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Ghana Study Tour ARB Apex Bank Ltd and Rural Financial Service Project 103499 Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Study Tour Proceedings Internal Use Only March 2007 Ghana Study Tour ARB Apex Bank Ltd and Rural Financial Service Project March 26 – 30, 2007 Public Disclosure Authorized Accra, Ghana Romeo Esangga, STC Consultant, Rural Finance, ARD Jonathan Agwe, Research Analyst, ARD Renate Kloeppinger-Todd, Rural Finance Advisor, ARD Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone 202-473-1000 Internet www.worldbank.org/rural E-mail [email protected] All rights reserved. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. The material in this work is for the use of World Bank staff for official business only. Table of Content List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. ii List of Figures................................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................iii Executive Summary....................................................................................................................... iv 1. Retrospective on Rural Banking in Ghana.................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Regulatory and Legal Environment for Ghana’s Banking System....................................... 2 1.3 Restructuring in the Ghanaian Rural Banking System ......................................................... 3 1.4 Ghana’s Rural Banks, their Social Responsibilities and Impact on Rural Development ..... 3 1.5 Group Borrowing in Ghanaian Rural Banking: An Acceptable Collateral .......................... 5 1.6 The Association of Rural Banks (ARBs) in Ghana: Serving the “Unbanked” and the “Underbanked” ........................................................................................................................... 5 2. The Association of Rural Banks (ARB) Apex Bank .................................................................. 6 2.1 Supportive Political/Legislative Enabling Environment Makes ARB Apex Bank A Mini Central Bank ............................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 ARB Apex Bank’s Mission and Functions........................................................................... 7 2.3 Financial Highlights of the ARB Apex Bank ....................................................................... 7 2.4 Accomplishments of the ARB Apex Bank ........................................................................... 8 2.5 ARB Apex Bank and Cross Fertilization.............................................................................. 9 2.6 Challenges faced by ARB Apex Bank................................................................................ 10 3. The Rural Financial Services Project (RFSP)........................................................................... 11 3.1 Overview............................................................................................................................. 11 3.2 The Aim of RSFP................................................................................................................ 11 3.3 Objectives of RFSP............................................................................................................. 11 3.4 Specific RSFP Achievements ............................................................................................. 12 3.5 FRSP’s Financing Plan ....................................................................................................... 12 4. ARB Apex Bank/RFSP Joint Deliverables: Issues of Special Interest..................................... 13 4.1 Nationwide Technology Platform for Computerizing Ghanaian Rural Banks................... 13 4.1.1 Expanding Rural Finance Outreach............................................................................ 13 4.1.2 Benefits and Beneficiaries of the National Technology Platform................................ 14 4.1.3 Accomplishments and Achievements of the National Technology Platform................ 15 4.2 The ARB Apex Bank Capacity Building/Training Program .............................................. 16 4.3 Efficiency Monitoring by ARB Apex Bank ....................................................................... 17 4.4 Banking Operations of ARB Apex Bank............................................................................ 17 5. Lessons learned from the ARB Apex Bank with its Network of Rural Banks......................... 17 6. Recommendations for the ARB Apex Bank and its Network of Rural Banks ......................... 19 7. Alphabetical List of Presenters with Presentation Titles .......................................................... 20 7.1 ARB Apex Banking System Presentations......................................................................... 20 7.2 Presentations on Experiences of Study Tour Participants .................................................. 21 8. Annexes..................................................................................................................................... 22 A - Presentations Profiling the Ghanaian Rural Banking System ............................................ 22 B - Study Tour Participants Sharing their Country Microfinance Experiences........................ 46 i C - Field Trip – Group I Encounters......................................................................................... 55 D - Field Trip – Group II Encounters ....................................................................................... 66 9. List of Participants .................................................................................................................... 92 List of Tables Table 1: Number of Ghanaian Rural Bank Offices, 2001 and 2006.............................................. 4 Table 2: Growth of the Rural Banks - Financial Indicators of RCBS ............................................ 4 Table 3: Donors to RFSP .............................................................................................................. 13 List of Figures Figure 1: ARB Apex Bank – Wide Area Network (WAN).......................................................... 14 ii Acknowledgements The Agriculture and Rural Development Department’s Rural Finance Team, organizers of the study tour, wishes to express its gratitude to Ghana’s Association of Rural Banks (ARB) Apex Bank’s management and staff, especially to Mr. Emmanuel Kwapong, Managing Director of the ARB Apex Bank. Their invaluable support and all their efforts in organizing a superb agenda made this study tour a great learning experience for all participants. Special thanks to Mr. Daniel Asare Mintah of the Bank of Ghana, and Ms. Patience Mensah (Senior Economist) and the other colleagues from the Ghana World Bank Office, for their great assistance with logistics, immigration and customs arrangements, workshop organization, and for leading two successful field trips. Special thanks also to all volunteers who assisted in taking proceedings during the field trip: Romeo Esangga, Christiane Kuhn, Medhat Massoud, Fumiko Nakai, Pierre Olivier Colleye, Sandra Broka, Lucie Tran Houng-Giang, Cherine Samir El Sayed, Yewande Olaopa, Essam AdelRahim Ali, Gamini Batuwitage, Tawfiq z.n. Al jáafreh, Jonathan Agwe, and John W. Fraser Stewart. We also profoundly thank the management and staff of all the rural banks and other institutions that were visited for taking time out of their busy schedules to participate in and contribute to the study tour. Their presentations and the follow-up discussions were very insightful and helpful in providing a comprehensive picture of the overall effort to succeed in reforming the rural financial system in Ghana. iii Executive Summary In March 2007, a team1 of 27 finance practitioners
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