From: Angela M. Kelsey Attorney-Adviser Division of Indian Affairs Office of the soricitor Tel. (202) 219-2407 Fax {202) 219-1791or (2021 219-0559
To: John Farrell, Esquire Assistant State'& Attorney-De Kalb County Tel. {815) 895-7164 Fax (815) 895-7101
Subject: Please find attached a brief explanation of the three treaties we discussed. Attached are copies of the treaties of 1829, 1832, and 1833. The book, Built Uke a Bear, was written by an amateur historian, James Dowd. is a biography of Chief Shab-eh-nay.
Received by the State's Attorney's Office August 04, 2006 The United lribes ofOttawas, Chippewas, and Potawatomls residing on the Illinois and Milwaukee Rivers and their waters, as well as the southwestern parts of Lake Michigan', entered into a treaty offriendship with the United States on August 24, 1816, 7 Stat. 146. Article 1 of the Treaty ofAugust 24, 1816 provided that the United Tribes would relinquish to the United States all rights, claim, and title to the northem portion of those lands in northwestern Illinois which the United States acquired by cession from the United Sac and Fox Tribes in the Treaty of November 3, 1804, 7 Stat. 84. Article 2 ofthe Treaty of August 24, 1816 provided that the United States relinquish its interest in the soutfiern portion ofthe United Sac and Fox cession of 1804 to the United Tribes.
A few years later, the United Nations ofChippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians of the waters ofthe Illinois, Milwaukee, and Manltoouck Rivers ceded their lands around the soulhem shore of Lake Michigan and in northern Illinois to the United States in the Treaty of Prairie du Chien of July 29, 1829,.7 Stat 320. Article 3 of this treaty provided that the lands of three chiefs and their bands would be excepted from the cession. One ofthe three chiefs was Shab-eh-nay, a prominent leader among the Potawatomi, who received two sections {1,280 acres) at his village near Paw Paw Grove, Illinois. Shab eh--nay and his band received reoognized ortreaty title to the Reservation in the Treaty ofPrairie du Ghien because the United states had conveyed recognized title to the United Tlibes in the Treaty of 1816. The lands which were not conveyed to the United States in 1829 maintained the status acquired in 1816, i.e. recognized ortreaty title.
As Its non-Indian population increased, the United States bought more land from the tribes in Ohio, Michigan, Illinois. Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota to sell to non Indian settlers. As part of its effort to remove all Indian tribes from Illinois, the United States purchased tribal lands and began to settle the Indian population of Illinois on reservations west.of the Mississippi. Additional treaties ceding tribal lands were negotiated with the Potawatomi bands and other tribes In-the 1830's. "The treaties which are significant with regard to the Prairie Band of Potawatomi's claim to the Shab eh-nay Band Reservation are the Treaty of October 20, 1832, 7 Stat. 378, which was s'igned at Tippecanoe, and the Treaty of September 26, 1833, 7 Stat. 431, which was signed at Chicago.
The T ,eaty of October 20, 1832, which Is sometimes referred to as the Treaty of Tippecanoe, contained cesf!ions of land bythe Potawatomi Tribe of Indians ofthe Prairie and Kankakee to the United States. Artide 2 of the treaty provided that several tracts for individuals would be excluded from the cession. Among the areas excluded was a tract oftwo sections (1,280 acres) for Sho-bon-ier at his village. St\o-bon-ier, who was French and Potawatomi, was a less prominent chief than Shab-eh-nay. Because he was half French, Sho-bon-ier was referred to in some contemporary documents as Chevalier.~Article 4 required the United States to pay money to a number of individuals for the loss of their horses. Among those receiving such payments was Sho-bon-ier.
1 The United Tribes of Ottawas, Chippewas, and Potawatomis were designated the United Nations of Chippewa, Ottawa. and Potawatomi Indians in subsequent treaties with the United States. This treaty was signed by many chiefs, including Shab--eh-nay, whose name was transcribed as Shab-eh-fleai.
The Treaty of September 26, 1833, 7 Stat. 431, which Is also known as the Treafy of Chicago, was a cession of approximatelyfive mUllon acres In tuinois and Wisconsin by the United Nations of Chippewa, Ottowa, and Potawatomi Indians to the United States. It should be noted that both Shab-eh-nay and Sho-bon-ler were signatories to this treaty. The Treaty of Chicago also contained modifications oftitle to some ofthe lands reserved In the Treaty of Prairie du Chien and the Treaty ofTippecanoe. Article 5 of the Treaty of Chicago provided that the title to the Shab-eh-nl:IY Band Reservation would be converted to the private property ofShab-eh-nay and his helis. However, this conversion ofthe title to the Shab-eh-nay' Band Reservation from tribal to individual ownership did not appear In the final ~nofthe Treaty of Chicago.
During Its deliberations on the ratlflC81ion ofthe Treaty of Chicago, the Senate rejected Article 5, striking it from the document. With the elimination ofArticle 5, the title to the two sections ofland In De Kalb County remained in the name of Shab-eh-nay and his band and retained the status ofbibal land. The Senate's rejection ofArticle 5 was one ofthe sources ofthe confusion concerning the ownership ofthe property in lateryears. Apparently unaware that Article 5 was no longer part ofthe treaty, Shab-eh-nay's Band acted in accordance With the beliefthat the treaty provision required them to leave IUinois with the other Indian tribes. In an 1859 affidavit, a former officer In the United States.Army, Captain J. 8. F. Russell, stated that he had been employed In 1836 by the War Department to remove the Potawatomis near Chicago to Council Bluffs, Missouri. He stated that Shab-eh-nay had assisted in the successful removal ofhis tribe. - --di
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