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The following Test Chart is presented in the "American Metric" format (exceptions as noted.)

BLOOD TEST REFERENCE RANGE CHART

Test Reference Range (conventional units*)

17 Hydroxy 0.06-3.0 mg/L progesterone (Men)

17 Hydroxy 0.2-1.0 mg/L progesterone (Women) Follicular phase

25-hydroxy vitamin 8-80 ng/mL D (25(OH)D)

Acetoacetate <3 mg/dL

Acidity (pH) 7.35 - 7.45

Alcohol 0 mg/dL (more than 0.1 mg/dL normally indicates intoxication) (ethanol)

Ammonia 15 - 50 µg of nitrogen/dL

Amylase 53 - 123 units/L

Ascorbic Acid 0.4 - 1.5 mg/dL

Bicarbonate 18 - 23 mEq/L ( content)

Bilirubin Direct: up to 0.4 mg/dL Total: up to 1.0 mg/dL

Blood Volume 8.5 - 9.1% of total body weight

Calcium 8.2 - 10.6 mg/dL (normally slightly higher in children)

Carbon Dioxide 35 - 45 mm Hg Pressure

Carbon Monoxide Less than 5% of total

CD4 Count 500 - 1500 cells/µL

Ceruloplasmin 15 - 60 mg/dL

Chloride 98 - 106 mEq/L

Complete Blood Cell Tests include: hemoglobin, , mean Count (CBC) corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, , count, count Please click each to view an individual test value.

Copper Total: 70 - 150 µg/dL

Creatine Kinase (CK Male: 38 - 174 units/L or CPK) Female: 96 - 140 units/L

Creatine Kinase 5% MB or less Isoenzymes

Creatinine 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL

Electrolytes Test includes: , chloride, , , Please click each to view an individual test value.

Erythrocyte Male: 1 - 13 mm/hr Sedimentation Rate Female: 1 - 20 mm/hr (ESR or Sed-Rate)

Glucose Tested after fasting: 70 - 110 mg/dL

Hematocrit Male: 45 - 62% Female: 37 - 48%

Hemoglobin Male: 13 - 18 gm/dL Female: 12 - 16 gm/dL

Iron 60 - 160 µg/dL (normally higher in males)

Iron-binding 250 - 460 µg/dL Capacity

Lactate () Venous: 4.5 - 19.8 mg/dL Arterial: 4.5 - 14.4 mg/dL

Lactic 50 - 150 units/L Dehydrogenase

Lead 40 µg/dL or less (normally much lower in children)

Lipase 10 - 150 units/L

Zinc B-Zn 70 - 102 µmol/L

Lipids:

Cholesterol Less than 225 mg/dL (for age 40-49 yr; increases with age)

Triglycerides 10 - 29 53 - 104 mg/dL years

30 - 39 55 - 115 mg/dL years

40 - 49 66 - 139 mg/dL years

50 - 59 75 - 163 mg/dL years

60 - 69 78 - 158 mg/dL years

> 70 83 - 141 mg/dL years

Liver Function Tests include (total), phosphatase Tests (alkaline), protein (total and albumin), (alanine and aspartate), prothrombin (PTT) Please click each to view an individual test value.

Magnesium 1.9 - 2.7 mEq/L

Mean Corpuscular 27 - 32 pg/cell Hemoglobin (MCH)

Mean Corpuscular 32 - 36% hemoglobin/cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Mean Corpuscular 76 - 100 cu µm Volume (MCV)

Osmolality 280 - 296 mOsm/kg water

Oxygen Pressure 83 - 100 mm Hg

Oxygen Saturation 96 - 100% (arterial)

Phosphatase, 0 - 3 units/dL (Bodansky units) (acid) Prostatic

Phosphatase 50 - 160 units/L (normally higher in infants and adolescents) (alkaline)

Phosphorus 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL (inorganic)

Platelet Count 150,000 - 350,000/mL

Potassium 3.5 - 5.4 mEq/L

Prostate-Specific 0 - 4 ng/mL (likely higher with age) Antigen (PSA)

Proteins:

Total 6.0 - 8.4 gm/dL

Albumin 3.5 - 5.0 gm/dL

Globulin 2.3 - 3.5 gm/dL

Prothrombin (PTT) 25 - 41 sec

Pyruvic Acid 0.3 - 0.9 mg/dL

Red Blood Cell 4.2 - 6.9 million/µL/cu mm Count (RBC)

Sodium 133 - 146 mEq/L

Thyroid-Stimulating 0.5 - 6.0 µ units/mL Hormone (TSH)

Transaminase:

Alanine (ALT) 1 - 21 units/L

Aspartate (AST) 7 - 27 units/L

Urea Nitrogen 7 - 18 mg/dL (BUN)

BUN/ 5 - 35 Ratio

Uric Acid Male 2.1 to 8.5 mg/dL (likely higher with age)

Female 2.0 to 7.0 mg/dL (likely higher with age)

Vitamin A 30 - 65 µg/dL

WBC (leukocyte 4.3-10.8 × 103/mm3 count and white Blood cell count)

White Blood Cell 4,300 - 10,800 cells/µL/cu mm Count (WBC)

In Blood testing, exact measurement of results is necessary. The measurement in laboratory tests must be the same every time and in every place. Your must be able to rely on a known and accepted standard. Different units of measure are used depending on the substance being measured. Normally, in Blood laboratory testing the metric system is used to measure mass, volume, and length. Grams are the standard to express measurement of mass, the amount of matter in an object (similar to weight which is affected by gravity.) Liters are the standard to express measurement of volume, the amount of space that an object occupies. Meters are the standard to express measurement of length.

One great convenience of the metric is that it is based on multiples of 10. Another is that it is accepted universally around the world. This is the way that Blood is measured.

Prefixes, indicating which multiple of 10 is meant, can be attached to the basic unit, such as meter (m), liter (L), or gram (gm), to help make a number more readable and more easily understood. Commonly used prefixes include kilo (k), deci (d), centi (c), milli (m), and micro (µ).

Other units of measure communicate different measured properties of a substance. For example, a mole (mol) is the number of particles (molecules) in a substance. Regardless of the substance, 1 mole always expresses a number equivalent to the exact same number of particles. However, the number of grams in 1 mole may vary greatly from substance to substance. One mole equals the molecular (atomic) weight of a substance in grams. For example, the molecular weight of calcium is 40, and 1 mole of calcium equals 40 grams. Osmoles (Osm) and milliosmoles (mOsm) refer to the number of particles in a specific amount of liquid. Equivalents (Eq) and milliequivalents (mEq) measure a substance's ability to combine with another substance. A milliequivalent is roughly equivalent to a milliosmole.

Formulas are used to convert a measurement from one unit to another. The same amount can be expressed in terms of different units. For example, the concentration of calcium in the Blood is normally about 10 milligrams in a deciliter (mg/dL), 2.5 millimoles in a liter (mmol/L), or 5 milliequivalents in a liter (mEq/L).

In the United States, Blood laboratories use a different version of the metric system than does most of the rest of the world, which uses the Systeme Internationale (SI). In some cases translation between the two systems is simple. The difference between the two systems is most noticeable in the measurement of chemical concentration. The American system generally uses mass per unit volume, while the Systeme Internationale uses moles per unit volume. Since mass per mole varies with the molecular weight of the substance being analyzed, conversion between American and Systeme Internationale units requires many different conversion factors.

listed below - the unit of measure abbreviations k = kilo d = deci c = centi m = milli

µ = micro

< = less than

> = greater or more than m = meter

L = liter dl = deciliter gm = gram mg = milligram cells/mcl = cells per microliter gm/dl = grams per deciliter pg/cell = picograms per cell mol = mole mmol = millimole

Osm = Osmoles

mOsm = milliosmoles

Eq = Equivalents

mEq = milliequivalent

IU = International Unit

INR = International Normalized Ratio

sec = seconds (time)

APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS CHART

1 teaspoonful = 5 ml

1/4 grain = 15 mg

1 tablespoonful = 15 ml

1/2 grain = 30 mg

1 grain = 60 mg

1.5 grains = 100 mg

5 grains = 300 mg

10 grains = 600 mg

Common Lab Values

These are just a few of the reference lab values for adults that the technician may have to look up for the pharmacist. These normal ranges are for reference only. The laboratory doing the tests will provide normal ranges for the results provided.

Serum Plasma

Albumin 3.2–5 g/dL 19–25 mEq/L Calcium 8.6–10.3 mg/dL Chloride 98–108 mEq/L Creatinine 0.5–1.4 mg/dL 80–120 mg/dL Hemoglobin, glycoslated 4–8% Magnesium 1.6–2.5 mg/dL Potassium 3.5–5.2 mEq/L Sodium 134–149 mEq/L nitrogen (BUN) 7–20 mg/dL

Cholesterol:

Total <200 mg/dL

LDL 65–170 mg/dL

HDL 40–60 mg/dL

Triglycerides 45–150 mg/dL

Liver Enzymes:

GGT Male 11–63 International Unit/L Female 8–35 International Unit/L

SGOT (AST) <35 International Unit/L

SGPT (ALT) <35 International Unit/L

CBC:

Hgb (hemoglobin) Male 13.5–16.5 g/dL Female 12.0–15.0 g/dL

Hct (hematocrit or “crit”) Male 41–50 mL/dL Female 36–44 mL/dL

WBC with differential 4.5–11.0 X 103 per microliter

Basic metabolic panel (BMP):

Consists of an panel, plus: (BUN), which a measure of renal function. Creatinine (Creat), which also measures renal function Glucose, the most important blood sugar, and Calcium. Run on or plasma

Hemogram (CBC):

Also known as (CBC) and is run on whole blood. Blood is tested for quantity and quality of different blood cell types, including: White Blood Cells (WBC Count) Red Blood Cells (RBC Count) (Platelet Count) Blood is also tested for hemoglobin & hematocrit (H&H).

Electrolytes panel (Lytes):

Blood is tested for the most important electrolytes (salts): Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Chloride (Cl) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Can be run on serum or plasma.

Obstetric panel:

CBC B surface antigen , rubella

Syphilis test (RPR) Antibody screen , Rh and ABO