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Univerzitet U Nišu Prirodno-Matematički Fakultet Niš Departman Za Biologiju I Ekologiju UNIVERZITET U NIŠU PRIRODNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET NIŠ DEPARTMAN ZA BIOLOGIJU I EKOLOGIJU Nataša Lj. Petrović Morfo-anatomska diferencijacija populacija vrstе Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. sa područja južne i istočne Srbije MASTER RAD Niš, 2015. UNIVERZITET U NIŠU PRIRODNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET NIŠ DEPARTMAN ZA BIOLOGIJU I EKOLOGIJU Morfo-anatomska diferencijacija populacija vrstе Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. sa područja južne i istočne Srbije MASTER RAD Kandidat: Mentor: Nataša Lj. Petrović dr Marina Jušković br. ind. 111 Niš, 2015. UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ FACULTY OF SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Morpho-anatomical differentiation populations of Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. from areas of southern and eastern Serbia MASTER THESIS Candidate: Menthor: Nataša Lj. Petrović dr Marina Jušković no. of index 111 Niš, 2015. Zahvalnica Najsrdačnije se zahvaljujem svom mentoru, prof. dr Marini Jušković na stručnoj pomoći, sugestijama, razumevanju i nesebičnoj podršci tokom izrade ovog master rada. Najveću zahvalnost dugujem svojoj porodici na ljubavi i motivaciji tokom svih godina studiranja. Biografija kandidata Nataša Petrović rođena je 7. oktobra 1991. godine u Nišu, gde je završila osnovnu školu "Branko Miljković" 2006. godine. Srednju medicinsku školu "Dr Milenko Hadžić" završava 2010. godine. Nakon završetka srednje škole upisuje osnovne akademske studije na Prirodno- matematičkom fakultetu u Nišu, na Departmanu za biologiju i ekologiju. Osnovne akademske studije završava 2013. godine sa zvanjem "Biolog". Iste godine upisuje master akademske studije na Departmanu za biologiju i ekologiju Prirodno-matematičkog fakulteta u Nišu, smer Biologija. Sažetak U ovom radu analizirane su populacije vrste Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss sa jedanaest različitih lokaliteta na području južne i istočne Srbije: Tupižnica (Preki kamen), Tresibaba (selo Sirovičnjak), Boljevac (selo Zlot), Prokuplje (selo Trnava), Niš (selo Kamenica), Niš (Delijski vis), Niš (Humska čuka), Kuršumlija (selo Rudare), Kuršumlija (selo Dankoviće), Trgovište (Vražji kamen), Preševo (selo Miratovac). Analiza je obuhvatila anatomske karakteristike vegetativnih organa, kao i mikromorfološke karakteristike listova. Dobijeni podaci su statistički obrađeni. Rezultati univarijacione analize varijansi pokazuju da skoro svi istraživani karakteri imaju veliki statistički značaj, izuzev dužine i širine stoma naličja lista. Sva tri testa multivarijacione analize varijansi pokazuju postojanje statistički značajnih razlika na nivou grupnih karaktera analiziranih populacija vrste. Analiza glavnih komponenti (PCA) dobijenih morfo-anatomskih podataka istraživanih populacija H. rumeliacum pokazuje da 66,084% ukupne varijabilnosti objašnjavaju 6 glavnih komponeti. Diskriminantna kanonična analiza morfo- anatomskih karaktera lista i stabla istraživanih populacija H. rumeliacum pokazuje razdvajanje populacija, ali i delimično njihovo preklapanje. Ove analize prate u većoj meri intraspecijsku diferencijaciju vrste H. rumeliacum na varijetete: var. blepharophyllum, var. rumeliacum i var. tenuifolium. Ključne reči: Hypericum rumeliacum, anatomija lista i stabla, površinske strukture lista, intraspecijska diferencijacija Abstract In this paper work were analyzed populations Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss from eleven different localities from the territory of south and east Serbia: Tupižnica (Preki kamen), Tresibaba (selo Sirovičnjak), Boljevac (selo Zlot), Prokuplje (selo Trnava), Niš (selo Kamenica), Niš (Delijski vis), Niš (Humska čuka), Kuršumlija (selo Rudare), Kuršumlija (selo Dankoviće), Trgovište (Vražji kamen), Preševo (selo Miratovac). Analyses included anatomical characteristics of vegetative organs, as well as micromorphological characteristics of the leaves. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. The results of Univariate Analysis of Variance show that almost all research characters have great statistical significance, except the abaxial stomata lenght and width. All three tests of Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed a statistically significant difference at the level of group characters of the analyzed population of the species. Principal Component Analysis obtained morpho-anatomical data of the studied populations H. rumeliacum shows that 66.084% of the total variability explained by the 6 main components. Canonical discriminant analysis morpho-anatomical characters of leaf and stem of the studied populations H. rumeliacum demonstrates separation of populations, and their partially overlap. These analyzes follow to a greater degree of intraspecific differentiation of the H. rumeliacum species in the varieties: var. blepharophyllum var. rumeliacum and var. tenuifolium. Key words: Hypericum rumeliacum, leaves and stem anatomy, surface structure of leaves, intraspecific differentiation Sadržaj 1. UVOD .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Karakteristike famiije Hypericaceae ........................................................................... 1 1.2. Taksonomske karakteristike roda Hypericum L. ........................................................ 1 1.3. Biološke karakteristike roda Hypericum L. ................................................................ 3 1.4. Pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja roda Hypericum L. ................................................. 3 1.5. Opšte karakteristike i rasprostranjenost vrste Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. ........... 5 2. CILJEVI RADA..................................................................................................................... 8 3. MATERIJAL I METODE ..................................................................................................... 9 3.1. Sakupljanje biljnog materijala .................................................................................... 9 3.2. Morfo-anatomska analiza............................................................................................ 9 3.3. Statistička obrada podataka....................................................................................... 10 3.4. Analizirane populacije vrste Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss.:................................... 10 4. REZULTATI I DISKUSIJA ................................................................................................ 12 4.1. Opis rezultata po populacijama ................................................................................. 12 4.1.1. Populacija 1 – Tupižnica, Preki kamen .................................................................. 13 4.1.2. Populacija 2 – Tresibaba, selo Sirovičnjak ............................................................ 15 4.1.3. Populacija 3 – Boljevac, selo Zlot ......................................................................... 17 4.1.4. Populacija 4 – Prokuplje, selo Trnava ................................................................... 19 4.1.5. Populacija 5 – Niš, Kamenica ................................................................................ 21 4.1.6. Populacija 6 – Niš, Delijski Vis ............................................................................. 23 4.1.7. Populacija 7 – Niš, Humska čuka .......................................................................... 25 4.1.8. Populacija 8 – Kuršumlija, selo Rudare ................................................................. 27 4.1.9. Populacija 9 – Kuršumlija, selo Dankoviće ........................................................... 29 4.1.10. Populacija 10 – Trgovište, Vražji kamen ............................................................. 31 4.1.11. Populacija 11 – Preševo, selo Miratovac ............................................................. 33 4.2. Statistička analiza...................................................................................................... 35 5. ZAKLJUČAK ...................................................................................................................... 44 6. LITERATURA .................................................................................................................... 45 1. UVOD 1.1. Karakteristike famiije Hypericaceae Familija Hypericaceae obuhvata biljke pretežno rasprostranjene u tropskim i suptropskim predelima. U umerenom pojasu uglavnom su prisutne vrste roda Hypericum (Stjepanović- Veseličić, 1972). Najprisutniji anatomski karakter su šizogene sekretorne šupljine koje su prisutne u lišću svih rodova familije u vidu neprozračnih ili prozračnih tačaka. Ove šupljine ispunjene su pigmentom koji pripada antocijaninima. Sekretorni kanali su prisutni u floemu, ponekad i u primarnoj kori, periciklu, srži, kao i u peteljci i lisnim nervima. Lišće je uglavnom dorzoventralno spljošteno, sa stomama koje su uglavnom okružene sa dve ili više ćelija. Dlake su retko brojne, uglavnom su proste, jednoćelijske. Žlezdane dlake ne postoje. Kutikula je često debela, posebno kod vrsta sa kožastim listovima. Prisutni su i solitarni i grupisani kristali kalcijum oksalata (Metcalfe i Chalk, 1950). Cvetovi su ciklični, dvopolni, aktinomorfni. Perijant se sastoji iz po 5 listića čašice i krunice koji imaju ljuspaste (krljušaste) nektarije. Prašnika ima u velikom broju i grupisani su u 5-2 snopića. Retko ima manje od 10 prašnika. Oplodnih listića ima 5-3. Plodnik je potpuno ili nepotpuno izdeljen u okca, sa velikim brojem semenih zametaka. Plod je čaura ili koštunica. Pripadnici ove familije su obično sa naspramnim ili pršljenasto raspoređenim listovima u kojima se često nalaze šizogene
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