increase in number and good quality of submitted manuscripts, from 2006 onwards three issues per year will be published. Therefore, all papers accepted by the “ad hoc” referees and by the Editorial Board by March 31 will be included in number 1 of the current year; all papers accepted by the “ad hoc” referees and by the Editorial Board by July 31 will be included in number 2 and papers accepted by November 30 will be part of number 3 of the year.

With the exception of the Abstracts of Theses, which are published exactly as they appeared in the theses, all papers submitted for publication in BIOTA NEOTROPICA will be assessed at least two “ad hoc” referees. BIOTA NEOTROPICA uses the double-blind peer review process, i.e. the referees do not know the author(s) of the paper he/she is reviewing and the author(s) will not have access to the identity of the referees. Once articles are accepted, they will be published in the issue in progress.

During the initial six years, while the electronic tools of Biota Neotropica were being developed and tested, the ﬁ nancial support of FAPESP and CNPq covered also PDF production costs, as well as the costs of printing and sending to the reference libraries the 20 copies of the printed version. Now that the development phase its over, and Biota Neotropica became a reference for the large area of research encompassed by the theme characterization, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the Neotropical region, it is necessary to develop means to keep an continuously improve our publication. Therefore the Editorial Board decided to establish a charge per published page, for all papers submitted for publication. From 1st of July 2008 onwards this charge will be of US$ 20,00 (Twenty American dollars), to cover the costs of producing a high quality PDF, as well as printing and posting to the reference libraries the printed version of Biota Neotro- pica. Maintenance of the electronic version - including de development of new electronic tools - will still be covered by agencies like FAPESP and CNPq.

The page charge above mentioned should be paid directly to the company that makes our PDF. Payment details will be communicated to authors in the fi nal stages of the editorial process of the accepted papers. Aiming to fulfi ll the requirements of the International Codes of No- menclature we are producing, and depositing in reference libraries, 20 printed copies of BIOTA NEOTROPICA. Authors submitting papers with the description of new species, with new names or combinations thereof, should make sure that this procedure does fulfi ll the specifi c requirements of the taxonomic group he/she is working with. The Editorial Board has no responsibility in this verifi cation.

This publication is sponsored by The State of São Paulo Research Foundation/FAPESP (Grant 07/50856-8).

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Instruction to authors

Papers to be considered for publication in BIOTA NEOTROPICA should be submitted only through the manuscript submission site http://biota.submitcentral.com.br/login.php?lingua=en

All material sent in accordance to the instructions will be revised by at least two “ad hoc” referees selected by the Editorial Board. The comments made by the referees will be sent, without identiﬁ cation, to the author(s). The ﬁ nal acceptance of the article will depend on the decision of the Editorial Board.

Since March 1st 2007 the Editorial Board of Biota Neotropica established a charge per printed page. From 1st of July 2008 onwards this charge will be of US$ 20,00 (twenty American dollars). This is the cost per page of PDF production, as well as of printing and posting to the reference libraries the 20 paper copies of Biota Neotropica. Costs of the electronic version, as well as of the electronic tools developed for Biota Neotropica, will still be covered by grants from FAPESP and CNPq.

When submitting the ﬁ le: a) please indicate the category (article, short communication, etc.) the paper should be considered; b) send a list of four possible referees for the paper submitted, with their addresses and Emails; c) send a written statement, that can be in the submission Email, saying that you agree in paying the page charge if your paper is accepted for publication.

Whenever a species is ﬁ rst cited in a paper submitted to Biota Neotropica it must be in accordance with its Nomenclatural Code. In the area of Zoology all species cited work must be necessarily followed by its author and date of the original publication of its description. Plant names must be followed by author and/or last reviewer. In the area of Microbiology it is necessary to consult speciﬁ c sources such as the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.

The paper will only receive a defi nite acceptance date after the approval of the Editorial Board as to its scientifi c merit and conformity to the rules established. The rules specifi ed herewith are valid for all categories unless specifi ed otherwise.

All material should be sent in DOC (MS-Word for Windows version 6.0 or superior)format. Articles may have electronic links as appropriate. All material will be reformatted in accordance to pre established standards approved by the Editorial Board for each category. Images and tables will be inserted within the fi nal text following pre established standards. When appropriate, internal links to tables and images will be included. A PDF fi le with the fi nal format will be sent to each author for prior approval before publication. All images may be used to compose the site with the prior consent of the author and due recognition of the authorship.

Editorial For each volume of BIOTA NEOTROPICA the Editor in Chief will invite an expert to write an editorial focusing on topics that are interesting not only for the scientiﬁ c community but also for the improvement of public policies on biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. The editorial, with a maximum of 3000 words, must be written in English, Portuguese and Spanish and the author is responsible for ideas and opinions expressed.

Points of View This section aims to be a forum for discussions of relevant academic positions on issues related to Neotropical biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. For each number of BIOTA NEOTROPICA the Editorial Board will invite an expert to write a short and provocative article. The Editorial Board may publish replies whenever papers supporting an academic distinct point of view are submitted.

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Manuscript submitted to the reminding sections of BIOTA NEOTROPICA should be divided in two fi les: a Rich Text Format or MS-Word fi le with the main part of the manuscript (including title, abstract, keywords - in Portuguese or Spanish and English - introduction, material and methods, results, discussion, acknowledgements and bibliographic references) as well as tables and fi gure legends; a second fi le, with no more than 2 Mbytes, only with fi gures, that in the initial submission should be in low resolution (e.g 72 dpi for a 9 × 6 cm fi gure).

Before sending the fi les through the submission site please check them all to verify if all fi gures (photos, graphics, maps, drawings) and text fi les are in the correct format, regarding the standards used by BIOTA NEOTROPICA. All texts must use font Times New Roman, size 10. Titles and subtitles may use size 11 or 12. Features such as bold, italic, underline, subscript and superscript may be used when necessary. It is recommended to avoid excessive use of these resources. When absolutely necessary, the following fonts may be used: Courier New, Symbol e Wingdings (see item “formulas” below). Words should not be separated using “-”, only when hyphenated. Use only one space between words and don’t use “tabs”.

Once the manuscript is accepted for publication authors will receive instructions how to submit the fi nal version of the paper. At this stage all fi gures must be sent with the best resolution possible, to ensure good quality of the on line material. Main Document The main part of the document, including title, abstract, and keywords in Portuguese or Spanish and English, bibliographic references tables and fi gure legends should be in a single fi le named Principal.rtf or Principal.doc Figures should not be included in this fi le. The manuscript must be in the following format: Title: concise and informative Titles must be in English and in Portuguese or Spanish, using capital letters only in the fi rst word and in those for which there are specifi c orthographic or scientifi c rules Running title Author(s) Complete name of author(s); institution(s) and full address, whenever possible with electronic links to the institution. Please designate the corresponding author and respective email. Abstract Abstracts shall have a maximum of 350 words. Title in English and in Portuguese or Spanish Abstract in English Keywords in English Title in Portuguese or Spanish Abstract in Portuguese or Spanish Keywords in Portuguese or Spanish

Keywords should be separated by coma and should not repeat words already used in the title. Capital letters should be used only in words for which there are speciﬁ c orthographic or scientiﬁ c rules Main Body of the Manuscript

1. Sections If the text is an article, short communication, inventory or identiﬁ cation key, it must have the following structure: • Introduction • Materials and Methods • Results

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• Discussion • Acknowledgements • References

Results and Discussion may be merged into a single section. Do not use footnotes, include the information directly on the text as this makes reading easier and reduces the number of electronic links of the manuscript. 2. Special cases In the case of Inventories a list of species, environments, descriptions, pictures, etc. must be sent separately so they can be organized in accordance with specifi c formatting. In the case of Identifi cation Keys, the key must be sent separately so that it can be adequately formatted. In the case of referencing collected material it is mandatory to include the geographic coordinate in degrees, minutes, and seconds (Ex. 24° 32’ 75” S and 53° 06’ 31” W). In the case of endangered species only degrees and minutes should be mentioned. 3. Subtitles The titles of each section should not be numbered; initial letters should be capital and should be in bold (Ex. Introduction, Material and Methods etc.). Only 2 subtitle levels are accepted after the title of each section. Only one numbering level is permitted as well as only one level of items. Titles and subtitles must be numbered using Arabic numbers followed by a dot (“.”) in order to help in identifying the hierarchy when formatting the document. (Example: 1. subtitle; 1.1. sub subtitle) 4. Bibliographic references Include bibliographic citations in accordance to the following standard: Silva (1960) or (Silva 1960); Silva (1960, 1973); Silva (1960a, b); Silva & Pereira (1979) or (Silva & Pereira 1979); Silva et al. (1990) or (Silva et al. 1990); (Silva 1989, Pereira & Carvalho 1993, Araujo et al. 1996, Lima 1997). Unpublished data shall be cited as (A.E. Silva, unpublished data). In the case of taxonomic material, for citation, follow specifi c rules of the type of organism studied. 5. Numbers and units When referring to numbers or units, write numbers up to nine, unless when followed by a unit of measure. For decimal numbers use commas “,” when the article is in Portuguese (10,5 m) and point “.” when the article is in English (10.5 m). Use the International System Units (SI), separating the units from the value with a space (except in the case of percentages, degrees, minutes and seconds); use abbreviations always when possible. For compost units use exponentials and not bars (Ex.: mg.day–1 instead of mg/day, μmol.min–1 instead of µmol/min). Do not add spaces to change the line if a unit does not fi t in the line. 6. Formulas Formulas that can be written in a single line, even when it is necessary to use special types of letter (Symbol, Courier New e Wingdings), should be included in the text (Ex. a = p.r2 or Na2HPO, etc.). Formulas of any other kind, or equations, should be considered as a fi gure and follow their standards. 7. Figures and tables references Figures and Tables should me mentioned as Figure 1, Table 1, etc. 8. References Adopt the following format:

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SMITH, P.M. 1976. The chemotaxonomy of plants. Edward Arnold, London. SNEDECOR, G.W. & COCHRAN, W.G. 1980. Statistical Methods. 7 ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames. SUNDERLAND, N. 1973. Pollen and anther culture. In Plant tissue and cell culture (H.F. Street, ed.). Blackwell Scientifi c Publications, Oxford, p. 205-239. BENTHAM, G. 1862. Leguminosae. Dalbergiae. In Flora Brasiliensis (C.F.P. Martius & A.G. Eichler, eds.). F. Fleischer, Lipsiae, v.15, pars 1, p.1-349. MANTOVANI, W., ROSSI, L., ROMANIUC NETO, S., ASSAD-LUDEWIGS, I.Y., WANDERLEY, M.G.L., MELO, M.M.R.F. & TOLEDO, C.B. 1989. Estudo fi tossociológico de áreas de mata ciliar em Mogi-Guaçu, SP, Brasil. In Simpósio sobre mata ciliar (L.M. Barbosa, coord.). Fundação Cargil, Campinas, p.235-267. FERGUSON, I.B. & BOLLARD, E.G. 1976. The movement of calcium in woody stems. Ann. Bot. 40:1057- 1065. STRUFFALDI-DE VUONO, Y. 1985. Fitossociologia do estrato arbóreo da fl oresta da Reserva Biológica do Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, SP. PhD Thesis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo. FISHBASE. http://www.fi shbase.org/home.htm (último acesso em dd/mmm/aaaa) Periodical titles must be abbreviated in accordance to the “World List of Scientifi c Periodicals” (http://library. caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/) or the National Catalog/CCN-IBICT (http://ccn.ibict.br/busca.jsf).

How to cite papers published in BIOTA NEOTROPICA ROQUE, F.O.; CORREIA, L.C.S.; TRIVINHO-STRIXINO, S. & STRIXINO, G. 2004. A review of Chironomidae studies in lentic systems in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 4(2): http://www.biotaneotropica.org. br/v4n2/pt/abstract?article+BN0310402200 (last access in day/month/year)

Each paper published in BIOTA NEOTROPICA has an individual electronic address that appears just below the name(s) of the author(s) in the PDF version of the paper. This individual code is composed by the number received by the manuscript when submitted (031 in the above example), the volume number (04), the fascicle number (02) and the year (2004).

9. Tables Table titles of papers in Portuguese or Spanish must be bilingual - Portuguese/Spanish and English - so that foreigner readers can understand the data presented.

10. Figures Figures, when a manuscript is fi rst submitted, should be of low resolution, to allow an easy transmission and download of attached fi les by ad hoc referees that not always have a high speed internet connection available. All fi gures should be in one “Zipfi le” with no more than 2 Mbytes. The size of the image must, when possible, have a proportion of 3x2 or 2x3 between height and width.

Texts inserted within the fi gures must use sans-seriff fonts such as Arial or Helvética for a better readability. Figures that in reality are a composition of various others must be sent, each part, as a separate fi le indicated by letters (Ex: Figure1a.gif, Figure 2a.gif, etc.) Use bar scales to indicate the size. Figures should not have legends; these must be specifi ed in a separate fi le (see below). Authors are encouraged to open all fi gure fi les before submission, and check whether all (photos, graphics, maps, drawings, etc.) are in the correct format.

Once the manuscript is accepted for publication all ﬁ gures must be sent with the best resolution possible, directly to Cubomultimidia, the company responsible for the production of our PDFs.

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11. Legends Figure legends should be part of the Principal.rtf or Principal.doc fi le. Each legend must be contained in a paragraph and must be clearly identifi ed in the beginning of the paragraph as Figure N, where N is the number of the fi gure. Composite fi gures may or not have independent legends. If a table has a legend, this must be included in this fi le, in a separate paragraph that begins with Table N, where N is the number of the table. Figure legends of papers in Portuguese or Spanish must be bilingual - Portuguese/Spanish and English - so that foreigner readers can understand the data presented.

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Reference libraries for the deposit of the printed version

FUNDAÇÃO BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL BRITISH LIBRARY Depósito Legal Boston Spa Departamento de Processos Técnicos Weteherby - West Yorkshire Av Rio Branco, 219/239 - 3o. andar LS23 7BQ 20040-008 - RIO DE JANEIRO/RJ UK BRASIL ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS KEW INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA Library & Archives AMAZÔNIA/INPA Kew Biblioteca - Av. André Araújo, 2936 Surrey TW9 3AB Caixa Postal 478 UK 69083-000 - MANAUS/AM BRASIL LIBRARY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NMHN Room 51, Stop 154 MUSEU PARAENSE EMILIO GOELDI Washington, DC Biblioteca Domingos Soares Ferreira Penna 20013-7012 Departamento de Documentação e Informação (DOC) Av. Perimetral 1901, MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN LIBRARY Caixa Postal 399 P.O. Box 299 66077-530 - BELÉM/PA Saint Louis, Missouri 63166-0299 BRASIL USA

BIBLIOTECA DO MUSEU NACIONAL CSIRO/ BLACK MOUNTAIN LIBRARY Av. General Herculano Gomes s/n GPO Box 109 Horto Botânico - Quinta da Boa Vista Canberra ACT 2601 20942-360 - RIO DE JANEIRO/RJ AUSTRALIA BRASIL BIBLIOTECA DEL INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA, JARDIM BOTÂNICO DO RIO DE JANEIRO UNAM Biblioteca Barbosa Rodrigues 3er. Circuito Exterior Jardín Botánico Cidade R. Jardim Botânico, 1008 Universitaria 22460-000 - RIO DE JANEIRO/RJ Mexico, DF 04510 BRASIL A.P. 70-233 MEXICO BIBLIOTECA DO MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA/USP Av. Nazaré 481 FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN 04263-000 - SÃO PAULO/SP ZE Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum BRASIL Bibliothek/Library Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8 BIBLIOTECA DO INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS/ D-14191 Berlin USP GERMANY Ed. Paulo Sawaya - Centro Didático Rua do Matão, 303 SOUTH AFRICAN NATION 05508-900 - SÃO PAULO/SP AL BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE (SANBI) BRASIL Mary Gunn Library Private Bag X101 BIBLIOTECA DO INSTITUTO DE 0001 Pretoria BIOLOGIA/UNICAMP SOUTH AFRICA Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz” Caixa Postal 6109 13083-970 - CAMPINAS/SP BRASIL

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