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PAN-PACIFIC UNION PROGRAM AND PROCEEDINGS

First

Pan-Pacific Press Conference

A Regional Section of

The Press Congress of the World

HONOLULU, OCTOBER 21, 1921

Held under the auspices of the Pan-Pacific Union and called by Dr. Walter Williams, President of the Press Congress of the World. fj EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Alexander Hume Ford . Pan-Pacific Chairman Guy Innes .... Australia, Vice-Chairman V. S. McClatchy United States K. Sugimura Japan Jabin Hsu China Mark Cohen New Zealand V R. Beteta Latin America • C. O. Mayrand Canada Hin Wang China Riley H. Allen Hawaii Gregorio Nieva Philippines T. Petrie Hongkong H. Heung-Wo Cynn Korea Dr. Frank F. Bunker Secretary EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE of Permanent Pan-Pacific Press Conference Body

Elected, October 21, 1921

Lorrin A. Thurston President Proprietor Honolulu Advertiser. Dr. Frank F. Bunker Secretary Executive Secretary Pan-Pacific Union. Y. Soga .... Editor Nippu Jiji, Honolulu "36**5 •• . .- :•: :*• •*: :": ?'*• '; ":0' : • •: :• /: ..'•

2 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION

with which are U ,ui organization representing Governments of Pacific lands, affiliated Chambers of Commerce and kindred bodies, working for the advancement oi Pacific States and Communities, and for a greater co-operation among and between the people of all races in Pacific lands. Its central office is in Honolulu at the ocean crossroads. The Pan-Pacific Union is incorporated with an International Board of Trustees, representing every race and nation of the Pacific. The trustees be added to or of may replaced by appointed representatives # the different countries co-operating in the Pan-Pacific Union. The following are the main objects set forth i.n the charter of the Pan-Pacific Union: 1. To call in conference delegates from all Pacific peoples for the purpose of discussing and furthering the interests common to Pacific nations. 2. To maintain in Hawaii and other Pacific lands bureaus of information and education concerning matters of interest to the people of the Pacific, and to disseminate to the world information of every kind of progress and opportunity in Pacific lands, and to promote the comfort and interests of all visitors. 3. To aid and assist those in all Pacific communities to better understand each other, and to work together for the furtherance of the best interests of the land of their adoption, and, through them, to spread abroad about the Pacific the friendly spirit of inter-racial co-operation. 4. To assist and to aid the different races in lands of the Pacific to cooperate in local fairs, to raise produce, and to create home manufactured goods. for exhibits 5. To own real estate, erect buildings needed housing ; provided and maintained by the respective local committees. 6. To maintain a Pan- Pacific Commercial Museum, and Art Gallery. 7. To create dioramas, gather exhibits, books and other Pan-Pacific material of educational or instructive value. 8. To promote and conduct a Pan-Pacific Exposition of the handicrafts of the Pacific peoples, of their works of art, and scenic dioramas of the most beautiful bits of Pacific lands, or illustrating great Pacific industries. 9. To establish and maintain a permanent college and "clearing house" of information (printed and otherwise) concerning the lands, commerce, peoples, and trade opportunities in countries of the Pacific, creating libraries of commercial knowledge, and training men in this commercial knowledge of Pacific lands. 10. To secure the co-operation and support of Federal and State governments, chambers of commerce, city governments, and of individuals. 11. To enlist for this work of publicity in behalf of Alaska, the Territory of Hawaii, and the Philippines, Federal aid and financial support, as well as similar co-operation and support from all Pacific governments. 12. To bring all nations and peoples about the Pacific Ocean into closer friendly and commercial contact and relationship. TRUSTEES President Hon. Wallace K. Farrington, Governor of Hawaii Vice-Presidents: Hon. Walter F. Frear, William R. Castle F. C. Atherton Chung K. Ai rr.usurer F. E. Blake Mayor of Honolulu J. H. Wilson

' G I . I H-nison G. N. Wilcox J. M. Young Dr. W. T. Brigham Vaughan MacCaughey John Guild John C. Lane F. J. Lowrey Dr. A. F. Jackson Dr. Iga Mori F. F. Baldwin R.H.Trent K. Yamamoto Kit-hard A. Cooke D.H.Hitchcock Director Alexander Hume Ford Executive Secretary Dr. Frank F. Bunker and Consuls in Honolulu from Pacific Countries > ' I tin To

FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

CONTENTS Page

Frontispiece The Pan-Pacific Organization 2 Officers Pan-Pacific Day 4 Delegates Pan-Pacific Press Conference 5 Program / Sketch of program and procedure 9 Report of committee on resolutions —- 32 Resolution of thanks to news agencies — 41 The Executive Committee 42

Alphabetical Index of Addresses

ALLEN, RILEY H. Seconding nomination MAYRAND, OSWALD. The Pan-Pacific president. 42; Interchange of News in Union and the Canadian Press, 60. Pacific, 49. McCLATCHY, V. S. Reply to Introduction Secretary Morning Session, 16; Discus- BETETA, V. R. The Need in Latin Ameri- sion, Resolution No. 2, 39; Nomination can Countries, 79. President, 42; Trans-Pacific News Com- BUNKER, FRANK F. The Pan-Pacific Con- munication, 46. gress, 84. NIEVA, GREGORIO. The New Pacific, 30. HON. MARK. The Pan-Pacific COHEN, PETRI E, T. Nominating Member Executive Reso- Press Conference. 20; Discussion, Committee, 43; Pan-Pacific Cable News lution, No. 2, 37. Service, 44.

DAVIDSON, J. E. Journalism in Australia, SOGA, Y. Japanese Press in Hawaii, 62. 71. STEAD, HENRY. The Press and Peace in FARRINGTON, HON. WALLACE R. The the Pacific, 23. Meaning of Pan-Pacific Union, 11. THURSTON, LORRIN A. Report Commit- on Discussion Reso- FORD, ALEXANDER HUME. Why a Per- tee Resolutions, 32; lution No. 2, 38; Field Service for Pan- manent Pan-Pacific Conference Body, 17; Pacific Press Conference, 53. Closing Words, 94; Introduction of M. Zumoto, Chairman Morning Session, 16. TONG, HOLLINGTON K. Open Diplomacy, Hope of Pacific Press, 57. HSU, JABIN. A Message From Chinese K. P. News In and Out of Press, 65. WANG, Getting China, 88. INNES, GUY. A Pacific Understanding, 26; WEN, HON. S. T. Greetings from China, 12. Nominating Secretary, 42. WILLIAMS, DEAN WALTER. The Pan- KESSEL, HON. G. H. Greetings from Aus- Pacific Conference, 13; A Pan-Pacific 14. tralia, School of Journalism, 82.

D. S. The in 69. KIM, Newspaper Korea, YAMAGATA, I. Journalism in Korea, 67. LAWSON, COL. Discussion, Resolution, ZUMOTO, M. Reply to Introduction as No. 2, 39. Chairman Morning Session, 16. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

PAN-PACIFIC DAY—PROGRAM

Friday, October 21, 1921

Honorary Dean Chairman, Walter Will, an,.. President IVess Congress of the World.

Alexander Hume Chairman Ford, Conference Prog ram. Mrs. F. M. Chairman Swanzy, Entertainment Progra m.

Dr. Frank F. Bunker, Secretary of the Conference.

M Zumoto, Chairman Morning Session.

A. S. McClatchy, Secretary Morning Session.

Hollington K. Tong, Chairman Afternoon Session Hon. Mark Cohen. Secretary Afternoon Session.

Resolutions Committee L. A. Thurston Hawaii Guy II. Innes Australasia T - M. Wang china 1 . Petrie Hongkong Nieva Gregorio Philippines •Mrs. M. Evans British Columbia Dr. Frank F. (Junker America T. Sugimura japan V. R. Beteta Latin America

Agenda Committee Recommendations Committee a N and Guy H " Innes Australia V " s M°cCb' , , T- rf lEtCh5 ( ahf0rnia : Mn Snell Associated Press J China HoIH to " K - MZv^oU ^ Tong China ric U k R.' H. AllenlZ l' ™Z ™g r -HawaiiHawaii Y. ^Soga L - bS " MaMnvr-.nlr Canada Hin WonevvunS Chinaru H A Davip n ,- -Australia H. W. Patten Washington State FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 5

Delegates Invited to Participate in THE FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE

As a Regional Section of the PRESS CONGRESS OF THE WORLD

All of the delegates to the Press Congress of the world are expected to attend this Regional Section, and to take part in the general discussions. Only the delegates from Pacific lands, however, will be expected to vote at the business session.

Hon. Wallace R. Farrington, Governor of Hawaii, President of the Pan- Pacific Union and representing the President of the United States at the conference.

Dean Walter Williams, President of the Press Congress of the World.

Henry Stead, editor of "Stead's Review," Melbourne, Australia.

Hollington K. Tong, "Millard's Review," Shanghai, and "The North China Star," Tientsin.

M. Zumoto, editor "Herald of Asia," Tokyo, Japan.

Hon. Mark Cohen, fifty years an editor in New Zealand, and now a member of the upper house of parliament.

Gregorio Nieva, editor "Philippines Review," Manila, P. I.

V. S. McClatchy, editor "Sacramento Bee," California.

T. Petrie, editor "South China Morning Post," Hongkong.

I. Yamagata, editor "Seoul Press," Korea. Charles Oswald Mayrand, editor "La Presse," Montreal, Canada.

Virgilio Rodriguez Beteta, The Press Association of Central America. K. Sugimura, editor "Tokio Asahi." Henry B. Schwartz, "The Far East." W. Easton, "Otago Daily Times," Dunedin, N. Z. W. McCullough, editor "Thames," New Zealand. C. S. Smith, chairman. New Zealand Press Association.

Wm. R. Kettle, "Greymouth Star," New Zealand.

Sam B. Trissel, editor "Honolulu Advertiser."

John Snell, Associated Press, Honolulu.

Dr. Frank F. Bunker, editor "J apanese- American Review." Dr. T. Harada, editor. "Japanese-American Review." 6 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Major H. W. Patten, "Hoaquim," Washington State Press Association. Star-Bulletin." Riley H. Allen, editor "Honolulu

Lorrin A. Thurston, proprietor "Honolulu Advertiser."

Alexander Hume Ford, editor "Mid-Pacific Magazine."

Y. Soga, editor "Nippu Jiji," Honolulu. Hawaii. F. J. Cody, editor "Posl Herald," Hilo, K. P. Wang, "The Shun I'ao." Shanghai, China. and "China Press." Jabin Hsu. Chinese Newspaper Association of Shanghai, T. M. Wang, "Shanghai Press."

( ruy Innes, associate editor "The Herald," Melbourne. Australia. W. J. Kirkup, "Stead's Review," Melbourne,

H. A. Davies, president "Australia Journalists Association."

Barrier Broken Hill, J. E. Davidson, managing director "The Miner," Australia first Australian Association. ; president Journalists Andrew Dunn, Queensland Press Association, Australia. f. II. Kessell, Brisbane Press Association, Australia.

A. L. Wilson, proprietor "Auckland Morning Herald," New Zeland.

H. J. Clark, Santa Monica, California. S. E. DeRacken, editor "Outlook," California.

Harry Isles, "Southwest Builder and Contractor," Los Angeles, California. Frank Kearn, "Worth While Magazine," Los Angeles, California. Miss Lillian McKeown, "Sun and Telegram," San Bernardino, California. Mrs. Anna Blake Mezquida, "Examiner," San Francisco, California. F. U. Johnson, "Hermoso Daily Press," California. Mi^s Ada M. Temple, "The Republican," Mountain Home, Idaho.

Miss Margaret Evans, Victoria, B. C. Miss W. V. Johnston, "Manhatten Leach News," California. Mrs. Georgina S. Townsend, President of the Southern California Woman's Press Club, Los Angeles, Cal. Kim Dong-Sung, "Dona—a Daily," Seoul, Korea. Min Wang, Canton Press Association, China.

P. Y. Chien, "Social Welfare Daily," Tientsin. China.

Dan Logan, Representing National Magazine and Hawaiian Press.

Miss M. Eugenie Perry, Canadian Women's Press Club.

Howard Case, Publicity Agent Press Congress of the World. Will Sabin, Official Reporter of the Pan-Pacific Press Conference.

Henry Chung, "New Korea," San Francisco, California. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Program of the First Pan-Pacific Press Conference Honolulu, October 21, 1921

Morning Session at 9 A. M. the First Pan- 1. Reception on the steps of the Capitol to the Delegates to Pacific Press Conference by the Governor of Hawaii, the Trustees of the Pan-Pacific Union, the General of the Army and the Admiral of the Navy. of 2. Pageant and presentation of the flags of the fifty states and territories the United States by the sons and daughters of the various states, followed and by the presentation of the flags of Pacific Nations by their sons daughters in Hawaii. Adjournment to the Throne Room.

3. Address of welcome to the delegates by Hon. Wallace R. Farrington, Governor of Hawaii and President of the Pan-Pacific Union.

4. The Conference is turned over to the delegates by Dean Walter Williams. President of the Press Congress of the World.

5. Address by Alexander Hume Ford, Director of the Pan-Pacific Union, "Why a Permanent Pan-Pacific Press Conference Body?" 6. Paper from Henry Stead, Editor "Stead's Review," Melbourne, Australia, "Peace and the Press of the Pacific."

7. Paper by T. Petrie, Editor, "South China Morning Post," Hongkong, "Pan-Pacific Cable News Service."

8. Paper by Hollington K. Tong, "Millard's Review," Shanghai, and "North China Star," Tientsin. "Open Diplomacy, the Hope of the Pacific Press."

9. Paper by Riley H. Allen, Editor, "Star-Bulletin," Honolulu, Hawaii. "The Inter-communication Problems of the Pacific."

10. Paper by Gregorio Nieva, Editor, "Philippines Review," Manila, P. I. "A Pacific Understanding."

11. Paper by Guy Innes, Associate Editor, "The Herald," Melbourne, Austra- "The New Pacific." lia. 12. Paper by V. S. McClatchy, Editor, "Sacramento Bee," California Direc- tor Associated Press. "World News Service to Pacific Lands."

13. Paper by Virgilio Rodriguez Beteta, Press Association of Central America. "The Press of Latin America."

14. Paper by Hon. Mark Cohen, fifty years editor in New Zealand, and member of the upper house of Parliament. "The New Zealand Press of the Pacific World."

15. Paper by Matsadu Zumoto, Editor, "Herald of Asia," Tokyo, Japan. "Problems of Japanese Journalism."

16. General Discussion. Recess.

r S FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

( )n adjournment ;it noon the delegates will be entertained by Trustees of the Pan-Pacific Union and their friends at luncheon, who will escort them back to the Executive building.

Afternoon Session at 2 P. M.

In the throne room of the Capitol building.

1. Paper by Dean Walter Williams, president of the Press Congress of the World. "The Need of a Pan-Pacific School of Journalism."

2. Paper by Lorrin A. Thurston, editor, "Honolulu Advertiser." "Journalism at the Cross Roads of the Pacific."

3. Paper by Charles Oswald Mayrand, editor. "La Presse," Montreal, Canada. "Canadian Journalism."

4. Paper by Herbert Arthur Davies, president Australian Journalists Asso- ciation. "Journalists Union in Australasia."

5. Paper by I. Yamagata, editor, "Seoul Press." "Journalism in Korea."

6. Paper by Major H. W. Patten, Washington State Press Association. "The Pacific Coast and the News from Pacific Lands."

7. Paper by Jabin Hsu, Association of Chinese Newspapers, Shanghai. "Getting the News Into and Out of China."

8. Paper by Y. Soga, editor "Nippu Jiji," Honolulu. "The Japanese Press in Hawaii.

9. Paper by H. P. Wang, "The Shun Pao." Shanghai, China. "A Message from the Press of China."

10. Paper by Dr. Frank F. Bunker, secretary Pan-Pacific Union, editor "Japan- \ineriea Review." "How Hawaii at the Crossroads Station May Serve the Press of the Pacific."

1 1 . Discussion. Recess and adjournment to grounds of the Old Mission.

The delegates will adjourn to the old Mission building, where an afternoon tea will be served, and an Hawaiian entertainment provided. Business session at Mission Memorial Hall. Adoption of resolutions and business session during the dinner hour.

Adjournment

At the close ot thr business session an entertainment, prepared l>v the different Pacific races in Hawaii, will be presented. In the Mission Memorial hall there will be an exhibit of Latin-American and Pan-American newspapers and magazines. In the Library of Hawaii building a free exhibit of moving of Pacific lands. pictures The buildings all practically adjoin one another. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Sketch of Program and Procedure

At nine o'clock on the morning of Governor Farrington then turned the

( )ctober 21, 1921, Governor of Hawaii, meeting over to the chairman of the as the President of the Pan-Pacific Executive Committee having the pro- Union, the General of the Army, and gram for the day in hand, Mr. Alexan- the Admiral of the Navy, together with der Hume Ford. the trustees of the Pan-Pacific Union, After a brief address, Mr. Ford called of the gathered on the steps Capitol upon Mr. M. Zumoto of Japan to pre- building to receive the delegates to the side at the morning session and Mr. and first Pan-Pacific Press Conference, Hollington K. Tong of China to pre- with them to review the pageant of the side at the afternoon session. com- states and countries of the Pacific, Upon the recommendation of the and coun- prising children of each state Agenda Committee, the conference of each. try who presented the flag entered at once upon the chief business of the the of a There were fifty groups of children day, adoption plan from the States and Territories of the of organization and the consideration United States, each marching behind and adoption of resolutions proposed. the of this business the state flag, each in the colors and Upon completion time was over to bearing the floral emblem of his state. the remaining given These were led by a detachment from the presentation of addresses. the the national colors. Army carrying At the Mission Buildings The from Pacific lands in groups Upon the adjournment of the sessions were headed a their national dress by of the Pan-Pacific Press Conference at detachment from the United States 4 p. m., a number of Hawaiian Girl the colors, and con- Navy, carrying Scouts met the delegates in the balcony with the section escort- cluding Filipino of the Executive Building and escorted an historic silken of the ing flag them across the palace grounds to the which was presented to Philippines old Mission buildings where afternoon ( Governor as head of the Farrington tea was served and an interesting Ha- Pan-Pacific Union. waiian entertainment staged. of the At the conclusion pageant, In this group of buildings is the old led the into Governor Farrington way Kawaiahau Church, built in the early the throne room of the old Iolani misionary days of blocks of coral Palace of the ancient Hawaiian mon- brought from the reef on the shoulders archy, now the Executive Building of of the native Hawaiian builders. In the Territory. * the surrounding graveyard early mis- After a brief address of welcome, sionaries and Hawaiian kings lie side by is ( rovernor Farrington introduced a dis- side. Adjoining the group of coral tinguished visitor, Hon. S. T. Wen, mission buildings erected a hundred and Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, Nan- one years ago, and the first frame house king, China, who is on his way to the erected in Hawaii, brought around Cape Washington conference on limitation of Horn in sailing vessels from Boston. armament. In these houses the parents and grand- 10 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

now Active Work Begun parents of many of those who are Already leaders in I [awaii were born. Already, as this volume of proceed- In one of the buildings, in ( Ictober, ies to press, President Thurston 1821, a century ago, was housed the has begun constructive work by inviting first printing press west of the Rockies. committee tin' newly elected executive A of this was made reproduction press of the Pan-Pacific Congress to meet from the now in the Museum original with Dean Williams, President of the of the Commercial Club in Portland, World's Press Congress,; Alexander ron, and descendants of Hawaiian Hume Ford, Director of the Pan-Pacific chiefs in their ancient feather robes re- Union, and a number of the representa- enacted in Hawaii the tableau of the tive delegates from Pan-Pacific coun- printing of the first leaflets from a real tries. In this initial meeting it was printing press in Pacific lands. agreed that the first and most important Across the street in the Mission Pacific Press step for the Pan- Congress Memorial building, erected to com- to undertake was that of making a care- ni'-morate the centenary of the landing ful stud) of the facts with respect to of the missionaries in Hawaii, was dis- the securing and transmission of news played an exhibit of the newspapers in the several countries in the Pacific and magazines from Pacific lamb, espe- America. In region, ami to that end it was recom- cially thos C from Latin mended that the Director and Executive the Public Library building nearby was of the Pan-Pacific Union be exhibited motion films depicting life in Secretary the lands about the Pacific. detailed to make this investigation as soon as and the The activities of Pan-Pacific Da) practicable compile facts. It was further drew to a close at dusk, but the Execu- generally agreed that after the facts had been obtained, tive Committee, elected for that pur- that the organization would then be in pose by the 1 'an- Pacific Press Confer- a to determine ence, will now take up with the Pan position intelligently what should be taken to Pacific Union the work of keeping alive. practical steps secure unobstructed channels of com- active, and ever progressing, the plans munication among the several Pacific for a permanent organized bod) oi jour- countries. nalist- from Pacific lands who will meet in conference from time to time to Inasmuch as the Director of the Pan- establish closer cooperative methods in Paeilic I'nion and a quorum of the the gathering of news and its dissemi- trustees of the Union will be in Wash- nation among the countries of the Pa ington during the Disarmament confer- of cific and the world, to the end that ence, il was suggested that an effort be the peoples of the greal ocean may made to have a meeting of journalists know and trUSl each other more and held at that point for the further dis- more reaching finally a complete and cussion of matters of particular interest thorough understanding. in the field of Pacific journalism. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 11

The Meaning of the Pan-Pacific Union

Hon. Wallace R. Farrington

Governor of Hawaii

to think of Hawaii It is my privilege to call you to order We are pleased of a this morning in the capacity of Presi- as the friendly outpost friendly dent of the Pan-Pacific Union. nation, and the Pan-Pacific Union finds here a medium for its activities which I think that you have had a demon- is entirely friendly, and thus far in its stration this morning, on the front steps work it has found that the friendly at- of the of what the Pan-Pacific Capitol, mosphere which it endeavors to create Union and had an means, you expres- has been a very favorable medium in its mission in this sion there of part which to discuss the problems that are of the world. People have asked some- of mutual interest. I have come to dis- times "What is the Pan-Pacific Union?" like the word "problem," because that The answer is found in the union of indicates difficulties. We can discuss nationalities—races—on this ocean on, also a problem indicating difference of one is pleased to think, somewhat simi- opinion. We can also discuss the lar lines as the great Union of States pleasantries of life. We can find to which we belong. Sometimes people pleasant things on which we can go for- ask how it is possible to maintain inde- ward on a common plan. pendence while in a union which main- It is quite natural that the closing tains a reasonable degree of equality hours of the Press Congress of the among its members. To one who has World should devote a portion of its been born and brought up in the great time especially to the Pan-Pacific sec- union of 48 empires which marched be- tion. People from all parts of the fore you this morning, that does not world come to us here, and they some- seem difficult. We here at this cross- times drop in on us unexpectedly and roads of the Pacific have not found it find here, as you delegates have found, difficult to assemble the people of every a fair haven. racial group and of every nation on We are especially honored this morn- in us and friendly terms. The Pan-Pacific Union ing having with an unexpected is an agent for a better understanding very welcome guest in the person of in this part of the world, and we feel Hon. S. T. Wen, Commissioner of For- that by establishing friendship in the eign Affairs, from Nanking, who is on his area of our activities, we shall help way to the great meeting of nations in I to to spread that spirit abroad throughout Washington. am pleased present the world more rapidly. you, Hon. S. T. Wen. 12 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Greetings from China

Hon. S. T. Wen,

Commissioner of Foreign Affairs Nanking, China. — Ladies and Gentlemen: It is a great America not quite as large as the Con-;

the < rt)V- of last We be- pleasure for me to be invited b) gressional part)- year. increase our and ernor to address you. It is also a distinct gan to correspondents inert im old friend, Mr. to learn more, and so we could pleasure to Ford, began who started the first Pan-Pacific Union give more information to our people at

which 1 home. As boat is to in Changhai, an organization oi ni)- going leave to he a this noon, time is short. It feel very much honored member. my very , this morn- me the to ex- I was very much interested simply gives opportunity our and also 1 the con- ing, when observed great ceremony press great sympathy our the which you held, and the wonderful vey congratulations for com- demonstration in which so many p?onle plete and personal success of your great .if Mich different races met together and Congress. I meet many different people

—like in a like Hawaii and I worked together like one family fairyland here, brothers. It was really wonderful and take the opportunity to say goodbye to indeed. them and to all friends who are has impressed me very much my present today. (Applause.) 1 remember when Mr. Ford brought It be- a Congressional part) to visit China last Governor Fakkington: now \«ar. Now we are going to America comes my pleasant duty to turn this con- and will have an opportunity to meet all ference over to the wheel horse of the or- our friends in America. We have had ganization, Mr. Alexander Hume Ford. a thorough talk with them. We under- Alexander Hume Ford: Kindred stand each other. It was then that I Spirits: It is a great pleasure to follow began to realize that if people would the Governor who has succeeded on this take more pains t (1 exchange their views throne our kings of the past. and. as and have a clear understanding as to we are getting right down to business, their positions there would be more I am going to call on our Honorary good fellowship. I think it is due to President of the Pan-Pacific Tress Con- the great effort of Mr. Ford who gress and the Perpetual and Life Presi- broughl a large party to China, thai dent of the Tress Congress of the we are now taking a large party to World. Mean Williams. (Applause.) FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 13

The Pan-Pacific Conference

Dean Walter Williams,

President Press Congress of the World

The duty that lias been asked of me is democracy meant to him, giving or per- a very pleasant one, and one that I can mitting each individual to have the op- pefonn in a very brief and simple way. portunity of putting forth his maximum It is to express the interest of the parent effort. And democracy in the best in its child. It is to speak on behalf of sense, whatever governmental system it the Press Congress of the World a word may grow up under, seeks to give to of appreciation to the Pan-Pacific Union each race and nationality and individual, for permitting the organization here in in its own way, and without interference beautiful Honolulu of the first original from others, and not interfering with section of the departmental group of others, an opportunity for such self- the World's Press — a Congress viz, expression, such individual growth, as Pan-Pacific Press Conference. will best serve not only itself but all We have witnessed this morning a the world as well. ceremonial, the glowing mingling There is no room for conflict if pro- strength, beauty, grace and harmony gress is to be carried forward to its ut- that exist Pan-Pacific among people, most. The only conflict and clash and the of the Pan-Pacific Union, object should be the clash and conflict of opin- I think, and the of the certainly object ions and ideas seeking to promote that Pan-Pacific Press Conference is to per- which is best for all. We are not the mit each of these and nationali- peoples less servants of our national ambitions ties to to the fullest extent of grow if we at the same time recognize that their own individual and grace beauty others have national ambitions equally and without in power interfering any worthy of consideration as our own, with the and the way growth beauty and as long as our national ambitions and the grace and the power of the clash not with those of other nations other nations and in peoples represented and people they are properly to be ad- the Pan-Pacific lands. as the indi- Jut vanced and promoted in every way, in viduals in a are community encouraged every legitimate way, and now, Mr. to make the most of themselves, so Chairman, appreciating the helpfulness as the of the most of long making of the Pan-Pacific Union, and thanking themselves others to make the permits you for this opportunity to say a word most of so each themselves, community on behalf of the Press Congress of the reaches its results. highest World, as the father of the new Pan- Democracy Defined Pacific Press Conference, the Press Con- We have heard much about democ- gress of the World gives to it its bene- racy in these last few years. The finest diction, its cordial good wishes, but definition of a democracy that I know also its admonition and counsel that it was given by a Frenchman, Pasteur, a may do its best work in the best way tanner's son. (I have some sympathy unto the best end. ( Prolonged ap- with the son of a tanner.) He said that plause.) 14 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Greetings from Australia

I [on. ('.. IT. Kessel

Ex-Member Parliament, Queensland ; Mayor of City of Gladstone,

( Queensland

across in the It affords a visitor from Australia When I was coming to be there were some Americans such a- I am, a greal pleasure "Ventura," at the on and said in here today to represent Australia board, they my hearing,— Pan-Pacific Press Conference. My wife as they were leaving Sydney they a sort of and said: "We and I have come here, and Mr. Dunn heaved sigh, back to God's own my colleague from Queensland, on be- are going country:" half of Australia, to show you our sym- And T turned to them and said: "You

I leaven to back to an pathy with this wonderful institution are leaving go which you have originated in Honolulu, earthly Paradise." I \- 1 look at the map of the world, Now we in Australia—and here I talk the term I the hardly think heard, primarily to the citizens of the United Crossroads of the Pacific, meets the sit- States—we want to know our American nation — tin- Centre of the Pacific would eousins better. I use that term "cousin" In' all nations and all better. Here, advisedly. You know if we were to colors and live in seem to gravitate take your literature and your picture harmony, and one coming from Aus- films as an indication of what you are but be and tralia cannot impressed really, it would be quite unsafe for one given meat food for thought at the to stand here, because we are led to apparently simple way in which you believe by the ornery rubbish that you the race solve question. sem l across that every American packs While we have been here in this a gun or a knife. My wife and I wonderfully beautiful spot—and I think occasionally go to the picture shows, the "Paradise of the Pacific" is not at and I have got so now that I usually all a misnomer—while we have been go to sleep. They are so uninteresting lure and seen the wonderful improve- and un-typical of your country. Since ments that have been made, the ap- we have come across here, I can say parent harmony in which you all live, with the highest pleasure, we could — course it makes one wonder what will be the take you for Australians but of to outcome in. say, 100 or 200 years. I do not know how that appeals you. but I come from a pari of Australia not Perhaps you will alter it a little, represented here on the map of Aus- we have come here with open minds

tralia. Mr. Dunn and I come from and you have received us with open the Queensland. We look on it as the star hearts. I would like to express to state of tin- -tates of Australia. Every- President of the World's Press Con- thing that can grow in the world, prac- gress. and to your wonderful Director, ticallv, grows in our climate. We have Mr. Alexander Hume Ford, and through a climate as hot as you can boast of them to the people of Hawaii, how very here, and as cold, almost, as England, much we appreciate the wonderful en- FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 15 tertainment you have given us. Nature some assistance to the meetings to be has been wonderfully kind to you and held in Washington, under the direc- you have in many ways assisted nature. tion of your President, within the next few weeks. Hawaii An Object Lesson Every nation of the earth, and most 1 would like to say this, Mr. Presi- of them meet here today, must feel that dent, Ladies and Gentlemen, great as we are marching a step nearer to the is the importance of a Congress such as millenium. We look forward to the this, its main object will be missed if time when we will no more hear the those of us—the four of us who repre- roar of cannon, and no more see homes sent Australia—do not go back with a devastated by the war. Even in Aus- very—shall I say—a very chastened tralia many homes are saddened by the view of some of our ideas. I must con- dreadful results of the war, and if that fess that some views which I hold very conference convened by your President dear have had a rude shock. I will not does anything to remove from the say that they have been put out of their world the frightful curse of war, then position, but I will go back to Australia he deserves to stand high in the history and firstly tell our people the impres- of the world. sions I have gained about our Amer- Ladies and Gentlemen, Mr. President : ican cousins, because we are close re- On behalf of Australia, and shall I say lations of the United States, and then particularly on behalf of the Queen I shall tell them what I think of the State of Australia, I greet you. I thank — have other nations of the earth. One espe- you for the warm welcome you — cially an Australian of limited travel— given the Australians, and I go back and I am ashamed to confess that with my mind broader, my views broader, the exception of a visit to Africa, I and my heart warmer towards the peo- have not seen the rest of the world—to ple of the United States and the as- see how you have solved the problem sembled peoples of the world, and I impresses one. All I can say is that trust that our Conference will go one when we talk of the peace of the world, step towards making the peace of the Hawaii is almost an object lesson. Our world, of which we all hope and of meetings in the World Press Congress, which we all dream, an accomplished and this meeting, I hope, will be of fact. (Applause.) 16 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

The Introduction of Mr. M. Zumoto, Presiding Officer Morning Session, and Mr. V. S. McClatchy, Secretary

Alexander Mi mi Ford: My friends, in the solving of that problem which thousands of it is going to be my greal pleasure and will take thousands and privilege to retire from the throne, and years, the Tan- Pacific Press Conference turn it over to one more accustomed to which is now proclaimed, whose birth will seeing people reign than ] have been in we now proclaim before the world,

my life. In Japan. I attended a dinner take a very important and prominent given by Baron Shibusawa and across part, and therefore I consider it a the way ^at a gentleman who had a great honor to have been asked to take

larger goatee than mine. I spoke to this distinguished part in its first func-

him. I found that he was the king of tion. I now have the honor of calling the newspaper or press men of Japan. on that most respected delegate to the It is a greal pleasure and privilege to World's Peace Congress, Mr. McClatchy ask this gentleman, Mr. Zumoto, who to honor us and favor me especially, i- with us to preside over the morning by acting as Honorary Secretary during session and to take the throne. (Ap- the morning session. Mr. McClatchy plause, i will say a word. (.Applause.)

M. Zumoto: Mr. Ford, Ladies and Y. S. McClatchy: Mr. Chairman.

Gentlemen: I never felt more happj Ladies and Gentlemen: It is indeed and proud than now. It is indeed a an honor to be called upon by my privilege to be elevated to the throne, friend, Mr. Zumoto, to fill the position nol only of Hawaii, which alone would of Honorary Secretary under his juris- have been honor enough, but of the diction. I would be glad to do it if greal and powerful Kingdom of the only for my warm friendship and ad-

of I Press the Pacific. feel particular miration for him, for I learned to know in pleasure taking part in founding, in him in Japan. 1 have an idea, however, giving birth, to an organization which that I may serve a useful purpose. It is destined to play an ever increasingly is usual in my business to have a horri- important part in the solution of the ble example, and if that man Mc- greal problem which mankind will have Clatchy can serve as a horrible example n> attack, discuss many times, quarrel of what Pan-Pacific fraternity will do about -hake sometimes, hands over, and by serving as a baton to his warm friend it in such finally solving a happy wax- and occasional adversary, Mr. Zumoto, that all nations will be like mem- I have served a good purpose. I am bers "t" one Then will he family. there certainly glad to bear testimony to the no of more necessity harriers, frontiers, efficiency and value of the Pan-Pacific and all sorts of customs, things that Union, in that it has made Mr. Zumoto now divide one nation from another, and I friends and co-workers in a cause and which is at the of base all these that is, I hope, to be of benefit to the between different dispute- people. Now, world, i Applause.) FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 17

Why a Permanent Pan-Pacific Conference Body

By Alexander Hume Ford Director Pan-Pacific Union

There is need, as never before, that Australia and New Zealand for four- the and disseminators of teen cents a the gatherers word ; moment they news in Pacific lands come to a better landed, however, they were shut off knowledge of each other and each from wireless communication with others lands and problems. Australia and must resort to cable The Australian journalist knows little rates at 83c a word. Surely Australia of Japan, the American journalist is and New Zealand should be urged by confused by the reams of paid for press this Conference to find immediately propaganda that deluges him from the some means of opening their wireless Orient, the Japanese press takes seri- stations to the reception of press and ously the utterances of the American commercial messages from Pacific jingo journalist and tries to out-jingo lands, at least. him. The Latin-American press is I learned when in Japan, and from a fairly well served so far as her north- director of the Associated Press, that ern is r neighbor concerned, but little in ow ing to a contract between American other Pacific lands is known concern- Associated Press and British Reuter ing the affairs of the great South Amer- that world news to Japan must go only ican continent. through Reuters. Java has asked that The result of all this neglect of Honolulu be made a "drop" station and understanding is that Pacific lands are that a man be stationed here to select steering straight for the shoals of from the "drop" service such news as chronic misunderstanding and worse. each Pacific country may desire and Unfortunately the great news distribut forward it by wireless. ing bodies of Europe and America play Premier Massey of New Zealand in- an influential in part the keeping up formed me the other day that it may of Pan-Pacific misunderstanding. They be years before the round the world control, largely, the dissemination of British system of wireless stations is world news to and Pacific- between put in operation. One of these is to and of lands, because their contracts, be located at Auckland and the pre- entered into long ago, when news dis- mier hopes then that we of other parts semination methods depended on now of the Pacific, not colored in red, may methods it antiquated make practically be permitted to send wireless press for the of the Pacific impossible press messages to Pacific British possessions. to secure and abundant news cheap Who knows what may happen in service to which the invention of the the Pacific during the next few years wireless entitles it. before us if the press of the Pacific To illustrate, the delegates from does not arise to its. great duty and Australasia to this Conference, up to by truthful reporting dispel some of the the day before their arrival in Hono- misunderstandings that are arising be- lulu, could send wireless messages to cause of the fact that the press of the 18 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

con- of the Pacific will dissipate Pacific is not educating the people problems in clouds, knowledge of each cerning each others affairs. fleecy others affairs will take the place of the Pa- Tributary to the shores of and under- ignorance and prejudice cific lives more than halt" the population standing will supersede misunderstand- The Pacific Ocean is the of the globe. of the Pacific ing, if only our press future theatre of the commerce of the will consummate its high mission. world. Here in the Pacific meet the should be two distinct oldest and the newest civilizations. Perhaps there lands in the future Pan- Pacific Press From now on it is the Pacific bodies Pacific that must feed the world. Lack o! co- Conference: One a League of Pa- of operation and understanding among Newspapers composed proprietors should out- cific peoples would prove the greatesl and the husiness staff, that The calamity the world has yet known. line the general husiness policy, deal can press of the Pacific alone prevent with the cost of paper and news-gather- thi> and save the world. From cost calamity ing, reducing their by co-operative now on the of the world's greater part methods and perhaps reducing the cost will have their homes in Pa- people of international advertising to the ad- cific lands. Their leaders should he vertiser through similar methods of for hetter understand- brought together business staffs co-operation among the ing of each others aims and ambitions, of the newspapers and magazines pub- and the press should create, as it can. lished in Pacific lands. The other and a patriotism of the Pacific. more important body, for the peace of In the Orient of the many journal- the world at least, should be the actual of an Amer- istic leaders are graduates disseminators of news and information ican school of where they journalism concerning Pacific lands. They should have been as the foundation and taught, meet together to know each other that a news-gatherer should the principle, to plan work that will make people he at heart and in action. a gentleman of each Pacific land know more about This is also a tradition among the The the people of other Pacific lands. British in the Orient. This take pressmen first step such a body should leaven is the Saxon permeating Anglo would be to secure a reduction in the of the Far East and should he press cable and wireless press rates between the watchword of the vernacular press. Pacific lands, and actual free trade in This little body of men is having a wireless press correspondence, unham-

marked influence in the Orient ; the pered by any private or other contracts leaders the in the among pressmen that would militate against the cheapest Philippines, China. Japan and Korea, of possible rates in the dissemination other and trust know each personally international news and informations. each other. As this circle enlarges the The late ex-Secretary of the Interior, jingoists will find it more difficult to Franklin K. Lane, ex-President Wilson, excite the imaginations of those who Senator Cabot and Presi- do not always think seriously and Henry Lodge dent have all voiced the opin- investigate. The men of the mess in Harding ion that in the behind the Pacific, when they know each Pacific, having of traditions of other, will learn to trust each other, it thousands of years be the and in every Pacific land they will peace, that here might logical of Nations. strive to he worthy of this trust of birth place of a real League be the their distant confreres and the serious Who knows but that it may not FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 19

mission to of the press of the Pacific The Pan-Pacific Union gladly as- bring' this about. sumed the responsibility for the call, Next September there is to be held and further offers its services to the in Honolulu under the auspices of the permanent organization. Pan-Pacific Union the first Pan-Pacific The Pan-Pacific Educational Confer- Commercial Conference. It is hoped ence, recently held here, passed a number of that President Harding may be present, recommendations that it re- the and should he find it possible to be quested Union to carry out, among here at that time, he will. If he does these the publishing of its proceedings come to Hawaii, the Pan-Pacific Union and the preparation for and the calling of a second will invite the presidents and premiers Pan-Pacific Educational of all Pacific lands to meet here in Conference. The Union has secured friendly conference. the services of Dr. F. F. Bunker, to assist in out the Then, perhaps once more, the press- carrying recommenda- men of the Pacific may be asked to tions made and has appropriated suffi- gather in honor of such an informal cient funds for carrying out most of them. meeting of the heads of Pacific govern- In the matter of the Pan- ments, it would be an inspiration for aiding Pacific Press Conference kindred better understanding the future results along of lines I am certain that the Union would which might be incalculably good. The endeavor to carry out any recommen- Pan-Pacific Union at the request dations of this Conference, if so re- of Dean Walter Williams, President of quested. We wish to serve. the Press Congress of the World, issued The workers in the Pan-Pacific the call for the first Pan-Pacific Press Union are constantly brought face to Conference, with the that understanding face with the fact that for good or it was to be a permanent body to meet evil the power of the press will guide for conference two or three every the destinies of the Pacific. There is a years ; conference af- regional body need today as never before that you filiated with the Press Congress of the men of the press give us the best that World and one that would stimulate is in you toward the dissemination of the of annual local holding press con- truthful and helpful facts concerning ferences in the Orient, Australasia and Pacific lands. What will you do about on the Pacific Coast of America. it—how can we aid ? 20 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

The Pan-Pacific Press Conference

Hon. M \rk Cohen

Editor, and Member of the Upper House of Parliament, New Zealand

I. like the previous speaker, have printed and published a series of Angli- been brought here today somewhat can church publications and necessarily under false pretenses. We were given brought from England with him an to understand yesterday afternoon that ordinary printing press, certain fonts it was desired by the Congress and by of type and a quantity of paper. others who had taken an interest in Then you have to bear in mind that these proceedings to wipe off the slate New Zealand was colonized from very all set addresses in order that the different angles. The years 1839, '40 various functions set down for today and '51 mark the last of the great should go on uninterruptedly and that colonizing efforts made by Great Bri- those promised stories should be handed tain. There came to New Zealand in to the Executive of the Press Con- from Britain itself the very salt of the gress for careful sub-editing and pos- midland counties, those counties in sibly future publication. In that be- which the great English universities ot lief I have left my story at home. Oxford and Cambridge are situated, men who had received a liberal I see I am set down on the program very education themselves and who were de- to speak of the evolution of the press of New Zealand, which will form the sirous of paving a way in the South Pacific for a wherein subject nf the paper that 1 have pre- country they would be freed from trouble of Eu- pared, bui I am not going to worry wars and taxation and ynii this afternoon with a long recital ropean heavy of the difficulties of those journeymen might find a country sufficiently large to make successful their of till- printers who as far back as 1839 set project, the earth and up the printing press in Xew Zealand ing making respectable incomes therefrom. and have brought it since to a fairly satisfactory condition so far as its aims, Then the Scotch were sent from objects, purposes and results are con- Edinburgh at the time of the great dis- cerned. In that paper you will find that ruption in their church. They came to I claimed that the honor of being the Otago, arriving there in 1848. Again, first printer in Xew Zealand should be in Nelson, new settlers came and the given to one William Colens, who came New Zealand Land Company, which to New Zealand Ion- before the sov- was the first of these colonizing ex- ereignty of the British crown was periments starting out as it did from established and who came long before London. war any had devastated our country The result of these efforts was signifi- and who came to preach the gospel as cant, hirst, each expedition brought hand right assistant to that great Chris- with it either a journeyman printer tian Selwyn who brought the gospel to among the passengers or a plant for Mauri-. In the that capacity he printing and thus it came about that FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 21

there was established first in Welling- days. Nothing can be more sincere than ton as the official of the the we have organ New friendships made ; nothing Zealand Company, the Gazette, which more pleasing than to renew our ac- afterwards developed into a newspaper. quaintance with the President of your Then came a weekly paper in Otago at Congress, and nothing more delightful Dunedin called the Witness; then an- than to go away with the knowledge other paper in the North Island. Fur- that we have formed friendships that ther still, as a medium of communication will be ever memorable incidents apart between the settlers in Auckland and the from the work we hope to accomplish in southern province, another organ of pub- the future of this great World's Con- lic opinion was founded. gress. We claim also that the first daily It is not my purpose to go through paper ever published in New Zealand, the contents of the paper I have writ- The Otago Daily Times, had its origin ten. Those of you who care to hear in 18ol when gold was first discovered more about the progress of press work of This was in that part the country. in New Zealand will have an opportunity an of whose man- organ public opinion later of doing so. I would only say for was the ager among you during greater myself in regard to the project that you portion of this sitting, but who had un- have started here today that I hope it fortunately to leave with his colleagues may be successfully launched. I hon- by the Makura. estly believe, endowed as it is with the It was most unfortunate so far as we wisdom and the experience and the en- Zealanders were concerned that we New thusiasm of the gentleman who has con- did not receive advices of the postpone- stituted its executive during the six ment of the date of of this meeting years of its existence it cannot fail of Press Congress. Otherwise our itiner- achievement and the same measure of have been ary might differently shaped. success that the Press Congress has have traveled via We might Raratonga, achieved during the first years of its over Tahiti and San Francisco, coming existence. I know it is within the with the main of the American body bounds of possibility that the executive journalists in time to take part in the will send as missionaries to the southern session of opening your Congress. seas, particularly Australia, and the We came unannounced as the advance- country I came from, your good friend guard of the Congress. We were met Dr. Bunker and your irreproachable and by a fellow colonist and taken to what unmatchable Ford, and I trust they will were to be our homes for the time being, be able to pay a visit first to New Zea- and let me say here in the presence of land and will gather into their company this goodly company that if only for the a man there who I know will be of the friendships that we have made in this greatest possible assistance to them. I if for the kindnesses refer to the of of place ; only great Mr. Milner, head one we have received at the hands of all and our great scholastic departments; who sundry classes and if only for the good is full of love for everything that makes fellowships we have been able to make for the advancement of humanity and and which we trust we will be able to liberal art and a man who will work maintain during the rest of our lives until he dies for the advancement of then our journey, apart from any thing- those great ideals that I know possess else, has not been a trivial one, but one his soul. If Mr. Bunker and Mr. Ford that we can look back on the rest of our and Mr. Milner are sent away from here FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

as the evangels of this great institution I have got tired of hearing my own and make use of their opportunities, and voice, but take it from me as speaking

I know their capacity to do it. then I from my very heart of hearts that it am quite satisfied that in a few years to has been the greatest delight of my life come 1 may read of your doings and coming here as I do today for the fifth shall he- able to say as I say today with time to renew most pleasant acquaint- all sincerity that you have done wisely aneeships, to form new friendships and and well in placing on a sure and last- to go away satisfied that in my little ing foundation an institution that is humble way I have done something to capable of doing much for the cause of promote the cause of this great institu- civilization. tioti. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 23

The Press and Peace in the Pacific

By Henry Stead Editor, "Stead's Review", Melbourne, Australia.

I regret most deeply that illness pre- lars are spent on building gigantic vents my being present at the first Pan- superdreadnaughts which will be obso- Pacific Press Conference, to attend lete in five years, but not one dollar is which I traveled specially from Aus- set aside with the object of promoting tralia. better relations between the nations, get- I regard this Conference as of the ting them to know each other better, thus war less It a very greatest importance for the po- making likely. was litical centre of the world has now well known American statesman who, at shifted from Europe to the Pacific. In a time of crises prior to the late war,

declared : a the old world the great war has left the "Give me the price of Allies supreme. Their word is law and single battleship and I will undertake to make this threatened they realize that if they would main- struggle impossible." tain peace they must agree amongst themselves. In the Pacific however these Just suppose for a moment that the same Powers are by no means a happy Administration were to set aside no family. They do not agree, and their more than one percent of its war ap- differences, minor though most of them propriations for use in peace propo- be, actually threaten the peace of the ganda. Why there would be no war ! world. That being so every effort put Today it costs at least $25,000,000 to forth to improve the relations between build a dreadnought. What could not the Pacific nations is of peculiar im- be done with one percent of that huge portance at the present time. We news- sum for the cause of peace. But no paper men realize how great an in- Government at present sets aside even fluence we can and do wield among the 0.1 percent of its war expenditures for people, and if we. in conference, can peace purposes. come to some understanding amongst Several years ago when the mayors ourselves, can evolve some of plan of French towns were visiting England, united action with the of object enabling having been invited to do so by their the Pacific nations to to know one get English confreres, all the money re- another better and thus avoid the un- quired for their entertainment had to friction which so necessary easily arises, be raised privately. The British Gov- we will indeed have done well. ernment, although most sympathetic, It is an astonishing fact, which too had actually no funds available to pro- few people properly realize, that whilst vide these visitors with even one ban- all the great nations are spending huge quet !• Yet when distinguished soldiers sums on making preparations for de- from abroad came to England the War fence and war, not one of them is Office had always plenty of money to spending a single cent in order to sys- entertain them with. Every one admits tematically attempt to make the war that visits of this nature helped to bring they fear impossible. Millions of dol- about a better understanding between 24 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

of its defense England and France, but the expense of spend 0.1 percent appro- on for in the Pa- such visits had to be borne always by priation work peace That is not cific. £60,000 is a small amount, yet private individuals. righl of it should make the and I think it is the duty every carefully expended and induce his of £6,000,000 for defence newspaper man to try raising pur- to set aside a If all the Pacific particular Government poses unnecessary. no more than definite sum, better still a fixed percent- countries were to spend war 0.1 of their for age of its defence and expenditure, percent appropriations which should be used in order to facili- armies and navies on systematic peace convinced that the tate visits of representative men and propaganda I am navies workers from one country to another; need for those armies and those should be used to disseminate correct would quickly disappear. information about one in an- country We are, I think, all seized with the and above all should be utilized other, fact that wars are almost always due to run to earth in one the lies to country misunderstandings which had time per- are at so cir- which present widely mitted could have been cleared up. But another. culated about whilst the machinery for making war What is needed in every country is is always well oiled, efficient and up-to- a Ministry of Friendship in charge of date, no special machinery for preserv- all. It seems to me a man whose duty it should be to ap- ing peace exists at interna- well for the ply the grease of truth to the that we might work setting tional machinery when the friction be up of such machinery and urge our res- tween its parts became acute. We have- pective governments to set aside a mere r Secretaries of State, for W ar, for the fraction of the huge sums they spend Navy, Ministers of Defence. Immensely on getting ready for war to be used in complicated diplomatic services wdiose bringing about a better understanding nominal duty it is to work for peace between Pacific peoples, in running a but who, alas, are much more concerned campaign of truth to counteract the in finding out the latest devices other wild and foolish rumors which at pres- nations have adopted in their armies ent furnish fuel for misunderstandings and navies than they are in smoothing and mutual distrust. those little irritations which so away But whilst I think it is the bounded quickly give cause for war. duty of governments to systematically In Australia the year before the war work for peace and not concern them- we spent .almost £6.000,000 on the army selves only in preparing for war, it will and navy. Unless the Disarmament be difficult to bring them to a realiza- Conference at Washington is snccessfnl tion of that fact. Meanwhile can we we shall have to spend much more than not do something ourselves to counter- that in coming years. The taxpayers in act these lies and rumors which work the Commonwealth, already complain- so much mischief in our relations with ing, will strongly protest, but protests other Pacific countries. We are severely will be of no avail if other fleets of the handicapped because we ourselves do Pacific are being increased in size. The not know the truth about our neighbors man who has to find the money is and not knowing the truth, we cannot likely to approve the suggestion that a contradict the lie. It would be well if very small part of it should be used to every large newspaper or group of used to make the war he fears impos- newspapers were to have a reliable cor- sible. Australia could well afford to respondent in each country washed by FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 25 the Pacific, who could be relied on to other hand, when they have to pay even give accurate information himself and a small sum for it, their interest is pre- to report false news which was being served and when they would throw a circulated in the country where he was batch of free articles into the waste- living about that one where the papers paper basket, they would carefully he represented were located. Expense peruse those they had paid to have sent is of course the chief argument against them. this plan, but already some of the Aus- The scheme would require working tralian papers have made a beginning out and considerable modification but, and a reliable correspondent represents properly done, it should be of immense the Melbourne Herald in Japan. value in bringing about a better understanding between the Pacific peoples. It It is to be hoped that other papers 1S because we do not understand each will follow suit. But correspondents are other because are of each > we suspicious a luxury which great newspapers only

other < tha t we think and talk of war. If can indulge in, the lesser journals have we knew more about each other we to rely upon what they get from the would think much less about war. The large dailies and from chance letters, ress can do more than an other a enc The Pan-Pacific Union, which has al- P Y g y to about the desired understand- ready done so much to promote a better bring m £- Jt can fr°wn on scare rumors and feeling in the Pacific, might be of use seek to soothe instead of ruffle here. It might act as a distribution always the of its The centre of reliable news concerning every suceptibilities neighbors. Fa c b< n now th e centre of world Pacific There are of - country. 'plenty ^ f , , 1 , . . ,. , , , j , politics the responsibilitiesr thrown on lournals in Australia which would be .fl _,.__...... , the Pacific Press are far , , , °great,' °greater glad to have short articles telling, for . . . , , T . ... • than ever 1 , , T they have been before. am about labor conditions in a- , . instance,' J c , ,, , .,, ,, , . . confident that we will rise to the occa- _, , , , , pan and China; plenty which would s i on and do everything in our power to publish brief accounts of social move- dispd the danger of war and bring in ments m other countries and so on and that era of peace which we &Q fondly so forth. How far they would be pre- i magmed would be ours once the great pared to a "truth" service of support war had been won. I, at any rate, this kind it is difficult to but say, my pledge myself to do everything' in my experience certainly suggests that it power to assist any movement started would be unwise to offer it free. Indi- at this Conference which has as an ob-

viduals and whilst at first ec t the of mutual understand- newspapers, j bringing welcoming something for nothing, soon ing and trust amongst the peoples of cease to have interest in it. On the the Pacific. 26 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

A Pacific Understanding

By Guy Inxks Associate Editor "The Herald," Melbourne, Australia.

Throughout his tour to Australia and ister of Australia. William Morris New Zealand, Lord Northcliffe, the prin- Hughes, that, as the outcome of com- the "Times," munications with Senator cipal proprietor of Ix»ndon Washington, Minister has and one of the greatest of the British Em- G. F. Pearce, for Defence, no of been to Australia at pire's journalists, lost opportunity appointed represent emphasizing the importance, particularly the Disarmament Conference. Senator to Australia and the British possessions Pearce, who was appointed to his present in the Pacific, of the Disarmament Con- position in the cabinet before the war, can ference to be held at Washington. He be relied upon, by reason of his long Au- and his fa- pointed out that at this conference. political experience thorough stralia's fate mighl be settled, and. large- miliarity with the problems that will be his utterances, the five discussed, for the of ly as the result of ample presentation and a half million inhabitants of the Australia's case, particularly as he will are full his close great Island Commonwealth begin- have knowledge, through with ning, perhaps belatedly, to realize how personal association Mr. Hughes. vital to them and to their country are the of the transactions at the recent Empire problems to he discussed at the Confer- Conference of Prime Ministers. The ence, and how much they are concerned appointment of a direct representative is in the result of its deliberations. It was clear proof that Australia realizes to the originally understood that the interests full that her future is as closely involved of Australia, as a componenl part ot the in the outcome of the Washington Con- British Empire, would he safeguarded by ference as is that of any nation border- inter- the I '.ritisli delegation to this great ing on the Pacific Ocean. national and, Australia congress; though It is in the Pacific, in days to come. trusts her Motherland to the full, more that the form of our future civilization than one close student of die situation may be decided. Peace in the Pacific is thai die Australian Common- regretted a suret) for the peace of the world. A was not to be indi- wealth represented stroke of the pen may forestall and pre- one her own vidually and directly by of vent the blow of the sword. By strokes who could statesmen, interpret clearly of the pen has the Pan-Pacific Union been ami die attitude and ideals emphatically created; and there are no bounds to the .if his nation in to regard problems pecu- hopes which that Union may inspire for her own for instance, as the liarly -such, the dawning of the day "when nation maintenance of the White Australia shall not lift up sword against nation." It This is of policy. particular importance is fortunate and fitting that the Pan- in of the statement that in- view Japan Pacific press congress should precede the tends to seek the removal of restrictions great conference at Washington; for from to upon immigration Japan other there is as yet no other agency in exis- Pacific land-. Very welcome, therefore, tence so well calculated to promote that is the announcement of the Prime Min- mutal understanding between the Pacific FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 27 nations and that frank appreciation of understandings, too often deliberately the aims which they have in common to fostered, which, even if they do not lead safeguard civilization as is this organiza- to direct war, yet create an atmosphere tion of practical idealists. of unrest and distrust which can be para- That the shore of the Pacific is the lysing if not actually disastrous. No- threshold of the world has heen realized where does one realize this as in Hono- by Mr. Hughes, who, addressing the lulu, standing as it does as a marine Commonwealth House of Representatives telephone exchange where the world's confer- wires shortly after his return from the converge ; where, in the words of ence in England of the Prime Ministers Emerson, of the British Empire, said in effect that "Every day brings a ship— the solution of the problems of the Pacific Every ship brings a word." was a to the satis- essentially precedent Shall not the efforts of the Pan-Pacific factory conduct and conclusion of the bring the consummation voiced by the Disarmament Conference. It needs no poet : profound study of his utterance to demon- "Well for him who hath no fear. strate its truth. So long as there is a Looking- seaward, well assured possibility of this ocean becoming the That the word the vessel arena of the world in arms, for just so brings Is the word he to hear." long will the certainty exist that those longs And that word is —"Peace." nations taking part in the conference at Washington will endeavor to attain and As has been said by resolution duly at- maintain that state of overwhelming pre- tested, the Congress offers a co-ordinat- pardness which prefers arsenals to arbi- ing agency which can take the initiative tration, and, in too early a resort, cruisers and can stimulate, in the wisest and wid- to congresses of peace. Every possible est sense, education to common ends in that each step should be taken to ensure the various Pacific nations. And it can rather than participant has concrete "undertake either directly or indirectly the belief * * * piously hopeful reasons for a thorough scientific investigation that the meeting will achieve more than of the causes of war and assist education- has ever Hague Conference attempted al machinery in the various nations to re- aforetime, and that there must be no move causes which may contribute to war con- feeling, however diplomatically making." cealed that a has his though colleague Now, the power-house of that machin- cards on the table, there is a gun on his ery is the Press. No other medium is so hip. certain in its operation or so far-reaching Much, therefore, rests with the Pan- in its activities. It is for the Congress to Pacific Press Congress. Assembled on take advantage of it, and by its legiti- one of the fairest isles of a sea which mate use. discountenancing the spread of has ever been. a field of exploration and of misleading- or merely sectional propagan- commerce rather than the battle-ground da of the baser sort, to establish an under- of contending navies, it can serve greatly standing among Pacific countries which in making that sea Pacific in fame as it will form the best guarantee that the a of arma- is Pacific in name. By promoting an in- world can have for reduction ternational understanding, honest, frank ments, or, failing their immediate reduc- and free from Chauvinistic propaganda tion, a halt in that adding of armor-plate masquerading as patriotism, it can go to armor-plate and weapon to weapon far to annihilate those mischievous mis- which makes a nation so ponderous in 28 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

its might thai it must through sheer accuracy, general interest, and scope, this weight fall upon its neighbor. latter service, always having regard to Excellent within their limits as are the restrictions imposed by the cost of the various new- services to Australia, cabling, reaches, it is generally acknowl- and widespread as arc their ultimate edged, a high standard of excellence. But it cover far iurces, they are al present too costly, as might Pacific news more was pointed out at the recenl Imperial fully than it does at present. Press Congress held at Ottawa, to per- Whether greater recourse could be had mit of their full use as a factor in to wireless messages as a means of se- promoting international understanding. curing a more ample service is a matter There is too little opportunity for the of some doubt. "Were the cost of cable chronicling of consecutive and construc- transmission made cheaper, most of the tive steps in social progress, in altruistic existing drawbacks could be overcome. Ejislation and its effects, in great educa- Competition or threatened competition tional movements, and in efforts in any by wireless might have this effect, as the country which have for their objective the cable companies might reduce their co-ordination of international forces for charges in self-defense. But it remains peace. Were a cheaper cable service pos- to be proved by actual experiment wheth- sible, particularly between countries bor- er an exclusively wireless service could dering upon the Pacific, Australian pa- ever take the place of cable news. A pers could afford to a greater extent than partly wireless service has been intro- hey do at present to maintain trust- duced by the Pacific Cable Board, but worthy special correspondents in the im- this is not much used for press purposes. irtant cities of these whose work lands, It should here be explained that there would Ear to what be go promote may are two principal cable companies oper- described as the entente cordiale of the ating routes to Australia from England. Pacific. This, from the Australian point One is the Pacific, by which messages of view, would he to the es- preferable after being transmitted from England bureau which tablishment of a news across the Atlantic to Vancouver by the would endeavor to serve the Australian Anglo-American and Commercial Com- as a whole. The more important press pany's cable, are forwarded from Montre- Australia!) to maintain as papers prefer al by way of Fanning Island, Fiji, and far as an in their possible individuality Norfolk Island to Southport, Queensland, .ice, at least as far as the two whence they are distributed over Austra- in of are concerned. -roups journals lia. There is a branch cable from Nor- main are concerned. One of these groups folk Island to New Zealand. In addition, which consists of morn- groups, largely there are two submarine cables which ives a cable service which ing papei connect the latter Dominion with the is under control of its own managing Australian mainland. editors in London and New York, and The other principal organization is the the other, in which the two principal Eastern Extension Cable Company, Australian evening Mel- journals (the which, in addition to the original cable bourne ••Herald" and the Sydney "Sun") from London to Port Darwin, in the are iated, in with Reu- conjunction Northern Territory of Australia, has du- ters, recei vices from Van- London, plicated this line, and has also laid a couver, Tokio and elsewhere, although cable from Great Britain via Durban, London and Vancouver are the main South Africa, to Fremantle, West Au- From the headquarters. point of view of stralia. There is an alternative route, FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 29 partly belonging to the Eastern Extension tion in cable rates. In any case, the Company, connecting the Port Darwin- lowering of the latter should be strongly Singapore cable with London via Hong urged by the Pan-Pacific Press Con- Kong, Shanghai, and Russia. A cable gress. from Java to Cocos Island affords an- But whatever be the ultimate means other route from South Africa to Au- adopted to increase the scope and effi- stralia, and a radio station at Cocos ciency of the news services throughout the Pacific, no can be strengthens the line of communication be- permanent good tween Australia and the East. Rates for achieved that is not sought in a spirit of forbearance, and mutual press cables from England range from understanding, comprehension. Concession must meet seven cents to seventy two cents a word, with concession, not challenge with chal- according to whether they are ordinary lenge. The Pan-Pacific Union has sup- press or urgent. plied the initiative, and it is for the press In the of wireless considering question of the Pacific to follow its example. Na- must be had the competition, regard to tion by nation, it may educate the world. fact that the Governments of the various Much has already been gained by the Australian States were, and the Austra- gathering together in one spot, where lian Federal Government is, financially they may interchange ideas and formu- interested in the continuance of the exist- late constructive proposals, of so many ing cable services, inasmuch the cable men who are primarily a power for the companies were or are subsidided by dissemination of the truth. The torch of Government to defray in part the cost of enlightenment has been kindled, and it illuminate the half the service or of laying the original cable. may yet greater of the The of a better With regard to the Pacific Cable, the globe. acquisition mutual of national aims and Commonwealth shares proportionately in knowledge is from such a the profit or loss which accrues from the aspirations inseparable

as this ; and when those who traffic. The subsidy agreement between meeting have assembled forth to the State Governments and the Eastern go pledged spread in their own countries the truth Extension Company expired in 1900. about every other land, the good that Even if present circumstances, which will result must be incalculable. With include the terms of con- existing press every succeeding conference the scope of tracts with the cable do not companies, achievement will be amplified, until, in permit of immediate recourse to wire- Mr. Alexander Hume Ford's notable less, the prospect of its adoption might words, the press has created a patriotism be of value as a lever to secure a reduc- of the Pacific. 30 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

The New Pacific

By Gregorio Nieva Editor, "Philippines Review", Manila. P. J.

We of. the Pacific wish to know each Europeans, until Europe too is willing with the rest of other. That is the present trend of feel- to be but an equal unit ours. in-' among peoples in Pacific countries, us in this world of

! indeed at this new and it is indeed most reassuring. am gratified It is in such The Pacific peoples are simply awak- unity spirit in the Pacific. find our It ening to the fact that they must have union that we will strength. of our something of their own, that they must is in such union that the basis hold their own, and be given due self-assertion will permanently rest. It chance to hold their own. Europe has is through such union we Pacific people? take been, up to this time, the control- hope to manage our own affairs, to look after ling power in the Pacific. Year care of our own welfare, to the in and year out, peoples on this side of the our own interests. Let Eastern Asia, the earth have seen European policies going United States, Canada, Australasia, hi unchecked and unchanged, keeping United States, while each is looking themselves always behind the times, after itself, look after our joint inter- without any very alluring regard to ests, as Europe looks after herself. the fact that progress, notwithstanding We may regret that Europe is stub- we must for we can not stand in advance, bornly insistent on holding her own still. must ahead, and we of the We go her own peculiar way, that European Pacific are thanks to God and advancing, nations war against each other, kill each efforts the we are making undauntedly, other, murder each other, and try their in of unfavorable circumstances. spite any best to destroy each other, but the main The of the Pacific are peoples feeling thing is for us to be left alone in our a new impulse, an impulse toward Pan- own affairs. The welfare of the Pacific Pacific brotherhood, toward a true pa- countries rests not upon Europe. It rests triotism of the Pacific. entirely upon our own shoulders, al- The Pacific is asserting itself. We though the cooperation of Europe would are asserting ourselves on this side he of inestimable value and must be se- of the -lobe in the assurance that cured, if Europe desires to have her due our self-assertion will meet a generous place in the friendship of the Pacific and unanimous response throughout the countries which must have their definite rest of the world. It is but logical that say in Pacific matters and in such lines we inu^t have a personality of our own of world affairs as are distinctly their and the time has come when we feel the own. I have not the least argument to impulse unitedly to reach out and grasp offer against the statement made by Vis- what the Almighty has so generously al- count Bryce that the danger of the next lotted to us in the creation of this world war still is in Europe—not in the Pacific, The future of the Pacific must be shared opinion come true, for that should prove in by the peoples of the Americas, Aus- an actual relief to us. But even on this tralasia and Asia, leaving Europe for line of thought, we must be in mutual FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 31

understanding" for a concerted action in thoroughly on matters chiefly of our own case of emergency to affect us, for we concern. Such an association should suffered greatly through the last war, bring all Pacific countries into actual which although not a Pacific war de- cohesion by causing them to know each stroyed or maimed about 10 per cent of other better and to know and understand Australia's population, bled Canada, com- their plans and ambitions better than pelled China, Japan and the Philippines heretofore. Such a Pan-Pacific press to share in the expense, crippled the trade association, by keeping secret diplomacy of the Pacific, besides utterly handicap- miles and miles away from us, would ping the whole Pacific world. We don't bring peace ever within our grasp and want any more wars. Let Europe have this will be accomplished chiefly by hav- them. We don't care for them. ing our own direct source of proper infor- But to meet and cope with the new mation, with our own inter-Pacific ma- situation that is coming, we must pro- chinery properly running and kept up to vide for an adequate foundation for it, promote the progress, welfare and safety and we can adequately have it through of the whole Pacific. the formation of a Pan-Pacific Press As- We of the Pacific wish to know each sociation to inform our own Pacific world other. 32 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Report of the Committee on Resolutions

Lorrin A. Thurston, Chairman

I would say that the Committee was wished to have incorporated into its presented with three apparently incon- policies, consequently the Committee has sistent propositions: one was that this felt strongly that it was extremely de- Pan-Pacific ( ongress, the permanent or- sirable to have the three policies com- ganization, should be under the control bined if possible, and the resolutions I of the World's Press Congress; the will now present are an attempt to do second proposition was that it should be that. under the control of the Pan-Pacific A second problem presented was as to Union; and the third, that it should be the method of control of the organiza- an independent body. The duties of the tion, the difficulties being, on the one Committee have been to try and recon- hand, that it should be democratic and cile these three propositions, and it was that every member of the Congress recognized, before the initial steps were should have to in taken, that there were advocates for all something say regard to its but, on the other hand. three propositions. policies, our members are so scattered that, in Taking the last first, it seemed that order to secure promptness and efficiency the newspaper men of the Pacific were of action, it is to have con- able to handle their own affairs with- necessary centrated control for current work. out having to look to anybody else for advice or counsel. On the other hand, We have attempted in that respect to we recognized that it is an unorganized give a control to every member of the body, so far as having any paid official, Congress when the meetings take place. and experience has demonstrated that In order to give a partial general con- an unpaid organization of men with trol by the members during the inter- other business to attend to is liable to vals between meetings, the scheme has interest, and affairs are apt to lag be- been devised of having a general com- hind, whereas a permanently organized mittee which shall consist of at least body with paid officials, such as is the one member from every country in the Pan-Pacific Union, whose first business organization. In order that this may is I- carry out the objects of that organ- never delay operations, the countries be- ization, will be much more promptly ing scattered along the Pacific, requiring attended to. It is desirable to allow the a month or two for full consideration,

Pan-Pacific Union to utilize its machin- the additional scheme was devised of ery for carrying out this object. As to having a central steering committee of the Press Conference, the Committee three persons, and again, to get prompt »gnizes the extreme advantage of action, that these be located in Hono- being part and parcel of a working lulu, where lines between the countries organization, and therefore having the are shortest. That is an explanation as moral as well as the positive and ma- to why there appears to be undue con- terial support of thai organization when centration of authority between meet- it had formulated policies which it ings. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 33

The Report Hawaii, U.S.A., with offices in Hono- an Your Committee on Resolutions here lulu, having international Board of Trustees the na- with presents four resolutions relative representing principal tions of the Pacific, one of the main to : objects of which is to call conferences 1. The organization of a permanent of from Pacific to dis- ( delegates regions Pan-] 'untie inference : cuss and further 2. Electrical News Service in and interest-; common to Pacific with a view to about the Pacific; peoples, bringing them into closer contact and more 3. Defining the scope of the activities of the Pan-Pacific Press Confer- friendly relations ; .hid Whereas the said Pan-Pacific ence : Union has called the first Pan-Pacific 4. Endorsing the Conference to Limit with Armaments and to consider the Press Conference the approval and of the Press of problems of the Pacific and the Far cooperation Congress East. the World, and has financed this Confer- ence its Your Committee recommends the and offers services in carrying forward recommendations made the adoption of these resolutions. by Conference, in calling further Pan- Lorrin A. Thurston, Pacific Conferences at such times and Chairman Committee on Resoluions, places as may be mutually agreed upon, Pan-Pacific Press Conference. when so requested by the proper officers of the and in Resolution No. 1. Concerning the same, bringing the press Organization of a Permanent Pan- men of the Pacific into better acquain- Pacific Press Conference. tanceship, cooperation, correspondence

and communication ; Whereas, representatives of the press Be I.t Resolved, that the members of of the countries in and bordering upon this Pan-Pacific Press Conference be the Pacific < )cean in attendance upon md hereby are organized into a perma- the sessions of the Press Congress of nent to be known as the "Pan- the World have been convened and are body Pacific Press Conference," to consist now in session as the "Pan-Pacific Press of of the from the Conference" for the consideration of representatives press countries and states in or bordering upon matters of special concern to the jour- the Pacific Ocean such ; representatives nalism of the Pacific regions: to be appointed upon such conditions, in And Whereas the formation of a per- such numbers and in such manner as manent organization of representatives may be hereafter decided by the Gen- of the press of the Pacific will promote eral Committee of said Conference as the purposes for which this Conference hereinafter indicated : was called ; provide a means for effectu- ating its objects and desires; give pub- Powers Vested In General Com- licity to its purposes and proceedings mittee : and the needs of the Pacific and region Be It Further Resolved, that all of the furnish a medium for and hold- calling po\vers of the Pan-Pacific Press Confer- future of such ing meetings representa- ence hereby formed, between the meet- tives : ings of same, shall be vested in a Gen- Status of Pax-Pacific Union eral Committee, consisting of not less And Whereas the Pan-Pacific Union than one delegate from each country or is a duly incorporated body, organized state now represented in the present under the law> of the Territory of Conference, or which may hereafter be 34 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Term of Office represented therein; who shall be appointed by the President. The officers and members of said General and Executive Committees shall \ r ,,, lvlM ,M AN|) functions of Executive Committei continue to hold their respective offices

• ... , , until their successors are duly elected Except as herein otherwise provided, . - or , t iL /- i r appointed,ll all ot the powers oi the General Lorn- mittee shall be vested in an Executive Power to Amend Terms of Committee of three, one of whom shall Organization be the President, and one the Secre- The members of the General Commit- The shall also act as tary. Secretary tee are iiereby authorized, by majority Treasurer of the Conference, of the Gen- vote between' sessions of this Confer- Committee and of the Executive ral encej to amend or add to the terms of Committee. organization herein expressed. For purposes of convenience of ad- Resolved: That the members- of the and of ministration securing promptness pan-Pacinc Press Congress pledge them- the President and action, Secretary se i ves to ur?e upon their respective until otherwise ordered the shall, by o-OVernments the extreme desirability of Conference or the General Committee, abolishing the requirement for passports he of Hawaii. residents Honolulu, between Pacific countries; and, if such Present Executive Committee course shall, in any case, be found in- The members of the Executive Com- advisable for the present, that the regu- mittee are hereby declared to he: lations concerning the same be simpli- far as and ! 'resident ned so practicable ; further, in with the issu- Secretary that charges connection ance of such be limited to the M ember -. . . passports

, at issue. r t i- ii original fee paidl the time of Vacancies In Committee— How & Filled Offer of Pan-Pacific Union Accepted Vacancies in the General Committee or the Executive Committee, caused by Be It Further Resolved, that the said death, resignation, disability or failure offer of the Pan-Pacific Union is hereby to act for the space of one year, shall accepted with the sincere thanks of this he filled by appointment by the Presi- Conference.

• lent. Regional Section of World Congress In case of a vacancy in the office of Be It Further Resok'ed, that, in the 1 'resident, the same shall be filled by opinion of this Pan-Pacific Press Con- vote of the General Committee. ference, it will be in the best interests Members of the General Committee of all concerned if the Pan-Pacific Press representing additional countries or Conference shall act as and be a perma- states which may hereafter join said nent regional section of the Press Con- Con ference, shall he appointed by the gress of the World, representing it and President. cooperating with it, in and concerning ( >fficers and members of said General all matters appertaining to or of spe- and Executive Committees shall be here- cial interest to the countries and peoples after elected at each meeting of the of the Pacific, and the Executive Com- Pan-Pacific Press Conference, by a ma- mittee is hereby authorized and directed jority vote of the delegates attending to make such arrangements to effectuate such meeting. this suggestion as are mutually satis- FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 35 factory to it and the Press Congress of That the day has passed when the the World. mail is adequate to transmit news from the shall be one to another Meetings of Conference country ; called by the President, or by a ma- That communication from one country jority of the Executive Committee, at to another by electric telegraph, cable such times and places as, in conference or wireless, is essential to that full and with the Pan-Pacific Union, may be prompt knowledge of what is transpiring determined, due notice thereof being in the various countries to secure in given to members of the Conference. full measure the benefits incident to pub- Appointments Subject to Veto licity. herein to Every appointment provided That to obtain the full advantage and be made by the President, shall, when benefits of such electrical transmission made, be to each immediately reported of press messages, it should reach all member of the General Committee, and parts of the civilized world by the short- shall be subject to revocation and the and routes est, cheapest quickest ; of another in thereof, appointment place That such service around and across upon a vote to that effect by a majority the Pacific Ocean is, as to some portions of the General Committee. Until such thereof in its connections inadequate ; vote is received, such appointment shall hampered by artificial obstacles, and so be effective. expensive as to be prohibitive of the Resolution No. 2—Electrical News free use necessary to enable the press Service In and About the Pacific to make the best and fullest use thereof; Ocean. That this Conference hereby declares Whereas news dispatches are now its unqualified conviction that prompt of the means of communica- transmitted electrically with speed, effi- expansion ciency and economy between certain tion to all parts of the Pacific and ex- countries bordering upon the Pacific tension to the press of facilities for uncensored and un- Ocean ; but as to certain other countries, cheap unrestricted, controlled electrical more particularly between the United communication will be a States on the one hand and Japan, New throughout the Pacific most Zealand and Australia on the other, such potent influence for securing, establish- service is neither speedy, efficient nor ing and maintaining good feeling, good will and between the of economical ; peace peoples that tend satis- It is hereby declared by the Pan- region, and thus to a Pacific Press Conference now assem- factory solution of the chief issue now bled in the City of Honolulu, Territory pending before the nations. of Hawaii, U. S. A. : That this Conference hereby most That ignorance by one people of the heartily commends the policy under character, objects, purposes, doings and which the wireless service of the U. S. intentions of other peoples, is the most Navy is now transmitting press mes- prolific cause of misunderstanding and sages between certain points in the Pa- ill-feeling between such peoples, tending cific, at a low rate and hereby most to generate suspicion and produce fric- urgently recommends that such service tion and disagreement and is therefore be expanded and extended to all parts one of the causes of war. of Pacific and principal the where practicable ; That the easiest, quickest and best that the charges for such service shall medium for dispelling such ignorance is not exceed the amounts necessary to the public press ; make such service self-supporting. 36 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

I o Thai to insure the full and adequate 3. take such steps as are neces- exchange of desirable news if the pur- sary to securing cheaper rates and more

es ( >f this declaration arc to be as efficient service for telegraph, cable am! sured it is necessary that means be wireless messages. evolved for the collection of news in 4. To entertain representatives of the the several countries affected and the press of the Pacific a- they pass through same exchanged through some comi Honolulu, thus utilizing the opportunity for the Pan-Pacific lium mutually agreed upon : afforded spreading That such news having been so col- spirit. the of d it is highly desirable that the 5. To investigate feasibility die international of ^anic should so far as reasonablj prac- interchange jour- ticable, he- concentrated at a com n nalists to the end that wider contacts center, to be there segregated and for may he created and initiate such inter- if a can he formed. warded to such points as it may be of change practical plan interest. Honolulu is recommended as 6. To consider the practicability of the point at which such news exchange establishing a Pan-Pacific school of should be located. journalism and take steps to bring this That this Conference therefore most aboul if feasible. strenuously urges the governments and 7. To Collect and interchange hlnis and that the companies owning or controlling medi- pictures portray accurately ums of electrical communication in and life of the people. aboul the Pacific to comply with the 8. To assist in furthering the move- suggestions and recommendations here ment anion- Pacific countries of the in contained of die of ; adoption Roman alphabet and Thai the officers of this Conference a common language. are herein- authorized and instructed to 9. To take such steps as will secure take all a modification of the of the necessary or proper steps to ruling ship- secure action hoard, the herein sought. ping recently made, which for- bids on a boat bound Resolution No. 3—Defining the passengers foreign for a United States and to s( ope of a( tivities of the i'.w- port wishing stop over in Honolulu, from resuming Pacifk Press ( Inference. passage on a boat of the same line. This Be It Resolved, that upon the perma- is the interpretation given the regulation nent organization of the Pan-Pacific that no foreign hoat can carry passen- I 'iv- i inference, among other matters gers between American ports and work's which it ma) properly undertake, the a hardship upon persons coming from following shall he considered to be \\ ith- foreign ports who wish to stop over in in the scope of the activities thereof, Honolulu to attend conferences or for

viz. : other purposes. 1- To art as an agency for inter- Resolution No. 4—Concerning the changing among the newspapers and op . . Limitation Armaments and ;ixine> f the Pacific region accurate Prohlems of the Pacific and mm: information aboul the peoples of the Far E vst. Pacific and their problems. 2. To arrange future conferences of Whereas, the delegates of the daily, representatives of the Pacific press to weekly and monthly pres,s of the coun- the end that the problems incident to tries and regions bordering the Pacific

the work of the press of the Pacific having been convened in this I 'an- Paci- region shall he considered. fic Press Conference for the consider- FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 37 ation of questions pertaining particularly to consider the practicability of furnish- a chain to the Pacific regions : ing of imperial communications wireless around the and remem- ; . Ind Whereas, the President of the by globe that an United States has invited the principal bering important delegation, headed Canada, the allied and associated powers to partici- again by moving this matter, went to Mr. As- pate in a ci inference on the limitation ol spirit ill Premier of Great Britain, and armaments and on the problems of the quith, that view of the case before him. Pacific and the Far East : put and induced him. by solid argument, to Therefore, Be It Resolved, that we, in entertain the view that the day of wire- conference assembled, do warmly com- less was coming; I venture to mend the President of the United States quickly but the an say in view of all this that for for calling what may prove to be unfortunate great war, a chain of wire- epoch making conference and we fur- less, assisted that genius of ther commend him for his wisdom in by great have been in an wireless. Marconi, would proposing that at this conference existence today. 1 understand that that attempt be made to come to a common very thing is now being evolved. understanding with respect to the prin- shall obtain of Zealand and ciples and policies which Since the press New m the Far East. Furthermore, that we Australia depend on London for the instruct the officers of this conference major supply of their news, everything to convey by cable to the President of has been done to make that news re- the United States this resolution. liable and thoroughly representative of that from which it emanates. Anyone Discussion of Resolution No. 2 who has seen the Sydney "Morning Mark Cohen: I would net like this Herald" or the Melbourne "Argus" or lution to include the word •"ineffi- my own country papers of today, will cient" as applied to the service of cable remember the advance that is given to news to Australia or New Zealand, he- world wide events, will say with me that cause in my humble judgment it is con- the service is dependent, reliable and trary to the fact. One has to remember efficient, and far cheaper, having re- the birth and growth of cable communi- card to all circumstances of the case. cations during the past 2? year-. Since 1 recognize and freely accord the Gov- then there have been great develop- ernment of the United States credit for ments and great improvements in cable-. what it has done in the matter of estab- and remembering, as I do, that the Pa- lishing a service with which at all events cific cable is owned by Great Britain, you Americans are thoroughly well satis- and the several countries of Australia fied, but you must have some regard and New Zealand and Canada, forming for the traditions of these countries a federation who have been able out of which has a monopoly of utilities—the of countries that we are to for its profits to put aside large sums looking money in order to secure better service, help and assistance, and we cannot run and remembering further that the < rreat counter to their wishes. If there is a in the Pa- Imperial Conference of 1909- committed clearing house established itself to this declaration of policy that cific, I hope it may be established here. 50 soon as the system of wireless had 1 hope to see the day come when all it sensational items are a- n progressed sufficiently as to make suppressed yi the want news, al reliable and dependable that the govern- would plague. We ments of those countries should be asked lutely reliable news, and nothing else. 38 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

We don't want sensationalism. We don'1 the day before they reached Honolulu, want items about the decision of 200 he was able to send messages for 4J/2d or 300 school children as to whether or 9 cents a word, and that the day after they will wear short frocks and expose he got here he attempted to send a mes- part of their anatomy to the gaze of the sage and was told he could not send it. public. We call that "piffle." but was referred to the cable office where he was You must give us some credit as told he could only send a at 75 cents a pioneers in this work, for having done message word. His what we tried to do. We intend to go message had to be cabled to San Fran- to and from on establishing wireless where we can, cisco, telegraphed Victoria, Canada cabled back to having thought for the enterprise and New Zealand. That did not seem efficient or economi- press of <>ur country, and we ask you cal to the — Americans, especially you here, to Committee in fact, it seemed second our efforts and see when the a prohibitive condition of affairs. time comes that we are with supplied Again, the local Committee, before the news that is re- quickly, thoroughly Congress assembled here, took the mat- wholesome and thor- liable, thoroughly ter up with the Navy wireless station, oughly dependable. (Applause.) which receives wireless news service in

i I if it Mr. Tii rston : wish to say a Honolulu, and asked would not be word of explanation on the point con- practicable to make this the center of a cerning which Air. Cohen has addressed special wireless at uniform rates. It the conference. Far be it from the appealed to him immensely and he said he would take it and Committee to intend, or attempt to ig- up see what could be nore the news service which is going done. He stated it was physically to Australia from the south, by cable. possible to make contact with Japan, This question has been given more con- but that the regulations did not permit sideration by the Committee than any him to send messages to Japan. He stated it other point that came before it. The that was feasible for the radio statements which have been made here, station here to transmit messages, as and which have called forth the criti- far as he knew, to New Zealand and cism from the gentleman were based on Australia, but that was not being done, and information received by the delegates that he would ascertain why not, from New Zealand, Australia, and and he communicated with Washington Hong Kong, in addition to the informa- and later informed us that it could not tion furnished by the chief of the wire- be done. in station Honolulu. The delegate We are in daily communication with here from stated us Hong Kong to that Samoa, and the Fijis. The cable from the news received in they Hong Kong Samoa and Fiji can transmit messages came to them not direct but to by way of Australia and New Zealand, but it London— telegraphed across^ the world cannot be done because of a contract be- to London and then relayed to Hong tween the cable company coming to Kong. That does nol seem to be effi- New Zealand and Australia from the cient or economical and I have therefore south, by which these countries are pro- characterized thai as being a part of the hibited from receiving telegraphic or service is that inefficient and un-eco- wireless except over their cable over nomical. ( hie of the delegates from New a term of years, except from the sea. Zealand stated to the Committee that on That was why the delegate was able to the here from New way Zealand, up to send messages up to the night before FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 39 he landed from the steamer. He was was incredible to him that such a serv- prohibited from sending messages from ice could be obtained and yet was not our local office because of the contract available. It is not our object to con- between New Zealand and Australia demn any service of any country, but to and that cable company. That did not set forth the fact that this cheaper and seem to be efficient or economical, when more efficient service is to be had, and it is within the possibilities of the wire- to make a declaration on our part that less to transmit such message at a cost we favor putting that cheaper service not exceeding 9 cents a word, and the into operation as soon as possible. had to pay 75 cents a word. delegate Mr. McClatchy: May I supple- We recognize that the communica- ment what Mr. Thurston has said by tions which the gentleman spoke of by another concrete example. I was told way of the southern cable, and also by the editor of the "Nippu Jiji" that from Canada, is an immense advance his cabled news or wireless received over the previous conditions when there from Japan here in Honolulu cost him was no cable. We recognize that the 26Yi cents per word, and that a similar governments and companies in that con- charge would be made from here to nection, which the honorable gentleman Japan. The Navy wireless, as you have has mentioned, looked forward to the been told, is sending news all the way time when wireless was coming, and from San Francisco to Cavite, for 6 now we feel that the time has arrived cents, and is prepared to send from when there are physical means by which San Francisco to Japan for 6 cents a that communication can be cheapened word, with the cooperation of Japan, and made far more efficient, so that and between San Francisco and Hono- countries across the waters from the lulu and Honolulu and Manila, the rate United States and each other can get is less. It is obvious that the journal- into communication, and it should be ists of Japan are losing not only money recognized by this Conference, and they but a great advantage in the opportunity should exercise their influence, so far as for an extended news service which practicable, to get wireless put into op- would be of value there and here. eration as as promptly possible. Col. Lawson : I think I can explain As to the cost, I was told by Mr. in a few words the position of the McClatchy, Director of the Associated British Empire in regard to this system, Press, that the present service being con- and I think I can make the apparent ducted by the Navy wireless will cost difficulties quite clear, if I should be al- only 6 cents a word from San Francisco lowed to do so. The object of the to the Philippines, and practically the British Empire scheme of establishing same to Japan. The present service to and improving the system of communi- Japan is sent by wireless to Guam, taken cations is this—they are endeavoring to 20 mlies across the Island and then put their communications on a sound cabled to Japan ; three charges for the commercial basis, and at every station —in one message addition to the delay. they are endeavoring to establish, it is There is no reason, except artificial ob- intended to be a commercial one, stacles which have been interposed, why whether operated by private companies the message could not go direct from or endeavor. It is meant to be com- San Francisco to Japan in the twinkling mercial and permanent, therefore I of an eye, at the rate of 6 cents a word. don't think it is quite fair to compare The Chairman told me only yesterday it it with the facilities which the U. S. 40 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

\av\ Department can put at the dis- tin.- cable companies of New Zealand and posal of the public for communications Australia and sec that the difficulties in the Pacific. While not wishing to Mr. Thurston speaks of do not exist. depreciate in any way the value of that I think that this is the position as re- service, 1 should like to point —out that gards the British Empire. It is not be- it is only a temporar) expedient unless cause the} arc not doing their best to the sanction is renewed, it will be void improve the system of communications,

11 1 \ and be void not wifeless all on 1 22nd next, might only by cable but by by at any moment for strategic or other means in their power, hut because they reasons. Therefore I do not think it .are endeavoring to get a permanent quite fair to blame any part of the solution of the problem, and that will British Empire for failing to fall in take a very long time. is a with what only temporary expedi- As soon as the wireless chain is estab- ent. lished, there will he a high-powered sta- Dr. Pierson was over in London this tion in Australia, and that will he the summer, endeavoring to arrange these time lor entering into these arrange- questions of communication in conjunc- ments in the Pacific, which will make tion with our government. I have no arrangements to perfect things all doubl but that if this service which is through. I think that explains why our now operating was operated on a perma- plans as they now stand do not fall in nent commercial basis, it would be pos- which the temporary wireless arrange- sible to make some arrangement with ment in operation now. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 41

A Resolution of Thanks to the News Agencies Passed by the Pan-Pacific Press Conference

After resuming the chair at the con- The Associated Press, which aug- clusion of the afternoon session, Mr. mented its daily reports to 1 lawaii with a word Alexander I tume Ford stated that the newspapers special 1,000 last business of the Pan- 1'acihc Press report. The Tribune Conference session, which would like- Chicago Syndicate Service, which established for wise formally conclude the official pro- especially the period of the sessions of the Press gram of the Press Congress of the Congress of the World, a 3,000 word World, should be, he felt, an expression daily news report, which it collected of hearty appreciation to the various in its Chicago office from foreign news news agencies which had contributed dispatches gathered in all parts of the so to the success of the con- signally world. ference, both by their comprehensive The United Press, which sent a fifty news reports of world events brought word dispatch daily. to 1 lawaii during the session, and by The United States Nayy Radio which the notable wide service over the world made special arrangements to handle given to the Conference through these incoming and outgoing news as well as

and their I agencies correspondents. [e placing the daily news report at the proposed a vote of thanks to the disposal of the delegates at the Press agencies individually and collectively Congress headquarters. for their sympathetic attitude in pro- In addition to the foregoing, repre- moting a better understanding through sentative correspondents of other news- the communication of news and also papers and news agencies were com- for the, technical excellence with which mended for their interest in sending the United States Radio News Service out complete reports of the sessions. had carried the dispatches. The four The chairman's proposal was carried agencies specified are : unanimously by a viva voce vote. 42 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Election of the Executive Committee of the Pan-Pacific Press Conference

Mr. Zumoto: That concludes the Mr. Zumoto: It is very obvious to lutions which have been under prep- everybody that a vote need not be taken, aration. hut to make everything regular, I will now put it to the vote. Those in favor We have now the appointment of of this nomination please say "Aye." officers for this body, first, 1 'resident. Nobody is opposed to it. so Mr. Thurs- Secretary and one member—these three ton is elected President of sets of nominations are now before the unanimously this new Pan-Pacific Press Conference meeting. I first call for the nomination body. for President. Will somebody make a nomination ? Mr. Thurston: I thank you. Ladies- and for the honor. I will Mr. McClatchy: Mr. Chairman. gentlemen, trj to do my best to answer the call of duty Ladies and Gentlemen: Assuming that and carry out the objects of this Con- the invitation of Chairman Zumoto for ference to the best of my ability. me to act as Honorary Secretary does Mr. Zumoto: The next office to be not disenfranchise me. I would like to filled is that of Will some- offer a nomination for the responsihle Secretary. a name? position i<\ President. If this Confer- body propose ence is going to accomplish anything, Mr. Innes: Mr. Chairman, Ladies there musl be at the head of it a man of and Centlemen : I have very much executive force and ability, and we who pleasure in moving that Dr. Bunker he have from come here various parts of appointed Executive Secretary of the the and have traveled around for globe, Pan- Pacific Congress. All of us have five or six and have been in con- days, come into close personal contact with ference for five or six more, days will, Dr. Bunker since we have been here. I think, that we could not select a agree We have found him courteous to a de- man better fitted for that position than gree, hut that courtesy has never de- Mr. I.. A. Thurston. | Applause generated into softness where his execu-

I see from the sentiments I expressed tive ability was called upon. The dig- need say further, and will leave nothing nity of this organization will be very the nomination with the simple mention great indeed. It has already at the of his name. I ( Applause. head of it a most capable President. I

1 1. i Mr. R. \i kx : I would like to think that if he is aided by such a iid the nomination of M r. Thursfc mi Secretary as Dr. Bunker there can be and say that those of us who have been no doubt whatever that this assembly of associated with him in entertaining the Sons of the Morning will spread its delegates know the degree of enthusiasm lighl throughout the whole Pacific and In- will carry into the office of President to the lands beyond the sea. I have very of the Pan-Pacific Press Conference, much pleasure in moving that Dr. it and is with great pleasure that 1 Bunker be appointed Executive Secre- second the nomination. tary. (Applause.) FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 43

Mr. .Zumoto: There seems to be no Soga, Editor of the Nippu Jiji, of this is of us necessity to take a vote on this nomi- city. Mr. Soga known to most nation of Dr. Frank F. Bunker as Sec- here. He is a distinguished journalist and citizen of Honolulu, and in retary. Those in favor, say "Aye." Dr. every he is well for the Bunker is unanimously elected Secretary. way qualified position of member. Further, I think his ap- (Applause.) pointment would give an international Another nomination must be made to Pan-Pacific touch to the constitution of fill the list of executive officers and this committee, which I think is to be members of the executive Will body. desired. (Applause.) make a nomination ? somebody Mr. Zumoto: As a fellow country- Mr. Petrie: Mr. Chairman, Ladies man of Mr. Soga, it is with great pleas- I Will and Gentlemen : For the post of mem- ure have heard this nomination. ber of this very important committee, I somebody second it? Those in favor have great pleasure in proposing Mr. say "Aye." (Carried.) 44 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Pan-Pacific Cable News Service

By T. PetriE, Editor, South China Morning Post, Hongkong

"Tell them we wain a broader, bigger border the Pacific, the peoples of which brighter and better cable news service." comprise one-third of the population of

That was the last injunction I received the globe. They tell us little or nothing "ii leaving Hongkong to attend this con- about our immediate neighbors, and it e. follows that such news as we get, pre- Hitherto the position has not been sat- sented as it is in different ways in dif-

ctory. I [ongkong is tied to Reuter, ferent countries, is not conducive to Manila to the Associated Press, Tokyo good understanding. Errors creep in, to ECokusia. No agency treads on the even falsehoods, and friction results. Lind of another, and costs are far too This is perhaps the chief disadvantage of high for the development of individual the present system, or lack of system. enterprise. Shanghai, on the other hand, Some months ago I received a letter is a dumping ground for many services, from Mr. Ford, director of the Pan-Pa- ter is the chief ingredient of a con- cific Union, in which he suggested Ho-

1 nia^s of intelligence landed there, nolulu as a center for the collection and bul the lump is leavened by smatterings of mination of news to ami from the American and French wireless, and sup- Pacific. Herein lies an opportunity for plemented by liberal doses of Russian the Pan-Pacific Press Conference to step and German information of doubtful or- in and to perform a real service not only of igin and authenticity. It is not an ideal to pressdom but to the reading public dish, but, in such a mixed community. Pacific lands. Benjamin Franklin des- n ibably meets with more acceptani e cribed the press as "the mistress of intelli- than any single agency service could pos gence." It behooves us to guard that sibJ mand. title. To be worthy of the dignity it im- What we should aim at is the ideal plies, it is imperative that the press of the dish. Pacific should move with the times. The Reuter, as a British agency, features war has altered many things. It has British news and views. The Associated broadened the outlook of millions. No aters for American readers, while longer are we satisfied with news from Kokusai, which I believe is a camouflaged the homeland alone, the news which in Reuter is to offshoot, intended solely for days gone by came like water thirst}' imption. Xo! one of th souls. We want to be fully informed of

• big agencies deals, except in the current events in other lands, and chiefly Lshion, with the news which want to know and become acquainted ask, the news of the coun- with our neighbors. We want to get to- tries bordering the Pacific. They tell us gether and to understand each other. of happenings, mainly political, in Lon- Then we must give a thought to the don, Paris, Washington, but seldom do wants of the native elements who sur- as what is the) enlightenment to 1 lis. The foreign press is an mi- transpiring in those- vasl territories which nt factor in bringing enlightenment FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 45 to many millions of races who are just us of the organization and the willingness beginning to interest themselves in the to work. This great Pacific ('able a doings of the western world. The num- News Service will need a staff and bers of native readers of the foreign number of correspondents. The cost will but a there will soon press in China, Japan, Malaya and else- be heavy, as setoff where on the Pacific are increasing by be heavy, but as a set-off there should a for Pacific news leaps and bounds, and no progressive soon arise demand 'newspaper can afford to ignore their from our organization, which news will wants. be supplied by and credited to its re- contributors. It should be possible for us to organize spective Telegraphic will be the main item of cost, a liberal and inexpensive yet thoroughly charges but it will be the of our reliable and acceptable general news ser- duty organization for reduc- vice for the Pacific. to continually presn tion. ceaseless agitation we can. A broader service—a service of world- By I am sure, obtain both cheap and bet- wide scope and outlook, a service which ter telegraphic facilities than we have as far as possible will reveal both sides of hitherto had. With wireless and the the picture at the same time. submarine cable competing for our busi- A bigger service—a service which will ness—they are bound to do this in time not be restricted the terms of a con- by —such a news service as I have outlined tract yielding so many words for so many can be organized and operated with bene- dollars, a service as as the always big fit to all concerned. Better served, the event recorded warrants. press can do much to tone down and even A service—a service which brighter dispel the many misunderstandings and will deal much more with the liberally jealousies which afflict the cosmopolitan side of international affairs and happy communities bordering the Pacific. Some much less liberally with the petty woes members of the Conference may consider and worries which torment humanity. a Pacific cable news service such as I A better service—a service of real have outlined in advance of the times. live news and news only, a service which but those members who have resided in will not attempt* in any way to influence the East for a number of years cannot the minds of the writers who may have fail to appreciate and approve the mo- to handle it. tive which has inspired the idea. A big Surely between us we can provide a change in the collection and distribution service on these lines. A central organi- of cable news must come sooner or zation will be needed to collect and dis- later, and it will be well to prepare, for tribute the news. I can think of no bet- much water will flow under the bridge ter center than Honolulu, the hub of the before such a get-together opportunity Pacific. Here we alreadv have the nucle- as this gathering offers occurs again. 46 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Trans-Pacific News Communication

V. S. McClatchy Director Associated Press

The most important subject which The work of the Press Congress of can be offered for consideration of the the World, and of the Pan-Pacific

I 'ress Congress of the World at this Union, so far as this question is con- time is reliable international news com- cerned, may now be confined to insur- inunication. Only through such coming continuance of the facilities al- munication can we dissipate ignorance, ready established, and to inducing co- and prevent the misunderstandings operation of other countries on the Pa- which create suspicion and distrust, and cific, so as to extend and broaden those serve as forerunners and causes of war. facilities and secure the greatest possi- bIe benefit therefrom. This subject is of more immediate general importance than disarmament even. The most effective plan for expedit- for dis- since no nation is justified in laying ing freight transportation long aside the weapons of defense upon tances is to provide a canal on which for which the nation's life may depend, any one may operate carrier boats until assured by knowledge of senti- a nominal fee. The most effective plan ment and conditions in other countries for securing reliable international news that weapons are no longer needed. communication is to provide facilities

• for accurate and transmission of •ri r> -n -c tt i 1 -j. rapidr I he ran-Pacinc Union has shown its . . ,

• r ,. r ^1 news reports,l at a nominal word rate, of . appreciation the importance of this , . , ..... f . ., , , facilities for use , c and throw those open1 matter by confining its tentative agenda . . . . . , . ,. f ., ~ ., °, . by reputable news associations and mdi- tor tlie to the present Congress subiect .. , , ,< ,. . . to c n ,, .,_ vidual newspapers, the news reports ol Communication in its various . , , r , . i , be free from , rp, , independent,1 bgovernment 1 he - . . . . phases. papers prepared, and thus A , • , , ,1 , . control or unassisted lai „ , censorship, byJ printed, however, treat the subiect ... . \l . , , oc. n „ , , , n- subsidy,x ' and to be self-supporting. as a • and offer . . problem unsolved, sug- . , , ?. Those are reclsel the conditions gestions for solutions. P y which now exist for trans-Pacific news As a matter of fact, the solution of communication in certain districts, and the problem of trans-Pacific news com- which may be, and should be extended munication was presented by me over to all countries bordering on this ocean. two years ago, and was adopted by With the example of a system of the Congress over a year ago, and the plan kind successfully operating on the Pa- has been in successful operation since, cific, it will be a question of time only Today, the people of China, and Japan, when the balance of the world will in- and the Philippines, and Hawaii, and sist on enjoying similar advantages. the United States, are finding their A brief statement of communication vision broadened and their misunder- conditions on the Pacific, with the de- standings disappearing, through the in tail of the plan and its operation, will fluence of an extended, uncensored daily be found in an article written by me news report. for "Editor and Publisher" of New FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 47

York, the issue of March 12, 1921. The on the theory that if the plan did not investigation made by Congress in the work successfully, such power should matter, is covered in transcript of hear- not continue, while if the method of ings held in September and October, communication proved successful, Con- 1919, before the radio sub-committees gress would undoubtedly extend the of the Senate Naval Affairs Committee, authorization. and the House Committee on Merchant Newg reportg haye been transmitted Marine and Fisheries. across the padfk under that plan since For present purposes, it will suffice January, 1920. At first, there were to say, that Congress passed in June many difficulties, and shortcomings, but 1920 a resolution, authorizing the Navy they have been gradually overcome. In- Department to use its radio facilities stallation of high power machines and for two years for news communication improved sending and receiving appara- conditions that the trebled the and now under certain ; Navy tus, have speed, Department made a rate per word for enable San Francisco to receive direct news transmission across the Pacific, from Cavite without relay. Three inde- San Francisco to Cavite (near Manila) pendent daily reports now go westward of six cents per word, the lowest rate from San Francisco—that of the Asso- for long distance transmission of inde- dated Press, 1100 words; the United in the world that and a pendent news reports ; Press, about 500 words, special the Navy radio in this matter, acts report for the Japan Advertiser of as a common and while of practically carrier, Tokyo ; special correspondents that news reports thus transmitted, are some American newspapers use the new not subject to government control or radio to a limited extent for sending censorship. news from the Far East. The Asso- ciated Press re ort is used at Honolulu This authorization was granted in the P h and Japanese newspapers, face of pronounced opposition from Y English and at Manila bX English and vernacu- radio corporations, and notwithstanding Iar newspapers. At Guam, it is carried a well-defined objection in Congress to across the island by motor car and re " extending Navy jurisdiction over public la ed b cable to Tok whence lt 1S utilities. This opposition lost its force y X y°> distributed "Kokusai," in face of the undisputed statement of through Japan by the news At Cavite facts and the very grave national and Japanese agency. the A - R re ort 1S broadcasted international interests now dependent on P by Navy and in and news communication across the Pacific, wireless, picked up Shanghai and used the English and It was conceded that congested lines Peking, by vernacular newspapers of China. It is and prohibitive rates made imprac- available in Vladivostok and ticable the use of private cable and similarly elsewhere if there be receiving stations radio lines for the purpose, and that the or sni s to record it. plan proposed was the only feasible one P that promised success. The resolution The Navy Department recently an- was passed partly because of my assur- nounced that it is prepared to carry for ance, that with proper facilities, and a the news associations daily east-bound six-cent rate, news associations and in- reports, covering news of the Far East dividual newspapers would themselves if delivered to it at Manila for trans- insure the sending of independent and mission to San Francisco. Regular re- reliable news reports. The authoriza- ports of this character have not yet will be tion was granted for two years only, been inaugurated, but doubtless 48 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

for news mmenced when arrangements for use of Navy radio facilities in and gathering news from the continent of purposes, expiring July, 1922, are \da can be completed. interested parties apparently seeking to prevent congressional action in the The French Government has already matter. entered into an arrangement under no action be taken Con- which it will use its large wireless st; Should by the must cease in ii at Shanghai, cooperating with our gress, present reports and we will revert at once Navy Department, in maintaining wire- eight months, less communication between the tv to prior conditions, which made it im- news ex- continents. The Navy Department is practical for any adequate Asia and America. endeavoring to secure under this ar- change between and cable rangement, a special news rate. The Wireless companies regard American Federal Wireless Company news as objectionable business, requir- is now constructing for China a num ing a low rate, and interfering with business: her i't high power stations, which, when profitable commercial news completed, can he used in conjunction rates on the Pacific, by either cable or with our Navy system for international wireless, are prohibitive, and do not in-' news communication; and Japan has al- sure prompt delivery, three times the for ready officially indicated her willingness commercial rate being asked expe to cooperate in exchange of news re- dited service; and wireless companies ports hy wireless with the United States. have shown a disposition to duplicate cable rates instead of offering much This brief statement of the facts gives lower rates. an indication of the development already made in the use of wireless for news It would seem the proper plan there- mmunication on the Pacific and the fore, for the Press Congress of the World, and the Pan-Pacific Union, is to inner in which the system can he ex- concentrate all their energies now on tended. It i.s only necessary for Aus- the maintenance of the tralia, New Zealand and other coun- securing present system of communication by the tri( adopt the policy inaugurated i>\ United States, and the adoption of a the United States, and now working similar policy in cooperation all other successfully to establish, as it were, wire- by countries on the Pacific. We do not canals for the carriage of inde- undertake construction of canal boats pendent new report boats, and make a until we have and ensured con- connection with the canals estab- planned , already struction of our main canal, and en- lished, and there can be then, perfect couraged planning of subsidiary feeding interchange across the Pacific, among all canals. Time and should not be peoples, of uncensored and reliable energy wasted, therefore, in the kind news reports. devising of trans-Pacific news reports to estab- The foundation of this ideal system lish, or the agencies that shall control rests, it will be s CrUi upon maintenance them, when the system of common car- oi "pen way- for uncensored news re- rier to transmit those reports has not ports at a low word rate, and accessi- been permanently established. Insure thereto bilit) for all responsible news the carrier system, with facilities open associatii ins, i ir new -papers. to all, and the other problems will dis- That foundation is threatened at this appear as rapidly as they did in the time in the fact that Congress has thus matter of supplying reports to Honolulu, far failed to renew the authorization for Manila and Tokyo, as narrated herein. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 49

Interchange of News in the Pacific

By Riley H. Allen Editor Honolulu Star-Bulletin.

There can be no difference of opinion greater variety of news, and especially among newspapermen of the countries for Oriental and American news, to be in the Pacific, or bordering the Pacific, made available for Australia and New as to the high desirability of that mil- Zealand. Hawaii's geographical posi- lennium of "better understanding" about tion is such, and the development of which we have heard with significant the island press has been such, as to frequency from the day the Press Con- bring home to us daily the desirability increased news service gress of the World opened. of a vastly We need not debate the question throughout Pacific lands. We know whether freer interchange of news and also that the majority of newspapers in in Asia are views about really important Pacific the Pacific islands and better unable to assume a questions will help to promote financially greater understanding—the truth of it is self- burden of news expense than they now evident. carry, and many are finding their costs We need not assure our Anglo-Saxon, in traffic tariffs and the salaries of cor- load than is com- Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean fel- respondents a greater low-newspapermen that if the channels fortable. of communication about and across the Nor need I emphasize that the news- Pacific were broader and smoother, we papermen of Hawaii believe that this who live about the Pacific would be less freer interchange of national news would and effect in addi- apt to suspect each other's motives have a beneficial political criticise each other's actions. The truth tion to its obvious benefit to the news- of that is self-evident, too. paper by the greater diversity and bal- Our first problem is right here among ance of matter which it could offer its those of us who are fortunate enough readers. Our visitors, I am sure, will to be at the Press Congress of the not have failed to see that in Hawaii World, and this Pan-Pacifis conference, we Americans believe in frank exchange It is to translate all the energy and fer- of views on important and sometimes the vor and gallant spirit expressed in delicate subject's with our fellow-resi- many addresses and papers into certain dents of other races. On a vastly larger concrete terms which shall formulate at scale, that same principle would be car- least one or two courses of action to be ried out in the great news-exchange undertaken immediately after this con- which we should like to see developed ference has concluded. for the Pacific. I need hardly emphasize to our visit- Taking it for granted that we have ors that we newspapermen in Hawaii fairly similar ideas on the principles and agree with what has been said of the purposes just mentioned, how can we need for lower rates the need for them into action ? press ; put a broader service between the United My two suggestions, and they are put the need for a forth with entire of the difFi- States and the Orient ; knowledge 50 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

interests and t sense of their till \ of carrying them out, are, first, an common international press ran-; and secondly, c< immon destinj . the use of government wireless stations No private business could set up such in which the to i an t< carry the new s. arrangement, charge is based not at all on the cost In connection with the latter, let me, patron of and survive. But a for Hawaii, heartily second what Mr. operation, government which billions to build McClatch) of Sacramento said to the spends which newer fire a shot, Press Congress of the World a few days battleships may or drill armies that newer be called ago thai the aerreemenl by which the may into the held, can subsidize the lines of government radio is made available for communications on the Pacific be ex- communication, either government- or and make such a uni- tended, after its first two-year period privately-owned, form rate ends next July. The renewal of this possible. agreement is so imperative to the It may be argued that while a single welfare of the American newspapers government might perfect such an ar- of the Pacific that I cannot emphasize rangement, the technical difficulties in- it too strongly. It means so much volved in immense distances and var- to the future of the Pacific for press ious kinds of communication facilities service to be comprehensive, unham- would make an international plan im- pered and efficient that an abrogation possible. 1 do not think so. I think of the present system would be dis- that if we accept the idea of an inter- asl rous. national press rate as sound, we and other countries would have no more 1. The International Press Rate: difficulties working out the details than Various suggestions have been made we had with our international postal in recent years, and especially since the conventions.—and the United States, for conclusion of the World-War, for na- instance, has successfully operated un- tional press rates. ( )ne such suggestion der international postal conventions which received considerable attention since 1869. has, 1 believe, been considered by the This is a day when international — one- British government that a uniform standardization is being used to pro- cenl rate established mat- be for press mote business—why not use it to pro- ter between any two points in the Brit- mote communications and peace? We ish dominions. I have read also that are getting to a universal system of the French government has considered weights and measures; we have inter- a similar plan. national telegraphic unions already. It is that an adviser to the Now obviously this plan is not based noteworthy French Monsieur primarily on the expense of such a treasury department. I. has in traffic service. It takes no account of Bourquin, just proposed La Revue Mondiale an international distances to be covered, relays to be money to at the world in made or other physical features. The pass par throughout all international transactions. plan is based primarily on a realization nt the value of an empire-wide press \ uniform press rate would im- service, a service which shall permit mensely stimulate and simplify press and encourage the transmission of a traffic around the world. I think per- great volume of new- at a low cost. It haps its greatest value would be to is b;is C ,l on a recognition of the need bring world-news to remote communi- for giving to far-separated peoples a ties. Its value in getting the larger FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 51 communities of North and South Amer- legitimate motive of promoting world- ica. Europe, Asia, Australasia, and interests. Africa into contact with each other Wireless is still in its infancy, and would be scarcely less. yet today Hawaii can talk with Paris. If could a 1 do not mean to surest government necessary, we tonight put control of the news in any form, except message into that barred capital of is under the the physical features of the traffic. My Soviet Russia which as thought is that the support and activi- shadows of mystery almost as deep ties of the governments concerned those which once shrouded the For- would he confined to providing the bidden City. During the war our navy facilities for transmission, and paying operators here heard French operators the hills— for assuredly, at the outset, on a lofty tower in Bordeaux, and ( ier- there would he some deficits. man operators signalling from the Perhaps the single arbitrary control masts at Nauen. should exercise which the governments Establishment of pr< wireless would he on the point of volume of around the world, with the governments course news matter to he carried. Of providing traffic facilities, means three to turn their they could not he expected principal prior things: facilities over without limit. Within First, agreement by the governments the limits, however, it should not he a that they will do it. Secondly, the erec- matter of dictation what government tion of wireless stations at many points sort of matter was transmitted, except and the enlargement and strengthening as are constitutional already imposed by of other stations. Thirdly, the develop- law. ment of news exchange agreements and 2. Use of Government Wireless Stations contracts between existing news agencies, and an international news What 1 have just said on a uniform probably the to supervise the great system. press rate must he considered with agency And the service should be second suggestion of greatly developing government that the individual corre- the use of government wireless. so developed would be able to file his dis- Hawaii has made and is making per- spondent without danger of being choked haps greater use of wireless in peace- patches off or crowded out the time than any other community in the by big agencies. a seem were world. It was in these islands that Such plan might Utopian not for our in Hawaii with wireless was first made commercially it experience the use of the United States navy radio practicable. For a good many years svstem. act of congress, the facili- the daily papers of Honolulu have re- By ties of the wireless have been ceived almost, and are now receiving navy made available to American newspapers all. of their news report by wireless. and news agencies, and the compara- < )ur very successful use of wireless, and tively short time this has been in opera- and especially the fine cooperation tion has a boon to the local efficient traffic arrangements which the proved dailies. Honolulu papers are receiving from the and United States naval radio system makes We have found the navy officers with the of me believe it entirely practicable for staff charged duty handling alive to its governments to place their wireless sys- this traffic keenly impor- tems in the service of the press—and tance, deeply interested in perfecting; not. of course, from a commercial mo- the technical side, and with their imagi- stirred the for tive, but from the patriotic and quite as nations by possibilities 52 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. development of this mysterious force legitimate business of commercial cable international which can fling the words of men in- and wireless systems. As stantly to immense distances, to be read business grows, these are finding their by millions of people we shall never see facilities taxed in the straight com- but whose interests more and more are mercial traffic. Some of them frankly becoming identical with ours. do not want to handle press service. The local staff and equipment of the Nor do I propose any system to tear na\ \ radio can handle with ease 27,000 down the large news-gathering and words a day. You have perhaps noticed distribution agencies whose development that during the sessions of the Congress is really among the wonders of the we have been printing an augmented world. Today we have a close and telegraphic service. In addition to the cordial cooperation between the Asso- regular daily news report of the Asso- ciated Press and the United States navy ciated Press, we are getting more than radio in bringing world-news to Ha- a thousand words extra a day from the waii, and I have no doubt that same Associated Press and the Chicago cordial spirit could be maintained with Tribune, recognizing the importance of international systems, this congress, has enterprisingly given a In peace-time—and this whole con- three thousand word daily report espec- gress is an illustration of the hope that ially compiled by its syndicate service, peace may continue—in peace-time the All of this has been handled efficiently government wireless can easily handle by the navy radio here—more, it was an immense press traffic. The United handled without serious delay or inter- States navy plant and staff here can ruption even when we were getting handle a much larger volume of traffic play-by-play bulletins, every few min- than it is now called upon to handle, utes, on the world-series baseball at New With the increase in number of wireless York last week. stations, and the steadily improving It seems to me that governments may service which the fertile invention and well expend some of the great sums they the enthusiastic industry of wireless ex- will save by limitation of armaments in perts are developing, it will become developing wireless press service. It more and more easy to flash tens of would not take many of the millions of thousands of words a day around the dollars which go into dreadnoughts, to world. That opens to the newspaperman build stations and establish operating such a vista of possibilities that it seems staffs sufficient to cover the globe. indeed like a dream. But a great part Such a plan as is herewith suggested of that dream has already come true in would not necessarily conflict with the this part of the Pacific. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 53

Field of Service for the Pan-Pacific Press Congress

Lorrin A. Thurston Proprietor Honolulu Advertiser

"'Oo's the bloke?" nations of kindred blood or principles, " 'Ee's a stranger." can be extended to nations not of the " 'Eave a 'arf a brick at 'im !' same race origin, or who have been

(From a suppositious conversation be- nurtured to revere different ideals ! tween two English laborers concerning It is an axiom that "like produces a passerby.) like." The foregoing is illustrative of a That acquaintance begets friendliness. trait in human nature—an innate feel- "Pan-Pacificism" as evidenced in and ing that every stranger is an enemy. through the "Pan-Pacific Union" is the It is doubtless an inheritance from visible manifestation of a spirit—a sen- the of the "cave when man timent and that —that sentiment days era," ; spirit friendliness was a "beast of prey," taking what he is, that friendliness begets could and holding what he took—when —friendliness evolves cooperation, and he was strong enough to do so. cooperation results in progress. is survival from the of un- It a days The great distances between the curbed individualism, when "might shores of the Pacific, and, until re- was —when man's hand right" every cently, the scarcity of speedy steamers other man. was against every and the complete absence of cables and In these twentieth man- century days, wireless, prevented communication be- kind has progressed to the extent, at tween the countries bordering thereon; all men are not neces- least, that other knowledge of what was transpiring enemies that some even be. sarily ; may across the ocean and intimate acquaint- prima facie, friends—those, for exam- ance between citizens of the Occident more ple, of the same family, clan, and, and the Orient, almost as completely of the same nation— latterly, although as though the respective countries had but of that it is historically yesterday been located in separate worlds. Scot and Briton looked askance at the No better evidence is required of the one another, and even the "hielander" recent remoteness of Hawaii from the and the "lowlander" of Scot- "bonny other Pacific countries-, and they from each of land" were the legitimate prey each other, than the fact that the news the other and the warm sentiment ; of the election of President McKinley with on a which, general principles, came to Honolulu by a steamer sailing still the south-of-Irelander regards from Yokohama, Japan, and the news English needs no elaborate proof. that President Cleveland intended to The millenium is not in sight. It is restore the Hawaiian monarchy reached not even within distance over hearing Hawaii by a steamer sailing from Vic- the nor within dis- horizon, signaling toria, Canada, and the news of the rec- tance wireless !• by ognition of the provisional government Is Manifestation of Spirit of Hawaii by the United States reached It is, however, conceivable that the Hawaii by a steamer sailing from Auck- friendliness which has in course of time land, New Zealand. expanded from family to clan, from During the past two decades com- clan to nation, and, to some extent, to munication, both steam and electric, 54 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. — across the Pacific has rapidly devel- for Ford nothing except the "joy oi oped; but, until a chance visitor—one service" and the exhilaration incident

Alexander I Innie Ford—breezed into to accomplishment. Honolulu, well within that period, but This brilliant beginning of a move- little advance had been made in the ment which has finally evolved into the was due to bringing together of the peoples of the Tan-Pacific Union, Ford's Pacific. intense enthusiasm, patent sincerity and

Tribute Paid Ford unflagging energy ; but even these qualities, combined as they were, with his Whether Ford evolved the spirit of magnetic and almost uncanny faculty "Pan-Pacificism"- —the spirit of friend- of setting other people to work, would lines- of co-operation—of progress, not have succeeded in galvanizing the out of his own inner consciousness, or traditional lethargy of the East into whether he crvstalized it out of the action, if it had not been that the time balmy breezes and friendly atmosphere was ripe for just such a movement. • if Hawaii, has not been revealed; but as a matter of historical fact, the gen- Spirit Takes Hold tleman was soon in full a cry Upon That the time was ripe, is evidenced scent which led to a shrine dedicated by the rapidity with which the spirit to friendliness entitled "The Hands of "Pan-Pacificism" has taken hold and Club." Around the Pacific "friendly cooperation" become the months in Ho- After spending some slogan of all the Pacific countries which of nolulu proclaiming the virtues this have come within the sphere of the to a somewhat organization skeptical spirit. community, remindful of the voice of There seems to have come into the the prophet crying in the wilderness. Pacific world—spontaneously—like unto not bit or Ford, a discouraged abashed, a new creation—the feeling that the old on a around the departed swing grand policies of aloofness—of isolation—of circuit of the Pacific, taking in New "every man for himself and the devil Zealand. Australia, the Philippines, take the hindermost," are obsolete. China and Japan. The feeling that friendliness and co- The only credentials which he carried operation were to lead the- Pacific na- were his own optimistic, almost beatific tions out of the wilderness of suspi- enthusiasm and a letter from the gover- cion and doubt, seems to have been just nor of Hawaii couched in somewhat beneath the surface, awaiting the magic general terms, to the effect that the touch which should crystalize this latent writer thought that Ford was "alright." sentiment into realization and action— In the course of a year or so Ford and this touch was supplied by Ford. returned to Honolulu—not with a string So much for the animating cause and of scalps at his belt, but with a sheaf the avenue through which "Pan-Paci- of endorsements of the "Hands Around ficism" has arrived at its present posi- the Pacific" ideal, by high officials and tion of beneficent activity. public organizations of the several It is easy to formulate generalities countries named, where branches of the and express appreciation of good in- new organization had been established tentions; but "the proof of the pudding by him. A natural inquiry was: is in the eating of it," and one fact is "What is there in this for Ford?" worth a hundred theories.

Honolulu has long ago arrived at the I wish to place on record a concrete conclusion that there is nothing in it instance of accomplishment directly due FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 55 to the Pan-Pacific Union, which would A special term of the Legislature was not have occurred but for the existence already in session and the anti-Lan- bills consideration. of that organization, which appears to guage School under tins of events a "Pan-Pacific me to justify all of the time, effort and At stage expense which has been expended upon Banquet" was held at the International its organization and maintenance. Y. M. C. A. building in Honolulu. this occasion the In October, 1920, a most disturbing Upon particular of the condition of affairs existed in Hawaii, threatening aspect Language in School question rippled the placid surf- with possibilities of developing such ace of the international somewhat manner as to intensify already existing pool more than usual, and out of the discus- race suspicion, leading even to possible there evolved a between international friction. sion was plan certain of the Japanese and some of the Following the war spirit engendered Americans present, by which it was on the mainland against the German hoped that a friendly settlement of the newspapers and schools and the propa- issue might be promoted. ganda carried on through them, the The initiative was taken by the Jap- sentiment had become prevalent in Ha- anese and the ground work of a regu- waii that the local so-called "Language latory legislative act suggested. Schools"-—chiefly Japanese—should be This was presented the next day to abolished or radically controlled. a meeting of the American Chamber of An attempt to accomplish this Commerce which had been especially the local of 1918, through Legislature convened to consider the bills which excited so much on the opposition part had been drafted by its own committee. of those who would be affected thereby, The chamber debated its own bill and that the proposed legislation failed. the proposition submitted by the Jap- and The Language School Matter anese for several hours, adjourned without action. Instead of settling the question this Plan Takes failure to secure action aggravated the Shape situation and the determination avowed Four days later it met again and re- was expressed throughout the Territory ceived in confirmation of the original that Schools should and must Language proffer a written draft of a bill to be abolished. carry the original proposition into ef- The Attorney General and the Cham- fect, accompanied by a letter signed ber of Commerce of Honolulu, the lead- by a committee of 24 Japanese residents business. ing civic organization of the -Territory, of Honolulu, representing the caused drafts of bills for this purpose financial, professional, and religious to be drawn and published. leadership of the community of that There was no sign of abatement of nationality, and the editors of three of opposition to the proposed measures the daily Japanese newspapers pub- and there seemed no prospect for settle- lished in Honolulu, asserting that they ment of the issue except upon a basis were responsible for the proposed act which would leave a permanent feeling and would support its enactment and of resentment in a large part of the execution. result the Cham- community against the ruling element As a of this action, thereof, based upon the beliefs that the ber of Commerce by a vote of 5 to 1 former had been unjustly and unfairly endorsed the measure presented by the dealt with. Japanese in place of that presented by 56 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. its own committee, and recommended appreciative of the fair and friendly its enactment by the Legislature. treatment accorded them by the educa- The bill was forthwith introduced tional authorities of the territory and into the Legislature. the American community has been more than at the A public hearing was given thereon pleased prompt acquiescence and manifest of the by the committee to whom it was re- sincerity language school authorities involved. It is even f erred at which the community was in- that some of the vited to express its views. This was reported teachers, the medium of their studies. freely done for an entire forenoon. through The ultimate result was that the sen- have been converted from imperialism into enthusiastic advocates of a demo- ate passed the bill which had been cratic form of i .tiered by the Japanese, by a unanimous government, vote and the house of representatives Through the medium of the Pan- by a vote of approximately 5 to 1 and Pacific Union's method of discussion the measure was signed by the Gover- across the table and "getting together" nor. in friendly cooperation, a question The law contains many details—pre- which a year ago seriously threatened and bours of sessions the of mind of this scribed the time ; peace community subjected the curriculum to the control with the possibility even of its affecting of the local board of education re- international relations has been arnica- ; quired the schools and teachers to be bly and satisfactorily settled. licensed, the latter to be subject to the While all of the issues now pending ability of the teachers to pass an ex- between Pacific countries cannot be amination in speaking and writing the settled as easily or as promptly as was English language and in knowledge of the language school question in Hawaii, the American Constitution and history the principles involved in the settle- and of the ideals of Democracy. ment of this question are equally applic- able to the and more serious is- The same Japanese committee which larger sues now or which here- had originally proposed the legislation pending may then took up with the territorial board after arise. of education the question of securing The spirit of "Pan-Pacificism"-—that special instruction, at the expense of is, the spirit of settling differences by the language school teachers, in the friendly face to face consultation and subjects upon which they were required mutual cooperation, will not immedi- to pass an examination. ately bring the millenium, but it offers better and more method of The board of education cooperated a hopeful international differences and with great energy and friendliness, such settling war than other method instruction beginning early in this year preventing any 1921. yet proposed. On July 1st last the required examin- "Friendly consultation and mutual ations were taken by approximately 300 cooperation" is a slogan worthy of the Japanese language school teachers, be- earnest and enthusiastic support of this sides those of other nationality and a organization. large majority of them passed and were I trust, hope and believe that the duly licensed. Pan-Pacific Press organization this day The language school teachers affected formed will be an added and potent by this law have expressed themselves, influence in advancing the beneficent practically unanimously, as being highly objects of the Pan-Pacific Union. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 57

Open Diplomacy, the Hope of the Pacific Press

HOLLINGTON K. TONG

Peking editor of the Weekly of the Far East, Director of the North China Star of Tientsin, representative of the Peking and Tientsin newspapers and of the Commercial Tress of Shanghai and the North China Daily Mail of Tientsin.

In three weeks' time a conference of unanimous in voicing their wish for the international significance called by Pres- adoption of open diplomacy as the car- ident Warren G. Harding will be held dinal principle of the Washington con- at Washington, D. C, to consider the ference, and looking forward to that Pacific questions and the advisability of conference openly to lay down righteous the reduction of armaments of the lead- and just lines along which all interna- ing nations. More than one hundred tional affairs that may arise on the Pa- Chinese delegates and experts are now cific should be regulated. on their to the of the way Capital A section of the press in Japan which United States, and Japan is sending is liberal in its opinion on international twice that number of officials to attend relationship is sharing the foregoing the conference. Other participating na- views, knowing that the present Pacific tions are taking a similar great interest situation is far from being satisfactory in the Washington meeting. The im- anc 1 there and that a little intrigue here ^ portance of the forthcoming event in start a worldwide conflict anew. America is self-evident. If this im- may Undoubtedly the press on this side of portant Washington conference is to be the ocean may also urge open proceed- successful, the principle of open diplo- ings at the Washington conference and macy must be religiously observed by ask that the peoples of the interested those who are to participate therein. nations should be taken into confidence The press on the other side of the of negotiators in view of the fact that Pacific Ocean has repeatedly expressed it is they who will have to make good its hope that at the coming Washington whatever promises that their statesmen meeting parlor discussions would not be may make. But as yet it has not taken resorted to, that all of its proceedings a definite stand on the issue. If the would be thrown to the as open public Pan-Pacific Press Conference can rouse far as advisable and that whatever se- the press in America and other coun- cret understandings that might be pre- tries which are sending delegates to the viously entered into would not be recog- Washington meeting to take a renewed nized as having the binding force. It interest in the matter of open diplomacy has uttered a warning against the repe- during the next three weeks, it will ren- tition of the unwise secret diplomacy der a useful service to humanity. which has usually characterized the de- As a from China. cisions of vital questions at international press representative I that the Pan-Pacific Press conferences in the past. Without ex- propose are Conference a resolution ception, all the newspapers in China pass advocating 58 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

statesmen of various nations who arc Not only should the proceedings of to sil at the meeting reflect twice the Washington- conference be guided before they would follow in the foot- by full publicity, but also daily inter- steps of those who have in the past national intercourse should be so regu- endeavored to arrive at secret under- lated. If the nations can be frank in standings. It should be sent broadcast their relationships with their neighbors, to the Pacific press and especially to the chance of war might be much mini- the newspapers in America which can mized. It is the countries which did exert more influence than their contem- not show their cards on the table while poraries in the Far East in this connec- engaged in negotiations which were action, inasmuch as, first of all. the meet- countable for the large proportion of ing place of the conference is to be in the past warfare. History is full of in- their capital, and secondly, they are al- stances to illustrate this point. On the ways looked up to by the Americans as other hand, if the diplomats concerned leaders of public opinion. Copies of are Open-minded and abhor secret diplo- the resolution should be specially sent matic practices, a serious situation may to President I larding'. American officials be averted and substituted by a better and officials of the other nations by the relationship.

I 'an Pacific Press Conference in order Secret diplomacy is often disadvan- to inform them in advance of the col- tageous to the country or countries which lective wish of the Pacific press. Unless resort to it. They cannot continue this i> done, it will be hard for those practising it without being found out. who would like to see in- newspapers ( )nce discovered the}' lose the respect of trigues replaced by open proceedings to civilized mankind. Even if they are realize their hope. truthful once in a while in what thev A statement concisely worded may be say or promise, the nations with which prepaved by the Pan-Pacific Press Con- they have dealings would suspect them ference to support and amplify and ex- and would refrain from placing faith in plain the resolution mentioned. A re- them. This is bad enough for them, quest for the publication of the state but the worst has yet to come. Be- incut as well as of the resolution should cause of their secret diplomatic deal- be sent to all the newspapers in Amer- ings, they usually keep back the news ica, Canada, Japan, China and other concerned as long as possible. The countries in order to enlist the support newspapers which by chance should get ot the press world in general. If suf- a tip therein often magnify the serious- ficient public pressure can be brought ness of the situation and call im- to bear upon those statesmen who have upon agination for assistance in made secret diplomacy a profession and writing up the when fail to from considered it as an expediency, the hope story they get the officials the true facts, corrections ot the Pacific press may yet be realized, the Washington conference may go are usually belated, and the reading down in history as the first internation- public as a rule places more confidence al conference none of the decisions of in the first story than in the subse- which has been secretly reached before quent corrections. An ambitious goS hand, and the out -landing questions be- eminent may be aersrressive in nine out tween the Pacific nations may be solved ten cases, but when it has ren- to the satisfaction of their peoples, really which ultimately will lead to a better dered some disinterested service to man- international understanding. kind in the tenth case, no one will be- FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 59 lieve its altruism. Its credit has been conference to endeavor to make open lost, and none would have confidence diplomacy an accepted creed of in- therein. Injuries, direct or indirect. ternational statecraft and to decide at from the loss of credit by a nation, its first session upon the attainment of must be tremendous. Is it worth while this object as one of its aims. With to reap such a disastrous fruit from the support of President Harding) one the continued practice of secret diplo- of its honorary presidents, who can- macy? The reply of an influential sec- not but be sympathetic with our motive, tion of the press on the Pacific is in the J fully believe that this press confer- negative. ence may he able to accomplish some- Today open diplomacy is more needed thing in that direction. The rulers of than ever before. The future ahead of other countries may be requested to us is rather gloomy indeed. A new in- lend their support to the carrying out ternational clash that shall drown the of the program. I feel certain that world in a lake of blood beside which the President of the Republic of China the late blood-letting in Europe will ap- will be glad to do all he can in this pear but as a small stream is freely worthy matter. predicted and tremblingly feared. Some I sincerely hope that before the ad- have forecasted that the time for the journing of the first session of the Pan- conflict between the East and West is Pacific conference a resolution will be also fast approaching. Small incidents passed advocating the publication of which have happened in the past are all the proceedings of the Washington magnified by the yellow press of the conference as wished by the Pacific world out of all proportion either to press, and that steps would be taken by their cause or to their significance. the officers of the Pan- Pacific Union to Even the thinking peoples in all coun- give to the resolution wide publicity tries become nervous, and are afraid of and to try to put that great principle The the day when another world-war may into effect as earl}- as possible. be waged. At such a time, the use of a Washington conference to be held on little secret diplomacy may cause the November 11th should give us an im- explosion and bring woe to peaceful in- petus to work for this object which I habitants of God's earth. believe must be cherished by all the No organization, in my opinion, is newspapermen who desire peace on more fitted than the Pan-Pacific Press earth and good will towards mankind. 60 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

The Pan-Pacific Union and the Canadian Press

By ( )swald Mayrand Managing Ed it or "La Prcsse" Montreal, Canada.

I Canada has a coast line of 7000 miles islands without jeopardizing the se- in the Pacific Ocean, so that my coun- curity of the American Republic. try is quite naturally interested in all * * * questions concerning the Pan-Pacific The Canadian Press, Limited, which I Dion Tress Conference. The Canadian supplies nearly all the dailies with for- press at large is aware of the fact that eign news as well as local news, is a the eyes of the whole world are actually of which most drawn upon the Pacific's problems and cooperative organization newspapers of the Dominion are mem- all the journalists of my country are bers. She has reliable correspondents anxious to contribute, as much as pos- in all the cities of country and sible to the solution of such problems. great my her connections with the Associated As it has already been said by some Press of the United States secure to speakers at the present Press Congress our a service which, of the World, mutual understanding is people satisfactory however, we to make better. Should to be sought by all nations who want to urge not the which is at live in peace with their neighbors. And cooperative principle the basis of the Canadian to make nations understand each other, very Press, and which makes her service the lowering of the rates of fast com- Limited, effective be embodied in the Pan-Pacific munications by land telegraph, cable Union? Countries common in- and wireless seems especially desirable. having * * * terests in the many problems concerning the territories confined by the Pacific The shortness of unskilled labor, as Ocean should pull together and give it exists in the Hawaiian Territory, is, their full cooperation for the common for instance, a serious question to be welfare. settled the of the United by government ^ ^c ^c States, but the press of the whole Pan- Pacific Union is taking a deep interest There are surely great possibilities of in the solution of such economic prob- commercial intercourse between the Ha- lem which may have a wide bearing on waiian Islands and Canada, separated the international labor. There is actually only by water, and I hope that the pres- so much unemployment all over the ent congress of the fourth estate held in world that it is lamentable to see in these islands shall contribute to stimu- these days of general postwar hardships late such intercourse which should be courageous men as the Hawaiian in- profitable to all interested parties. dustrial leaders short of labormen. Let The Canadian press realizes ihat the us hope that the Government of the Tan-Pacific Union is a peaceful organi- United States is on the verge to bring zation seeking to settle harmoniously all forth a solution which shall secure divergencies of opinion among inter- necessary labor and prosperity to these ested parties and she rallies to your FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 61

colors she is to take a side these words : "Brethren ; willing glorious appear share in your enlightening mission. Dwelling Together in Unity." On the interior, below one of the doors can be

read : "Open for One Hundred Years."

On the 6th of September last, more And below the other door : "May These than one hundred years of peace be- Doors Never be Closed." The structure tween the United States and Canada were bears two flag poles from which fly the commemorated by the dedication of the Stars and Stripes and the Union Jack. Peace Portal, a huge arch of steel and During the dedication ceremonies the cement, on the international boundary flags of Begium and France were hoisted. line near Blaine, Washington. The Is not that Peace Portal an inspiring Peace Portal rests half on American and emblem of what should be the friendly half on Canadian soil. On the south relations between the several nations in Pacific side are inscribed the words : "Children having some territory the of a Common Mother." On the north Ocean ? FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Japanese Press in Hawaii

By Y. Soga,

Editor Xippit Jiji.

The Japanese press in Hawaii plays the same time or shortly afterwards. The an important part in the manifold activ- Yamato Shinbun was first edited by H. ities of Hawaii <\uc to the fact that it Mizuno. represents a large number of Japanese About the time the Yamato Shinbun residents who constitute a majority of and Hawaii Shimpo came into being, the population of these islands. The the mimeograph machines were discard- influence of the Japanese press, whether ed and their places were taken by types in in bad di- the good direction or the imported from Japan. At the same time rection, vitally affects Hawaii's interests, the newspapers changed their editions and its attitude inter- upon depend from weekly to daily, gaining substan- racial harmony and concord in this in- tial increase in circulation. of the United States. tegral part This was the beginning of the Jap- The in Hawaii is not a Japanese press anese press in Hawaii. At the present -mall and in the question, treating' ques- time there are in the whole territory tion, 1 shall be brief, confining myself about twelve dailies and weeklies and to a statement of facts, di- principal several monthly periodicals. The city of vided into past, present and future. Honolulu has four Japanese dailies The first Japanese newspaper made which are the Hawaii Shimpo, Hawaii it- appearance twenty-nine years ago, in Hochi, Hawaii Nippo and the Nippu and one 1892, when Nippon Shuho or Japanese Jiji. Hilo city has two daily Weekly printed it- rirst sheet by a weekly publications, while west 1 lawaii mimeograph machine. This publication has one weekly; Koloa, island of Kauai, after -ending out a number of editions one weekly: and Lihue, Kauai, also one changed its title to Hawaii Shuho or weekly. The island of Maui has two Hawaii Weekly, with B. Onome, super- newspapers, one being semiweekly and intendent of immigration board of Ha- the other a weekly publication. waii, as editor. Besides these newspapers there is the In 1893 another weekly newspaper Jitsugyo-no-Hawaii, known in the Knv;- came into existence, with the title of lish-speaking community as the Com- Hawaii Shinbun. It was edited by Dr. mercial and Industrial Magazine of Ha-

I Uchida who published about 65 edi- waii. This periodical is ten years old. n-. A little later another publication Another periodical is the Japanese-Amer- came into existence. It was called ican Revieiv which will soon come into Jukuseiki or Nineteenth Century. existence with objects to promote better The appearance ><\~ the Jukuseiki was understanding between races in these followed by the establishment of the islands. Hawaii Shimpo in 1894, and Yamato The Japanese newspapers in Hawaii. Shinbun, the forerunner of the Nippu like all newspapers, are striving for su- dissemi- Jiji, in 1895. Shin Nippon or New Ja- premacy. In the gathering and pan, another publication appeared about nation of local news, in the printing of FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 63

world news, they arc engaged in keen In order that there may he a better competition. The development of the understanding between Americans and in Japanese press Honolulu has been so Japanese in I lawaii, one of the Jap- rapid in recent years that some of the anese newspapers in Honolulu, The Nip- largest Japanese newspapers published pu Jiji, publishes its editorials and news outside of the Empire of Japan arc articles in Japanese as well as in Eng- not on continental found the United lish, giving the English-speaking com- States or in Korea or any other country munity a comprehensive view of what where Japanese reside, but right here takes place in the Japanese community in 1 lawaii. even- day. The Hawaii Shimpo, another The policies of the Japanese news- Honolulu daily, has also recently its papers in I lawaii. while differing from started to publish leading editorials a in one another in minor points, agree in once week, the English language, their essentials. As a part of their which is very commendable. policy the Japanese pro- newspapers The English section of the Nippu Jiji pound to Japanese residents in the terri- is largely devoted to promoting under- tory what the Japanese call "Eiju Do- standing between Japanese and Ameri- chaku" Or permanent residence in (la- can communities, and also to the pro- waii. This policy is pursued by the Jap- motion of interest of Japanese children anese press not with any sinister motive growing up into American citizens. In to secure control of these islands or to the this section was not so obtain dominition over other races, but beginning popular as it was expected, the criticism with the idea of inducing the Japanese being that it was too much for the of becoming a part of the land of their which is an news- residence. The Japanese press believes Nippu Jiji, eight-page to devote a for news that the longer the Japanese live in Ha- paper, page English items. However, this criticism has now waii, the more interested they will be- of o 'me in Hawaii's affairs and thingfs entirely disappeared, parents Japanese children it a valuable source of American, and the more they become to finding information for their children who know about America the better it is for pre- the Americanization of themselves and fer to read and speak English rather their children. than Japanese.

The 1 1 // has from a The life of the Japanese press in Ha- A"// / Jiji grown small a circulation waii will not he long. The steady in- printing plant having of a few hundred to a crease in the English-speaking Japanese copies large print- educated in America and the decrease of ing establishment holding the leading the older Japanese generation speaking place among the Japanese press in Ha- the Japanese language will make the waii. It holds membership in the Asso- publication of Japanese newspaper an ciated Tress through whose services its readers are of unpaying proposition within twenty-five given reports up-to-date years or so. ' world events. Its cable despatches from Tokyo are noted for accuracy and In this connection it might be inter- promptitude. esting to mention that the Japanese press in Hawaii is advocating the use of The Japanese press of Hawaii has Romanized Japanese which makes it pos- been, and is still to some extent, very sible for Japanese writers to convey unpopular among certain elements in the their sentiment in Japanese phraseologies American community. The unpopularity reduced in Roman letters. was at its height a year or two ago 64 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. when an unfortunate event unavoidably alien Japanese population shall have at- took place in Hawaii. tained such a degree of Americanization The popular belief among the white that its assistance is no longer needed, people seems to be that the Japanese \n support of the statement that the press allows anything to appear in its Japanese press is a valuable factor in the columns because no one, except the Jap- uplift of Hawaii, let me cite some of ancse, knows what is being said. This the many instances of patriotic work it is untrue. Responsible newspapers con- has performed. When the European trol their utterances, though at times, war started it was the Japanese press they become irrelevant in an unguarded through the Japanese language that suc- moment. They are perfectly aware of cessfully urged the Japanese residents the fact that what is being said in Jap- to enlist in the United States army, to anese is rapidly communicated to the buy Liberty Bonds and War Savings American community. The Nip pit Jiji, Stamps. It enlisted the support of the for one, prints in the Japanese as well Japanese in American Red Cross work as in the English language what actually and other patriotic services, and what takes place in the Japanese community, they have done, in my opinion, cannot be withholding or camouflaging nothing, successfully contradicted by any one. This honesty is sometimes criticized by We have in Hawaii a press law en- its Japanese contemporaries, but the acted by the 1921 territorial legislature Nip pit Jiji could not justify itself if it for the primary purpose of controlling concealed or suppressed facts just be- the utterances of the foreign language cause they are unpleasant. press. While this law has been enacted In spite of all what may be said particularly for the control of Japanese against the Japanese press, it must be newspapers in Hawaii, we hope it will conceded that it is a valuable factor in never find application to any of the the Americanization work of the alien newspapers in the territory. Japanese population of the islands which The future of America as a nation is dominating any other single race as depends in an important degree upon far as number is concerned. The ma- the measure of success Americans jority of the Japanese in Hawaii do not achieve in uniting all the racial strains speak or read the English language, into a single racial element—the Ameri- They must rely upon the Japanese press can—with a single American aim with a for the day's information relating to single American ideal. And Hawaii practically everything, from the enact- cannot afford to alienate the Japanese ment of new laws down to the social press by setting up against them a bar- customs, if they are to conform as best rier of prejudice and undeserved suspi- as they can to the requirements of the cion when they can be used to mix the country of their residence. The Japanese Japanese racial strain into American press is necessary until such time as the race. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 65

A Message from the Chinese Press

Jabin Hsu Representative of the Newspaper Association of Shanghai and the Chinese Press, Shanghai.

The press of the Pacific Countries has unreserved confidence in the columns of come to play an important role in the the newspapers circulated in the coun- regeneration of the intellectual life of tries bordering the great ocean and the China. Contact with other nations shat- daily dispatches furnished by news ters the crust of China's provincial agencies of these countries. and induces mutation and journalism When peace was proclaimed, news- in the activities. progress journalistic papers in China unanimously predicted As it has been in Japanese newspaper- disarmament and the elimination of dom, so it is in China. Contact with secret diplomacy, because the press of the West, especially America, has the Pacific had repeatedly declared that brought in new ideas, new forces and the late war was fought in the interest new influences, which are helping to of justice and humanity. The Chinese guide the public opinion of China's vast press at that time merely reproduced populace. In the journalistic develop- the made the statesmen of ment, China is in a transition from the promises by the the Pacific and old to the new, from the conservative to day through press other machines of Three the progressive, like her other phases publicity. long have and Chinese of national life. years elapsed today discovered that have been misled, During this period of transition, we they or we are are looking to our neighbors on the intentionally unintentionally, not here to discuss. Chinese Pacific for sympathetic guidance and journalists have now realized that support and to a certain extent we have press dispatches from their were dis- succeeded. We are copying all the foreign colleagues tributed with ulterior motives and that methods of news gathering, editing and the truth of the conditions of the na- advertising, which our big brothers have tions of the world was not told wisely adopted through trying experi- honestly in the Far East. Some believed that ences. On account of her youth as a the are factor in the intellectual life of a na- foreign press organizations in the hands of their tion, China has for some considerable merely weapons extent allowed herself to be led by the respective diplomats. opinions of the Pacific newspapers and Inconsistency, of course, is the great- news agencies. During the world war. est impeachment with which the press newspapermen in China devoured every- of China today charges the press of the thing that the foreign press chose to Pacific, for did not the statesmen of feed the Orient but the news reports Europe and America declare through concerning the international relationship their own press that the war was to end of China as conveyed by the foreign all future conflicts and that upon its agencies had their own purposes to successful prosecution, each and every serve. In their contact with the Pa- person would be given a decent chance cific press, the Chinese pressmen placed to enjoy life, property and the pursuit 66 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

ex- cine should be clean, consistent of happiness. If the Pacific press press of us all, and truthful more than other see- pects to enjoy the confidence any tion of world is more than the Chinese journalists say. it should the press ap- be at least consistent: it should review parent. and declaration of the the utterance with the resn \ ts f tne Versailles world as it figures of importance pub- Conference still vividly lingering in our facts about them. If the lishes new minds, the nations of the earth are is to lead the of the Pacific opin- j press :i )OUt to und e rgo another experiment to ion of the Orient, it must necessarily so i ve the pac jfi c problems without re- exercise such and supervision vigilance sortjng t0 arms Th e t j me j s opportune time to time to as are from ij f required for the j ourna sts the Pacific to see the inconsistent words and acts check to it that the tragedy f tne Versailles world Under such of the politicians. con f erence is not reproduced. It is well circumstances and under such cir- only w i t hj n tne pOWer of the Pacific press to cumstances can the world be free from - ayert the com j ng str ike. Secret diplo- so termed the propaganda, expressively macy> i ntrigu-e and entangling alliance "hookworm of journalism". l iave DUt one remedy : the bitter pill of on The comment of the Chinese press w hite publicity. The statesmen who are somewhat too the Pacific press, though going to participate in this coming con- severe, is but the outcome of the dis- ference, like those at the Versailles Con- eased seeds sowed by the foreign jour- ference, have announced to the world have nalists themselves and they only through the press their intention of re- for. But in order themselves to thank Heving mankind of that terrible burden hence to secure the confidence and sym- f deprivation for the increase of arma- of the Oriental news- pathic support ment an(j f giving all the nations, should paperdom, the foreign press whether strong or weak, a square deal tell "the truth, the whole truth and at the con ference table. The same but the truth." A press devoid nothing p i e(jge, it will be remembered, was made of and colored news, or propaganda by fche participants of the Versailles "handouts" and aimed for the welfare Conference before its sess ions. I trust of the Pacific as well as the world 1S ^ en of the Pacific call of the Orient. The faithful • the per- .„«-,.. , ^ nt. ama , , ,, exercise their , will supreme t>Pacific:£„ effectivelyJ formance of its duties by the . fu »^on of makinS the statesmen make press during the world crisis as is ex- and that to good their promises prevent isting today will accomplish much catastrophe which must follow if disperse the war clouds which even to- great a revocation of the Versailes Confer- lay hang darkly over our horizon. Such takes being the case, the reason why the Pa- ence place. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 67

Journalism in Korea

f. Yamagata, Editor "Soul Press".

half dollar i I am a Japanese and have come from the price to only a a Seoul in Korea where 1 am the pro- month a few years ago and though this the circulation of the Seoul prietor and editor of a little daily paper trebled called the Seoul Press. Although my Press 1 am not getting so much profit I This makes me think paper is a humble publication of only as did before. should combine >ur- four pages, yet Dr. Williams, the Pres- that we journalists ident of the World Press Congress, selves to maintain a reasonably high when he visited Korea several years ago price for our papers. Newspapers are took notice of it and afterwards in a now a thing of necessity, as indispens- pamphlet he prepared on the press of able as our daily food. They are a it a evil, the world, included it among the hun- necessity, or may be necessary do without them. dred representative papers of the world. People simply cannot not ask from them for I am not so self-conceited as to think Why should we that Dr. Williams gave my paper this more pay for our work and labor. distinction and honor because it was a As I said, I have come from Korea, good standard journal. On the contrary a country which is still little known by mine is very poor stuff, containing not the people of the rest of the world, much cablegrams and highly paid spe- If any of you, ladies and gentlemen, cial articles and giving only local news would like to know about the real con- written in the poorest English. Never- dition of Korea I should only be too theless it is the only daily paper pub- glad to supply you with correct infor- lished in English in the whole of the mation as best as I can. As this is a the Korean peninsula and besides at congress of journalists, permit me, how- time Dr. Williams visited Seoul it was ever, to tell you something about jour- the highest priced paper in the world, nalism in Korea. It is charged that the the monthly subscription being one dol- Japanese government restricts the free- lar and a quarter gold. These two, I dom of the press. This charge is true think, are the reasons which induced or to a certain extent. No cities except compelled Dr. Williams to mention the such big cities as Seoul and Fusan were name of my paper in the list of a hun- permitted to have more than one news- dred great papers of the world. Our paper. In other words, one paper for distinguished president was simply one city was the rule. This policy was forced to give my paper the Seoul Press enforced by the government partly for no other in considera- this great honor for there was political reasons and partly competitor in the field for the laurel. tion of the interest of the people at For some time after the annex- By the way. a few years ago I was large. of ation of Korea was carried obliged to abandon the distinction by Japan in there much un- publishing the highest priced paper out, prevailed political which induced the authorities to the world. I was^ constantly assailed by rest, it and to con- my readers with complaints against the think prudent expedient with de- trol the At the same time the high price of my paper and press. it beneficial to the mands for a reduction of it. I lowered authorities thought 68 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

people at large, not to permit the publi- men, it is a great help to the govern- cation of too many newspapers, because merit because through its columns the when there arc many newspapers pub- authorities can sound and learn the de- lished in a small place it is always the sires and ideas of the Korean people, public that suffer much in consequence so that they may frame such a policy of the competition and struggles for of administration as will please them existence between them. Keen can- and promote their general interest, vassing for soliciting advertisements and Journalism in Korea is still in its subscriptions must be kept up so that young days of development. There are they may live on and the result is that published in Seoul, capital of the penin- the general public are victimized. sula, three Korean, three Japanese and As a matter of fact, before annexation one English dailies, besides a number Seoul had four or five Japanese and of monthly magazines, Japanese and four Korean daily papers, all of which Korean. In the provinces about a dozen were but poorly supported and had to daily papers are published. Most of live, so to speak, from hand to mouth, those metropolitan and provincial papers The result was that not a few instances are rather poor stuff and their financial occurred in which the public were conditions are anything but good. The made to lose. In view of this evil the Korean masses are still too ignorant government put restriction on the num- and too poor to be able to support any her of newspapers making one news- big papers, in running which much paper for one city a general rule. This capital is needed. Besides, Korea being policy, as you will see, was taken with an agricultural country and her com- the best of intentions, but I do not merce and manufacturing industries be- think it was a wise one. The governing still undeveloped, the papers in ment should have left the matter alone, that country cannot as yet collect many leaving the public to manage it by itself, advertisements and cannot obtain any The government was too paternal and big income from that source. Both sub- tins was resented by the public. The scription and advertising rates are low government has since seen its error in and editors are very poorly paid. As I this respect. said, the Donga Ilpo is the Korean Two years ago when the Government- paper enjoying the largest circulation, General of Korea was reformed and re- issuing, as I understand, some forty organized, one of the first things the thousand copies a day. Even this paper, new authorities did was to permit the however, cannot be said to be finan- publication of three Korean and two cially very well off. As I understand, Japanese newspapers in Seoul. One of it is run with little or no profit, the Korean newspapers is here repre- Nevertheless, the Korean papers have a sented by my friend Mr. Kim. His great future. Education is rapidly paper is Donga Ilpo, or Eastern Asia spreading among Korea's rising genera- I Knly News. It is the best paper with tion and along with the economic ad- the largest circulation in Korea, being vance the people are steadily making edited by some of Korea's best edu- today, there is no doubt that the num- cated young men. It is a great educa- ber of people reading newspapers will tional power and influential moulder of increase and correspondingly the posi- Korean public opinion, and though its tion of the press and of those engaged utterances occasionally displease the in it will be improved. Japanese authorities, as outspoken and I thank you all for listening to my radical opinions of young men do older poor paper. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 69

The Newspaper in Korea

I). S. Kim

The Dong-A Daily, Seoul, Korea. i Read by Guy Innes.)

The average English reader knows to write one word in each square space little of the Korean newspaper in the by which means the man in the compos- making. It is a happy occasion to in- ing room may know how many words form this great gathering briefly how to the line or the whole article at a the modern Korean paper is turned out. glance. Koreans use the Chinese characters The Korean language is like the as well as the alphabet or the phonetic Chinese, read up and down and from syllabary, which is composed of eleven right to left, so the first page is really vowels and fourteen consonants which the last of a four-page paper. It is a is considered the simplest written lang- decided rule, that each page has its uage in the world. Anybody can learn separate departments : The first page is to read and write within a week. For editorial, by all means the most im- there is in the this reason no illiteracy portant ; second, telegrams, politics Korea, but a Korean journalist must be and commercial news; the third, the so- a scholar in Chinese classics which form cial or city news, the written picture of the basis of all written language in the Korean life; and the fourth page has Orient. The English papers have pass- fiction and correspondence from all ed the stage when the reading public en- corners of the nation. Advertisements joyed a long editorial, but in Korea it go at the foot of the first and last is still in demand. pages. The third page is written en- History tells us that the Koreans in- tirely by the Korean alphabet, that at- vented the iron movable types long be- tracts more readers than the other con- those old are servative fore Gutenberg ; types pages. still kept at the royal museum today. The Dong-A Daily has a rotary press The Korean alphabet has been already that turns out twenty thousand copies adapted to the linotype with which the per hour, and the press rolls almost Koreans in America are publishing their three hours daily to turn out fifty thou- papers, but on account of the Chinese sand copies that reach every corner characters it is not practicable in Korea. and nook of the country. Now, take the Dong-A Daily, the The local news is gathered by re- leading newspaper in Korea, it has four porters who have been assigned to cer- pages with sixteen members on the edi- tain places and also by news agencies, torial staff which is too crowded for an but the foreign news is supplied by the English paper of the same size. One Reuter and Kokusai, that tell very little might criticise for the waste of labor, about the news of the different races but atcually the writing is all done by bordering the Pacific. hand, and it must be carried out by a The Koreans want to know more bigger force than an English paper. about the news concerning the Pacific. The manuscript papers are ruled so as In view of this fact the Dong-A Daily 70 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. lias been rendering all possible assist- conference proceedings ha-s been pub- ance and publicity to the Pan-Pacific lished and now the Dong-A Daily is Union, so today the name of Mr. Alex- represented at the first Pan-Pacific ander I [time Ford, our esteemed chair- Press Conference, at the threshold of a man of the conference, is as well known new era, may we hope that we know to the Koreans as to the Hawaiians, and each other better than ever before by the full report of the first educational the efforts of this conference. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 71

Journalism in Australia

By J. E. Davidson Managing Director of "The Barrier Miner", Broken Hill, Australia, and first president of the Australian Journalists' Association.

Eight hundred and forty-five news- morning papers use photographic work, half papers supply Australia's five and a but not so generally as their evening millions of people with news and jour- contemporaries. Line illustrations as nalistic comment. Australian used in the journal- United States are rarely ism compares favorably with that in seen in Australian newspapers. any other part of the globe. From the A lack of humor is perhaps one of editorial and commercial points of view, the outstanding features of Australian the bulk of the newspapers are ably journalism. ( )ne rarely gets a laugh In social in which conducted. a system of out our daily press, unless it be a the must necessarily be a newspaper laugh at the intense seriousness of commercial success in order to live, they some of the political articles. Conscious maintain the highest ideals. There has humor is studiously avoided, so studi- never been ground, so far as I know, ously avoided, that not infrequently un- for suspicion that any newspaper of conscious humor is abundantly present. has ever been actuated in its standing Australian The newspapers were orig- policy or advocacy by self-seeking or inally modelled on the British type of corrupt motives. Bribery of the Aus- journalism, to which type they still tralian press is unheard of. Its honesty closely adhere. True to the British of purpose is beyond question. The type, the Australian journalism is staid, leading and .special articles are vigor- weighty and serious. It worships at ously written. The news on the whole the shrine of dignity, and therefore in is set out fairly and impartially. The and many of the leading daily newspapers style employed is generally crisp humor is taboo. That is not to pithy, but without any attempt at elab- say there are no humorists Austra- orate display. In the last ten years among the evening newspapers, which have lian newspaper men. As a fact, there exis of on the made rapid progress, have to some as high a percentage them tent broken away from the unwritten ink)' way under the Southern Cross as law in regard to the non-display of among journalists elsewhere, but most news, but the morning papers still rig- of the witty newspaper matter and

it. In the same are in clubs or idly conform to way, headings only published other where the Australian news- the evening newspapers have abandoned places feat- men Several the practice of excluding pictorial paper congregate. bright different ures. Several of the most successful writers in Australia have, at the times, lost their because in evening papers are now following nearly jobs, in moments, let a example set by the American press unguarded they joke the into their that respect. ( )n special occasions creep "copy". 72 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

On this phase of journalism many was created, the newspapers devoted an have a proprietors and managers per- inordinate amount of space to politic!;. fect horror of what they call "Ameri- This again was one of the journalistic canizing" their newspapers. A remon- traditions handed down from the British strance to one manager in respect to type. The political writers were always the dull seriousness of his newspaper the best paid men, and the editors of drew the remark, "My dear fellow, dull- the great daily newspapers were selected ness and seriousness pay me. Tell me mainly on their political acumen. In how to make my paper more solemn those days most of the work in what and serious and I'll listen to you." And Americans call the "human interest" there was wisdom in that apparent domain was entrusted to the junior topsyturvy observation. There is noth- members of the staffs. While the States ing the Australian public resent more remained entirely separate entities, the quickly or more emphatically than in- big metropolitan newspapers wielded novations in its newspapers. enormous political power, and on that The Australian newspaper reader likes power they flourished in a financial sense. his paper to have exactly the same ap- Over of pearance from day to day. He wishes fifty percent the Australian to find its several features—the wool population is centered in the State cap- market, the mining' news, the financial ital cities, and that enabled the great articles, the cabled and local news—all newspapers to build up their immense in precisely the same part of the paper political influence. Each paper strove each day. Further, he expects all the to become a sort of political director, reports and articles to follow a stereo- and the more powerful of them were typed form. For that reason what is indeed able to make and unmake State called the "lead" in American journal- Ministries at their own sweet wills. The ism is unknown in Australia. In Aus- success of these papers led others to tralia a newspaper story must start at strive after similar effects, with the the "beginning" and work up to a cli- result that the real news side of journal- max like the old three-volume novel. A ism was neglected. The aim of every police court story must first of all set proprietor was to make his publication, out when and where the court was held. not a first-class newspaper, but what who occupied the bench, the name of some were pleased to term an "organ". the accused, and the charge. The evi- In other words, a force in the formation dence tendered in the case must follow of public opinion. in the order submitted, and the fate of When the Commonwealth was inau- the concerned must be person carefully gurated, however, national matters be- concealed until the last is paragraph gan to overshadow State affairs. Aus- written ; unless it is disclosed perchance tralia on a whole displaced the indi- in the headline. In the case of one vidual States in the minds of the peo- which from that newspaper departed ple. Realizing that fact, the newspapers formula the editor received managing began to devote less space to State poli- numerous letters the from readers to tics and more to Commonwealth politics ; effect that to him turn- they objected but they had not nearly the same in- "all the in the unside- ing reports paper fluence of power over the Federal (Com- down." monwealth) Parliament or in Federal Until the Australian States federated political matters as they had enjoyed in and the Commonwealth of Australia State matters. This was inevitable. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 73

The big metropolitan newspapers, while Meanwhile, as secondary industries all-powerful in their own States, could had multiplied, there had grown up in do nothing to influence the electors of the big cities, almost unneeded by the other States, simply because they have newspapers, a large wage-earning popu- no circulation there. Therefore, since lation— artisans and factory operatives. the establishment of the Commonwealth That class of the population was aug- in 1900 the newspapers have' devoted mented by the masses of unskilled la- much more attention to general news borers, created and encouraged to re- as distinguished from political news. main unskilled by the expenditure by the State Governments of enormous In the early days of Australian jour- sums of loan money borrowed from nalism the newspapers were divided in Great Britain. The steady growth of the political field along a line some- this proletarian population silently what similar to that existing in Great worked a tremendous change in the Britain. They belonged to one of two political thought of Australia, which groups—Conservative or Liberal. The again had its effect on political journal- Conservative papers stood for the pres- ism. For a time the proletarian class ervation of vested interests, chiefly swung in behind the Liberal Party, as it those of the landed proprietors, men did in Great Britain for two cen- who had come to the new land from nearly turies. This meant a vast accession of Great Britain and taken up large areas power to the Liberal newspapers. But of pastoral country. These men were, about 1890—the year of the great hard- and still are, known as "squatters". On fought strike in the shipping the other hand, the Liberal newspapers industry in Australia—the proletarian of work- favored the breaking up of the holdings ing class population began to organize of the squatters into small areas with a political party of its own. This be- the object of absorbing the population came, and is still, known as the Aus- which had been attracted to Australia tralian Labor Party. It was at the by the gold discoveries, and in other to time wholly without newspaper support. provide land for other immigrants. For ten years the work of organization Later on, as secondary industries be- went on steadily, and ultimately changed to up, the division was along gan grow the whole aspect of Australian political the fiscal issue, except in New South journalism. Wales, the Australian home of free Conservative and Liberal trade. The Conservative newspapers newspaper-, which had hitherto been took up the cudgels on behalf of free fiercely fighting each to find a common trade and the importing interests, while other, began cause in to the new and the Liberal journals supported a policy hostility party its socialistic Almost uncon- of protection for the new industries. In policy. this battle the Liberal papers eventually sciously, they joined forces to oppose won a decisive victory. In the first two sternly the now rapidly rising party. Commonwealth Parliamentary elections There was still here and there a slight after the States had federated, the free difference in the ton eadopted toward measures the Labor trade party was completely routed, since certain proposed by then, the fiscal issue has played a very Party, but in the broad sense both Con- servative and Liberal were insignificant part in Australian journal- journals ism. Even in New South Wales the unanimously anti-Labor. Despite their combined failed to contest against the policy of protection efforts, they utterly has been abandoned. stem Labor's oncoming tide. 74 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Assisted, but not much, by three or party now publishes five daily journals, four small weekly propaganda sheets, one each in llobart (Tasmania), Ade- La- published in State capital cities, the laide (South Australia), Brisbane bor Party eventually secured a majority (Queensland), Ballarat (Victoria) and in two or three of the State Legislatures Broken Mill (New South Wales). and in the Commonwealth Parliament. There is no Labor daily press in the of chief — The political power and influence of either the two cities Mel- Australian newspapers were dealt a bourne and Sydney, although at the staggering hlow, from which they have outbreak of the war the Labor party never recovered in a political sense. had a modern plant ready in Sydney This was unmistakably demonstrated to produce a daily newspaper. Owing during the war period. ( )n two occa- greatly to the narrow lines and nar- sions during that period the Common- row views which characterize the La- wealth Government submitted a refer- bor papers as compared with their non- endum of the electors (adult suffrage) Labor opponents—which, again, is the question of whether the Australian owing greatly to the fact that the lead- army fighting ahroad should he rein- ers of the party have not yet learned forced by means of military conscrip- the first essentials of newspaper man- tion. The Lahor Party opposed mili- agement—little journalistic or financial tary conscription and was supported by success has yet been achieved by any five small and feehle daily newspapers Labor daily paper. All of them are which it had meanwhile established. dependent on constant—and grudging— The whole of the powerful anti-Lahor financial support from the Labor and non-Labor newspapers, numbering unions. The circulations too. are ex- 700 throughout Australia, strongly ad- ceedingly small, even among the work- vocated the principle of and need for ing class, in comparison with those of military conscription. On both refer- non-Labor papers. One explanation of endums there were substantial majori- the poor circulations is that the Labor ties against conscription. Clearly the publications are not newspapers in the old-established newspapers had lost their proper sense of that term. They may power to sway the people at will. be described generally as propaganda Though doubtless the element of strong sheets disguised as newspapers, and self-interest and family interest in the they are therefore neither one nor the conscription question was beyond the other. They try to be both, and fail reach of newspaper argument in the both ways. Another drawback to suc- case of vast numbers of the electors. cessful Labor journalism is that there ( )ne result of this loss of influence is are wide divisions within the party that the political side of Australian itself, These divisions cover sections journalism is gradually losing much of such as the revolutionary communists. the importance it once possessed. More of the Karl Marx school; guild social- i^ ists and more attention being paid to the ; State socialists and constitutional world's news, received by cable, and to democrats. All these sections issue happenings affecting the general life of small weekly, fortnightly, or monthly the community. In short, the Austral- newspapers which have little or no in- ian newspaper is becoming less of a fluence on the mass of the proletariat. political machine, and therefore truer From the offices of most of the prin- to name. cipal daily papers bulky general weekly In addition to the weekly Labor newspapers are issued. There is usual- papers already referred to the Labor Iv one such weekly paper connected FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 7?

with each big daily paper proprietary. thought and character, and at the same These publications are a distinctive time it is an admirable mirror of that feature of Australian journalism. They thought and character. Seizing the are not mere weekly enlargements of field of humor and satire left largely the dailies, but they are entirely sepa- untouched by the daily newspapers, the rate publications under separate titles. founder of "The Bulletin" produced a They contain summaries of the week's paper brimful of those qualities. After news, special agricultural*, pastoral, hor- the usual struggle, owing to insufficient ticultural and sporting' articles, short capita], it was a complete success. It and serial stories, and an illustrated handles politics, finance, art, literature. section printed on art or supercalen- and the topics of the day from a broad dared paper. Many of these are high- national viewpoint, and all its articles, class productions and have large circu- paragraphs, cartoons, caricatures and lations, chiefly in the rural districts. drawing are given a witty turn typically Australia, however, is deficient in first- Australian. The humor is so adroitly rate magazines and reviews, the reason mixed with sound common sense, good being that its population is too small taste, solid argument, and lofty nation- to carry them. al sentiment that "The Bulletin" makes delightful reading. It is as popular Except at Sydney, in the State of with women readers as with men. Its New South Wales, there are no Sunday contributors are to be found in all papers in Australia. In that city, how- classes of the community, and in every ever, three Sunday papers are published remote corner of the island continent. regularly, two of them from the offices It has done more to encourage and of evening newspapers and one inde- build up the short story writers and pendently. All are built more or less the black and white artists of Australia on the lines of American Sunday than one in other coun- the any paper any papers. In several of the States try has done for its writers and artists. publication of regular Sunday papers It is popular in city, town and country. is expressly forbidden by law. In Indeed it has been said that if, on the those States it is provided that estab- long, lonely back country tracks of lished newspapers may publish three Australia, you meet a solitary swag- Sunday editions during any one year, man, bush worker, or sheep or cattle but then only if the matter contained droven. he may ask you for a pipe of in such editions is of national impor- tobacco, but he is sure to ask for a tance. copy of "The Bulletin." And withal it the there Among weekly publications is in the hands of practically every is one which is known in most parts financier and statesman, investor and world. '1 his of the English-speaking business man in every part of the Con- is "The Bulletin." published in Sydney, tinent. Xew South Wales. It is the nearest As is natural in a country so de- that Australia has to a na- approach devoted to all forms of the and voutly sport, tional paper. In its make-up range sporting papers are numerous. These of matter there is nothing quite like follow closely the lines of the British it in the whole world of journalism. ami American sporting publications. Founded by an extraordinarily brilliant Australian, whose outlook was essen- The great handicap under which the Australian, it Australian suffer is the cost tially that of the average newspapers has done much to mould national of obtaining the world's big news. The 76 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. bulk of this news is cabled from Lon- who consider themselves aggrieved don. England, and in comparison with much more frequently in Australia than the cable charges to other countries, is the case in America. The Australian the rate per word is high. Two cable citizen is much more sensitive in re- lines touch Australia—the Eastern Ex- spect to what is said about him in t he- tension and the Pacific cables. The press than is his American cousin. Idle news is transmitted through those lines, following instance, from my own ex- but the heavy cost is a drain on the perience, will illustrate the nervous con- resources of the newspapers. The dition of the Australian newspapers as whole of the Australian press is de- regards the printing of libels. During pendent on three cable news organiza- the Broken Hill strike of 1919-20, tions. One of these is controlled by when the whole city was laid idle for the morning newspapers of Sydney and 18 months. "The Barrier Miner" dis- Melbourne, formed into an association covered that three of the strike leaders, for that purpose. This Association while drawing strike pay coupons, were uses its own service, and also sells it secretly receiving seven pounds a week to the other morning papers in the for alleged services in procuring the capital cities, and to one or two eve- attendance of union members for exam- inn- papers in the capital cities and ination by a medical commission spe- to one or two evening papers in the cially appointed by the Government, at capital cities as well. The other two the union's request, to enquire into the cable news organizations are at present health conditions at the mines. The working together under an agreement. leaders were suspected of opposing the They consist of a service controlled by work of the health commission, and so one evening paper in Sydney and an- they were secretly paid salaries by the other in Melbourne, and of the Reu- commission to counteract their adverse ters' Service. These services are sold intensions—a scheme which proved suc- to other newspapers throughout Aus- cessful. "The Barrier Miner," having tralia on a contributory basis which got the men to unsuspectingly convict gives the contributors no voice in the themselves out of their own mouth, tele management. graphed the facts, as specially good to all its news With slight variations the laws, copy, correspondent and to all the other libel and otherwise, governing newspapers, leading in Australia. But papers in Australia are the same in all newspapers although strike was a matter of na- the States of the Commonwealth. They the great tional — if — are based on the British laws dealing concern, scarcely any any The with newspapers. So far as the law dared to reproduce the exposure. men had a threat of of libel is concerned, the principle is guilty published that nothing must he printed that is libel actions against any newspapers the and that calculated to injure or damage a person that should reprint facts, in the eyes of his fellow-citizens. Under sufficed to terrify the Australian press it a newspaper has no greater rights or into silence. The men did begin suits privileges in commenting on public af- against "The Barrier Miner" but they fairs, or in criticizing public men or did not proceed to court. Meanwhile other persons, that are possessed by one of them was hounded out of office the ordinary citizen. The courts of over the matter, and the others went justice are very strict on this point, and out of their own accord. This is an the libel law is resorted to by persons example of the paralyzing effect of the FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 77 libel nightmare on the Australian press. For the last ten years the working has been or- One law, peculiar to Australia, journalists of Australia have been enacted by the Commonwealth ganized in a trade union, registered Parliament. This is contained in the under the industrial law of the Corn- Electoral Act, a law relating to and monwealth. This union is known as governing the election of members to the Australian Journalists' Association, the Commonwealth Parliament. In it Any person the major portion of whose there is a clause providing that between income is derived from Journalism, not the date of the issue of a writ for an being a managing editor or chief of election, and the date of the return of staff, is eligible for membership, Prac- the writ to the President of the Senate ticallv every working journalist is a or the Speaker of the House of Rep- member of the organization, which has resentatives every article appearing in obtained by appeals to the Arbitration any paper commenting on matter re- Court created under the Industrial law. lating to the election must be signed awards fixing the minimum wages, and by the writer thereof. This provision the hours and conditions of labor for was brought forward by the Labor all its members. These awards have party, and was intended as a blow at substantially increased the wages of the influence of the anti-Labor news- journalists on the regular newspaper papers. It was considered that if the staffs throughout Australia, and at the names of the writers of political articles same time they have decreased the were attached to them, it would de- hours of labor. Separate agreements tract from the weight of such articles, have been made by the Journalists' The underlying idea was to detach the Association with city and country force and influence of a paper from the newspaper proprietors. In the capital articles published in it, and to give cities, the Melbourne (Victoria) and them the appearance of expressions of Sydney (New South Wales) wage rates mere personal opinions by obscure are taken as a basis, and percentage re- writers, ductions are provided in the wages The intention of the law. however, paid in the smaller capitals like Bris- has been fairly generally defeated bane (Queensland), and Perth (West whenever desired. This has been done Australia), Hobart (Tasmania), and by attaching to each article the names Adelaide (South Australia). At first, of the whole of the persons composing where the journalists were fighting for the editorial and leader-writing staff, the formation of the Association and by appending a statement that the for their awards from the Arbitration article was written, after consultation, Court, there was some friction with by "Brown Smith," or by printing a the newspaper proprietors, who resented statement in some part of the news- the application of trade union princi- paper to the effect that for any matter pies in the working of their literary in the issue requiring a signature under staffs. Now, however, the position has the law, "Brown Smith, "Smith Brown," been accepted, and the scheme is op- and Jones Robinson" are responsible, erating smoothly and, on the whole. Consequently it is exceedingly doubtful satisfactorily. whether the law has had the effect de- The need for a national Australian sired by its framers. It has been the daily newspaper is crying aloud for the means of satisfying some idle curiosity recognition. The great dailies of all Even as to the identity of the political writ- large cities are parochial. — include ers, but that is about all. the greatest of them and they 7* FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. newspapers that would bear comparison edition simultaneously in each State. with the world's best —give surprisingly That opportunity will not be left un- affairs for it little space to Australian out- seized forever ; though would side the State in which they are pub- take large capital to initiate a new daily lished. Indeed, after eliminating" the newspaper on national lines, with a na- purely metropolitan news and the tional policy, and published simultan- foreign cables, there is little left. Aus- eously in each of the six states, such a tralian happenings of far greater im- paper would really have no opposition portance than much of the news cabled in its own wide sphere. Three-fifths of from the other side of the world are the population would be reached by often overlooked if outside the boun- such a paper before breakfast every daries of the State in which the paper morning. Well and patriotically con- is published. One would think that ducted, such a journal would indeed be the leading metropolitan dailies had a power in the land, and a power for come to an agreement not to compete great good. Perhaps such a paper will with one another, otherwise, within 20 soon appear. Until it does, it cannot years of federation, surely one, if not be said that the Australian press has more, of them would have published an attained its majority. FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 79

The Need in Latin-American Countries

Virgilio Rodriguez Beteta

Representing the Press . Issociation of

.South . Imeriea

Being one of the fundamental pur- considerable interest in the Pacific, inso- poses of the Press Congress to establish far as the first four are concerned they and maintain closer relations between are interested because of the establish- the publishers of newspapers and maga- ment of railroad facilities between Chile zines in every country, nothing could be and the Republic of Argentina by means better than the formation of subdivisions of the Transandean Railway. In refer- of this Congress, in such a way that this ence to the last named of these republics, may be the big organization which will Bolivia, which has no coast, either on preside over all subdivisions and these the Atlantic or the Pacific, has its natur- will serve with greater concentration on al outlet, however, toward the Pacific. sectional problems, and particular atten- In spite of the many commercial inter- tion to relations between peoples of one ests which Latin America has on the section of the globe. The organization Pacific it can be said that there are but of a Pan-Pacific Press Conference to be very few relations maintained between a part of the Press Congress of the these countries and those of the Ha- World is, in consequence, not only a waiian Islands, Japan, China, Korea, logical step in the development of the New Zealand, the Philippines, Australia functions of the Press Congress of the and other countries bordering the Pa- World, but a step of more than ordinary cific in the Old World, countries which significance at this time when the eyes are known to Latin America through of the world are turned expectantly on name only. the of this section of the development There are in Latin American countries globe. bordering the Pacific not less than The papers presented on the occasion seventy wireless stations, among them of the inauguration of this Pan-Pacific one of high power located in Chile, but Press Congress widely show how prac- no news is sent there directly from the tical can be the promotion of under- Orient. It is relayed to California by standing between the Pan-Pacific coun- wireless, from there it is sent to New tries to secure better means of communi- York, thence to South America by cable cation between them and above all, to from Galveston on the Gulf of Mexico, advance the cause of world peace. going to Vera Cruz, Mexico, crossing then the isthmus and from there I will refer now only to what this going all the Pacific countries of Cen- section of the Press Congress can ac- through tral and South America. complish in the case of Latin America. All of the Latin American Republics The main task of the Pan-Pacific Con- have coastlines, both on the Atlantic and gress in connection with the interchange the Pacific, with the exception of Uru- of news in Central and South American guay, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and newspapers should be directed to obtain- Bolivia, but even these countries have ing direct means of communication at so FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. the lowest possible rate. The dealings gest the necessity of starting the rela- which rapid development of this Con- tions with it by means of a center of gress is maintaining is of great interest communication established at a point in to the Orient because of the rapid America which is to be in direct con- growth which these young countries tact, both with Latin America and at the have made in their fight for advance- same time with the Orient. There is ment against so many handicaps. The but one way to begin, that is to say, to Orient would be interested in knowing- take advantage of an intermediate point. how the racial problem has been solved The situation is similar to that of two in countries like Argentina and Ura- persons, who, in order to become ac- guay, how the extension of a great popu- quainted need the services of a third lation of Negroes in Brazil does not person to make the introduction. constitute the problem there, and how Through this point you will speak to the problem of a large native Indian Latin America and Latin America will population, by means of its slow assimi- speak to you, it being the center of dif- lation with the white populations is be- fusion and the source of the information ing solved. You of the Orient will be contained in your newspapers, maga-' very much interested in knowing of the zines and pamphlets, and vice versa. Of magnitude and intensity of the fight iti course this point which is selected must which these countries have been engaged be one which has the best and most in their struggle to adopt the most ad- rapid means of communication by cable, vanced principles of representation and wireless, steamer and mail with both the Orient and Latin America. democracy in spite of poor preparation Through this center there would be the by the masses and a national indepen- developed mutual relations dent life when these countries obtained between the Orient and Latin America, until the time when such their independence from Spain. Finally communications could be on a direct you will be astonished when you know put basis. the progress, the figures of natural trade and some other striking results achieved That is the way for the Pan-Pacific by some of these countries. While a Congress to promote a better under- group of them have achieved great re- standing between the Pacific countries sults and all the others are in different of Latin America and the Pacific coun- of all to- tries of degrees development, tending the Orient, and especially of ward the same results. The size of the establishing better understanding be- Latin American which is at territory tween the journalists by means of com- least four times that of the United munication. In so far as the high pur- States and is for a capable population poses of advancing the cause of the of four hundred million people, and the peace of the Pacific, a phrase of deep stupendous number and variety of natur- significance for securing the peace of the al resources foreshadows that Latin world, this branch of the Press Congress America is destined to a occupy great should make the task of Latin America a position in world affairs. And now it is very important one. There are in the interesting to know how the Orient will most southwesterly part of America big be benefited from the which position problems which concern the international Latin America holds. policies of all Latin America. The "War From the beginning of the develop- of the Pacific," so-called, is the name ment of the practical works of the Pan- given by history to the war between Pacific Congress in Latin America I sug- Chile on the one side, and Peru and FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 81

Bolivia on the other side during the last dressed is Central America. The separa- third of the eighteenth century. This tion of these five small republics which at war left as a legacy a hitter dispute as the time of its independence and some to frontiers and provinces which has been twenty years after, were constituted a impossible to settle amicably in spite of sole nation, is a Latin American interna- the many efforts used, as much on the tional problem which in a certain way part of politicians and diplomatists of the opposes the prestige and harmonious de- contending nations as by the mediation velopment of the American continent of of disinterested countries. Neither the Spanish speaking countries. Since its in- Pan-American Congress, started nearly dependence the most intelligent and patri- thirty years ago with the purpose of otic public men have been engaged in bringing together the American conn- fighting at first for maintaining the unity tries, both of Saxon and Spanish origin, of the Republic of Central America and for the settlement of international quar- afterwards for the establishment of it. rels and disputes and adopting a common Since 1885, on which date Rufino Barrios point of view in regard to international fell in battle, fighting gloriously for these policies, or the efforts of prominent men ideals, the attempts to secure this union of and will in North and thought good by means of force were stopped, and has South America have succeeded in stop- been means of a of changed by' policy this acute which ping quarrel represents diplomacy and other peaceful means, the most confronted perplexing problem [n 1911 \ ]ea?ue of Central American by the people ot Latin America. journalists was attempted for the same Bolivia expects, naturally enough, an _ ]mrpose M prescnt t , are not en outlet to the sea, of which she was de- , • • i - ^, ...... in the but , 'gaged re-uniting governments, at the time of the treatv after that '. . • pnved ' , , t»- i , , . mamlv the are ^ , , J peoples. Big things bem«: war. rem demands the return of two . , , P , , , , reformed worthy of the help and support provinces which Chile retains in her of a11 hono™ble eo le - The hands. Chile argues that she has the P P Spanish and Latin American press has ottered at right for doing it and the other says that different its the main condition of that treatv.' which opportunities support, and most of the of the United was to put the disputed provinces under recently papers States, the the test of a plebiscite, was not fulfilled. especially papers and maga- The settlement of the problem involved zines of New York, have become inter- is the main purpose of any attempt to ested in this affair and have applauded maintain peace in the Latin American that effort. Should the Pan- Pacific Con- Pacific. If the Pan-Pacific Press Con- gress take upon its own account the task ference could do something that would of using its influence for securing a gain the attention of the most influential definite moral support of the press of the journalists of both countries in order to Pacific it would be very opportune and bring about a common point of view it would signify that they would help the which would result in arranging a cove- five countries occupying the center of the nant. it would be an achievement which Xew World, through which the oceanic would excel any other one accomplish- communication was opened and which is ment made by the many tentative Pan- the point at which not only the communi- American Congresses and courts of arbi- cation of the Atlantic with the Pacific tration. was consummated, hut which represents Another point to which the side of the the bridge uniting the great portions of l'an-Pacific Press Congress could be ad- North and South America. S2 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

A Pan-Pacific School of Journalism

Dean Waltee Williams President World's Press Congress

I not intend do to make a speech on of the improvement of the rising" gen- the subject assigned to me. If I had eration, of the new crop of journalists my "druthers" as Mark Twain used to that is coming on in the various conn- say. 1 would "drnther" be honorary sec- tries of the world. These earlier jour- retary than to hold any position I know, nalists have made a great mess of the \> 1 understand the duties of an hon- world or they permitted a great mess to orary secretary they are to look wise or be made by other people and the chaos pretty and be silent and see that every- that confronts us today is, in a meas- one else stops as soon as possible their Lire, in a very considerable measure, speeches. Mr. Cohen fills that position the fault of the press of the world. If beautifully, as did Mr. McClatchy this the newspapers had been fair and un- mooring. . censored and courageous in their deal- in s wilh the of their own lands Director Ford has asked that I give 8 peoples aml the reasons why there should be a Pan- the peoples of other lands we would not so have had the Pacific School of Journalism. I will certainly rcat war the end of which we have not do so. My conclusions would be - > ust witnessed. correct but the reasons that I would J happily give might be altogether wrong and Now this is a strategic point for a while you might agree with me in the School of Journalism. It seems to me conclusions you might disagree with the there are not to be very many schools reasons that I as the of in the world there is suggested means journalism ; for reaching those conclusions. Travel not enough room for them. Many and education or education including great schools of journalism there can- travel is necessary in preparation for not be any more than many great uni- any form of journalism. There is no versities there cannot be. There can occupation in life except that of an be abundant primary and much ele- idiot that can lie successfully performed mentary and secondary education but without education of some kind. Most higher education in the larger sense can of us are in journalism by accident or only be successfully given at certain inheritance or inability to get into any- great centers or certain places where thing else or for some other incidental opportunities exist therefor, and one reason, and that is one trouble with of these places it seems to me, as far journalism and we can't improve jour- as journalism is concerned, is this pe- nalism very much without improving culiar community in which we find our- ournalists and I little selves this and the reason for j have very hope afternoon, of the improvement of journalists who that of course is that map. The map have reached the age of permissible in- makes of Honolulu a Charing Cross out it discretion, such as the age reached by on the Pacific ; it makes a terminal some who I see before me and behind station, a station where people can stop me in this room, but I have great hope a while and then go on to some other FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 83

place, having changed cars or trams or conditions of life among other peoples ships or outrigger canoes in the center as they would by extensive travel and of this great ocean, and that is one long study in any of the countries thus reason. Another reason is that here represented. we have the customs and habits of That it seems to me has its value for, peoples of the Pacific carried out in after all. as it cannot be too frequently actual everyday life, to be studied here said, if journalism is to be anything as a laboratory before our eyes, or a other than a mere occupation to fur- panorama to perceive as we look out on nish bread and butter to those engaged it which could be obtained by students in it, if it is to reach its highest mis- nowhere else in the world. sion, it must undertake to make the world better because it has been in the These are some reasons why the con- world. In its highest it is a clusions seem to me correct that an analysis profession of public service. Some one institution here which would take for said the other day that a good definition a year or two students in their senior of journalism is a profession that knew or as students from years graduate where hell is about to break out and China, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, had a reporter there to tell what hap- the Mainland and the and Philippines pened when the devil appeared. It let them, for a year or two here, under seems to me a better definition for the proper auspices, with inspiring teach- new journalism in the new world is ers, see how the others live. In a that it is a profession that knows where short time they could go back to their heaven can be brought about and has own countries knowing as much about a reporter on hand to lift the lid. S4 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE

The Pan-Pacific Press Congress

Dr. Frank l\ IU.xkkr Executive Secretary Pan-Pacific Union

The hour has come to close this ses- make it easy for you to see something sion of the Pan-Pacific Press Confer- (if nature's wonders here to be found in ence and with it there terminates as lavish profusion; to gain some notion well the official program of the Press at first hand of Hawaii's important oc- of the all to learn somewhat of the Congress World. Very soon, cupations ; too soon to suit those of us who belong customs, lore and character of the great to Hawaii, yon will begin retracing race of Polynesians who have long in- your steps. Very soon comfortable and habited these Islands, and to form some- commodious vessels and swift trains idea of the problems of labor and race will have carried you back to your here to be found. desks and very soon you will find your- Although we hope you will have selves in your accustomed places, en- found these features of sufficient inter- gaged in your accustomed duties, meet- est to lead you to speak and to write ing your accustomed associates and of them as opportunity arises, never- again living your accustomed lives. For theless, if that inward change of which a brief time you will have slipped out I speak has lead you to do no more i't" your place in the smoothly working than to observe and enjoy the unpar- machinery with which each of you has alleled beauties of sea and land and surrounded himself and of which each sky, here to be found, your trip will is an integral and essential part. Soon have fallen short of its possibilities, you will have slipped back into your both to you and to us, for you will particular niches, outwardly unchanged have missed the interrelations of things, by your visit to Hawaii. the hidden meanings, the things which do not In such event it will While your avoirdupois may show appear. be as some increase, nevertheless, I have no though "having eyes one sees not" and ears one hears not." doubt, yonr architectural lines will still "having bear sufficient resemblance to your A Prophecy of the Pacific former proportions to enable your That the countries and states border- friends to recognize your silouette. Out- ing the Pacific and in the Pacific con- wardly. 1 say, all will be as before, but stitute a region having features and inwardly, I doubt not, there will have characteristics and problems which dif- come a as a result of new change pre- ferentiate it from every other region an an ceptions, enlarged outlook, ener- has been recognized by many. Seventy for have been gizing vision, you seeing years or more ago W. H. Seward, then with the mind as well as with the eye. Hnited States Senator from New York, The citizens of Hawaii, with that hos- and later Secretary of State under pitality for which they are justly Lincoln, in a notable speech in the

famous ( I ran say this without im- Senate gave expression to a remarkable modesty for I have been here not much prophecy concerning this region. He

longer than yourselves) have tried to said : FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 85

"Henceforth European commerce, population live in the lands of the Pa- European politics, European thought, cific, numbering the oldest and the and European activity, although actual- newest of organized communities, and, ly gaining force; and European connec- characteristic of our times, their mighty tions, although actually becoming more ocean is conic to be regarded by all of intimate, will nevertheless relatively them as a bond rather than a barrier. sink in importance; while the Pacific In a large way we must feel that the Ocean, its shores, its islands and the future of the race, the hope of creating vast region beyond, will become the a true community of men and nations chief theatre of events in the world's and civilizations, each retaining its own great hereafter." traditions, character and independence, President Harding's Views yet all serving the common end of human must The fact that on Armistice Day, No- progress greatly depend on the of fine vember 11th next, there convenes in development your ideal of a Pan- Pacific With Washington at the call of the Presi- neighborhood. better acquaintance, more intimate inter- dent of the United States representa- dependence, mutual understand- tives of the principal allied and asso- riper ings, we shall advance to the realiza- ciated powers to consider the principles tion of such an ideal. I feel that and policies which shall govern in and your Educational is one of the most about the Pacific, is clear proof of the Congress means of fact that in the view of the President practical drawing these communities thus closer and thereof the United States the future peace together, fore have reasons to it of the world now turns on the settle- special wish well." ment of diffculties in the Pacific. If further proof of his interest in the Pa- Statement by Lloyd George cific were needed it would be in found In this connection I want also to the letter of which he sent greetings bring to your attention a statement to the to the Pan-Pacific Edu- delegates made by Lloyd George, uttered but a cational Conference which convened in few weeks ago, in discussion of the this in last. Let me read city August British-Japanese alliance. As quoted his letter : by the Associated Press, he said : "The Pan-Pacific Congress on Edu- "If the alliance with Japan could be cation soon te meet, has greatly ap- merged into a greater understanding pealed to my imagination, and 1 want with Japan and the United States on to express my hopes that it will be all problems of the Pacific, that would marked by a measure of success that be a great event, and it would be a will justify all the hopes that have guarantee for the peace of the world. been entertained for it. It seems onh The problems of today may be in the yesterday that we thought of the broad Atlantic. Yesterday they were in the Pacific as separating two unrelated German ocean, and they may pass to- worlds, now we have come to regard morrow into the Pacific and when they it as a world by itself, the greatest of do the powers that are most greatly neighborhoods, the romantic meeting concerned in the Pacific are America, place of East and West, where each Japan. China and the British Lmpire. other dis- merges into the and both These four great powers are primarily cover that at last the supreme interests concerned with having a complete un- of humanity are common to all men derstanding with regard to the Pacific. and races. Two-thirds of the earth's The surest way to make a success of 86 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

first of to united Ford has been much the any disarmament plan is, all. by Mr. arrive al an understanding upon the same as that which communities gen- Pacific." erally take toward projects of like char- Ex-President Roosevelt's Comment acter. At first the feeling was one of And may I not add also the words indifference and of incredulity. Then of the late President Roosevelt, speak- came a period characterized by an as a interest followed the full ing to this matter of the Pacific awakening by and the active of region of significance. endorsement support "The Mediterranean era died with local persons of the highest standing, the discovery of America; the Atlantic As to the nations and countries in era has reached the height of its de- and about the Pacific, Mr. Ford has the Pacific destined to secured for the Union from the velopment ; era, many chief administra- be the greatest, is just at dawn." endorsement of their Attitude of Press Congress of World tive officers and the permission to use This area which we are calling the their names as sponsors. Among these Pacific region, is so big and broad, countries are the following: The United so diversified in its peoples, its climate, States and Canada in North America; the it> industries; and we in turn may be New Zealand, Australia, Java, come so occupied with the minutiae of Philippines and Japan among the Pa- mir particular vocations that it is easy cific islands; and Siam and China on to fail to see the larger whole and con- the continent of Asia. sequently to fail to do our part in furthermore, such is the recognition bringing into harmonious relationship accorded the Pan-Pacific Union, that Mr. the divergent elements to be found Ford succeeded, through the assistance therein. The fact, however, that the of the Federal Bureau of Education and Press Congress of the World thought of the Pan-American Union, in having it important enough to meet here in the Department of State of the United Hawaii and that you have thought it States government, through its diplo- wise to organize a Pan-Pacific Press matic connections, extend to the gov- Conference to carry forward lines of ernments and self-governing colonies of work which have to do primarily with the Pacific, a formal invitation to send this region show unmistakably that you delegates to the Pan-Pacific Educational ire not blind to the need or to the pos- Conference held last August here in

sibilities. I lonolulu.

The Pan-Pacific Union Pan-Pacific Conferences Fourteen years ago this vision of a A year ago the leading scientists of Pacific region knit together in all of Pan- Pacific regions were convened here its parts and its interrelations by friend- by the Pan-Pacific Union in a confer- ly understanding came to Mr. Alexander ence of great success, held under the Hume Ford. Tike many other move- chairmanship of Dr. Herbert E. Greg- ments which have grown into powerful ory, Director of Bernice Puahi Bishop agencies for public welfare, the idea Museum, Honolulu. Last August, as

first found lodgment in the mind of a I have just stated, the Pan-Pacific >ingle individual who had the courage Union brought together seventy-five ex- and singleness of purpose to devote his perts in the general field of education entire time and energy to its promotion, under the chairmanship of Dr. David The attitude of Hawaii, itself, to- Starr Jordan. Copies of the proceed- wards the Pan-Pacific movement inaug- ings have just come from the press and FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 87

will be distributed among you. In organized a permanent Pan-Pacific August or September of next year it Press Conference to undertake to bring will bring to Honolulu in similar the peoples of the Pacific into closer fashion a group of the leaders of com- and better relationships through making merce and of business drawn from Pa- the way for the transmission and inter- cific regions. Other conferences of like change of information easier. While character are in prospect for succeed- maintaining its contact with the Press ing years, all of which are in line with Congress of the World you have ar- the thought with which I am sure you ranged to place it under the fostering will agree, that amity "and goodfellow- care of the Pan-Pacific Union. We ship among the races and nations of gladly accept this foster child under this great region will be conserved and the conditions which have been pro- stimulated by bringing together leaders posed and will give its nurture and in the different fields of human activity. growth our sympathetic and active All of this has, let me add, been ac- assistance and we hope that two or complished in fourteen years by the three years hence when the second meet- genius of one man and with the co- ing of the representatives of the press operation and help of a board of trus- of the Pacific is held that our child tees of very able and public-spirited will be a lusty and vigorous one with persons who have had faith in Mr. lungs and a voice sufficiently developed Ford and in the practicability and value to be heard by the governments of of his idea. the nations of the Pacific whose ears are sometimes a bit deaf. A Permanent Regional Press Conference Thus does the Pan-Pacific Union The educational conference recently seek to cooperate with any and all held here, with unanimity and much which attempt to make of the enthusiasm, recommended that the Tan- agencies region of the Pacific one wherein Pacific Union take up and carry for- the minds of all of our people shall be ward important investigations which it thoroughly saturated with the spirit proposed and lines of activity which it which Abram of old to say believes will minister to a better under- prompted to his nephew Lot when trouble was in standing among the Pacific nations. prospect : The Pan-Pacific Union gladly acceded to its request, and is expanding its ma- "Let there be no strife, I pray thee, chinery to serve as indicated. between me and thee, and between my This morning, as the heritage of the herdmen and thy herdmen, for we be Press Congress of the World, yon have brethren." ss FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Getting News In and Out of China

EC. P. Wang Associate Editor, the Shun Poo, Shanghai, China.

China is a country where the news- lished does not suit the taste of the read- as paper has not been fully developed ing public. In China, public organiza- the news releasers and the yet. Both tions, or even government bureaus, have readers have not understood news fully not adopted the policy and have not of news and the value good service, realized the advantage of releasing news hence the task of the news is gatherers to the papers from time to time ; and rather difficult one. as the a However, whatever they release for publication, if news field in China is so rich and abun- any, is either too formal and uninterest- and the whole of which dant, practically ing, or too brief and incomprehensible, is a conscientious and unexplored yet, and in majority of the cases, the news will find his work adventurous journalist gatherers for the papers have to go to be one of fasci- in China unsurpassed here and there to get materials to supple- nation and of unexhaustible inspiration. ment that released so that it can be It was only a few years ago that people rendered into readable and understand- of the country took journalism not as able matter. Many a time, news items a or a of profession profession public of public interest, the nature of which is But there is a service. today, already common and the significance of which is of who have group people, recognized not far-reaching, have to be withheld the of work in importance journalistic from publication by the authorities con- China and have resolved to devote their cerned, simply because they deal with life time to serve the public through their the government or government officials, and a number of them can pens; quite and as such, they should be regarded as be considered as real, and faith- genuine, secret to the public. It is also very ful who chose journalists, journalists common that meetings and gatherings of as their because journalism profession public organizations, or important move- have faith and love in the in- they value, ments conducted by public bodies, which terest and fascination of the work itself, by their nature possess tremendous news and not because take it as a means they value, would pass through without being to achieve a certain selfish aim for them- noticed and reported by the papers. As selves or for else. somebody a rule, people irt China do not notify the In spite of the fact that we have quite papers as to what they have done, they a number of real journalists in China, are doing, or they will do, and it is up yet the news service in the country to- to the papers to find out these doings day as a whole has not been proved themselves. The institution of getting satisfactory or efficient as it should be, an interview for publication from a cer- either because the news releasers would tain person is practically unknown to not give enough cooperation and assist Chinese, not because the reporters are ance in putting out news in a manner not on the job, but because the people that is most prompt and most readily, with whom the reporters interviewed do or because the news gathered and pub- not want publicity in that way. People FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 89

in China still hold the old virtue of educated people is so limited. The lit- and modesty, they do not wish to have erary style must be kept and emphasized

their names in the it" appear papers they throughout the whole paper, including can it, even if the the help appearance of in\\s columns. Chinese people will their names would do them good and not read a story which consists of facts

would give them fame and credit. ( Un- alone, with no opinions or comments in- people at home simply have not heen termingled. The more opinion the writer accustomed to that institution as vet. the puts into story, the more the story will be Then again, the nature of the news read; and papers giving the stories in and the style in which the news is writ- pure narrative style will not to readers ten have a great deal to do with the appeal and hence will not make success in China. success and popularity of the papers. any The Ameri- can of The stud)- of newspaper readers' psy- journalistic principle giving facts alone and no comments in the chology in China is a very interesting news columns can not be worked in one. The majority of newspaper sub- out China scribers there do not subscribe for the just now, and most likely will remain un- workable for a few decades to papers for the news of the day. but for come. The British of that : the so-called literary pages. The most way treating news, is editorial important feature for a newspaper to opinions intermixed with news have in China has been, and will con- stories, is a favorite type for the Chinese. tinue to be for the next few vears to However, the above picture only gives a come, these literary pages, pages contain- description of conditions existing in the ing not the news of the present moment, newspaper world of China at large, and but the news happenings of years ago, principle papers having their publica- pages not containing articles on current tions issued in newspaper centres like topics, but articles of literary value. Shanghai, Peking, Canton, Hankow, and Anecdotes concerning certain noted per- Tientsin are being conducted more or sons in the past are always more pre- less according to modern methods and ferred than telegraphic news telling principles. Let us discuss a few min- stories about the present day people who utes the ways through which these reside far away, or describing current papers are getting stories for their news events which happened in farther-off dis- columns. The papers in these newspaper tricts or countries. A few stanzas of centres, though still publishing literary poetry are much more welcomed by the pages and employing literary style for their readers than a few articles on political writings, are paving more and more or economic problems. Therefore, the attention to the importance and value main task of the news gatherers of the of getting news of the day. and by so majority of the papers in China today, doing, they are gradually introducing particularly of the papers in the interior into China principles of modern journal- parts of the country, is to gather news ism. Now. how do they get news? That not of the present, but of the past, be- is a question worth considering. Take cause that is the only way to keep the the Shanghai papers into consideration paper going, and that is also the only first, as the Shanghai papers are by far way to satisfy the subscribers. Then the the most advanced and progressive of style of writing must be strictly literary, all the papers in the country. Nearly all and no vulgar expressions can be toler- the papers in Shanghai employ special ated, as the Chinese are essentially a correspondents stationed in the different literary people, though the number of principal cities, who send in the bulk of 10 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. news to the editorial offices of their missioners, shipping and customs offi- and chamber of commerce home papers generally through postal cials. guilds administration. A few rich papers and of the city and also of other parts of the so that their source of financial papers of old standing provide a better country, the cor- news will never become exhausted. Be- facility for the public, however; sides these financial editors, there are respondents of these papers would send in the comparatively more important special reporters who are always ready for work news through telegraphic channels. As to be on the job any reporting news and news of a rule, the papers possessing facilities of at any time. Social telegraphic news are more popular to the human interest are abundant in Shang- readers than papers without such service, hai, and taken as a whole, Shanghai and the telegraphic news items them- papers generally put out good and inter- also been more of these selves have proved pop- esting news every day. A few other means, ular than items sent through papers are also conducting engraving are and The most highly paid correspondents an(j photographic departments, in and those who are stationed Peking, hence they have the advantage over other the merit, most of them deserve highest papers by issuing illustrated pages. In Peking is the greatest news centre in Shanghai, we have a special class of China, and as such, the responsibilities newspaper workers known as profes- the of the correspondents towards papers sional reporters. These professional re- are also of which they are representatives porters are not employees of any paper, the greatest. In Peking, where the seat nor are they employed by any news of China's national capital is situated, agency or news syndicate. They are a news items of all description and of all class by themselves. During the day nature are produced nearly every minute, they would go out and get whatever it takes men of calibre, clear the and ] big news t ie y ca n, and towards evening keen and learned far- - meet mind, judgment, ()] ]. lte ni t ] ie afternoon, they would to sort out all the news that houses sightedness together at certain appointed tea comes to him, to pick the true and good, or restaurants to talk over what each to send it back to their home and nas gathered in the day. They would papers. Correspondents stationed at exchange the news thus gathered, one other cities do not such an tise his play impor- NV j t h another, and each would tant as those at but render the materials thus part Peking, they Des t: style to also make valuable contributions to the exchanged into story form, and when papers from time to time. these stories are sent to the papers and their For local news, practically all Shang- published the next day, they get hai papers have good services, both by pay due to them from the papers in their own staff and by professional re- which their stories appear according to porters. As Shanghai is the commercial proper basis of valuation. centre of China. Shanghai papers give Next to Shanghai, we have another more commercial news of China than all city of great journalistic importance, the papers in the country combined, namely Peking. Peking is an important of Most of the papers have specials dealing city, not because of its abundance with economic news, and very often news, but because of its peculiarity of learned scholars are employed as finan- being a city of news agencies instead vial editors. These financial editors are of newspapers. There are upwards of in close and constant touch with the thirty news agencies in Peking, publish- leading merchants, bankers, trade coming news in Chinese, English, French, FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 91

Russian and Japanese languages, con- foreigners, they are operated with cer- ducted by peoples and organs of differ- tain definite purposes to achieve certain ent nationalities, including Chinese, definite objects. Most of them are of- American, British, French, Russian and ficial organs of foreign governments, and Japanese. It is these news agencies in- some of them are mouthpieces of big stead of newspapers, which are carrying foreign financial interests. Since the on the important function and duty of policy and .purpose of these agencies are getting the news. In fact many of the so diverged one from another, it is not newspapers in Peking do not have any uncommon that the news items issued by them are reporters of their own to run after news, contradictory. Very often, a British and whatever they published in the report about conditions in Rus- sia in morning is just reprinted from what- appearing today's paper has to be corrected a ever they have been supplied by the by Russian version tomor- news agencies the preceding evening, row. Still very often news sent out by Even some of the correspondents of Japanese agencies on U. S.-Japanese re- Shanghai papers at Peking have to de- lations can never be confirmed by Ameri- can pend upon these agencies for news, agencies. With the Chinese agencies even which can be secured by regular sub- they present more interesting phe- nomena than the scriptions. These reports are generally foreign agencies. One issued at 7 or 8 o'clock in the evening agency would send out, sometimes purely and soon after are distributed to various through manufacturing, a report about the unfavorable newspapers, all edited and ready for situation of the political with views print for next morning's paper. The party, whose and policies the can not subscription list is open to all persons issuing agency agree; another would who desire to get news one night earlier, agency publish something con- and as a rule, the subscription list of cerning entirely private affairs of an influential in the enemies and private persons of some of the agencies person camp ; still another would in is very long. By this way, the news agency put out its items agencies in Peking are taking the place reports absolutely untrue and detrimental the of evening papers, and many of them to interests of the op- have built up a reputable standing and position group. Of course, all these do hence become very influential. It is al- practices not appear every day, but the most invariably true that these news agencies certainly take them as their to defeat agencies are either run by political par- weapons people belonging to different belief and faith. ties or subsidized by certain political political figures, and it is therefore also invari- All these news agencies employ a cer- ably true that the news they issue is tain number of news gatherers to get tinged with political color or mixed material for publication. As it has been with personal element. Such being the said above, it is very seldom that the re- case, it is therefore rather hard for news- porters can get news through regular paper editors, if they want to use the way of release, the news agency report- service of these agencies, to distinguish ers in Peking have to resort to some between a real story and a yellow infor- other ways than regular. Generally these mation. to trace dividing lines of politi- reporters are alert and always on the cal and personal interests, and to select job, and the way they get their news is the right ones for publication. In case through making friends with govern- of foreign news agencies, that is, news ment employees, visiting parks, tea agencies supported and conducted by houses, theatres, and restaurants, and 92 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

frequenting other amusement places many a time misunderstanding about where the government employees go dur- China and Chinese affairs would arise, ing their leisure hours. Through con- and it is therefore sincerely hoped that versations with others and through hear- no foreign newspaper would send any ing others' conversations, these report- correspondent over to China, unless it is assured ers usually get good stories about what that he is fully equipped with a is going on in and around Peking, so- knowledge about China and thus fully cially as well as politically; and whoever qualified. secures the greatest number of friends Now just a word or two about sending and whoever secures the greatest number Chinese news abroad and getting for- of stories, he will be the most successful eign news into China. Both of these reporter in the long run. Such is the services are at present in the hands of fascinating life of news agency reporters foreigners. News about China is being in Peking, and such a fascinating life is dispatched to foreign lands by tele- probably unequaled anywhere else in graphic lines, submarine cables, or wire- the world. less transmission. Most of the materials are taken from the interviews and corre- With regard to the foreign journalists the manner in China, be they news agency reporters spondence acquired through as above described, and the rest of them or be they specially sent correspondents are secured translations from of some big and influential papers of for- through Chinese are mis- eign countries, the number of the latter papers. They usually and full of case is. by the way, very limited, their leading misinterpretations. < >n the other hand, news about life is an entirely different one. Their foreign countries comes the usual way of getting news is through di- generally through offices of news rect calls on the people from whom they foreign agencies. Only a few Chinese have their own want to get something and through cor- papers of respondence with people from whom correspondents abroad, though many the students in coun- they are anxious to learn something. It studying foreign have been con- is very strange to say that Chinese of- tries, including girls, tracted with to news home ficials and authorities are very willing to dispatch by some of the grant interviews to foreign newspaper- papers. men, and to answer the questions put to Practically a hundred per cent of the them by the foreign correspondents, Chinese papers take in foreign news though such interviews are as a rule very items and publish them as they are sup- formal and uninteresting, and though plied by the responsible foreign news such answers given are generally too in- agencies. Sometimes home correspon- direct and not to the point. To an expert dence appearing in foreign newspapers foreign correspondent, who has been in in China is also translated by the I 1) ina for many years, such interviews vernacular papers for publication. In and answers would not be regarded as both cases, the news thus published is good and fit for print, until he puts a lot not of the first hand value, and generally of finishing touches to them by his not the kind of news tit for Chinese knowledge of Chinese people and Chi- readers. It is therefore strongly urged nese affairs; but an inexperienced one. that neither newspapers of foreign coun- who just came over, is liable to use them tries nor Chinese newspapers at home as they have been given to him, possibly should feel satisfied with the foreign coupled with wrong interpretations of his news service which they are getting and own. It is through this latter case that both of them should send out corre- FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 93

is will be spondents of their own to get whatever Congress trying to realize, news they want, which can be taken by realized in the near future, so that coun- the readers as trustworthy and reliable. tries, at least countries bordering on the Such is a brief survey of news service Pacific Ocean, can be better acquainted in China, and the conditions as now pre- one with another, and the news service and vailing arc certainly unsatisfactory between them can be better handled. inefficient. We want and improvement These are what modern journalists in and we want to better these progress, China are looking for from the Press conditions. We are now only hoping Congress of the World, and particularly that the cable rate, which the Press Con- from the Pan-Pacific Press Congress. of the World has been gress energetically We have only a handful of journalists will be discussing, eventually reduced, in China who deserve to be called as so that of China and of for- newspapers journalists, and unless the journalists of countries can afford to send corre- eign the world, particularly Pan-Pacific jour- to do some real spondents correspon- nalists, will be willing to help and as- dence work between China and other sist us, we can not expect to remedy the countries, which is so needed, and badly present journalistic condition in China, we are also hoping now that an inter- which is so undeveloped and behind time. national news agency, properly managed in a short time. Will the journalists of and conducted with honest and straight the world, and of the Pan-Pacific coun- purposes, which the Pan-Pacific Press tries help and assist us ? "4 FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE.

Closing Words to the Pan-Pacific Press Conference

By Alexander Hume Pord Pi rector Pan-Pacific Union

The Pan-Pacific Union stands for foreign journals, and, alas, all is not service. Honolulu is the service station well. of the Pacific. Here I have met at one Men wish to do that which is right, time at the Conference table the pre- and if it is not too difficult they will do miers of three Pacific countries and this the right thing always. It seems to me, not by meditation, but by the accident therefore, that it is the duty of this of the arrival of their steamers the body to make it easy for the journalists same day from three different Pacific of the Pacific to learn the truth about countries. This would not be likely to one another's countries, especially the happen anywhere else, and it is because pleasant, uplifting and encouraging of such frequent happenings, bringing truths. in Honolulu the men together leading You have accepted by resolution the different of thought and action from services of the Pan-Pacific Union and I Pacific countries, that this was city feel that its chief object should now selected a dozen at the First years ago be to aid in disseminating among all Pan-Pacific Convention, as the meeting countries of the Pacific the truth about for future Pan-Pacific Confer- place the conditions concerning each and the ences. actual modes of living and being of The Pan-Pacific Union is calling a their peoples. If we can establish here series of Conferences of the leading- at the ocean crossroads a clearing house men in all lines of thought and action of accurate information; if from this in the Pacific. It realizes that without central station we can send in every the cooperation and thought of the direction the cable and wireless items press it is powerless to go forward. that are dropped here, it will be splen- The press of the Pacific is today the did for Pacific journalism. I believe greatest educational force and the great- that here in Honolulu men of experi- est force for moral uplift in the whole ence in press matters would know best world. as to the items of news that each Pa- In some of our Pacific lands the cific country would wish flashed for- to it and if the Pan-Pacific newspapers pride themselves upon the ward Union can serve in such a central fact that they disseminate the truth, establishing news and or- that no interview is printed until it has gathering disseminating the approval of the man interviewed. ganization its force is at your disposal in All that would be The truthfulness of these papers in the attempt. it a success will be local matters is astonishing, especially needed to make to the American, but when these same your cooperation. papers speak of other countries of the It is for the Executive Committee Pacific it is impossible for them to now of the Pan-Pacific Press Confer- verify their information. They publish ence to cooperate with the Pan-Pacific what is sent to them and copy from Union to establish the service that you FIRST PAN-PACIFIC PRESS CONFERENCE. 95

desire and to set the countries and of Pacific lands may be brought about peoples of the Pacific press of the in which case it may be well to hold world in their true light. a second Pan-Pacific Press Conference The President of the Tress Congress as the leading newspaper men of the of the World has suggested that a Pan- Pacific would undoubtedly visit Hono- Pacific School of Journalism he estab- lulu on that occasion. lished here at the ocean crossroads. The Pan- Pacific Union is seeking to The Pan-Pacific Union will gladly co- get the leading men of all lines of operate with Dean Walter Williams and thought and action in Pacific lands in the journalists of the Pacific who are personal touch with one another. We looking forward to such an inter-racial have brought together the leading journalistic school. scientists of the Pacific and they are The proceedings of this Pan-Pacific well organized in a body that will carry Press Conference, a hook of about one on and meet again. The same is true hundred pages, will be printed and. pub- of the educators and now also of the lished immediately and wc trust that press men of the Pacific. Next will be within a week several hundred copies the gathering of the leading business will be on their way to Washington giants of Pacific lands. There was once where the Disarmament Conference is a saying among business men that there about to open its sessions. It has been is no friendship in business, but this is intimated that the views expressed by no longer a truism. The Pan-Pacific the journalists of the Pacific, may have Union holds that there should be no a valuable bearing at this time in Wash- business but friendship, and this will ington. come true. It may be that an informal conference I cannot but be grateful for the kind- of the press men of the Pacific will be ly expressions that some of the speak- held in Washington, as there will be a ers have voiced concerning my personal quorum of the Trustees of the Pan- part in the work of the Pan-Pacific Pacific Union in that city during the Union. I am grateful because it has Disarmament Conference. It has been made me certain that you go back to suggested that at the Pan-Pacific Com- your homes in perfect assurance that mercial Conference, to be held in Hono- whatever the Pan-Pacific Union can do lulu next September, that there be a to serve you between your meetings, section composed of the owners of to aid you in making a permanent suc- newspapers and publications in Pacific cess of your Pan-Pacific Congress body lands. This matter will be taken up that it will do. We have asked for and duly considered. If, as it is hoped, your cooperation and you have accepted the President of the United States will ours. In whatever manner you wish us be with us in Hawaii next September, to be of service to you it is but for it may be possible that an informal you to call upon us and I trust you will conference of presidents and premiers call upon us for we are here to serve. HONOLULU STAR-BULLETIN, LTD. HR

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