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Philosophy of Education Collection Philosophy of Education Collection Issue 23 / July-December of 2017 Print ISSN 1390-3861 / Electronic ISSN 1390-8626 UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA SALESIANA, ECUADOR SOPHIA, Collection of Philosophy of Education is a philosophical-scientific publication of the Salesian Polytechnic University (UPS), has a bi-annual periodicity, whose first number appeared in June of 2006. The objective of SOPHIA is to theorize the educa- tion from a philosophical point of view, with data from individual and collective psy- chology, teaching-learning experiences, sociology, culture and the development of the empirical sciences, to renew, update and better articulate the conceptual, procedural and experiential level of the education sciences. The journal promotes the dissemination of monographic articles that are unpublished, scientifically constructed, with a method that adequately articulates analysis and synthesis; that are propositive, in the nucleus of the Philosophy of Education. It is published in printed version (ISSN: 1390-3861) and electronic (ISSN: 1390-8626). The management of SOPHIA is performed through the following parameters: The journal uses anti-plagiarism systems The articles have identification code (Digital Object Identifier) EThe editorial process is managed through the Open Journal System It is an Open Access publication with a Creative Commons license The copyright and post-print policies are published in the SHERPA/ROMEO Auto-ar- chive Policy Repository. Los artículos de la presente edición pueden consultarse en: • http://revistas.ups.edu.ec/index.php/sophia • http://www.ensayistas.org/critica/revistas.htm • https://www.redib.org • http://www.iisue.unam.mx/iresie • http://iresie.unam.mx • http://clase.unam.mx Sophia is indexed in the following Databases and scientific information systems SELECTIVE DATABASES JOURNAL EVALUATION PLATFORMS SELECTIVE DIRECTORIES SELECTIVE PERIODICALS AND NEWSPAPERS LIBRARIES OPEN ACCESS SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE SEARCH ENGINES AUTO-ARCHIVE OF EDITORIAL COPYRIGHT POLICIES OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASES Portal de Difusión de la Producción Científica CATALOG OF INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES Wageningen University REDES SOCIALES Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SophiaUPS/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/RevistSophiaUPS Academia.edu: https://independent.academia.edu/ SophiaColeccióndeFilosofíadelaEducación ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sophia_Ups Google: https://plus.google.com/u/0/105223710240103280296 LinkedlN: https://www.linkedin.com/in/revista-sophia-ups-1 50108132?trk=hp-identity-name Sophia: Collection of Philosophy of Education, bi-annual publication, No. 23, July-De- cember 2017. Responsible Editor: Floralba del Rocío Aguilar Gordón. Place of publication: Salesian Polytechnic University of Ecuador. Postbox: 2074, Cuenca-Ecuador. Telephone: (+5397) 2831745, Cuenca-Ecuador. E-mail: revista- [email protected] © SOPHIA. Collection of Philosophy of Education. Printed in Ecuador The concepts expressed in the articles are the responsibility of the authors. It is al- lowed to reproduce the texts by citing the source. CHIEF EDITORS / EDITORES JEFE Dra. FLORALBA DEL ROCÍO AGUILAR GORDÓN Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador Dr. VICENT GOZÁLVEZ PÉREZ Universidad de Valencia, España ASSISTANT EDITORS / EDITORES ADJUNTOS Dr. JOSÉ LUIS GUZÓN NESTAR Centro Educativo Salesiano Don Bosco, adscrito a la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España Dr. (c ) ROBERT FERNANDO BOLAÑOS VIVAS Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador Dra. (c ) JESSICA LOURDES VILLAMAR MUÑOZ Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador INTERNATIONAL COEDITORS / COEDITORES INTERNACIONALES Dr. WILLIAM DARÍO ÁVILA DÍAZ Fundación Observatorio Multidisciplinario para la Construcción del Conocimiento, Colombia Dr. JOSÉ ÁNGEL BERMÚDEZ GARCÍA Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador, Venezuela Dr. JAVIER COLLADO RUANO Instituto de Historia Grande, Australia Dr. WALTER FEDERICO GADEA Universidad de Huelva, España Dra. VIRGINIA GONFIANTINI Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina Dr. MAURO MANTOVANI Universidad Pontificia Salesiana de Roma, Italia Dr. JULIO ALBERTO MÁRQUEZ LANDA Grupo Qualinet, Universidad Edgar Morín y Tecnológico de Monterrey, México Dr. RIGOBERTO PUPO PUPO Universidad “José Martí” de Latinoamérica; Multiversidad: Mundo Real “Edgar Morin” de México y Universidad de La Habana, Cuba Dr. HÉCTOR MARCELO RODRÍGUEZ MANCILLA Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Brasil. Dr. JAIME YANES GUZMÁN Academia de Estudios e Investigación Complexus Edgar Morin (AEICEM), Santiago, Chile. COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO / SCIENTIFIC COMITTEE Dr. RÓMULO IGNACIO SANMARTÍN GARCÍA Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador Dr. GIUSEPPE ABBÁ Universidad Pontificia Salesiana de Roma, Italia Dr. FERNANDO ACEVEDO CALAMET Centro Universitario Regional del Noreste, Universidad de la República, Uruguay Dr. ESTEBAN BARA FRANCISCO Universidad de Barcelona, España Dr. DIEGO ALBERTO BELTRÁN Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina Dr. ANTONIO BERNAL GUERRERO Universidad de Sevilla, España Dra. AURORA BERNAL MARTÍNEZ DE SORIA Universidad de Navarra, España Dr. NELDO CANDELERO Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina Dr. FABIÁN CASTIGLIONE Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Espíritu Santo, Argentina. Dra. ANA CASTRO ZUBIZARRETA Universidad de Cantabria, España. Dr. JOSÉ CAVALCANTE LACERDA JUNIOR Universidad del Estado de Amazonas (UEA), Manaus-Amazonas, Brasil Dr. JESÚS CONILL SANCHO Universidad de Valencia, España. Dr. RAIMUNDO DE TEIXEIRA BARRADAS Universidad del Estado de Amazonas (UEA), Manaus-Amazonas, Brasil. Dr. CARLOS JESÚS DELGADO DÍAZ Universidad de La Habana, Cuba. Dr. JUAN ESCAMEZ SÁNCHEZ Universidad Católica de Valencia, España. Dr. JOSÉ RAMÓN FABELO CORZO Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México. Dr. RAMÓN F. FERREIRO Nova Southeasterm University (NSU), Florida, Estados Unidos. Dr. JUAN LUIS FUENTES Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España. Dra. MARÍA GARCÍA AMILBURU Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, España. Dr. FERNANDO GIL CANTERO Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España. Dr. JOSÉ ENRIQUE GÓMEZ ÁLVAREZ Universidad Panamericana y Asociación Filosófica, México. Dr. JOSÉ LUIS GÓMEZ MARTÍNEZ Universidad de Georgia, Estados Unidos Dr. JUAN CARLOS GRIJALVA Assumption College, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos. Dr. PABLO MANUEL GUADARRAMA GONZÁLEZ Universidad Central de las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba. Dra. LUCILA GUTIÉRREZ SANTANA Universidad de Colima, México. Dr. KUREETHADAM JOSHTROM Universidad Pontificia Salesiana de Roma, Italia. Dr. GONZALO JOVER OLMEDA Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España. Dr. GERARDO MARCELO KAHAN Universidad de Rosario, Argentina. Dr. SEBASTIÁN KAUFMANN SALINAS Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile. Dr. JOSÉ ANTONIO LAGO FORMOSO Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador, Venezuela. Dr. RAMÓN LUCAS LUCAS Pontificia Universidad Gregoriana de Roma, Italia. Dr. SERGIO MENA MUÑOZ Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España. Dr. JAIR MIRANDA DE PAIVA Universidad Federal de Espíritu Santo (UFES) Centro Universitario Norte de Espíritu Santo, San Mateo, Brasil. Dr. AGUSTÍN DOMINGO MORATALLA Universidad de Valencia, España. Dra. CONCEPCIÓN NAVAL DURÁN Universidad de Navarra, España. Dr. JUAN ANTONIO NICOLÁS MARÍN Universidad de Granada, España. Dra. CRUZ PÉREZ PÉREZ Universidad de Valencia, España. Dr. LUIS PORTA Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina. Dr. RAFAEL REPISO CABALLERO Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), España. Dr. ALBERTO ISAAC RINCÓN RUEDA Observatorio Multidisciplinario para la construcción del Conocimiento - OBSKNOW, Colombia. Dr. LUIS ROSÓN GALACHE Universidad Pontificia Salesiana de Roma, Italia. Dr. DAMIAN SALCEDO MEGALES Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España. Dr. DAMIÁN SÁNCHEZ SÁNCHEZ Centro Universitario de Espíritu Santo (UNESC), Espíritu Santo, Brasil. Dr. MIGUEL ÁNGEL SANTOS REGO Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, España. Dr. SANTIAGO DE PABLO CONTRERAS Universidad de País Vasco, España. Dr. RALPH WEBER Universidad de Basilea, Suiza. Dr. SANTIAGO ZARRIA Universidad, Alemania Dr. ALEJANDRO JOSÉ DE OTO Consejo Internacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina. Dr. BABU THALIATH Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Dr. JOSÉ TRANIER Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina CONSEJO DE REVISORES INTERNACIONALES / INTERNATIONAL REVIEWERS BOARD Dr. (c ) WILLIAM FREDY AGUILAR RODRÍGUEZ Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ecuador Dr. JORGE ALARCÓN LEIVA Universidad de Talca, Chile. Dr. MAURICIO ALBORNOZ OLIVARES Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile. Dr. MIGUEL ALDAMA DEL PINO Universidad de Matanzas, Cuba. Dra. HARLENE ANDERSON Summer Institute, Estados Unidos. Dra. XIMENA DEL CONSUELO ANDRADE CÁCERES Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador Dr. ABEL ARAVENA ZAMORA Universidad de Barcelona, España. Dr. CARLOS ÁNGEL ARBOLEDA MORA Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Colombia. Dr. CARLOS ARTURO ARIAS SANABRIA Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia. Dra. MARÍA MILAGROS ARMAS ARRÁEZ C.E.I. Multilingüe Minicole, España. Dra. MARÍA ELENA ARRIAGADA ARRIAGADA Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Chile. Mstr. JORGE AROS VEGA Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile. Dr. ALFONSO ÁVILA DEL PALACIO Universidad Autónoma de México, México. Dr. LORENA BASUALTO PORRA Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, Chile. Dr. JORGE ANTONIO BALLADARES BURGOS Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Ecuador. Dr. CRISTIAN EDUARDO BENAVIDES Universidad de Cuyo, Argentina. Dr. RODOLFO MAURICIO BICOCCA
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