GCSE AQA Design and Technology Materials and their properties– & Boards What you need to know: Types of papers

 Know the primary sources of materials for producing papers & boards Example Properties Uses Selecting Papers & Boards  Be able to identify a range of papers & boards. Bleed proof A smooth paper often used with Presentation water and marker pens which The type of paper & board  Understand their properties and the functions they provide and how they are used? prevents bleed (e.g. when ink runs used to make a product through the paper). depends on the following factors: Papers and boards are used for a variety of purposes from writing, Cartridge paper Good quality white paper with a Can be used for ❑ Aesthetics , packaging and model making. They are made from slight texture. paints, markers and ❑ Size of product fibres found in wood or grasses which are all renewable. drawings Paper & boards can be plain, textured and can be laminated with ❑ Where and how the

other materials like plastic to make them waterproof. Grid Paper printed with grids as Quick model 3D product will be used? guideline for drawing (e.g. drawings ❑ Stability Paper and board is measured is sizes from A0 to A6 and in weight isometric). by grams per square metres (gsm). Boards (card or ) are ❑ Cost always greater the 200gsm Layout Strong and lightweight Initial sketching ❑ Size and tracing ❑ Weight

❑ Finish required Tracing Fluted plastic – light, strong Tracing copies of ❑ Lifetime of the product This involves turning raw materials into usable products. In the case of paper, the raw material is usually wood. weather resistant material drawings ❑ Desired properties.

In the first stage of paper manufacture, the wood is mashed up Types of boards to make wood . Boards Example Properties Uses The UK use over 12 million Corrugated card Strong lightweight material Packaging such as tonnes of paper each year and This is done in one of two ways. Made from two or more layers pizza boxes, large it takes approximately 25 trees and has a fluted middle boxes that are used By machine By chemicals to make one tonne of paper. to protect heavy Trees take in Carbon Dioxide The wood is physically ground up. Paper made Wood chips are mixed with chemicals that dissolve the items (CO²) and produces oxygen from machined pulp is weaker and turns yellow bonds between the fibres. Chemical pulp is used for Duplex board Thin board that often has one Packaging over time. It is used for newspapers. writing and paper. but it takes a lot of energy to side printed. This board can also cut them down and make be coated with wax so it can be paper. The wood pulp is then bleached to make it white, and fed into a Fourdrinier machine. This machine makes used with food and drink the pulp into paper. An alternative is to recycle paper and this is becoming 1. Firstly, dyes and other chemicals are added to 2. The pulp is then spread onto a Foil lined board Board covered with one side of Packaging such a the pulp. moving wire mesh conveyer belt. aluminum foil making it a good takeaway and more common as this uses insulator ready meal between 40% to 70% less packaging. energy to produce.

Foam core board Two pieces of board with a foam Model making such 4. The calendar core to increase the thickness but as architectural 3. The mesh passes through a series of metal rollers. rollers then smooth retain its light weight property. models. the paper and The second rollers are determine the thickness. Solid white board High quality cardboard, smooth Book covers, cards heated to dry the on both sides which makes it and packaging. paper. good for printing. The first rollers squeeze out the water.