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The Use of Endoscopy in Diagnosis and Treatment of a Horse with Rhinoestrus Spp

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The Use of Endoscopy in Diagnosis and Treatment of a Horse with Rhinoestrus Spp Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine. Vol. LXIV (1), 2018 ISSN 2065-1295; ISSN 2343-9394 (CD-ROM); ISSN 2067-3663 (Online); ISSN-L 2065-1295 Schneemilch C., A. Ittenson, S. Ansorge, T. REFFERENCES Hachemberg, U. Bank, 2005. Effect of 2 anesthetic THE USE OF ENDOSCOPY IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Ahmed W., N. Hamdi, 2012. Effects of different techniques on the postoperative proinflammatory and nesthetic techniques on inflammatory cytokines anti-inflammatory cytokine response and cellular OF A HORSE WITH RHINOESTRUS SPP. response and T-lymphocyte subsets in patients immune function to minor surgery. Journal of clinical undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Ain shams anaesthesia, 17, 7, 517-27. Cătălin MICȘA, Andrei TĂNASE, Alexandra PETEOACĂ, Andreea ISTRATE, Schneemilch C., U. Bank, 2001. Pro and anti- journal of anesthesiology, 5, 1, 38-44. Kassem HOUSHAIMY, Alexandru SONEA Dinarello C., 2000. Proinflammatory cytokines. inflammatory cytokine release in plasma of patients Chest,118, 2, 503-508. under different anesthetic techniques. Anesthesia Gaylord H., B. Simpson, 1916. The effect of certain ranimat, 26,1, 4-10. University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăști Blvd, anestheticsand loss of blood upon the growth of Sheeran P., G. Hall, 1997. Cytokines in anaesthesia. Br District 1, Bucharest, România transplanted mouse cancer. Cancer Res. 1, 379-386. j anaesthesia, 78, 201–19. Graham E., 1911. The Influence of Ether and Ether Wan Y., J. Xu, D. Ma, Y. Zeng, M. Cibelli, M. Maze, 2007. Postoperative impairment of cognitive function Corresponding author email: [email protected] Anesthesia on Bacteriolysis, Agglutination, and Phagocytosis The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8, 2, in rats - a possible role for cytokine-mediated inflammation in the hippocampus. Anesthesiology, Abstract 147-175 106, 436-443. Kent S., R. Bluthe, R. Dantzer, A. Hardwick, K. Kelley, Background: Larvae of Rhinoestruspurpureus (Diptera: Oestridae) are known to cause nasal myiasis in domestic and Xu Wu, Yan Lu, Zhongcong Xie, 2012. The inhalation N. Rothwell, J. Vannice, 1992. Different receptor wild animals such as equines, giraffes and rhinos, and can also affect humans. anesthetic isoflurane increases levels of mechanisms mediate the pyrogenic and behavioral Case description: This paper report the case of a 4-year-old Thoroughbred breed horse that was admitted in the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. effects of interleukin 1.PNAS,89, 19, 9117–9120. veterinary hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Perugia, Italy. The horse was presented with inflammation Neurobiol. Aging, 33,7, 1364-1378. Mahdy A., H. Galley, M. AbdeĺWahed, K. of the nasal cavities causing dyspnoea, sneezing, coughing and typical nasal discharge. Zhang L., J. Zhang, L. Yang, Y. Dong, Y. Zhang, Z. ́ Methods: A flexible endoscope was used to check the nasal cavities of the horse and the presence of parasitic larvae El Korny, S. Sheta, N. Webster, 2002. Differential Xie, 2013. Isoflurane and sevoflurane increase was determined inside. After the parasitological examination, the larvae found was identified as Rhinoestruspurpureus. modulation of interleukiń6 and interleukiń10 by interleukin-6 levels through the nuclear factor-kappa Results: Clinical signs were resolved within 6 days after 3 intranasally endoscopic administrations of Clotrimazol, diclofenac in patients undergoing major surgery.Br. J. B pathway in neuroglioma cells. Br janaesth., 110, 1, Anaesth., 88, 6, 797-802. increasing the outcome due to local administration of the substance of choice. 82-91. Conclusion: This case report reveals the fact that flexible endoscope can be used for a better diagnosis and treatment. Sanders R., M. Maze, 2010. Neuroinflammation and Zlateva N., B. Aminkov, 2014. Comparative studies on postoperative cognitive dysfunction: can anaesthesia blood ACTH, cortisol, adrenaline, insulin and be therapeutic? European journal of anaesthesiology, glucose in ovariohysterectomized cats anesthetized Keywords: Endoscopy, equines, Rhinoestruspurpureus 27, 3-5. with isoflurane alone or combined with butorphanol and meloxicam. Revue Méd. Vét., 165, 5-6, 183-187. INTRODUCTION causes severe respiratory diseases (Di Marco et al.2001). Rhinoestruspurpureus and R. Larvae causing obligatory myiasis are usbekistanicus cause inflammation of the nasal numerous and they may affect cutaneous and cavities, sinuses and pharynx, thus inducing subcutaneous tissues, wounds, nasopharyngeal sneezing, coughing and dyspnoea. Damage to cavities (nasal bots), internal organs and the the olfactory nerves, encephalomyelitis due to digestive tract (bots) of domestic and wild the penetration of the ethmoid bone and of the animals and humans as well. Nasal bots belong soft cerebral membrane and lesions of the to the Family Oestridae, Subfamily Oestrinae, upper respiratory tract and lungs may also which includes several important genera: occur (Clayton et al.2005). Oestrus and Rhinoestrus infecting horses, Even though myiasis caused by Rhinoestrus Cephalopina infecting camels (Akeurin 1945). larvaeare thought to be confined to Asiatic and Nasal bots are widespread in Mediterranean Africancountries, recently it has been reported and tropical areas and in affected animals they in Europe, specifically in southern Italy. The induce sneezing and nasal discharge which may use of the endoscope in the diagnosis of equine become caked with dust making breathing very rhinoestrosisin live animals is very useful, difficult. The mentioned species of larvae are since, when present, larvaeare very difficult to host-specific but sometimes they may be retrieve in the pharynx without an endoscope. deposited in human eyes inducing a painful Serological methods for the diagnosis of equine opthalmomyiasis of short duration. rhinoestrosis are not available and therefore it Larvae of the flies belonging to the genus can be achieved only by the postmortem Rhinoestrus (Diptera: Oestridae) cause nasal examination (Otranto et al.2003) myiases of domestic and wild animals such as This paper describes concisely the use of the equids, giraffes and rhinos (Colwell et. al flexibile endoscope for a diagnosis of nasal 2006). The myiasis caused by larvae of myiasis by Rhinoestrusspp. in a horse and a Rhinoestruspurpureus and better treatment due to local administration of Rhinoestrususbekistanicus (Diptera, Oestridae) the substance. are of importance in the horse medicine since it 71 MATERIALS AND METHODS saline solution 0.9% NaCl. Subsequently the This case report presents an uncomplicated Unfortunately, a standard approach to the clotrimazole emulsion was instilled into the diagnosis of a rather minimal guttural pouch treatment of guttural pouch myiasis does not This paper report the case of a 4-year-old other guttural pouch and the catheter was mycosis with a large impact on the quality of exist (Greet 1987). In this case, we choose a Thoroughbred breed horse that was admitted in removed. life of a 4-year-old horse. topical therapy with a 2% clotrimazole the veterinary hospital of the Faculty of Guttural pouch myiasis is a rare, globally emulsion, which led to an excellent recovery of Veterinary Medicine in Perugia, Italy, with a RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS widespread, fungal disease with no the mucosa lying with no signs of history of anorexia and lethargy for about 2 predispositions to age, gender, breed, or inflammation. The instillation of this emulsion weeks. The horse was presented with The results of the probe we took from the regional origin. However, it does appear more had two advantages. Firstly Canesten® Gynd is inflammation of the nasal cavities causing guttural pouches and gave for a parasitological often in stabled than in pastured horses, specifically made for mucosa-associated fungal dyspnoea, sneezing, coughing and typical examination came positive for Rhinoestrus spp. especially during the warm months of the year. infections and secondly due to its consistency it nasal discharge. The horse was in poor (fig. 1). Bad general condition, immunodeficiency, sticks to the wall of the guttural pouch leading condition and often lethargic with weight lost. inflammation, or defects of the mucosal barrier to a more effective, long-lasting therapy. A It had poor appetite, abdominal pain and can be initiating factors. very likely explanation is that clotrimazole is a suffered from lack of proper nourishment. The Complications of acute respiratory distress and broad-spectrum, topical, nonsystemic, horse had clumps of eggs on legs, belly and aspiration pneumonia were conceivable. An antifungal drug. mouth and the horse was seen often licking indication for a thoracic radiograph was given, those areas. The horse was seen rubbing his but due to money restrictions we refrained from CONCLUSIONS face of nearby objects and biting objects to this. The evaluation of a thoracic radiograph relieve irritation in mouth which had ulcers. It would have emphasized the clinical findings, The clinical symptom of dyspnoea, sneezing, also presented spontaneous snorting, puffing but would not have influenced the therapy and coughing and nasal discharge always requires a and coughing. prognosis effectively. The treatment of guttural close investigation of the upper respiratory tract Heart and respiratory rate were within normal pouch myiasis can be attempted by using and both guttural pouches. Management is limits. Auscultation of the heart and abdomen topical and/or systemic antifungal medication. difficult and a standard
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